Histological Changes In Ovary Research Articles

Characterization of the histological changes in ovaries of Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats

Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats are a useful animal model for studying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, this strain of rats exhibits poor fertility, so it is difficult to expand colonies. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesized that alterations in the oestrous cycle of diabetic rats are related to ovarian histology. The aim of this study was to determine the histology of the ovaries of diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic rats to understand the poor fertility of this strain of diabetic rats. An experimental study was thus conducted. Eight GK rats and eight Wistar rats were utilized. The rats were age-adjusted into two groups called “young rats” and “mature rats” at two and fourteen months of age, respectively. After sacrificing the rats, the ovaries were dissected and processed by fixation and paraffin embedding to perform the histological study. The results included the number of corpora lutea and the percentage of follicular fraction in each ovary, as well as qualitative data such as the presence of follicles in different stages of development. Our findings revealed differences between GK and Wistar rats. The ovarian histological findings were related to the presence of T2DM, polycystic ovary syndrome and poor fertility in female GK rats; the link between these pathologies is insulin resistance. Future lines of investigation into metabolic treatment, which may help improve insulin resistance, could also benefit the previously described pathologies in female GK rats.

THE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL STRESS ON STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN ADULT OFFSPRING

The prenatal period of human development is the most vulnerable. Events in the life of a pregnant woman, in particular socio-emotional stress, make influence on the intrauterine fetus development but also on the health of the child and his susceptibility to certain diseases in adult. To date, it has been proven that the reproductive system, starting from the embryonic period to the end of the descending ontogenesis, is particularly sensitive to the effects of socio-emotional stress. The aim of study is to define effects of social-emotional maternal stress during prenatal period on morpho-functional condition of the ovaries in the adult offspring. Materials and methods. 10-month-old female Wistar rats from the first-generation descendants of control females and socio-emotional stressed during the pregnancy mothers were investigated in the experiment. Histological changes in ovaries as well as hormonal status of female offspring from gestational stressed mothers were studied. According to the results of our study, significant degenerative changes were found in ovaries of adult female offspring from gestationally stressed mothers, which manifest in disturbances of oogenesis and ovulation with an increase of estradiol level in the blood and body weight compared to the control which, probably, can be explained by extraovarian conversion androgens into estrogens. Conclusion. Mothers stress during all gestational period makes negative influence on reproductive possibilities of their adult female offspring.

Minnelide Markedly Reduces Proteinuria in Mice with Adriamycin Nephropathy by Protecting Against Podocyte Injury

Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. The current major therapy is hormones for most steroid-sensitive patients. However, many patients have recurrent relapses of the disease and require long-term immunosuppression, leading to significant morbidity due to the side effects of the drugs. Therefore, better drugs need to be urgently explored to treat nephrotic syndrome while avoiding the side effects of drugs. Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide, has been proved to be effective in treating cancers in many clinical trials. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of minnelide in mice with adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy, its underlying protection mechanisms, and its reproductive toxicity. Minnelide was administered intraperitoneally to 6–8-week female mice with adriamycin nephropathy for 2 weeks, and the urine, blood, and kidney tissues were taken to analyze the therapeutic effect. In addition, we evaluated reproductive toxicity by measuring the levels of gonadal hormones and observing the histological changes in ovaries and testes. Primary mouse podocytes were exposed to puromycin (PAN) to damage the cytoskeleton and induce apoptosis, and then, triptolide was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and underlying protection mechanisms in vitro. It was observed that minnelide dramatically alleviated proteinuria and apoptosis in mice with adriamycin nephropathy. In vitro, triptolide ameliorated puromycin-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. In addition, minnelide caused no reproductive toxicity to male and female mice. The results suggested that minnelide might be a promising drug for nephrotic syndrome.

Histological study of the effect of sildenafil citrate on ovulation induction in mature female mice

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of oral administration with different concentrations of sildenafil citrate (SC) on some of the reproductive parameters as ovulation induction in the female mice. In the experimental work, thirty of healthy female mice at the age (10-12) weeks with weight (23-25) gram were included in this study. They were divided in three groups (10 mature females’ mice/group) including one group as control according to different doses of sildenafil citrate (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg) throughout administration period for 6 days. Parameters were assessed involving study the histological changes in ovary as, number each of primary follicles, growing follicles, graafian follicles, evaluated using hematoxyline and eosin stains. The results of the present study showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) in the reproductive parameters using both concentrations (0.5 and 1mg/ kg) of the sildenafil citrate when compared with the control group as; number each of primary follicles, growing follicles and grafian follicles.Moreover, high concentration of (1mg/kg), sildenafil citrate showed a significant enhancement in the reproductive parameters which were mentioned previously compare with low dose of sildenafil citrate (0.5mg/kg) and control group .Therefore, it was concluded that the sildenafil citrate supplementation may have important role on the ovulation induction in females mice.

Blood volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers for poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): An animal study in the PCOS rat model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a common metabolic and endocrinological disorder can affect the metabolic profile in biological fluids. We studied the profile of blood volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in rats with PCOS and controls to identify potential specific biomarkers of blood VOCs in PCOS rats. For this purpose, 30 female adult Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: control and PCOS groups. PCOS model was induced using letrozole gavage (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. The rats in the control group received water of the same volume for 21 days. During treatment, a collection of vaginal smears was done every day for estrus cycle determination and weight was measured weekly. On the day after the last administration of letrozole, the rats were killed and their blood and ovaries were collected. Testosterone levels and histologic changes in ovaries were examined. Also, headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) analyzed the VOCs in the blood of PCOS and control rats. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to find the potential biomarkers for a rat model of PCOS. Weight gain, ovarian and vaginal pathological alteration, as well as hyperandrogenemia, confirmed the successful induction of the PCOS in rats. The results of blood VOCs analysis showed that nine VOCs were significantly elevated and one VOC decreased in the PCOS group than the control group (P < 0/05). The partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed good separation of VOCs between the PCOS rats and the control group. The 4-ethylphenol and capric (decanoic) acid were selected as the potential biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis in the blood of the PCOS rats. The blood of PCOS rats had a specific profile of VOCs, which could be detected by GC-MS analysis. These findings can pave the way for further studies towards developing a new screening method for PCOS detection and studying their pathology, based on VOCs analysis.

Histological Changes in Ovary Treated with Dexamethasone and Cefotaxime Sodium.

Dexamethasone (DEX), which is a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid), has been used to treat different conditions, such as immune system disorders, certainskinandeyedisorders, as well as breathing problems. Cefotaxime sodium, also called Claforan, is synthesized from a naturally occurring material (semisynthetic). It is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that could be utilized forparenteraladministration. The present study aimed to investigate histological changes occurring in the tissues and cells of the rats' ovary (primordial, primary, secondary, antral, and mature follicle) treated with Cefotaxime sodium, as well as DEX, and evaluate the impacts of these medications on animals' fertility. In total, 40 female adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=10). The control group received 0.5 ml/kg of distilled water daily for five days as a placebo. The second group was injected with 0.5 mg/kg of DEX daily for five days. The same amount of Claforan (0.5 mg/kg) was injected into the third group daily for five days, and the fourth group received 0.5 mg/kg of both Claforan and DEX daily for five days. Afterward, the ovaries were prepared for histological examination. The ImageJ image analysis system was used to detect morphometric parameters and calculate the area of these organs. The findings of the present study showed that the DEX and Claforan brought changes to the ovarian area and the number of follicles. The ovarian area significantly increased (P<0.007) in the DEX-treated group (mean±SEM=7.3±0.5 mm2), compared to the control group (mean±SEM=4.6±0.20 mm2). However, DEX was found to decrease body weight. Furthermore, the ovarian area significantly increased in the Claforan-treated group (mean±SEM=8.6±0.6 mm2); however, their body weight significantly decreased (P<0.008), in comparison with the control and DEX-treated groups. The combination treatment (i.e., DEX + Cefotaxime sodium) significantly increased (P<0.009) the area of ovaries even more, compared to single treatments (mean±SEM=9.6±0.4 mm2). Overall, both DEX and Claforan brought histological changes to ovaries. However, the effect of DEX on ovaries was less than that of Claforan. The concurrent administration of both medications was found to have more significant effects on rats' ovaries.

The ovulation assessment of regular cyclic rats following subacute oral administration of monosodium glutamate: An in vivo study

Context: The possible toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on ovarian functions have not been thoroughly evaluated in contrast to testicular functions. Few studies documented that MSG showed histological alterations. Aims: To investigate the subacute effects of oral MSG (2 g/kg) on estrogen level and numbers of ovulated oocytes and histological changes in ovary of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Virgin young adult SD female rats with a regular estrous cycle were randomly assigned to either MSG-treated group or control group, and the duration of treatment was 14-16 days for oral administration MSG or vehicle (distilled water), respectively. Results: Oral MSG treatment with doses of 2 g/kg/day showed significantly (p&lt;0.01) reduced numbers of ovulated oocytes in the oviduct, newly formed corpora lutea, large follicles in histology of ovarian sections and attenuated serum estrogen levels. Conclusions: Subacute oral administration of MSG may negatively influence the ovarian function of young female rats via reduction of ovulated oocytes and the attenuation of estrogen level.

The Protective Effects of Trans-Anethole against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced Histopathological and Metabolic Changes in Rat.

BackgroundAim of the study was to evaluate the protective effects of trans-anethole, against polycystic ovary syn- drome (PCOS) induced histopathological and biochemical changes in female Wister rats.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, forty-eight animals were randomly assigned into 6 groups: con- trol; PCOS; PCOS+trans-anethole (20, 40, 80 mg/kg); and PCOS+metformin (300 mg/kg). Testosterone (1 mg/kg/ day) was injected intraperitoneally for 35 days to induce PCOS. After PCOS induction, animals were treated by trans- anethole and metformin (30 days oral gavage). Finally, serum oxidative stress and insulin levels as well as histological changes in ovaries, kidneys and liver were evaluated.ResultsIn PCOS group, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 1.391 ± 0.18 mmol/L and significantly increased (P=0.000) compared to the control group with the MDA level of 0.35 ± 0.08. Meanwhile the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and total thiol levels were significantly decreased (P=0.000 for all groups), compared to the control group. In the trans-anethole (80 mg/kg) treated group, insulin (P=0.000) and MDA (P=0.000) levels were significantly decreased while total thiol (P=0.001) and activity of SOD (P=0.000) and CAT (P=0.007) were significantly increased compared to the PCOS group. In the metformin treated group the insulin level (P=0.03) decreased compared to the PCOS group. Histological evaluation showed multiple cysts in the ovarian tissue, an increase in inflammatory cells in the liver, and a loss of order in the structure of the tubules and glomeruli of the kidney in the PCOS group. Tissue damage was reduced in the trans-anethole treated group.ConclusionTarns-anethole at a dose of 80 mg/kg improved metabolic status, oxidative stress, liver and kidney dam- age as well as the cystic mass of ovarian tissue. To understand the exact protective effects of trans-anethole in PCOS, more experimental or clinical studies are suggested.

Histological Effects of Cotton seed Oil on Ovaries and RTWI among Female Albino Rats: RCT

Background: Concerns over the rising infertility rate among humans is now becoming a global health issue. Aim: To observe the histological changes in ovaries while measuring relative tissue weight indices of all ovaries among different groups receiving cottonseed oil. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: Twenty four adult female albino rats (12 weeks of age) were divided into 04 groups. Group-1 (Control) rats were given orally distilled water @ 400mg (equivalent to 400μl)/kg body weight per day. Group-2, Group-3 &amp; Group-4 rats were given cottonseed oil (treatment groups) @ 400mg (equivalent to 432μl)/kg body weight per day, respectively, for a period of 30 days. Results: Cottonseed oil significantly reduced fertility in terms of follicles and ova in all treatment groups than control having non-significant differences among means of different groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that the crude cottonseed oil significantly affected female rat fertility in terms of reduced number of follicles and ova as shown histologically. However, it did not affect relative tissue weight indices among different groups. Hence, its use in edible products may result in increased women infertility. Keywords: Cottonseed Oil, Relative Tissue Weight Indices and Number of Follicles.

Morphological changes in the experimental model of polycystic ovary syndrome and effects of vitamin D treatment.

This research was designed to develop an animal model by inducing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and observe reproductive and morphological changes after treatment with vitamin D. Thirty pre-pubertal female Sprague-Dawley (SD) dams were recruited. The animals were distributed 10 each in control, PCOS and vitamin D-treated groups. In control group 0.2 ml of sesame oil was given. PCOS group was administered DHEA by the daily dose of 6 mg/kg for 30 days. In vitamin D-treated group, animals were injected 6 mg/kg/day DHEA daily and 120 ng 1, 25(OH) 2D3/100 g subcutaneously once a week. The occurrence of reproductive phenotypic PCOS was evaluated by estrous cycle, morphology and histological changes of ovary, uterus on light microscope. The results of this study showed significant weight gain, obesity, and estrous irregularity in PCOs group as compared to control and vitamin D-treated group. Administration of vitamin D (120 ng 1, 25(OH) 2D3/100) improved the cycle characteristics, reduced body weight and morphological features in PCOS induced animals. The results support the effect of vitamin D treatment for metabolic and reproductive characteristic features in PCOS females.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve morphometric and histopathologic changes of cyclophosphamide-injured ovarian follicles in mouse model of premature ovarian failure

BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells have restorative effects on premature ovarian failure (POF). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord vein MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) on follicular quantitative parameters and histological changes of ovaries in the cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POF in mice. Materials and methodsC57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (10 mice in each group). In the control group, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected via tail vein following 15 days injection of PBS intraperitoneally (IP). In the CTX group, CTX was administered IP for 15 days and then PBS was injected via tail vein. In the CTX + hUCV-MSCs group, following CTX administration, single dose of the 1 × 106 of hUCV-MSCs were injected into tail vein. H&E, trichrome and PAS staining as well as TUNEL assay were performed on the ovaries tissue sections. The number of follicles, follicular quantitative parameters and apoptotic index were obtained. The serum levels of estradiol and FSH were measured in the mice. ResultsIn the CTX + hUCV-MSCs group, degenerative changes were decreased and follicular quantitative parameters increased in the ovarian follicles compared to the CTX group. In this group number of follicles was increased, apoptotic index was decreased, estradiol and FSH levels were decreased and increased, respectively, all of them improved compared to the CTX group. The mean percentage areas of collagen fibers content were decreased compared to the CTX group. ConclusionResults showed that, hUCV-MSCs administration increases follicular quantitative parameters and improve degenerative changes in the follicles following CTX injury.

Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and preventive role of milk by-products against nicotine-induced alteration in sexual hormones and organs pathology in rats

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of skim milk (SM) and permeate (P) in vitro and to evaluate their protective role against nicotine (NT)-induce oxidative stress, disturbances in sex hormones and histological changes in different organs of female rats. Four groups of female rats were treated orally for 4 weeks included the control group, NT-treated group (0.6 mg/kg b.w), NT plus SM-treated group (100 mg/kg b.w) and NT plus P-treated group (200 mg/kg b.w). Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment for different analyses. The in vitro results showed that SM and P have a diphenyl 1-2 pieryl- hydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity in a dose-dependent and SM was more effective than P. The in vivo results showed that NT administration induced a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) accompanied by significant histological changes in ovary, colon, and urinary bladder. Co-administration of NT plus SM or P could alleviate the histological changes, improved the antioxidants enzyme activity, and normalized FSH and LH. The overall results showed that SM was more effective than P. It could be concluded that these milk by-products can be used as a dietary supplement to reduce the risk of tobacco smoking or tobacco chewing.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Role of vitamin C on hormonal and pathological changes in &lt;em&gt;Heteropneustes fossilis&lt;/em&gt; (Bloch) due to exposure to sodium fluoride&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Fluoride is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Here, we explored the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on morphological, hormonal and histological changes in ovary of Asian stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) after exposure to 1/10th mg and 1/5th mg F/L of LC50 of fluoride in water for 45 and 90 days. Activities of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological evaluation of the ovaries was conducted after staining with haematoxylin-eosin (HE). Reproductive hormones were significantly decreased after NaF-treated groups. Ovary was found to be adversely effected by exposure to NaF. Maturation of follicles was inhibited by exposure after observation of GSI and histology in ovary. These results suggest that female reproductive system is adversely affected by NaF. NaF may thus significantly reduce the fertility of female fish. This study encompasses alteration in hormonal assay to evaluate the role of vitamins C in the recovery of fluoride toxicity in fish. Vitamin C is a water-soluble ROS scavenger with high potency.

The Study of the Effect of Low Doses of Androgens on the Ovarian Reserve, Biochemical and Hormonal Parameters

The objective: justification of the use of low doses of androgens in women with a reduced ovarian reserve. Study of the safety and effectiveness of their use in laboratory experiments involving laboratory animals.Materials and methods. Specific efficacy has been investigated in repeated doses of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 90 days in female Wistar rats. The drug was administered in therapeutic and triple therapeutic doses. Biochemical and hormonal indices were studied. A histological examination of female ovaries after a treatment cycle was also conducted.Results. There were no significant changes in haematological parameters when using a therapeutic and three-fold dose; none of them exceeded the norm, which indicates the safety of prescribing drugs and the absence of adverse effects on hematological parameters. In the study of biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, one can notice a slight increase in glucose, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels in the group that used a three-dose dose, and, nevertheless, they did not go beyond the norm. Morphological and histological changes in ovaries of rats indicate an increase in the number of follicles at all stages of development; the effect was dose-depending.Conclusion. Thus, the use of therapeutic doses of the drug can be considered completely safe. The results of the study may be useful in the development of therapeutic approaches in women with a reduced ovarian reserve.

ANTI-INFERTILITY EFFECTS TEST OF DATE PALM FRUIT EXTRACT (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) IN FEMALE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) COMPARED WITH PROPOLIS

Objective: The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) is one of the plants empirically used to increase fertility. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ethanol extract of date palm fruit and propolis on fertility in female mice.Methods: 5 groups were assigned to 1 control and 4 experimental groups. The experimental group treated by oral administration of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgBW of khalal date fruit extract and 200 mg/kgBW of propolis for 5, 10 and 15 days. Control groups received no extract. After 5, 10 and 15 days the mice were deeply anesthetized with anesthetic ether and sacrificed. Histological changes in ovary and uterine were measured. The data was analyzed by using two way ANOVA and Duncan test.Results: The results of the study of the effect of the dose and duration of the ethanol extract of khalal date fruit on the histology of ovaries and uterine mice showed that there was an increase in the number of primary, secondary, tertiary, degraaf, and corpus luteum follicles but did not affect the follicle of atresia and myometrial and endometrial thickness. in Propolis a dose of 100mg / kgBW increase occurs only in primary, secondary and corpus luteum follicles.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of khalal date fruit and Propolis can increase the number of ovarian follicles. Ethanol extract of khalal date fruit dose can increase the number of ovarian follicles higher than propolis.

Silencing of LncRNA steroid receptor RNA activator attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome in mice

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and has a prevalence of 1 in 15 women worldwide. This study aims to investigate the role of lncRNA SRA in the pathological processes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MethodsTwenty five-day old female C57BL/6 mice received subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg dehydroepiandrosterone for 20 days to induce PCOS. Lentivirus containing lncRNA SRA-specific shRNA was subcapsularly injected into the ovaries of PCOS mice. Granulosa cell was primary cultured to explore the mechanism of DHEA-induced inflammatory responses. H&E staining was used to examine the histological changes of ovaries. ELISA was used to assess serum insulin level and proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenetic factors contents in ovary tissue. The expression levels of LncRNA SRA and proteins involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway were detected through Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB was observed by immunofluorescence and the activity of NF-κB-DNA binding was detected using EMSA. ResultsSilencing of lncRNA SRA changed insulin release, attenuated ovary injury and reduced the production of angiogenetic factors in the PCOS mice. In addition, shRNA targeting lncRNA SRA inhibited DHEA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and NF-κB nuclear translocation in the ovary of PCOS mice and primary granulosa cells. ConclusionSilencing of lncRNA Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mice. LncRNA SRA plays important roles in the development of PCOS.

Morphological changes of gonad and gene expression patterns during desexualization in Dugesia japonica (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae)

Planarians, the representatives of an ancient bilaterian group with complex reproductive system and high regenerative capabilities, are model system suitable for studying the basic molecular requirements for the development of the reproductive system. To further explore the morphological changes of the gonads during desexualization and the molecular events of the genes controlling the reproductive system development in planarians, we have investigated the histological changes of ovary and testis by paraffin section and the expression patterns of reproductive-related genes by the quantitative real-time PCR in Dugesiajaponica Ichikawa &amp;amp; Kawakatsu, 1964, upon starvation. The four genes, Djprps, DjvlgA, DjvlgB and Djnos, have been selected. The research results show that the degradation of ovary changes from outside layer to inside, and the testis changes are opposite; the reproductive capacity of the planarians starts to be damaged from the 17th to 25th days and to disappear completely from the 26th to 37th days during starvation. The expression patterns of the four genes exhibit the obvious dynamic variations during their desexualization, which indicates that these genes might be involved in gonad development.

Oral administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticle through ovarian tissue alterations impairs mice embryonic development

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NP) is commonly used in industrial products including food colorant, cosmetics, and drugs. Previous studies have shown that oral administration of TiO2NP can be toxic to the reproductive system, but little is known if TiO2NP could be able to affect the functions of the female reproductive system, in particular fertility. The objective was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of TiO2NP on histological changes in ovaries, pregnancy rate and in vitro fertility in mice. In this experimental study, 54 adult female NMRI mice were randomly assigned to two groups: control group (received vehicle orally) and TiO2NP group (received 100 mg/kg/daily TiO2NP solution orally). After 5 wk, pregnancy and in vitro fertilization rates, histological changes in ovaries, malondyaldehyde and estrogen hormone levels in the blood serum were investigated and compared between groups. Our results revealed that TiO2NP administration induced histological alterations in ovary including, degenerating and reduction of ovarian follicles, ovarian cyst formation and disturbance of follicular development. Compared to control, animals in TiO2NP group have shown significant reduction of pregnancy rates and number of giving birth (p=0.04). TiO2NP caused significant reduction in oocyte number, fertilization rate, and pre-implantation embryo development (p<0.001). Furthermore, malondyaldehyde and estrogen hormone levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in mice received TiO2NP. Our findings suggest that TiO2NP exposure induces alterations on mice ovary resulting in a decrease in the rate of embryo development and fertility.

Effect of the Silver Nanoparticles on the Histology of Albino Mice Ovaries

The aim of study is to identify the histological changes in ovaries of the albino mice exposed to silver nanoparticles. Sixty adult females were collected and exposures by 4000 p.p.m. and 50-150 nm in size, Females were divided into 3treated groups. The concentration dosage was (1, 1.5 and 2) p.p.m. of silver nanoparticles for 7, 14 and 21 days as exposure periods as well as control group which treated by normal saline. Treated groups appeared different histopathological changes, it is depending on the concentration of silver nanoparticles and the period of exposure. These changes were included congestion in the blood vessels, hemorrhage, hyaline degeneration, fatty degeneration, pyknosis, necrosis as well as fusion of cells in follicular cells, amyloid proteins in the blood vessels and Fatty necrosis.

The effect of Melatonin on histological changes of ovary in induced polycystic ovary syndrome model in mice

Abstract Background Antioxidants can be used as adjuvant treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Melatonin (MT) is one of the antioxidant that is used nowadays. Objective In this study, the effect of MT on the histological changes of ovary in the experimental model of polycystic ovary syndrome is investigated. Methods In this study 30 immature female NMRI mice were divided into 5 groups including: (1) control group received distilled water, (2) received a dose of 10 mg/kg MT for 5 days, (3) received Dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA) at a dose of 6 mg/kg for 20 days to induce PCOS, (4) after induction of PCOS received MT at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days, and (5) received 6 mg/kg DHEA and 10 mg/kg MT for 20 days simultaneously. Results The evaluation of ovarian tissue characteristics such as the granulosa layer, theca, number and diameter of cysts and follicles was performed. PCOS caused a significant reduction in the number of antral follicles and corpus luteum and an increase in the number of primordial, primary, pre-antral and cystic follicles in comparison with the control group (P Conclusion These findings indicate that MT have a protective effects on polycystic ovary damages induced by DHEA, although the mechanism is unclear. It is likely that this is happening by reducing oxidative damage.