Hispanic American Historical Review Research Articles

Reflections on the Hispanic American Historical Review

Reflections on the Hispanic American Historical Review

Reflections on the Hispanic American Historical Review

The University of Arizona editorship of the Hispanic American Historical Review terminates with this issue as the journal now passes into new editorial hands. This traditional changing of the guard affords me the opportunity to reflect briefly on the field to which we all belong and to indulge in a fleeting retrospective view of that exotic academic microcosm in which I have found myself during the last five years. When the Board of Editors accepted the University of Arizona bid and invited me to assume the Managing Editorship in December of 1974, I was somewhat cognizant of the responsibility I was about to assume but, in spite of the many hours of invaluable discussions with my predecessor, Stanley Ross, I did not comprehend fully the magnitude of the task nor the learning process that was about to ensue. At the suggestion of Professor Ross, I began by visiting Duke University to confer with the publishers and spend some time with a former Managing Editor, Professor John Tate Lanning. In a memorable late afternoon conversation in Professor Lanning's library office I learned of some of the problems he had encountered in the journal's more tender years. Without a full contingent of staff, without the security of a fixed budget, without released time, and with a university commitment that must be considered tenuous at best, he was able to keep the journal afloat during the difficult period between 1939 and 1944. His biggest problem was to find a sufficient number of high quality articles to fill the succeeding numbers published under his editorship. He recounted that during one particular dearth in 1940 he placed long distance calls to Arthur P. Whitaker, William Spence Robertson, Herbert Eugene Bolton, and J. Fred Rippy asking if any of them had anything they could possibly send. Whitaker had just finished a piece on Jose Silvestre Rebello, Brazil's first diplomatic representative to the United States, and promised to send it off the next day. The August 1940 issue was then complete.

Critique of Frederick M. Nunn’s “Professional Militarism in Twentieth-Century Peru: Historical and Theoretical Background to the Golpe de Estado of 1968”*

Frederick Nunn's Professional Militarism in Twentieth-Century Peru: Historical and Theoretical Background to the Golpe de Estado of which appeared in the August 1979 issue of the Hispanic American Historical Review, represents a search for the long-term origins of the Peruvian military ideology which governed Peru's policymaking after the 1968 coup. Nunn argues that the essence of Peruvian military ideology derived from several decades of indoctrination of officers by French military missions between 1896 and 1940. Peruvian officers exposed to this training came to be convinced that they had a social and modernizing role to play in their government and that they were capable of civilizing Peru. Many of the post-1968 regime's seemingly contradictory policies, Nunn argues, can be explained as a function of this ideology, the historical roots of which have been overlooked by most analysts of the regime. The following is a short description of the government's major policies, a brief summary of other major writings about the regime, and a critique of Nunn's main arguments. On October 3, 1968, a handful of officers deposed Peru's discredited but constitutionally elected president, Fernando Belaiinde, and hastily organized a military government with generals at every cabinet post. During the next few years the Peruvian government embarked upon a series of remakable reforms including the expropriation of the vast sugar complexes of northern Peru, a workers' profit sharing program borrowed loosely from Yugoslavia, a code of regulations strictly governing the behavior of foreign investors, plans to mobilize the masses for some sort of institutional participation, and an international foreign

On Scholarly Dialogue: The Case of U.S. and Soviet Latin Americanists

The Publication in 1960 of I. R. Lavretskii's “A Survey of the Hispanic American Historical Review, 1956-1958,” provided U.S. specialists in Latin American history with an abrasive introduction to recent Soviet historical scholarship in the Latin American area. Subsequent reviews by American and European scholars, together with further translations of pertinent Soviet writings, have helped to provide those lacking a knowledge of the Russian language with additional insight into the nature and scope of Latin American studies in the USSR. At the same time, however, the frequently opposing views of history held by Soviet historians and their western critics have greatly complicated the task of scholarly evaluation. On the one hand, Soviet historical scholarship has often been dismissed as “a branch of politics;” on the other, U.S. historians are said to “falsify and distort the historical truth in order to benefit imperialism.” In content and presentation, the Lavretskii article evinces both extremes.

Samuel Gompers, Anti-Imperialist

SHistorians have tended to neglect role of Gompers and of organized labor in anti-imperialist Julius Pratt, in Business and SpanishAmerican War, Hispanic American Historical Review, XIV (1934), 163-201, surveyed business attitudes toward expansion but ignored those of labor. pattern was followed by Fred Harvey Harrington who, in Literary Aspects of American AntiImperialism, 1898-1902, New England Quarterly, X (1937), 650-667, made no mention of Gompers' contribution as editor of American Federationist, then country's most important trade union journal. In The Anti-Imperialist Movement in United States, 1898-1900, Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXII (1935), 219, Harrington conceded that labor deserves at least passing mention, although he believed that trade union contribution to anti-imperialist cause was slight. This opinion is shared by Robert Beisner in his recent study, Twelve Against Empire: Anti-Imperialists, 1898-1900 (New York, 1968), xii. Neither Beisner nor Harrington, however, cites labor sources to justify such a conclusion. Gompers and labor are omitted from E. Berkeley Tompkins' Scylla and Charybdis: Anti-Imperialist Dilemma in Election of 1900, Pacific Historical Review, XXXVI (1967), 143-161, and merely alluded to in his The Old Guard: A Study of Anti-Imperialist Leadership, Historian, XXX (1968), 366-388. Richard E. Welch, Jr., in Motives and Policy Objectives of Anti-Imperialists, 1898, Mid-America, LI (1969), 119-129, provides a select list of fifty representative antiimperialists who illustrate the diversity of movement. name of Gompers fails to appear. None of these scholars seems to have consulted readily accessible trade union sources.

EUROPEAN MUSIC IN 16th-CENTURY GUATEMALA

T HE honor of having been the first to give Guatemala an entry in a history of music to 1600 belongs to Gustave Reese, who at page 593 of Music in the Renaissance (1954) mentioned Fernando = Hernando Franco's having worked there before becoming maestro de capilla at Mexico City in 1575.1 In the decade since 1954, both Franco's peninsular origins and his Guatemalan connections have been sufficiently clarified to double the size of the Grove's Dictionary, fifth edition (III, 480) article on him. In the August 1946 issue of Hispanic American Historical Review (XXVI/3, p. 313), Lota Spell broke ground so far as Franco's biography is concerned. Her article, Music in the Cathedral of Mexico in the Sixteenth Century, adduced data from the Mexican Archivo General de la Naci6n to show that both he and Lazaro del Alamo,2 his predecessor at Mexico City Cathedral, came to the New World on the invitation of Dr. Matheo Arevalo Sedefio, professor of canon law at the University of Mexico 1554-1572, rector in 1575, and sometime oidor in Guatemala.'

A Survey of the Hispanic American Historical Review, 1956-1958

* I. R. Lavretskii, Obzor 'Ispano-amerikanskogo zhurnala' za 1956-1958 gody, Voprosy istorii [Problems of History] (December 1959), No. 12, pp. 94107. Translated by J. Gregory Oswald. The translation was reviewed by Professor Matthew Smith of the Slavoiiic Languages Department of the University of Texas. (Ed.) ** Among the publications of Professor Lavretskii are the following: Katolicheskoe dukhovenstvo v Ispanskoi Amerike; 16-18 vekov [The Catholic Clergy in Spanish America; 16th-18th centuries], Voprosy istorii [Problems of History] (December 1955), No. 21, pp. 101-112; Krizis v katolicheskom mirb [Crisis in the Catholic World], Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma [Problems of the History of Religion and Atheism] (1956), No. 4, pp. 55-87; M. S. Al'perovich, V. I. Ermolaev, I. R. Lavretskii, and S. I. Semenov, Ob osvoboditel'noi voine ispanskikh kolonii v Amerike; 1810-1826 [The Liberation War of Spanish Colonies in America; 1810-1826], Voprosy istorii [Problems of History] (November 1956), No. 11, pp. 3-16; Vatikan: religiia, financy i politika [The Vatican: Religion, Finances and Politics] (Moscow, 1957), 333 pp.; Reaktsionnaia rol' klerikalizina v sovremennoi istorii Italii [The Reactionary Role of Clericalismll in Contemiiporary Italian History], Voprosy istorii [Problems of History] (April 1957), No. 4, pp. 167-174; Katolicheskaia tserkov' i gosudarstvo v Latinskoi Amerike [The Catholic Church and the State in Latin America], Voprosy istori religii i ateizma [Problems in the History of Religion and Atheism] (1958), No. 5, pp. 114-151; 'Nekotorye voprosy politiki Vatikana v Afrike [Some Problems of the Vatican's Policy in Africa], ibid. (1958), No. 6, pp. 105-129; Simon Bolivar (Moscow, 1958), 100 pp.; Obzor literatury po istorii Portugalii [A Survey of Literature on the History of Portugal], Voprosy istorii [Problems of History] (June 1958), No. 6, pp. 212-219; 'Chto proiskhodit v neftianom El 'dorado [What is Happening in the Oil Eldorado], Novoe vermia [New Times] (October 1958), No. 42, pp. 6-8; Zubok, IJ. I., Imperialisticheskaia politika SShA v stranakh Karaibskogo basseina; 1900-1939 [The Imperialist Policy of the United States in the Caribbean Area; 1900-1939] (Moscowv, 1948), 518 pp. Reviewed by I. R. Lavretskii in Bol'shevik (September 1949), XXV, No. 9, pp. 66-72. 1 The Hispanic American Historical Review. Published quarterly by the Duke University Press. Vols. XXXVI-XXXVIII. 1956-1958. Durham, North Carolina.

A Survey of the Hispanic American Historical Review, 1956-1958

A Survey of the Hispanic American Historical Review, 1956-1958

A Soviet Criticism of the Hispanic American Historical Review

A Soviet Criticism of the Hispanic American Historical Review

A Soviet Criticism of the Hispanic American Historical Review

S OVIET SCHOLARS are busily rewrriting the history of the world. If Khrushchev's general directives given to U.S.S.R. historians at the XXI Congress of the Soviet Communist Party are to be taken seriously, these scholars will be even busier fulfilling demands of the 1959-1965 Seven Year Plan. Naturally their greatest effort, as projected in a series of articles in Voprosy istorii [Problems of History], November 1958, will be expended on the historical problems of the U.S.S.R. and peoples of the Soviet camnp; but where Communist political and economic influence expands, so widens the scope of Soviet historical writing. This observation is based upon the declared intention of the Soviet Union to rally the un-committed areas of the world-including Latin America-to the acceptance of Soviet-style socialism. One of the mieanis employed in this campaign is Soviet interpretation of the history of these areas. hIistory, in the Soviet tradition, is a branch of politics; hence Mr. Khrushchev's admonitions to Soviet historians to explain the past of the underdeveloped nations in Soviet Marxist terms. To appreciate this purpose in Soviet historiography, one must realize that the study of history in the Soviet IUnion has more political tlhani scholarly significance. hIistory is written to emphasize the truths of Marxist-Leninist teaching on one hand, and to justify the larger goals of Communist Party policy on the other. Soviet historiography also reflects the viewpoint of Party leaders on a particuilar problem at a given time.

Guide to the Hispanic American Historical Review. 1946-1955

Guide to the Hispanic American Historical Review. 1946-1955

Mexico's Rural Radio

MARVIN ALISKY is an assistant professor of Radio-Television and Journalism and news director of Radio-Television Service at Indiana University. Mr. Alisky has previously published articles on Latin-American broadcasting in the Quill, Nieman Reports, Inter-American Economic Affairs, Journal of the AERT, Hispanic American Historical Review, and Journalism Quarterly. The following article is based on the author's personal research into Mexican broadcasting from 1947 to 1953, including inspection trips to eighty different radio stations in various parts of Mexico.

A Glimpse of the Goa Archives

This article is primarily intended as a “follow-up” of two previous ones on the historical records of Portuguese India, thus serving to remind historians of the importance of these documents. The articles to which I refer are “A preliminary report on the historical records at Goa”, by Surendra Nath Sen (88 pp., Calcutta, 1925, reprinted in his Studies in Indian History (1930)), and “Portuguese India and its historical records”, by the late J. LeRoy Christian (Hispanic-American Historical Review, vol. xxv, pp. 140–151, February, 1945). These two articles are all that I have been able to find in English about the Goa archives, and they are complemented by the recently published “Roteiro do Cartório Geral do Estado da India”, by Panduranga Pissurlencar, reprinted from No. 309 of the Boletim Geral das Colónias (Lisboa, 1951). This fourteen-page summary catalogue of the Goa archives by their scholarly director advantageously replaces the ostensibly fuller “Index alfabetico, chronologico e remissive”, published serially by Tovar de Albuquerque in the Oriente Portuguez (first series, 1910–1918), which is so riddled with mistakes, and compiled with such lack of system, as to be worse than useless as a guide to the material in the archives. In so far as possible, I have avoided repeating what is already recorded in the previous articles of Nath Sen and LeRoy Christian, confining myself to amplifying or correcting their statements where necessary. I have also limited myself to describing the codices which I studied during my stay at Goa in September–October, 1951. As will be seen from a comparison of the codices described hereunder with those listed in Dr. Pissurlencar's Roteiro, I was only able to study a relatively small proportion of the whole; nor was a thorough examination of all of those which I did see possible in the month at my disposal. Since virtually everything dated prior to 1600 which still exists in the archives has already been published by Cunha Rivara and others, I confined my own investigations to the period 1600–1740, the later date being taken as marking the end of effective Portuguese power in India with the loss of the “provincia do Norte” to the Marāthās after the disastrous if hard-fought Bassein campaign of 1737–1739. My own interests being chiefly concerned with the Far East, I naturally concentrated on Macao and Timor; but I trust that I have noted sufficient material dealing with East Africa, the Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon, and Malacca, to show the variety and richness of this little-used archive. It may be added that much of the material relating to India proper has been printed in the two series of the Archivo Portuguez Oriental, in the two series of O Oriente Portuguez, and in the Boletim do Institute Vasco da Gama, as explained in the final note to this article.

Guide to The Hispanic American Historical Review, 1918-1945.

Guide to The Hispanic American Historical Review, 1918-1945.

Discussion of Lesley Byrd Simpson, "Thirty Years of the Hispanic American Historical Review"; and Charles C. Griffin, "Economic and Social Aspects of the Era of Spanish-American Independence"

Discussion of Lesley Byrd Simpson, "Thirty Years of the Hispanic American Historical Review"; and Charles C. Griffin, "Economic and Social Aspects of the Era of Spanish-American Independence"

Discussion of Lesley Byrd Simpson, “Thirty Years of The Hispanic American Historical Review”; and Charles C. Griffin, “Economic and Social Aspects of the Era of Spanish-American Independence”

Discussion of Lesley Byrd Simpson, “Thirty Years of The Hispanic American Historical Review”; and Charles C. Griffin, “Economic and Social Aspects of the Era of Spanish-American Independence”

Thirty Years of The Hispanic American Historical Review

The purpose of the piece of res.earch which I have undertaken-in a spirit, I hope, of scientific objectivity-is to determine the aims, methods, and scope of a group of scholars working in the general field of Latin-American history. I have used as my primary material the complete file of THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, in the belief that a professional journal of the maturity of this one should provide us with a fair sample of the activities and dominant interests of such scholars. As a by-product of my investigation I expect to be able to point out certain important lacunae to which I think some attention should be given in our future researches, and I shall offer some suggestions for the training of the younger scholars who must carry on our work when we shall have achieved the two customary pages of obituary notices contributed by our sorrowing colleag,ues. To give my paper a solid foundation in the realities I have made a quantitative analysis of the contents of the HISPANIC. I am quite aware of the weakness of such an approach, having, indeed, tilted at it off and on in the pages of this same journal. In this instance, however, I believe it gives a fairly just index of the major trends of interest in the field for the past thirty years. With this purpose in mind I have compiled three statistical tables: (1) a table of the distribution of materials according to time interest; (2) one according to territorial interest; and (3) one according to subject interest. A fourth section is taken up with my principal concern: book reviews and criticism. In the three tables I have included only the leading articles and documentary pieces, the latter being, in effect, short articles. I have not included the Notes and Comment department, which is in general devoted to ephemeral matters of no great weight. Exclusive, then, of bibliographical articles and book reviews,

Thirty Years of the Hispanic American Historical Review

Thirty Years of the Hispanic American Historical Review

A Style Sheet for The Hispanic American Historical Review

A Style Sheet for The Hispanic American Historical Review