Histiocyte-like Cells Research Articles

Establishment and characterization of a fibrous histiocytoma cell line (NMSG 10) derived from a malignant fibrous histiocytoma

A fibrous histiocytoma cell line, NMSG 10, was derived from a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), of human tibia, and its characteristics were examined. MFH was a pleomorphic subtype associated with myxoid and storiform areas. Primary culture revealed a mixture of histiocyte-like cells, fibroblast-like cells and giant cells, but fibroblast-like cells became the major population after several passages in vitro. In addition, NMSG 10 produced a large amount of viscous material which stained with alcian blue and was digested by hyaluronidase. Thus, this viscous material was a single component of glycosaminoglycans: hyaluronic acid (HA). The cells were spindle-shaped with well-developed cytoplasmic organelles and collagenous filaments, and a colloid iron-positive substance was observed in intercellular spaces. In scid mice, the mixed populations of neoplastic cells appeared similar in histology to that of the original tumor. These findings indicated that NMSG 10 expresses the unique properties of MFH, and should therefore be useful in studies on the biological behavior, and especially the presence of HA in MFH.

Establishment and Characterization of a Human Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Cell Line

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma. However, the pathogenesis still remains unclear, because there are very few human malignant fibrous histiocytoma cell lines available for precise cellular study. In this study, a human malignant fibrous histiocytoma cell line (MMF-1) was established from the pulmonary metastatic lesion of a 55-year-old man with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Human cell line MMF-1 and its heterotransplanted tumor had almost the same characteristics as the original tumor morphologically and immunohistochemically. This cell line is expected to be a useful for studying the pathogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The cloned cell lines (MMF-2 and MMF-3) also consisted of spindle-shaped, polygonal, and multinucleated giant cells, meaning that the fibroblast-like cells, histiocyte-like cells, and multinucleated giant cells seen in malignant fibrous histiocytoma were derived from a single tumor cell. Human cell line MMF-1 produced inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, that might be involved in the morphogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of human cell line MMF-1 suggested that malignant fibrous histiocytoma originated from a poorly differentiated fibroblast.

Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy with hypotonia in an infant

A 15 month old female, who had suffered from ventricular tachycardia from the prenatal period, experienced cardiac arrest at home. Once she had recovered, ventricular tachycardia occurred repeatedly. She died 7 months after admission. At autopsy, the heart showed many yellowish white nodules in the endocardium. Histologically these nodules consisted of granular or foamy histiocyte-like cells, which had spread to all four chambers. Electron micrographs showed mitochondrial hyperplasia in these cells. The cells had some myofibrils in their cytoplasm. These findings were compatible with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, the present case showed hypotonia. Her muscle biopsy revealed decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase, suggesting that histiocytoid cardiomyopathy is related to mitochondrial cytopathy.

Diffuse Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Testis, the Epididymis and the Spermatic Cord.

Inflammatory pseudotumors have been recognized in many parts of the body. A case of a diffuse variant which involved the testis, the epididymis and the spermatic cord is described. The patient had enlarged left testis for several months. Clinically, the lesion mimicred cancer. Histologically, the lesion contained hyalinized fibrous tissue with spindle cells, plasma cells and lymphocytes. Gradual involvement of vascular channels by the cellular elements of inflammatory pseudotumor was observed. Results of immunohistochemical studies showed a myofibroblast differentiation in the majority of spindle cells: intense antibody staining for smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin, and vimentin. The ultrastructural findings, intracytoplasmic filaments with dense bodies, were also consistent with the myofibroblastic nature of these cells. The histiocyte differentiation of spindle cells is questionable in our case, because only scattered histiocyte-like cells showed positivity with the KP-1 (CD-3) antibody.

Tobacco smoke induced lung granulomas and tumors: association with pulmonary langerhans cells

The density of zinc-iodide-osmium (ZIO) positive pulmonary Langerhans dendritic cells (LC) was increased about 20-fold in mice after passive exposure to tobacco smoke. This was associated with pulmonary changes consistent with the cigarette smoking-related clinical syndrome in humans, pulmonary Langerhans cell granulomatosis. The major feature was an interstitial peribronchial granuloma. The cellular infiltrate of the granuloma (lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, clusters of large histiocyte-like cells and macrophages) extended into the adjacent alveolar septum forming a star-shaped lesion. The histiocyte-like cells were large with pale acidophilic cytoplasm and many ill-defined short dendrites extending from the cell membrane. Bronchial epithelial metaplasia also developed. The interstitial changes were followed by the development of proliferative alveolar and bronchial lesions in 2 mice. The zinc-iodide-osmium positive cells were consistent with la positive pulmonary dendritic cells and their ultrastructure was similar to that of pulmonary Langerhans cells. After ceasing exposure to tobacco smoke the density of pulmonary Langerhans cells returned to that of the control level; interstitial granulomatous lesions disappeared, but the bronchial epithelial metaplasia did not reverse. Tobacco smoke exposure of mice produces interstitial granulomatous inflammation similar to Langerhans cell granulomatosis in humans. The elevated level of pulmonary Langerhans cells implicate these cells in the pathogenesis of these lesions.

悪性線維性組織球腫 悪性線維性組織球腫診断例 悪性線維性組織球腫と思われた１例

We present a patient of a 63-year-old male who has been suffered from slightly redthumb-head sized tumor on his right wing nose. The tumor was growing rapidly and jutted out into the nasal membrane. Histological findings revealed that the slightly atypical fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like tumor cells grew from the upper dermis of the skin to the pro lamina propria mucosae of the nasal mucous membrane.We compared this tumor with other fibrohistiocytic tumor, clinically and histologically, therefore we thought that the diagnosis of this case might be MFH after all.

Allotransplantation of a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the ddY mouse

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) developed spontaneously in the subcutaneous tissue of the hind leg of a 7-month-old female ddY mouse. Histologically, an original tumor was composed of an admixture of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells arranged in predominantly storiform or cartwheel pattern. The tumor was serially transplanted into syngeneic mice up to the 70th generation. Moreover, the tumor was also consistently transplanted into allogeneic mice of several inbred strains. Allogeneic mice used in the present study were 7 strains having the different H-2 haplo-types. During succeeding passages, transplanted tumor pieces showed aberrant growth properties. Histopathological features of these tumors were basically similar to original tumors. As mentioned above, a spontaneous MFH in the ddY mouse was consistently transplantable into both syngeneic and allogeneic mice. The tumor was designated S-MFH-1T.

A Case of Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath Developing on the Palm

A 22-year-old Japanese woman with a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath on the palm is described. The location of the tumor is rare. Light microscopically, the tumor consisted of round or polygonal cells, giant cells, and foam cells. Electron microscopically, histiocyte-like cells and fibroblast-like cells were mainly observed, suggesting that the tumor may have originated from the synovial membrane.

Numerical chromosome changes in a nasal polyp

The etiology of nasal polyposis is not fully understood. We found numerical chromosome changes in one out of five cytogenetically investigated nasal polyps. The histological picture of this case was characterized by the presence of histiocyte-like cells, which were absent in the remaining cytogenetically normal polyps.

Malignant lymphoma in coeliac disease: various manifestations with distinct symptomatology and prognosis?

To study the different forms of malignant lymphoma complicating coeliac disease in a low-prevalence area, according to extranodal-nodal and extraintestinal-intestinal manifestations. Patients recruited from two University Hospitals (Amsterdam, Leiden) and from PALGA (National Dutch data-bank) over a 16-year period. Review of hospital charts with respect to clinical presentation and treatment of both coeliac disease and malignant lymphoma. Re-evaluation of morphology and staging by immunoperoxidase, enzyme- and immunohistochemical stainings on unstained and frozen materials. Clinical behaviour and T- or B-cell morphology of extranodal intestinal, extranodal extraintestinal and nodal intestinal disease. Fourteen cases of enteropathy-associated lymphoma could be traced, 10 with a history of coeliac disease, four primarily presenting with malignant lymphoma. The usual extranodal intestinal lymphoma (eight cases) presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and malabsorption. Six had atypical disease: four presented with extranodal extraintestinal disease, located in the skin or the respiratory tract; two patients had intractable malabsorption and oedema caused by a nodal intestinal lymphoma. Re-evaluation with additional immunohistochemical stainings in 11 patients showed a pleomorphic malignant infiltrate of histiocyte-like cells of T-cell origin, with a pattern of CD3+; CD4-; CD5 +/-; CD7+ and CD8-. It also established a more appropriate diagnosis in four, an 0.6-year earlier diagnosis in six, and an upgraded stage of disease in two patients. A more extensive spread and poorer outcome appeared to become more probable in the ranking order of extranodal intestinal, extranodal extraintestinal and nodal intestinal lymphoma. A proper and timely diagnosis of enteropathy-associated lymphoma requires clinical vigilance and unrelentless perseverance to obtain adequate fresh and frozen tissue for histochemical staining. Further research in a larger number of patients is warranted to investigate the relation between the primary site of the lymphoma, i.e. extranodal intestinal, extranodal extraintestinal, or nodal intestinal, and (its impact on) clinical presentation and prognosis.

Interdigitating cell sarcoma: A morphologic and immunologic study of lymph node lesions in four cases

Interdigitating cell sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor. Its presentation and histologic appearance has varied among the reported cases. In this study, the authors investigated four cases of the hematolymphoid malignancy arising within lymph nodes, which were considered to be of interdigitating cell origin. All patients presented in the 6th to 8th decade of life with peripheral lymphadenopathy, and had a relatively indolent clinical course, without bone marrow or skin involvement. Carcinomas were observed as a second neoplasm in two of four patients. Distinctive morphologic features are proliferation of histiocyte-like cells with nuclear pleomorphism and occasionally multinucleated, paracortical distribution sparing of B-cell regions, fibrosis, sinus infiltration, and a prominent eosinophil/plasma cell infiltrates. The combination of light microscopic, fine structural, and immunohistochemical features suggested that these tumors derive from interdigitating cells; these tumor cells expressed CD68 (KP1), S-100 protein and HLA-DR, but lack CD21 (1F8), desmosomes and Birbeck granules. The diagnosis of interdigitating cell sarcoma should be considered on any pleomorphic tumor with the features described in this report.

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma: A distinct entity diagnosable by clinical and histologic features

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma is a newly described entity; examples from the United States have not yet been reported. Our purpose was to analyze the clinical and histologic features of this entity and confirm or refute its existence. Seven cases were analyzed clinically and by light microscopy. Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma typically occurs in middle-aged women and consists of multiple, grouped, red-brown to violaceous papules that are dome-shaped or flat-topped, roundish and smooth in outline, sharply circumscribed, and occasionally coalescent. Typical sites are the legs, thighs, and backs of hands and fingers. Microscopic features are an increased number of blood vessels (usually capillaries and venules) that are small, rounded, and not well grouped, together with multinucleated histiocyte-like cells with scalloped borders. Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma is a distinct entity that is diagnosable clinically and histopathologically.

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Macrophage Differentiation.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of adult life. Its clinicopathological entity, however, is not completely established because of its uncertain histogenesis. In this review, the histogenesis of MFH is discussed through an overview of the concept of macrophage ontogeny. Our recent multiparametric studies indicate that MFH is a tumor of mesenchymal cells with fibroblastic differentiation. Histiocyte-like cells in the tumor are considered to be not neoplastic component but infiltrated macrophages. Because this tumor is not one of the histocytes or macrophages, the term “malignant fibrous histiocytoma” is inappropriate. Instead, this tumor should be renamed as a special type of mesenchymal cell tumor differentiating toward fibroblasts and producing monocyte chemoattractants and macrophage differentiation factors.

A clinico-pathological study of adult histiocytosis X involving the brain.

Adult histiocytosis X involving the CNS caused progressive spastic paraparesis. The diagnosis was made by immunoreactive anti-S100 protein antibody staining and from the presence of Birbeck granules in biopsy specimens of skin lesions. Neuropathological examination showed massive proliferation and infiltration of S-100 containing histiocyte-like cells and reactive astrocytes throughout the CNS.

Amelanotic acral melanoma masquerading as fibrous histiocytic tumours. Three case reports.

We report 3 cases of amelanotic melanoma developing on the finger, whose histology disclosed dermal invasion of histiocyte-like tumour cells. One of the 3 cases was subungual melanoma and the other 2 were on the volar surface of the finger tip. Because of the characteristic dense infiltration of large histiocyte-like tumour cells, including many multinucleated giant cells, we initially considered histiocytic tumours. However, there were some histiocyte-like cells that displayed inclusion-like intranuclear invagination of cytoplasm, and almost all tumour cells, including the giant cells, were positive for S-100 protein. In addition, ultrastructural demonstration of premelanosomes within the cytoplasm of the tumour cells established the diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma. These features were distinct histologically from other variants of vertical growth phase amelanotic malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic or neurotropic melanoma. Because we encountered cases 2 and 3 within just a year after the first case, we think that the misdiagnosis of amelanotic "histiocytic" melanoma can be avoided through enhanced clinical awareness and subsequent appropriate histopathologic studies.

Expression of Interstitial Collagenase, 92-kDa Gelatinase, and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 in Granuloma Annulare and Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum

Granuloma annular (GA) and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) are disorders characterized by granulomatous inflammation and degenerative changes in collagen and elastic fibers. Because these disorders have often been described as being associated with altered extracellular matrix deposition, we studied the in situ expression of interstitial collagenase, 92-kDa gelatinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1. Twelve lesions each of GA and NLD of different histopathologic types and durations were examined. Interstitial collagenase mRNA was seen in histiocyte-like cells in one-third of the cases of both diseases, typically in younger lesions. In GA, collagenase mRNA was only detected in lesions of the palisading type. Signal for 92-kDa gelatinase mRNA was observed in eosinophils, which were present in low numbers in five of 12 GA and three of 12 NLD samples. The signal for this enzyme and the presence of eosinophils did not correlate with the age of lesion. TIMP-1 mRNA was consistently expressed by histiocyte-like cells in both disorders. In GA, TIMP-1 mRNA was detected at the outer edge of the palisading granulomas, but in NLD, inhibitor expression was seen in the perivascular and periadnexal accumulation of inflammatory cells. Our data indicate that collagenase and TIMP are expressed early in these disorders and that these proteins may contribute to stromal remodeling associated with necrobiotic lesions. Our results further indicate that the localization of TIMP-1 production may provide a distinction between the two disorders, whereas metalloproteinase expression is not sufficiently specific to aid in the differential diagnosis of GA and NLD.

Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor: Report of a Case involving Preoperative Aspiration Cytology and Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Analysis of Surgical Specimens

A typical case of plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor (Enzinger and Zhang) occurring in the skin and subcutis of the abdominal wall in a 7-year-old girl is reported. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed a benign lesion with fibroblastic-histiocytic features which also contained bi- and multinucleated giant cells. The surgical specimen showed a tumor with multiple small nodules within fibrous septa; these nodules were composed of spindle cells and epithelioid cells and contained scattered multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. The tumor cells showed ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of myofibroblasts and histiocyte-like cells. Thus, there was an abundance of lysosomes, prominent filopodia and bundles of thin cytofilaments along the cytoplasmic border, as well as immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth-muscle-specific actin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Ultrastructurally there were tumor cells exhibiting features of histiocytes which also contained bundles of actin of smooth muscle type. The presented case of plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor appears to be composed of a rather peculiar cell form, somewhere between myofibroblasts and histiocytes.

上顎悪性線維性組織球腫の電子顕微鏡学的研究

Rare varieties of malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring in the maxilla are reported in this study.We observed 3 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma by light-and electron-mlcroscopy and examined the histiogenesis.Fibroblast-like cells, histiocyte-like cells, primitive mesenchymal cells, multinucleated giant cells and xanthomatous nucleated giant cells and xanthomatous histiocytes were recognized, and it was suggested that these tumors might be of primitive mesenchymal cell origin. When the clinical course is relatively good, myxoid type and giant cell type were shown and a number of fine granular materials were found in the stroma and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis in favour of a myofibroblastic lesion

Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour is a recently described, seemingly benign neoplasm of superficial soft tissue which is poorly recognized and the differentiation pattern of which remains obscure. Fourteen new cases are presented here. These presented predominantly in the upper limb of infants and children, although the age-range was wide. A morphological spectrum depending on the relative proportions of the spindle cellular and nodular histiocyte-like components was evident. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity of tumour cells in both components for smooth muscle actin, suggestive of myofibroblastic differentiation, as was borne out ultrastructurally in two cases. In addition, a minority of the histiocyte-like cells were also CD68 positive but negative for leucocyte common antigen, HLA-DR, Mac387 and lysozyme. In view of the ultrastructural and other immunohistochemical results, this is regarded as further evidence that the CD68 epitope recognized by KP-1 is not confined to cells of monocyte/macrophage or myeloid lineage. Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour appears to be a clinicopathologically distinctive myofibroblastic neoplasm which may warrant reclassification in due course.

Nail Changes in Histiocytosis X

To the Editor.— Nail changes in histiocytosis X were first described by Bender and Holtzman 1 in 1948. Holzberg et al, 2 in 1985, reported that nail dystrophy was due to the same atypical cells that cause specific cutaneous lesions. Nail changes can be observed in both fingernails and toenails and consist of longitudinal grooving 3 ; purpuric striae 4,5 ; hyperkeratosis 2,6 ; subungual pustules 6,7 ; thickening, deformation, and pitting of the nail plate 1 ; onycholysis; and perionyxis. 2,6 Some authors 2,6 have suggested that evolution of onychodystrophy parallels the disease and indicates a poor prognosis; other authors 1,7,8 do not agree. We describe a patient with histiocytosis X and persistent and progressive destruction of the fingernail plates (Fig 1) proved to be due to CD1 + histiocytelike cells. Report of a Case.— A 31-year-old man was diagnosed wtih diabetes insipidus and progressive hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in 1979. He underwent treatment with vasopressin