Hispanic Community Health Study Research Articles

Hypertension Prevalence among Hispanics/Latinos of Dominican Background: A Transnational Comparison of HCHS/SOL and ENPREFAR-HAS-17.

Hispanics/Latinos of Dominican background living in United States (US) have the highest hypertension prevalence compared with other Hispanic/Latino persons. To understand cardiovascular health among Dominicans, we evaluated hypertension prevalence and risk factors among Dominicans from the US and Dominican Republic (DR) using data from Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos [HCHS/SOL] and the Prevalencia de Hipertension Arterial y Factores de Riesgo Cardiovasculares en la República Dominicana al 2017 (ENPREFAR-HAS 17) study. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, self-reported hypertension, or antihypertensive use. Exposures included sociodemographic/socioeconomic, clinical, and lifestyle/behavioral characteristics. Weighted generalized linear models were used to estimate associations between study characteristics and hypertension prevalence (PR = prevalence ratio), age-and-sex adjusted. HCHS/SOL (n = 1,473, US Dominicans; mean age 41 years, 60.4% female) was analyzed with survey procedures, while ENPREFAR-HAS 17 (n = 2,015 DR Dominicans; mean age 40 years, 50.3% female) was analyzed with statistical analyses for simple random sampling. Hypertension prevalence was 30.5% and 26.9% for DR and US Dominicans, respectively. Hypertension control was low in both cohorts (36.0% DR, 35.0% US). Alcohol use among DR Dominicans was inversely associated with hypertension prevalence (PRDR = 0.8) with no association among US Dominicans. In both settings, diabetes (PRDR = 1.4; PRUS = 1.4) and obesity (PRDR = 1.8; PRUS = 2.0) were associated with greater hypertension prevalence in Hispanics/Latinos of Dominican background. Physical activity was lower among US Dominicans (PR = 0.80) but higher among DR Dominicans (PR = 1.16); all p < 0.05. Variations in social, lifestyle/behavioral, and clinical characteristics associated with hypertension among Dominicans in the US and DR were identified, suggesting that social context and cultural factors matter among immigrant populations.

Associations of POPs with diabetes in women by acculturation level: the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Associations of POPs with diabetes in women by acculturation level: the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Social Network Size and Severe Tooth Loss among Persons With Diabetes: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Aims: The aims of this study were to examine the association of social network size with severe tooth loss and the number of missing teeth among Hispanic adults with diabetes in the United States and to assess whether the association varied by glycemic control. Methods: Data obtained from 1,007 adults who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study were analyzed. Structural social support was measured with the Social Network Index (SNI), which assessed network size and frequency of social contacts. Tooth loss was measured by a count of the number of missing teeth and categorically as severe tooth loss (<9 remaining teeth). Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to examine the sample characteristics. Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were performed to examine the independent association between SNI and tooth loss and to test whether the association was modified by the glycemic target. Results: The prevalence of severe tooth loss was 5.91%. For each one-unit increase in SNI, the expected log count of the number of missing teeth was reduced by 3.3% (p-value: 0.037). Conclusions: In this study, a larger social network size was associated with fewer missing teeth among Hispanic persons living with diabetes. Further examination of social support and oral health is warranted.

Hearing Loss and Reduced Income Growth: A Longitudinal Socioeconomic Analysis.

Hearing loss (HL) has been linked to negative socioeconomic states, including low income. This study examines the relationship between HL and income growth. Longitudinal observational study. Multicentered US epidemiologic study (Hispanic Community Health Study, HCHS). Using data from 2 waves of the HCHS, we analyzed the association between HL and income growth in adults ages 18 to 74 years using generalized estimating equations. The exposure was HL, measured by 4-frequency pure-tone average (PTA). The outcome was yearly household income growth, with income graded on a 10-bracket scale from <$10,000 to >$100,000. Models controlled for demographics, hearing aid use, and vascular risk. A total of 1342 participants met inclusion criteria. At visit 1, average age was 47.6 years (SD = 12.2), and average PTA was 13.9 decibels (dB, SD = 9.5). Average follow-up was 5.9 years (SD = 0.6). There was a significant time × HL interaction: with each 10 dB worsening in HL, the odds of belonging to a higher versus a lower income bracket changed by a factor of 0.979 (P < .001) between waves 1 and 2. In other words, the odds of belonging to a higher income group decreased with worsening HL. At 38.6 dB, the odds for income growth became <1, indicating income loss rather than growth. Increased HL is associated with reduced income growth, including the possibility of negative growth (ie, income decline). This study emphasizes the value of including socioeconomic measures in randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of HL treatment and the importance of extended follow-up for study participants.

National Cohort Data Suggests an Association Between Serious Mental Illness and Audiometric Hearing Loss.

To explore whether there is an association between serious mental illness (SMI) and hearing loss (HL) among USHispanic adults. Cross-sectional epidemiological study (Hispanic Community Health Study), including multicentered USvolunteers. Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to study the association between SMI and HL. Adjustments were made for potential confounders including age, sex, education, vascular disease (hypertension or diabetes mellitus), and cognition. SMI was defined by (1) antipsychotic medication classification and (2) the use of at least 1 antipsychotic medication specifically used to treat SMI in clinical psychiatric practice. HL was measured by pure tone audiometry. A total of 7581 subjects had complete data. The mean age was 55.2 years (SD = 7.5 years) and the mean pure tone average in the better ear was 16.8 dB (SD = 10.7 dB). A total of 194 (2.6%) subjects were taking a HCHS-defined antipsychotic and 98 (1.3%) were taking at least 1 antipsychotic specifically used to treat SMI. On multivariable regression, use of HCHS's classified antipsychotics was associated with 3.75 dB worse hearing (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.36-5.13, P < .001) and use of antipsychotics specific for SMI was associated with 4.49 dB worse hearing (95% CI = 2.56-6.43, P < .001) compared to those not using antipsychotics. SMI, as defined by either the use of HCHS-defined antipsychotics or the use of antipsychotic medication specific for SMI, is associated with worse hearing, controlling for potential confounders. Whether SMI contributes to HL, antipsychotic medication (through ototoxicity) contributes to HL, or whether HL contributes to SMI is unknown and warrants further investigation.

Abstract 57: Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in US Hispanics/Latinos

Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a precursor of heart failure (HF), but its relationship with gut dysbiosis and microbial-related metabolites remains unclear. Hypothesis: Alerted gut microbiota composition is associated with LVDD and blood metabolites, which can be used as indicators of gut dysbiosis. Methods: This study included up to 1996 adults (mean age: 59.4 years; 67.1% female; 45.9% with prevalent LVDD) from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos with echocardiography assessments, gut microbiota (512 bacteria species), and blood metabolome (669 metabolites) data. Cross-sectional associations of gut bacteria with prevalent LVDD and metabolites, and prospective associations of microbial-associated metabolites with incident LVDD were assessed. Results: Seven bacterial species were associated with LVDD (FDR-q &lt;0.1), with inverse associations found for Intestinimonas_massiliensis , Clostridium_phoceensis, and Bacteroide_coprocola , and positive associations for Gardnerella_vaginali , Acidaminococcus_fermentans, Pseudomonas_aeruginosa and Necropsobacter_massiliensis . A total of 220 metabolites were found to be associated with identified bacteria (FDR-q &lt;0.1), with 46 associated with prevalent LVDD (FDR-q &lt;0.1). Of note, 21 metabolites were associated with incident LVDD over a median 4.3 years of follow-up, including many known microbial metabolites (e.g., indolepropionate, 3b-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid and glycohyocholate). The use of these metabolites significantly improved the prediction of incident LVDD, outperforming models only with traditional risk factors (AUC=0.73 vs. 0.70, p=0.001). Metabolite-based proxy association analyses revealed potential prospective associations between 3 gut bacteria species (e.g., I.massilliensis and C.phoceensis ) and incident LVDD. Conclusion: Our study found gut bacteria and bacteria-associated metabolites linked to LVDD, suggesting their potential roles in this preclinical HF entity.

Associations Between Self-Reported Visual and Hearing Functioning and Cognitive Function Among Hispanics/Latino: Hispanic Community Health Study.

To investigate the associations between self-reported visual functioning (VF) and hearing functioning with cognition in the Hispanic/Latino population. We utilized data from the Miami Ocular Study of Latinos ancillary study to Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos with 1,056 participants aged 45 and older. The outcomes were cognitive performances assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Word Fluency, Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test-recall (B-SEVLT recall), words recalled over 3 trials, and the Six-Item Screener. VF was measured by National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), and hearing function was measured by Hearing Handicap Inventory Screening Questionnaire for Adults and Elderly (HHIA/E-S). Multiple regressions were performed for each cognitive outcome while controlling for covariates and complex sampling design. NEI-VFQ was associated with 3 of the 5 cognitive outcomes. A 4-point NEI-VFQ score difference was associated with a 0.56-point difference in DSST (standard error [SE] = 0.27, p < .001), 0.17 in Word fluency (SE = 0.16, p < .01), and 0.08 in B-SEVLT-recall (SE = 0.07, p < .01). HHIA/E-S was not associated with any of the cognitive measures examined. These data suggest that impaired VF is associated with worse cognition in the Hispanic/Latino population. Although previous work in this cohort indicated hearing loss assessed by pure tone audiometry was associated with worse cognition, we found self-perceived hearing function was not associated with cognition, suggesting the potential limitation of self-reported hearing function as a proxy for hearing loss in epidemiological research in Hispanic/Latino populations. Results also imply impaired VF and hearing function may be linked to cognition differently in the Hispanic population, and more research is needed to better understand the underlying linking mechanisms. Visual and hearing impairments are common and treatable and represent important modifiable risk factors that can be treated to preserve cognitive function in Hispanics/Latinos.

Diabetes and MRI Infarction in the Hispanic Community Health Study, Study of Latinos

Diabetes and MRI Infarction in the Hispanic Community Health Study, Study of Latinos

Immigrant Parent Legal Status and Children's Health in the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).

We assess how immigrant parent legal status shapes children's physical and mental health. Using the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latino Youth-a multi-site dataset-we evaluated mean differences in multiple physical and mental health indicators and parents' and children's stress and resilience by parents' (primarily mothers') legal status (N = 1177). We estimated regression models of two overall child health outcomes-allostatic load and any internalized disorder. Average allostatic load was 28% higher (0.36 standard deviations) and average prevalence of any internalizing disorder was 16% points greater for children of foreign-born unauthorized versus US-born parents. Higher levels of socioeconomic and acculturative stress contributed to children of foreign-born unauthorized parents' heightened health risk, while resilience factors-parental health and familial support-protected their health. Children with unauthorized immigrant parents experience both negative physical and mental health outcomes that can have potential long-term costs.

METABOLIC SYNDROME, LIFESTYLE FACTORS, AND SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING IN US HISPANICS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MID LIFE

Abstract US Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately susceptible to metabolic syndrome (MetS), attributed in part to health and lifestyle factors such as low physical activity levels, diet quality, alcohol use, tobacco use, and sleep-disordered breathing. The risk of MetS and MetS-related complications increases with age. We examined the relationships between select health and lifestyle factors and MetS among Hispanic gender-heritage subgroups and determined whether gender and heritage moderate those relationships. Participants included 14,155 Hispanic Americans aged 18–76 (59% women, mean age 45.92 ± 13.97) from seven heritage subgroups. This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the observational Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos dataset used multinomial logistic regression and Hayes’ PROCESS macro to test these relationships; the dependent variable, MetS, included four categories delineating MetS and related medication use. Results include low physical activity (p&amp;lt; .001) and sleep-disordered breathing (p&amp;lt; .001) were associated with the MetS with medication use group. High alcohol use decreased the probability of being in this group (p&amp;lt; .001). Cigarette pack years were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Gender moderated the association between MetS and diet quality (p&amp;lt; .001), alcohol use (p&amp;lt; .001), cigarette pack-years (p&amp;lt; .001), and sleep-disordered breathing (p&amp;lt; .001). Low physical activity and sleep-disordered breathing was significantly associated with MetS group membership, whereas low and high alcohol use were associated with decreased MetS risk. Gender-heritage differences were prominent in each of the study variables. Midlife may be an important target for prevention and intervention; other considerations for aging will be discussed.

Associations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with diabetes in women from the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Associations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with diabetes in women from the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Day-of-the-Week and Time-of-the-Day Patterns of Sedentary Behavior in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Existing sedentary behavior interventions have largely achieved mixed results. Conventionally, interventions have attempted to reduce sedentary behavior using a full-day approach. An alternative strategy may be to target specific periods during the day and/or week. This study examined the day-of-the-week (Monday to Sunday) and time-of-the-day patterns (3-and 6-h periods) of sedentary behavior among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos adults. Participants ( n = 12,241) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a multisite community-based prospective cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults, were studied. Sedentary behavior was assessed for 1 wk using a hip-mounted accelerometer through total sedentary time, sedentary time in bouts ≥60 min, and total number of sedentary breaks. The temporal patterns of sedentary behavior metrics were evaluated using linear mixed effect models accounting for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos complex survey design. There were statistically significant variations in temporal patterns across day-of-the-week and time-of-the-day periods for all three metrics ( P < 0.001). Adults were more sedentary on weekends than on weekdays and most sedentary on Sundays. The time-of-the-day patterns had a U-curve pattern wherein adults were most sedentary late at night, became less sedentary throughout the day, reached peak activeness around noon, then gradually became more sedentary into the evening. These patterns were largely robust across seasonality and most sociodemographic characteristics, including age, employment status, work shift schedule, acculturation, and field center. Our findings suggest that early mornings, evenings, and weekends were the more sedentary periods in this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults, characterized by higher volumes of sedentary time, higher volumes of time in prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer number of sedentary breaks than other time periods, highlighting important windows of opportunity to reduce sedentary behavior.

Mental health is related to metabolic syndrome: The Hispanic community health study/ study of Latinos

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with common mental health conditions. Using cross-sectional data from the observational Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), this study examined the relationship between MetS and depression and anxiety in addition to testing moderating effects of gender and Hispanic heritage subgroups. MethodsParticipants included 13,496 Hispanic Americans aged 18–74 (59% women, mean age 46.59 ± 13.65) from seven heritage subgroups. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10-item scale, and anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 10-item scale. A 3-level categorical variable was developed to assess the combined influence of depression and anxiety. The dependent variable is dichotomous, delineating the presence or absence of MetS as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel. Logistic regression and Hayes’ PROCESS macro assessed these relationships and the moderating effects of gender-heritage subgroups. ResultsResults suggest depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001) were associated with an increased likelihood of MetS. Puerto Ricans had the highest, and South Americans had the lowest, levels of depression and anxiety. Gender moderated the relationship between mental health and MetS, with women having a significant increase in the probability of MetS with depression (p < .001), anxiety (p < .001), or both (p < .001). ConclusionElevated symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with the presence of MetS in US Hispanic subgroups. Gender-heritage differences are present among the study variables. Strategies to manage psychological well-being must be employed to optimize cardiometabolic health in US Hispanics.

Abstract MP69: Day-of-the-Week and Time-of-the-Day Temporal Patterns of Sedentary Behavior Among Hispanic / Latino Adults: Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos

Objectives: Existing sedentary behavior interventions have largely achieved modest results. Conventionally, interventions have attempted to reduce sedentary time using a full-day approach. An alternative strategy is to target specific periods when sedentary behavior is most prevalent. However, little is known when sedentary time is most likely to occur in adults. This study examined the day-of-the-week and time-of-the-day patterns of sedentary behavior among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: Participants (n=12,241) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multi-site prospective cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults, were studied. Sedentary time was measured for one week using a hip-mounted accelerometer. Three sedentary metrics were quantified: total sedentary time, sedentary time in bouts ≥ 60 minutes, and number of sedentary breaks. Results: Temporal patterns across days of the week were statistically significant for all three sedentary metrics (Figure, Panels A-C, p &lt; .001). Total sedentary time decreased from 719±2 mins/d on Mondays to 710±3 mins/d on Fridays the lowest and increased over weekends with Sundays (733±3 mins/d) the highest. Temporal patterns across 3-h periods of the day were statistically significant for all sedentary metrics (Figure, Panels D-F, p &lt; .001). Time-of-the-day patterns had a U-curve pattern wherein adults were most sedentary late at night, became less sedentary throughout the day, reached peak activeness around noon, then became more sedentary into the evening. Day-of-the-week and time-of-the-day patterns were robust across age, employment, work shift, and acculturation subgroups. Conclusions: Mornings, evenings, and weekends were the most sedentary periods in this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults, characterized by higher volumes of sedentary time, more prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer sedentary breaks. These time periods should be considered as important windows for behavioral interventions targeting sedentary behavior.

Abstract 32: Physical Activity Fragmentation and Mortality in Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SoL)

Background: Physical activity (PA) fragmentation, an emerging concept of PA patterns, indicates the frequency of transitioning from an active to a sedentary state. Whether PA fragmentation provides prognostic information beyond conventional PA measures is unclear, especially in Hispanics/Latinos. Aim: To examine the association between PA fragmentation and mortality in Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: We included 9,856 participants (mean age 41.7 [SE 0.27] years; 52.1% women) from HCHS/SOL with baseline PA evaluation from an Actical accelerometer (≥3 days with ≥10 hr/day of wear). We defined sedentary as &lt;10 counts/min and active as ≥10 counts/min. PA fragmentation was calculated using the active-to-sedentary transition probability (ASTP), defined as the reciprocal of the average active bout duration on a minute-level basis across valid days. We used daily mean total log activity counts (TLAC) as a measure of total PA volume. We modeled the residuals of ASTP regressed on TLAC (total-PA-adjusted ASTP) to investigate ASTP independently of total PA. Deaths were identified from annual follow-up contacts until December 31, 2018. We explored multivariable Cox regression models accounting for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: There were 242 deaths (2.5%) over a mean of 7.1 years. ASTP was associated with mortality in all models ( Table ). Each 0.10-unit increase of ASTP at baseline was associated with a 38% higher mortality risk after accounting for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Similarly, the highest ASTP tertile indicated a 2-times greater risk of death compared to the lowest tertile. The results were largely similar when we modeled using total-PA-adjusted ASTP. Higher TLAC was also associated with reduced mortality. Similar results were observed after excluding early deaths (first 2 years). Conclusion: PA fragmentation was robustly associated with mortality, independent of total PA volume. Our findings support PA fragmentation as an emerging novel measure that is informative beyond total PA.

Abstract P196: Metabolomic Associations With Cardiac Function and Incident Heart Failure in Multi-Ethnic Populations

Introduction: Measures of cardiac structure and function provide important diagnostic and prognostic information for heart failure (HF). Few studies have assessed the associations of circulating metabolites with cardiac structure and function. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that circulating metabolites that reflect aging process are associated with cardiac structure and function measures and incident HF. Methods: Participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study visit 5 and the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) study visit 1 who had serum metabolite measures but not prevalent HF were included. Linear regressions were used to examine the associations of metabolites with ten cardiac structure and function variables adjusting for clinical risk factors in each race and study strata, followed by random-effect meta-analyses. The Cox regression was applied to examine the relationship between those identified metabolites and incident HF post visit 5 in ARIC. Results: Among 589 analyzed metabolites, 179 were associated with cardiac structure or function measures in 706 Blacks, 3,358 Whites, and 1,380 Hispanics (FDR &lt; 0.05). Forty-one metabolites were related to two or more measures, where 22 were associated with incident HF (308 HF cases, p&lt;0.05, Figure). Metabolites were more associated with cardiac size or diastolic function compared to systolic function measures, i.e., C-glycosyltryptophan, an amino acid that is strongly correlated with age, was positively associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left atrial volume index(LVAI), as well as an increased risk of HF (HR=1.48); and dodecadienoate (12:2), a dicarboxylate that may have anti-aging property, was negatively associated with LVMI and LVAI, as well as a decreased risk of HF (HR=0.84). Conclusions: We identified multiple metabolites associated with cardiac structure and function measures in multi-ethnic populations, highlighting metabolic pathways in aging and their impact on HF.

Association Between Hearing Loss and Multiple Negative Emotional States in the USHispanic Population.

Hearing loss (HL) has been linked to commonly studied detrimental mood states, such as loneliness and depression. However, its relationship with other negative emotions remained largely unstudied. We explore the association between HL and anxiety, anger, hostility, poor self-esteem, and pessimism in a national cohort of USHispanic adults. Cross-sectional study. Multicentered USnational epidemiologic study (Hispanic Community Health Study). Subjects were ages 18 to 75 with completed audiometric and emotional survey data. Multivariable regressions controlling for age, gender, and education were conducted to analyze the association between HL, measured by 4-frequency pure-tone average (PTA), and emotional states. States included anxiety (Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale-10), anger (Spielberger Trait Anger Scale), hostility (Cook Medley Cynicism Scale-13),poor self-esteem (Self-Esteem Scale-10), and pessimism (Revised Life Orientation Test). A total of 4120 to 4341 participants met inclusion criteria, depending on the specific survey; the average age was 46.7 years (standard deviation [SD] = 13.7), and the average PTA was 13.8 dB (SD = 10.1). Controlling for age, gender, and education, HL was associated with all outcomes. Specifically, for every 10 dB worsening in HL, the anxiety score worsened by 0.41 (0.23-0.60), the anger score worsened by 0.40 (0.22-0.58), the hostility score worsened by 0.16 (0.04-0.27), the self-esteem score worsened by 0.25 (0.12-0.38), and the pessimism score worsened by 0.17 (0.04-0.30) (all p < .01). HL is related to numerous negative mood states beyond loneliness and depression. This includes worse anxiety, anger, hostility, self-esteem, and pessimism. Future studies should investigate whether treating HL improves negative emotional states.

Sex Hormones and Diabetes in 45- to 74-year-old Men and Postmenopausal Women: The Hispanic Community Health Study.

Previous studies demonstrated associations of endogenous sex hormones with diabetes. Less is known about their dynamic relationship with diabetes progression through different stages of the disease, independence of associations, and role of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. The purpose of this analysis was to examine relationships of endogenous sex hormones with incident diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes traits in 693 postmenopausal women and 1015 men aged 45 to 74 years without diabetes at baseline participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and followed for 6 years. Baseline hormones included estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and, in men, testosterone and bioavailable testosterone. Associations were analyzed using multivariable Poisson and linear regressions. In men, testosterone was inversely associated with conversion from prediabetes to diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for 1 SD increase in testosterone: 0.821; 95% CI, 0.676, 0.997; P = 0.046), but not conversion from normoglycemia to prediabetes. Estradiol was positively associated with increase in fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. In women, SHBG was inversely associated with change in glycosylated hemoglobin, postload glucose, and conversion from prediabetes to diabetes (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44, 0.86, P = 0.005) but not from normoglycemia to prediabetes. Relationships with other hormones varied across glycemic measures. Stronger associations of testosterone and SHBG with transition from prediabetes to diabetes than from normoglycemic to prediabetes suggest they are operative at later stages of diabetes development. Biologic pathways by which sex hormones affect glucose homeostasis await future studies.

Prevalence of electronic cigarette use and its determinants in us persons of Hispanic/Latino background: The Hispanic community health study / study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and determinants of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). MethodsCross-sectional data collected between the years 2015–2017 were analyzed to assess ENDS use (ever (current: use ≤ past 30 days; former: use > past 30 days) and never) among 11,623 adults (mean age 47 years±0.3 years; 52% women). Weighted prevalence estimates were reported, and age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic and clinical exposures with ENDS use. ResultsThe prevalence of current and former ENDS use was 2.0% and 10.4%, respectively. Having ever used ENDS was associated with prevalent coronary artery disease. Current ENDS use was higher in males and associated with higher education, English language preference, and Puerto Rican background compared with nonsmokers and cigarette-only smokers (all p<0.05). ConclusionsHispanic/Latino individuals who are young adults, male, US-born, and have high acculturation were more likely to report current ENDS use. These findings could inform preventive and regulatory interventions targeted to Hispanics/Latinos.

Abstract 12294: Gut Microbial Features Associated With Sedentary Time But Not Physical Activity: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Introduction: Modest experimental and human evidence implicate a role for physical activity or sedentary lifestyle in the perturbation of the gut microbiome, yet large human studies are lacking. Methods: This study included 1846 US Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes aged 23-82 years (mean age 48 years, 49% women) with gut microbiome data by shotgun sequencing of stools and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time from the HCHS/SOL population based cohort (2014-2017). We examined associations of MVPA and sedentary time with gut microbial features - Bray-Curtis dissimilarity by PERMANOVA, and alpha diversity and centered log ratio transformed relative abundance of species and KEGG pathway modules by a linear regression accounting for the complex survey design. Results: Prolonged sedentary time was associated with higher Shannon index (0.03 per 1 hr of sedentary time, SE=0.02, P=0.077) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (R 2 =0.32%, P&lt;0.001), adjusting for age and sex, but MVPA showed no association. Among 197 species with at least 0.01% average relative abundance, sedentary time was positively associated with 30 species including 8 Bacteroides species, Alistipes putredinis and finegoldii , and inversely with 19 species including 7 Prevotella species, Roseburia faecis , and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (FDR &lt;.1, Figure), whereas no species was associated with MVPA. A KEGG pathway module analysis suggested elevated methane metabolism, bacterial secretion, and carbon fixation with higher sedentary time (P&lt;.05) but none after FDR correction (all FDR&gt;.1). Positive associations were observed between MVPA with D-glucuronate degradation and semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway (gluconate → glycerate-3P, found in halophilic euryachaea and Clostridium species) (P&lt;.05 but FDR&gt;.1). Conclusions: We observed a perturbed overall gut microbiome and relative abundance of species with sedentary time.