Historical Study Research Articles

Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS 2005 Study.

Parameningeal (PM) site is an unfavorable characteristic in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We described the treatment and outcome for patients with PM RMS and investigated the prognostic value of risk factors. We scored PM site by originating site and by highest risk extension. Patients with PM RMS were treated within the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS 2005 study with risk-adapted, multi-modal treatment. Three-hundred-eighty-one patients with PM RMS were included. Radiotherapy was administered in 359 patients (77 with surgery). After a median follow-up of 75 months, 5-year event-free survival was 60% (95% confidence interval (CI) 55%-65%), 5-year overall survival was 65% (95% CI 60%-70%). The outcome for patients with PM RMS has not improved in comparison to previous historical studies, despite the more rigorous application of radiotherapy (94% of patients). Signs of meningeal involvement, PM site, and age at diagnosis remained prognostic risk factors. EudraCT number 2005-000217-35.

The Association Between Elevated Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Prolonged Length of Stay Among Adult Diabetic Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: A Large Historical Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypothyroidism are two of the most common endocrine disorders in clinical practice. Hospital length of stay (LOS) is a quality metric of the health systems. We evaluated the association between elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and prolonged LOS among all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with DM admitted to our Internal Medicine departments between 2014 and 2022. Methods: Data on patient characteristics, LOS, and in-hospital mortality were collected. A TSH level > 4.7 μIU/mL was considered as being elevated. A LOS > 75th percentile and in-hospital mortality were defined as being prolonged. Univariate and multivariable analyses were applied, and propensity score matching controlled for differences between patients with normal and those with elevated TSH levels. Results: Of the 19,066 study participants (median age 75.6 years, IQR 75.9–83.3), 1524 (7.9%) had elevated TSH levels, and prolonged LOS was significantly more common among them (before matching: 38.6% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001; after matching: 38.7% vs. 32.6%, p = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, elevated TSH levels were also associated with prolonged LOS (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.39, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Elevated TSH levels in diabetic patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine departments are associated with prolonged LOS, emphasizing the importance of identifying hypothyroidism among them.

Evaluation of a youth-focused suicide prevention HOPE aftercare service: protocol for a non-randomized hybrid effectiveness-implementation type I design.

Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 worldwide. Young people often present to emergency departments (EDs) with self-harm and suicide-related behaviors. The period following discharge from the ED is recognized as one of elevated risk for both repeated self-harm and suicide. During this critical time, suicide prevention aftercare services are recommended. Despite their increased popularity, evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of these models is very limited. Using a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type I design, this evaluation will assess the effectiveness and implementation of a suicide prevention aftercare (Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement; HOPE) service designed to reduce risk of self-harm and suicide in young people aged 12-25 who are referred to the service following an ED presentation for self-harm or suicide attempt. Two complementing theoretical frameworks will guide this evaluation, specifically the design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of results. The RE-AIM evaluation framework will be used to assess Reach, Effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness), Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance of the HOPE aftercare service. The PRISM implementation framework will be used to assess multi-level contextual factors hypothesized to affect the RE-AIM outcomes. Several data sources will be used to assess the changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to post-intervention, and at follow-up, including user and provider self-report surveys, semi-structured interviews, and routinely collected hospital data. An historical control study will also be conducted using data from the Self-Harm Monitoring System for Victoria to examine the impact of the service on rates of self-harm and suicide-related presentations to ED, and compare trends prior to and following commencement of the HOPE aftercare service. In addition, dynamic systems modelling will be used to assess the future scalability of the service. Findings from this evaluation will determine the effectiveness, including cost-effectiveness, of the HOPE aftercare service and describe the implementation context. They will inform the future development and sustainability of this and other similar services across Australia and internationally. This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on the19th December 2023 (Registration number ACTRN12623001332617). We do not foresee any amendments to this protocol however, if any unforeseen modifications are required, they will be submitted to ANZCTR. Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.

The modality of historical thinking in the latest Greek primary school curriculum and the new challenges in history education

AbstractThis paper refers to the concept of ‘historical thinking’ as it appears in the three versions of the recent Greek History Curriculum for primary school. It is a comparative study of the discourse of the three versions of the recent history curriculum for primary school. The methodological approach of this study was founded on Critical Discourse Analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and context of this term as presented in the three versions of the history curriculum and to compare the findings of the study with corresponding references in the international literature regarding the terms of ‘historical thinking’. This study demonstrated that this term is not the same in all three versions of the curriculum. In the first version of the curriculum the term ‘historical thinking’ is mentioned autonomously and we also separately identify the term ‘critical thinking’, while in the second and third versions a synthesis of the term is observed, which eventually becomes ‘critical historical thinking’. As a result of this observation, the use of the terms is critically and comparatively studied. The main conclusion is that the term ‘critical historical study’ refers much more to the development of general skills and competences with cognitive characteristics and much less to the critical understanding of the historical past. Furthermore, the conclusions of this study suggest a perspective for historical thinking in contemporary curricula with new challenges such as the relationship of historical education with artificial intelligence and children's representations.

Rehabilitation of the Monastery of São João de Cabanas, Afife, Viana do Castelo

The former Monastery of São João de Cabanas stands on the south bank of the river Cabanas in the parish of Afife, municipality of Viana do Castelo (Portugal). It was founded in the Middle Ages, although the current building is the product of a reconstruction a fundamentis begun in 1725. Following the dissolution of the Portuguese monasteries it became private property and in the twentieth century it was the home of the poet and ethnographer Pedro Homem de Mello. It was classified as a Public Interest Building in 1997. The aim of the rehabilitation project was to restore the site with a view to its adaptation to a program of tourist accommodation linked to gastronomy and catering, and as a venue for events. The restoration design and works were guided by a historical study and an architectural and constructional characterization of the building along with archaeological studies and a thorough analysis of the building pathology. A knowledge of the building’s characteristics was vital to a project that was intended to be informed and holistic, with the use of traditional building details, materials and techniques, assuring the maintenance of the site’s distinctive qualities and heritage values.

Sonographic and Disease Activity Findings Related With Medication Change in JIA: A Historical Cohort Study.

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is increasingly used to evaluate pediatric inflammatory arthritis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between MSUS findings with medication modifications in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and clinical disease activity measurements (clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score [cJADAS-10], active joint count [AJC], patient/parent global assessment [PPGA], and physician global assessment [PGA]). Data from patients with JIA who underwent a 12-joint (bilateral second and third metacarpophalangeal, wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle) MSUS examination during a 57-month period were collected. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: a medication change group and a control group (patients without medication change). A pediatric-specific MSUS scoring system was used to assess MSUS findings. The association between clinical and MSUS findings was examined for the study groups. A total of 38 patients, 23 in the medication change group and 15 in the control group were included. The medication change group had higher AJC, PGA, and cJADAS-10. These patients also had a statistically significant presence of abnormal knee MSUS findings. For other joints, the frequency of abnormal MSUS findings was slightly higher in patients with a medication change, but the difference was not statistically significant. No strong correlation was observed between MSUS findings and clinical disease activity measurements. Abnormal MSUS findings were not observed to be higher in patients with a change in medication except for the involvement of the knee joint. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the role of MSUS in the medical decision-making process in JIA.

Post-9/11 Analysis of Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations (2001-2021)

In the post-9/11 era, Pakistan and Afghanistan share a closely interconnected geopolitical relationship characterized by a mutual prosperity that not only affects the well-being of their populations but also significantly influences regional and global developments. This study employs historical analysis and case studies to examine the bilateral interactions between Pakistan and Afghanistan in the political, security, and economic spheres since the events of 9/11. It finds that their relationship has long remained at a subdued level. The core thesis of this research is that border disputes, terrorism, strategic mistrust, issues with refugees and narcotics, and Indian interference are the principal barriers preventing an improvement in their bilateral ties. Strategic suspicions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have accumulated over many years. The return to power of the Afghan Taliban has once again made terrorism a major impediment in their relationship. In the short term, it remains unlikely that there will be any fundamental change in their bilateral relations.

Integrating Modern Design and Sustainability in Healthcare Architecture: A Comparative Case Study of Sri Lanka's National Nephrology Hospital and the UK's NHS New Hospital Programme

Hospital architecture has evolved significantly, influenced by advancements in medical science, technology, and societal needs. This paper examines the historical progression of hospital architecture, highlighting modern trends such as patient-centred design, modular construction, sustainability, and digital integration. It emphasizes the relevance of these trends to Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), focusing on the China-Sri Lanka Friendship National Nephrology Hospital (NNSH) in Polonnaruwa. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing historical data, literature reviews, and case studies from developed and developing countries, primarily focusing on the NNSH and the UK's NHS New Hospital Programme (NHP).The NNSH exemplifies innovative hospital design, incorporating energy-saving technologies, climate-responsive features, and disaster resilience. It functions as a community hub, promoting health education and outreach. Insights from the NHP emphasize the integration of digital solutions, standardized designs, and sustainable practices, which are pivotal for enhancing healthcare infrastructure in LMICs.Strategic recommendations address challenges such as cost constraints, infrastructure gaps, and technical expertise in LMICs, including digital transformation, net-zero carbon strategies, green practices, and adherence to standardized guidelines. This comparative study underscores the importance of adaptable and sustainable hospital architecture in improving healthcare delivery and outcomes in Sri Lanka and other LMICs.

New Diagnoses of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background/Objective Little is known about the rates of rheumatic disease diagnosis among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the United States. Methods We performed a historical cohort study using US commercial insurance data (2016–2021) to identify children aged <18 years without prior JIA diagnosis or treatment in the prior ≥12 months. New JIA diagnoses were identified using a combination of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, location, and timing of medical services. Crude rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of JIA diagnosis per 100,000 enrolled children per quarter were estimated and stratified by age group, sex, region, JIA type, and uveitis. The incidence rate ratio (95% CI) for JIA diagnosis was estimated using Poisson regression, adjusted for various demographic variables. Results From 2018–2021, 643 children were diagnosed with JIA. Crude new JIA diagnoses per 100,000 children per quarter dropped from 2.62 (95% CI, 2.39–2.87) prepandemic to 1.94 (95% CI, 1.66–2.25) during the pandemic. Declines in JIA diagnosis were more apparent in the US Northeast and West regions and among children aged 6–11 years. After adjustment for covariates, JIA diagnoses fell by 30% during the pandemic compared with the prior 3 years (IRR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59–0.83). Conclusions Compared with the prepandemic period, JIA was diagnosed 30% less often during the early pandemic among commercially insured children in the United States. More research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for these changes in JIA diagnosis and more recent trends.

Freedom of Association in Peru

Abstract This research develops the analysis concerning the right or freedom of association in Peru. Its recognition in the Peruvian Constitutions from a historical analysis up to the current case-law from the Peruvian Constitutional Court. We will focus particularly on the analysis of the constitutionally protected content of the freedom and on some cases that have been of special interest in Peruvian legal debates. Freedom of association is recognized as a fundamental right in Peru, and its content and elements have been studied in depth by the Constitutional Court and by academic opinion. The analysis of this freedom in the Peruvian constitutional law has a long history, and its historical study allows us to understand its actual content.

A History of Cesarean Birth as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Hemorrhage Even After Successful Planned Vaginal Birth.

It is unclear if a history of cesarean birth (CB) is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) even after a successful planned vaginal birth. A historical retrospective cohort study from all deliveries (42,456) between 2004 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) women with only one previous CB; (ii) liveborn cephalic singleton pregnancy and term spontaneous labor; (iii) successful planned vaginal birth; (iv) no operative vaginal delivery; and (v) no history of PPH. Women who experienced intrapartum uterine rupture leading to CB were excluded. Those who experienced uterine rupture diagnosed after vaginal birth were not excluded. The labor after cesarean (LAC) group (109 women with previous CB and current vaginal birth) were compared with 2 control groups to consider the parity: control group 1 (1633 nulliparous women) and control group 2 (4197 parous women). The main outcome was the rate of PPH (> 500 mL). Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether previous CB was an independent risk factor for PPH. Bivariate analysis and causal framework was used to determine the relation between variables of clinical interest. The PPH rates in the LAC group, control group 1, and control group 2 were 12.8%, 5.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. Irrespective of the group control (1 or 2), a history of CB was associated with an increased risk of PPH: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.38 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-4.44] (adjusted with maternal age, overweight, hyperthermia, and use of oxytocin) and aOR 2.16 [95% CI 1.20-3.87] (adjusted with maternal age and overweight) for Groups 1 (parous) and 2 (nulliparous), respectively. A history of cesarean birthcould be a risk factor for PPH even after successful planned vaginal delivery.

CTNI-42. A BIOMARKER-GUIDED PHASE 2 STUDY OF DB107-RRV (A RETROVIRAL REPLICATING VECTOR) COMBINED WITH DB107-FC (FLUCYTOSINE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS) IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA OR ANAPLASTIC ASTROCYTOMA: A CLINICAL PROTOCOL

Abstract INTRODUCTION Despite significant advances in understanding the basic pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the median survival of patients has minimally changed in the past 25 years with a 5-year survival rate of <7%. Because of the dismal prognosis, attention has shifted to alternative adjuvant treatment modalities including gene/viral-based therapy. The first clinically tested replicating retroviral vector DB107-RRV (vocimagene amiretrorepvec, formerly Toca511) was assessed in a randomized Phase 3 study (NCT02414165) to evaluate the intracranial administration of DB107-RRV with subsequent oral administration of DB107-FC (5-fluocytosine extended-release tablets) in patients with recurrent HGG. Although the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS) in the intent-to-treat population was not met (median OS=11.07 months, DB107-RRV+ DB107-FC arm and 12.22 months for the SOC arm (HR=1.06; 95% CI:[0.83, 1.35], p=0.6154)), post-hoc analysis identified a subgroup of patients (responders) who demonstrated a marked survival benefit from the Phase III clinical trial (Toca 5, NCT02414165). Using a non-invasive genotyping pipeline, a novel biomarker, DGM7, was identified among responders that confers an improved prognosis: (DB107-RRV+DB107-FC is 18.3 months vs. 12.0 months in the SOC group (HR=0.50; 95% CI:[0.28, 0.89], p= 0.0167)). DGM7 is present in the blood of approximately 20-30% of HGG patients. METHODS This is a Phase 2, single-site, open-label, single-arm study to assess the oral administration of DB107-FC in combination with DB107-RRV in DGM7+ patients with recurrent/progressive HGG. Key inclusion criteria include presence of the DGM7 biomarker in blood, patient age 18–75 with histologically proven, measurable (MRI) recurrent/progressive HGG, and no radiation therapy for at least 12 weeks without histopathologic/MRI progression confirmation. The primary endpoint of this study will be progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and OS of DB107-RRV+DB107-FC in DGM7+ patients with recurrent/progressive HGG compared to the historical study arm SOC/DGM7+ from NCT02414165.

The "Right Kinds of Nurses": Centering LPNs in the Nursing Labor Force.

The nursing profession is currently grappling with an ongoing nursing shortage illuminated during the COVID-19 pandemic. While this burgeoning health and environmental crisis exacerbated this workforce issue, it did not create it. This study seeks to expand the idea of "who is a nurse" by arguing for the use of Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) as safe, credentialed persons in the nursing workforce. Archival research using primary and secondary sources highlights the history of the LPN movement. Historical case studies of LPN schools show how LPNs enhanced not only the quantity but also the quality of nursing practice. Case studies also reveal successful collaborations between nurses, communities, and hospitals to enhance the nursing workforce and community well-being. Aspects of this study were either approved by or deemed not human subjects research by institutional review boards. The increased emphasis on the registered nurse in the mid-20th century led to the marginalization of LPNs. Yet, history has revealed that collaborations that enhance diversity in the workforce and improve health-care access for patients, without compromising quality of care, can be formed by engaging LPNs. LPNs must be respected as consistent contributors to the country's health-care workforce. As the AACN commits to diversifying nursing, it is significant that LPNs have added to a more diverse, inclusive nursing labor force. For LPNs who wish to advance their nursing education, pathway programs must be supported-thus increasing diversity in the professional and advanced practice workforce.

Genetic relationship between Kaili and Pamona languages: a historical comparative linguistics study

Genetic relationship between Kaili and Pamona languages: a historical comparative linguistics study

The Meaning of Zhousong: The Zhous Propaganda and Tradition

Abstract: Zhousong (, the Hymns of the Zhou) is an important part of Shijing, with 31 poems in the compilation, and these poems were played in the Zhous ancestral temple for ritual purposes. The character Song () has a structure that can be interpreted as a man praising with a gesture of respect, so it has acquired the meaning of countenance. Thats why Zhousong means the countenance of the Zhou. The kings of the Zhou used Zhousong as propaganda that magnified the virtue of themselves, for they claimed to receive mandate from High Heaven because of their virtues. That propaganda not only played an important role in the Zhous rule, but also gradually became a tradition in Chinese culture after the Zhou Dynasty with the transmission and re-interpretations of Zhousong. Thus, Zhousong, which can be regarded as a part of Cultural Memory of China, has left a profound impact on Chinese civilization. How people interpret Zhousong and the historical studies of Zhousong today is related to the understanding of Chinese civilization.

Treatment sequences and survival outcomes in advanced HR + HER2- breast cancer patients: a real-world cohort.

Palliative treatment options for HR + HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients have increased, but data is lacking about the optimal treatment sequence. We used real-world data from a comprehensive cancer center to describe applied treatment sequences and we determined treatment-related and survival outcomes. Patients aged 18 years and older with HR + HER2- ABC treated with systemic treatment were included in this historic cohort study. Sequential treatment schedules, time to treatment discontinuation, time to chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS) were determined, stratified by first-line treatment. 202 patients were included. They received a total of 650 treatment lines (median 3; range: 1-11). 91 (45%), 25 (12%), 24 (12%), 28 (14%), 22 (11%) and 12 (6%) patients started first-line treatment with non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAI), NSAI + cyclin dependent kinase 4/6-inhibitors (CDK4/6i), fulvestrant + CDK4/6i, tamoxifen, chemotherapy and other treatment, respectively. 10, 13, and 14 different treatment regimens were given in first, second and third-line, respectively. Of the patients who started first-line NSAI monotherapy (n = 91), 3 (3%) died before receiving second-line treatment. In this real-world cohort, we observed a wide variety of different treatment sequences applied in daily clinical practice, some of which were in discordance with the current guidelines. Fear that patients may never get around to treatment with CDK4/6i if a patient did not start with a CDK4/6i was not supported by our study results.

A Previously Overlooked Life of Jesus by Martha Louisa ‘Lily’ Watson (1885)

Abstract This article provides an overview and analysis of a previously overlooked nineteenth-century Life of Jesus by Martha Louisa ‘Lily’ Watson. It takes as its starting point metacriticism as a vital task of present scholarship on the historical Jesus of Nazareth – in particular, the contributions of women and other scholars on the margins. This study provides a biographical overview of Watson and analyses the sources, methods, and historical approach she takes in her portrayal of Jesus, while also paying attention to some of the pitfalls of her study. Ultimately, engagement with Watson’s work is generative for new avenues of inquiry in historical Jesus studies such as (a) the need for an assessment of the nineteenth-century Lives of Jesus often ignored by scholarship, (b) nineteenth-century conceptions of non-canonical material and its relevance for the historical Jesus, (c) the rationalization of demonic possession over the unquestioning acceptance of Jesus’ other miracles, (d) the prevalence of anti-Jewish portrayals of Jesus, (d) and the use of rabbinic sources to reconstruct Jesus’ Jewish context.

The Dynamics of Kikuyu-Kalenjin Ethno-Political Relationships: The Run-up to 2013 Elections in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

2007 Post Election Violence (PEV). Surprisingly, in the following immediate national elections held in 2013, the two major protagonist ethnics; the Kikuyu and Kalenjin, previously embroiled in the political violence of 2007, came together in a new political coalition in the fight for the position of president and vice president. The elections witnessed the political elite skillfully harness their cultural institutions to achieve political power. The main concern of this study, therefore, was to establish the role played by certain cultural aspects of ethnicity in restructuring the political engagements between the Kikuyu and Kalenjin in Uasin Gishu in the run-up to the 2013 elections. To this end, the study employed the lens of instrumentalist and primordial theories while employing the historical method with a duality of an interpretivism philosophical underpinning and a qualitative approach. Primary data was analysed thematically and corroborated with secondary data. The study posits that some cultural aspects of both the Kalenjin and Kikuyu were instrumentalised by the political elite in Uasin Gishu to coalesce their people for political expediency. By the use of the same reverse logic, the study advocates the use of traditional African cultural structures to inculcate peace and political tolerance among the residents of Uasin Gishu as this historical study has proved possible.

«National historiographies» on the history of Russia in the 16th–18th centuries, published in the Hungarian journal «RussianStudiesHu»

In 2021 and 2022, review articles on the latest international historiography on the history of Russia in the 16th-18th centuries were published in the Hungarian online scientific journal on historical Russian studies RussianStudiesHu. The journal issues also introduce readers to new research by Russian historians, but in this article I will primarily focus on the current state of Russian studies about the 16th-18th centuries in Central, Eastern and Western Europe and the United States. In review articles on the history of Russia from 1462-1689, historians from Hungary, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the United States, as well as French-speaking scholars, call this period of Russian history the "late medieval", "pre-modern" or "early modern" era. Some researchers argue that until the mid-17th century, Muscovy had little in common with European states. And based on review articles of international historiography, it can be established that the central figures of the historiography of the 18th century in almost every country are Peter I and Catherine II, and there is still no consensus regarding the periodization of Russian history in the 18th century.

In vino veritas? My Sentimental Journey into Russian Art

Abstract The focus of this memoir is on the state of Soviet art historical studies, especially during the 1960s–70s, and on the scholars, critics and collectors who, in spite of untoward circumstances, made essential contributions to the rediscovery of the Russian avant-garde, among them Nikolai Khardzhiev. The memoir also describes what it was like to be a Western postgraduate student (with a special interest in the poetry of Aleksandr Blok and Symbolism) at Moscow State University and the conflicts between ubiquitous Party propaganda and individual academic enquiry, especially into the then mysterious areas of scholarship such as Formalism and Modernism. Mention is also made of the more guarded sources of information such as the spetsfondy at the Lenin Library and the zapasniki at the State Tretyakov Gallery and the State Russian Museum which, in those days, were difficult to access and largely unfamiliar. The memoir offers a particular appreciation of the activities of collectors Khardzhiev and Georgii Kostaki, and scholars Evgenii Kovtun, Alla Povelikhina and Dmitrii Sarab’ianov.