Hip Powder Research Articles

Rose Hips, a Valuable Source of Antioxidants to Improve Gingerbread Characteristics.

The present study analyzes the complex of bioactive compounds from rose hips pulp powder (RHP) obtained after separating the seeds from Rosa canina L. in order to obtain the oil. The extract prepared from RHP was characterized in terms of the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, cinnamic acids, flavonols, carotenoids, but also the content of individual polyphenols and carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and CIELab color parameters. The effects of some salts, potentially present in foods, and pH variations were examined to predict possible interactions that could occur when adding rosehip pulp as a food component. The results turned out to be a high content of polyphenols, carotenoids and antioxidant activity. The main phenolic components are procyanidin B1, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, gallic acid, salicylic acid, and catechin. The carotenoid complex includes all-trans-β-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, zeaxanthin, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, cis-β-carotene, cis-γ-carotene and cis-lycopene. The addition of CaCl2 and NaCl to the RHP extract reduced the antioxidant activity and the strong acidic environment (pH to 2.5) decreased the antioxidant activity by 29%. The addition of rose hip powder to gingerbread has improved its general characteristics, and increased its antioxidant activity and microbiological stability, the effects of 4% RHP being the most important.

Effect of wild rose hip fruit powder on consumer properties of biscuit

This article presents the results of the effect of the dry powder of wild rose hips on the consumer properties of biscuit, in which the premium wheat flour was replaced with oat flour and, in turn, part of the oat flour - 5, 10 and 15% of the powder, are presented. Studies have shown that the addition of plant powder does not have a strong effect on changes in physicochemical parameters, however, organoleptic parameters do change. In the sample with an additive content of 5%, crumbs were wetter than others, and cracks appeared on the surface during baking. For all samples, without exception, the porosity indicator is slightly below the norm, which is associated with the replacement of wheat flour of the highest grade of oatmeal, rich in dietary fiber. With an increase in the proportion of the introduced powder of rosehip fruit, the mass fraction of moisture in the samples decreases. This can be explained by the fact that the content of the main ingredient – oatmeal, rich in dietary fibers that retain moisture – is reduced by replacing it with rosehip fruit powder. Alkalinity in all model samples is 0.3 deg. The introduced ingredients the assertiveness of biscuits does not strongly affect, but, nevertheless, this figure is lower (60-61.5%) than that of biscuits baked from wheat flour of the highest grade (about 75-80%). According to the results of the research it is recommended to use dry rose hip powder in an amount of 10% by weight of flour. Examination of samples for the establishment of expiration dates showed that the process of staling proceeds rather slowly, and the recommended shelf life of the finished product is 96 hours.

Moisture content analysis of metal powders using oven desorption followed by Karl Fischer titration

In this paper, we use Oven Desorption followed by Karl Fischer Titration (KF), to measure moisture content in metal powder. In a PBF-LB Hastelloy X powder, from a newly opened container, we found 28.8 ppm (or µg/g). In a stored PBF-EB powder we found 13.7 ppm. In a stored HIP powder we found 6.7 ppm. This method heats a powder sample inside a hermetically closed vial, in an oven. At the same time an inert gas flow enters, flushes out the desorbed water and exits the vial, via a double hollow needle. The gas–water mixture that exits is directed to the Karl Fischer Titration, where the desorbed moisture is quantified. Included is also a comparison with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a climate chamber moisturization experiment of a PBF-LB HX powder followed by KF analysis. After the moisturization and KF analysis, the same powder was characterized in terms of oxygen content.

Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Profile of Rose Hip: A Review.

The fruit of genus Rosa, known as "rose hip", is frequently used in different traditional medicines. Rose hips have long been used to treat kidney stones, gastroenteric ailments, hypertension and respiratory problems such as bronchitis, cough and cold. This review is focused on the ethnopharmacological uses of rose hip as well as phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. Ethno-medical uses of rose hip have been recorded in many countries since a long time. Approximately, 129 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from rose hip. This fruit contains some major active components such as flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, fatty oil, organic acids and inorganic compounds. Scientific studies have suggested a wide range of pharmacological activities for rose hip including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, antiaging, anti H. pylori, neuroprotective and antinociceptive activities. In particular, the rose hip powder and extract have been reported to exert therapeutic effects on arthritis. Some of the ethnomedical indications of rose hip, such as nephroprotective and gastroproetctive actions, have been confirmed by preclinical pharmacological studies. Additional investigations on the pharmacological effects of rose hip as well as evidence from randomized controlled trials are essential to assess the therapeutic value of this natural product.

The role of rose hip (Rosa canina L) powder in alleviating arthritis pain and inflammation – part II animal and human studies

The role of rose hip (Rosa canina L) powder in alleviating arthritis pain and inflammation – part II animal and human studies

Sintering and properties of MIM M2 high speed steel produced by prealloy and master alloy routes

The advantages of powder metallurgical processing of tool steels have been recognized for many years with water atomized [1] powder being used in press & sinter valve seat parts for many years and gas atomized tool steel powders consolidated by HIP used in high performance applications [2] . While coarse HIP powder grades dominate high volume tool steel markets, the advent of fine powder gas atomization has enabled the use of MIM for the production of an increasing number of industrial components where hardness and wear resistance is required. Examples include hand- and power-tool components, pump impellers and textile machinery. Tool steels typically have carbon content in the range 0.5–1.5% and heat treatment cycles are carefully controlled to achieve the optimum distribution of matrix carbides to deliver required wear performance.

Effect of storage time and temperature on stability of bioactive compounds in aseptically packed beverages prepared from rose hips and sea buckthorn berries

Rose hips and sea buckthorn berries contain high amounts of beneficial bioactive compounds. In this study the content and stability of natural vitamins and antioxidants were investigated in two fruit beverages made from rose hip powder, sea buckthorn berry purée and white grape juice concentrate, and wheat germ oil in one of the beverages. Beverages were formulated, pasteurised and filled aseptically in Tetra Brik packages and stored up to 35 days at 4 °C or 22 °C. Samples were analysed for the content of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, major phenolics, tocochromanols, total phenols and total antioxidant capacity as ferric reducing ability. The largest changes occurred during the first 5 days of storage, thereafter mainly ascorbic acid decreased. In the wheat germ oil supplemented beverage, α-tocopherol was more rapidly degraded. Negative correlations between the decrease of some carotenoids and tocochromanols, and the increase of some phenolics, suggest relationships of redox reactions specific to the amount of oil supplemented. From the present study we can conclude that additions of oil to beverages should be carefully selected to avoid oxidations of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, packaging of the beverages should be carried out at higher temperatures and thereafter it should be stored at low temperatures (4 °C), which decreased oxidation of all bioactive compounds except ascorbic acid.

Rose hip powder made from a subspecies of Rosa canina (containing seeds and shells) reduces symptoms of osteoarthritis and the need for pain killers

Rose hip powder made from a subspecies of Rosa canina (containing seeds and shells) reduces symptoms of osteoarthritis and the need for pain killers

Ameliorative effects of green tea seed extract with rose hip powder (Rosa canina L.) on regulation of pain and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced experimental osteoarthritis

In this study, we investigated the relationship between anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the combined ameliorating effects of rose hip powder (RHP) and green tea seed extract (GTSE) in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) animal model. We confirmed the individual effects of RHP (500 mg/kg bw) and GTSE (50 mg/kg bw) in the OA model. Treatment with the mixture of RHP and GTSE (Mix) resulted in significantly enhanced stance and propulsion times compared to treatment with RHP or GTSE alone. To examine the combined effects of RHP and GTSE in vivo, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured. The administration of Mix significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were attenuated to a greater extent after the administration of Mix compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of RHP, GTSE, and Mix on articular cartilage damage using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in OA in rats. After three weeks of treatment, we observed that the administration of RHP, GTSE, and Mix protected against bone destruction and reduced the number of erosion lacunae, but there was no statistical difference among RHP, GTSE, and Mix. Although additional research is warranted, our results suggest that the biological effects of GTSE were enhanced by RHP supplementation to include anti-inflammatory effects, with the potential ability of offering a benefit to OA patients.

A novel rose hip preparation with enhanced anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects.

Rose hip powder (RHP) alleviates osteoarthritis (OA) due to its anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective properties. Substances contained in RHP might contribute to its clinical efficacy. The activity of two RHP (i.e., RH-A, from the whole fruit, RH-B, from fruits without seeds) was investigated in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and primary chondrocytes (NHAC-kn). RH-A and RH-B diminished the secretion of chemokines and cytokines in LPS/IFN-γ-activated PBL, including CCL5/RANTES, CXCL10/IP-10, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-12. Most effects were transcriptional, since gene expression levels were significantly influenced by RH-A and RH-B. In IL-1β treated normal chondrocytes (NHAC-kn), both RH preparations reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4. These changes are associated with diminished inflammatory damage or cartilage erosion. Principal component analysis revealed that (1) RH-A and RH-B modified a large pattern of biomarkers, and (2) RH-B outperformed RH-A. Furthermore, RH-B contained more chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory constituents than RH-A. Thus, RHP contributed to restore cellular homeostasis in PBL and chondrocytes. RH preparations from fruits without seeds are thus expected to have an improved OA-preventive or OA-therapeutic profile, as subsequently shown in a related clinical trial.

Evaluation of Inclusions in P/M Superalloy

The non-metallic inclusions in master alloy, P/M superalloy and HIP powder billet were studied in this paper. The results show that the amount of inclusions in master alloy is higher than that of the superalloy powers. The EB-button analysis shows that the main non-metallic inclusions in both the master alloy and the HIP powder billet is Al2O3.The amount of the inclusion in master alloy is about 0.166cm2/kg and the size of most inclusions is in the range of 100μm to 200μm, while the maximum inclusion size reaches 400μm.In the P/M superalloy billet, the content of inclusion is only 0.01cm2/kg and the size of most inclusions is less than 50 μm.

Rose Hip Powder That Contains the Natural Amount of Shells and Seeds Alleviates Pain in Osteoarthritis of the Dominant Hand—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial

Aim: A standardized preparation of seeds and shells of selected sub-species of Rosa canina L, trade name Hyben Vital, reduces discomfort from osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. This study aims to investigate the impact of the same rose-hip powder (RHP) on discomfort and the consumption of rescue medication, in patients with osteoarthritis of the hand. Methods: The double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial included 30 patients with osteoarthritis of the dominant hand. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either five gram encapsulated RHP or placebo, for three months (Phase 1), after which they switched to the corresponding treatment for a further three months period (Phase 2). Before entering the study, after 3 weeks and following three months of each of the study phases, scores for pain, stiffness and general feeling of discomfort were evaluated using a 10 step categorical scale, focusing on 16 different daily activities of the hand. The consumption of rescue medication was also calculated at the beginning and at the end of each study phase. Data are based on the intention to treat. Results: At the end of Phase 1, 90% of patients in the group receiving RHP first (group A), showed a reduction in pain, as compared to 36% in the group B initially given placebo (p 0.029). In line with this observation, stiffness and the general feeling of discomfort from the disease declined during RHP treatment (p 0.032). In group A, symptom reduction was still indicated by the study subjects 3 weeks after the switch to placebo. The consumption of rescue medication such as paracetamol, codeine and tramadol also declined significantly in group A when compared to group B (p 0.013). Conclusion: The present data suggest that administration of RHP, containing seeds and shells can reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hand and consumption of rescue medication.

ASSESSMENT OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF DAPHNE OLEOIDES SUBSP. KURDICA: IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS USING BIOASSAY GUIDED ISOLATION METHOD

s. PHYTOPHARM 2012 M 76 Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] ТОМ 10/2012/2 CRS) and aspirin (4h ASP) induced ulceration. The ulcer index and % protection was calculated. The gastric juice collected from 4h Pl rats was studied for the effects on gastric volume, ph, free acid, total acid-pepsin output, dNA gastric juice cell shedding and mucosal cell proliferation. biochemical estimation such as histamine content, mucus content and hkATPase inhibitory activity was also evaluated. The effect of APf on stomach histopathology was also studied. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by dunnett’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons against control group. The difference was considered to be significant when P < 0.05. Oral treatment of APf (200 and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) for 7 days showed significant protection against acute gastric ulcer induced by 4h Pl and 95 % EtOh, but was found to have no effect on CRS and ASP-induced gastric ulceration. The gastric studies showed that treatment with APf signiccantly increased the gastric juice ph, decrease the gastric volume and total acid-pepsin output and significantly reduced the gastric juice cell shedding. A significant decrease in histamine content and a reduction in free phosphate ions responsible for hkATPase inhibitory activity were also observed. in conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the gastroprotective activity of APf contributes mainly to the peripheral effects on the gastric secretion and the probable mechanism underlying behind such activity might be both due to the possible inhibition on the histaminic (h 2 ) receptor and hkATPase pump. INVESTIGATION OF THREE TRITERPENE ACIDS AGAINST CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION ACTIVITY © Khoo Gaik Ming, Clausen Morten Rahr, Larsen Erik Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark The object of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid on human colon cancer cell proliferation activity. Triterpene acids are members of the terpene family and are widely distributed in food plants. A rosehip fraction containing a mixture of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid displayed inhibitory effect against the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 with the combination of oleanolic acid/betulinic acid and ursolic acid/betulinic acid displaying significant synergistic inhibitory effects (1). Our results showed that these three compounds also displayed good inhibitory effect against cancer cell proliferation activity at the concentration of 10μg/ml. both betulinic acid and ursolic acid displayed strong inhibition against hT-29 (88 % and 79 %, respectively) and SW-480 (76 % and 82 %, respectively), but a moderate to weak inhibition against Caco-2 (19 % and 22 %, respectively). Oleanolic acid displayed only moderate inhibition against Caco-2 (49 %), very weak inhibition against hT-29 (7 %) and no inhibition against SW-480. No synergistic effects were observed between combinations of the triterpene acids. We only found an additive effect in the combination of oleanolic acid/ursolic acid and only against proliferation of hT-29. Antagonistic effects between the pure compounds were observed when betulinic acid was one of the components in the combination. Although betulinic acid and ursolic acid showed good inhibitory effects against all three cancer cell lines, their combination displayed antagonistic effects and showed poor inhibition against cancer cell proliferations. however, these triterpenic acids and their combination effects should be further investigated in different in vitro or in vivo experiment to confirm their bioactivities and mechanism. Reference: (1) Saaby l., Moesby l., hansen E. W., Christensen S. b. (2011). isolation of immunomodulatory triterpene acids from a standardized rose hip powder (Rosa canina l.). Phytotherapy Research, 25, 195–201. DECURSIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS INHIBIT VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION BY SPHINGOSINE KINASE INHIBITION © Lee Yong-Moon, Shin Kyong-Oh, Seo Cho-Hee, Kim Tack-Joong College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea The pyranocoumarin compound decursin isolated from the herb, Angelica gigas, are known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activities. however, little is known about their anti-angiogenic activity. here, we investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of decursin by the changes of sphingolipid metabolites

INVESTIGATION OF THREE TRITERPENE ACIDS AGAINST CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION ACTIVITY

s. PHYTOPHARM 2012 M 76 Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] ТОМ 10/2012/2 CRS) and aspirin (4h ASP) induced ulceration. The ulcer index and % protection was calculated. The gastric juice collected from 4h Pl rats was studied for the effects on gastric volume, ph, free acid, total acid-pepsin output, dNA gastric juice cell shedding and mucosal cell proliferation. biochemical estimation such as histamine content, mucus content and hkATPase inhibitory activity was also evaluated. The effect of APf on stomach histopathology was also studied. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by dunnett’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons against control group. The difference was considered to be significant when P < 0.05. Oral treatment of APf (200 and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) for 7 days showed significant protection against acute gastric ulcer induced by 4h Pl and 95 % EtOh, but was found to have no effect on CRS and ASP-induced gastric ulceration. The gastric studies showed that treatment with APf signiccantly increased the gastric juice ph, decrease the gastric volume and total acid-pepsin output and significantly reduced the gastric juice cell shedding. A significant decrease in histamine content and a reduction in free phosphate ions responsible for hkATPase inhibitory activity were also observed. in conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the gastroprotective activity of APf contributes mainly to the peripheral effects on the gastric secretion and the probable mechanism underlying behind such activity might be both due to the possible inhibition on the histaminic (h 2 ) receptor and hkATPase pump. INVESTIGATION OF THREE TRITERPENE ACIDS AGAINST CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION ACTIVITY © Khoo Gaik Ming, Clausen Morten Rahr, Larsen Erik Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark The object of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid on human colon cancer cell proliferation activity. Triterpene acids are members of the terpene family and are widely distributed in food plants. A rosehip fraction containing a mixture of betulinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid displayed inhibitory effect against the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 with the combination of oleanolic acid/betulinic acid and ursolic acid/betulinic acid displaying significant synergistic inhibitory effects (1). Our results showed that these three compounds also displayed good inhibitory effect against cancer cell proliferation activity at the concentration of 10μg/ml. both betulinic acid and ursolic acid displayed strong inhibition against hT-29 (88 % and 79 %, respectively) and SW-480 (76 % and 82 %, respectively), but a moderate to weak inhibition against Caco-2 (19 % and 22 %, respectively). Oleanolic acid displayed only moderate inhibition against Caco-2 (49 %), very weak inhibition against hT-29 (7 %) and no inhibition against SW-480. No synergistic effects were observed between combinations of the triterpene acids. We only found an additive effect in the combination of oleanolic acid/ursolic acid and only against proliferation of hT-29. Antagonistic effects between the pure compounds were observed when betulinic acid was one of the components in the combination. Although betulinic acid and ursolic acid showed good inhibitory effects against all three cancer cell lines, their combination displayed antagonistic effects and showed poor inhibition against cancer cell proliferations. however, these triterpenic acids and their combination effects should be further investigated in different in vitro or in vivo experiment to confirm their bioactivities and mechanism. Reference: (1) Saaby l., Moesby l., hansen E. W., Christensen S. b. (2011). isolation of immunomodulatory triterpene acids from a standardized rose hip powder (Rosa canina l.). Phytotherapy Research, 25, 195–201. DECURSIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS INHIBIT VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION BY SPHINGOSINE KINASE INHIBITION © Lee Yong-Moon, Shin Kyong-Oh, Seo Cho-Hee, Kim Tack-Joong College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea The pyranocoumarin compound decursin isolated from the herb, Angelica gigas, are known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activities. however, little is known about their anti-angiogenic activity. here, we investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of decursin by the changes of sphingolipid metabolites

Triterpene Acids from Rose Hip Powder Inhibit Self‐antigen‐ and LPS‐induced Cytokine Production and CD4+ T‐cell Proliferation in Human Mononuclear Cell Cultures

A triterpene acid mixture consisting of oleanolic, ursolic and betulinic acid isolated from a standardized rose hip powder (Rosa canina L.) has been shown to inhibit interleukin (IL)-6 release from Mono Mac 6 cells. The present study examined the effects of the triterpene acid mixture on the cytokine production and proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells induced by a self-antigen, human thyroglobulin and by lipopolysaccharide in cultures of normal mononuclear cells. The triterpene acid mixture inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 with estimated IC₅₀ values in the range 35-56 µg/mL, the Th1 cytokines interferon-γ and IL-2 (IC₅₀ values 10-20 µg/mL) and the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 (IC₅₀ values 18-21 µg/mL). Moreover, the mixture also inhibited CD4⁺ T-cell and CD19⁺ B-cell proliferation (IC₅₀ value 22 and 12 µg/mL, respectively). Together, these data demonstrate that oleanolic, ursolic and betulinic acid are active immunomodulatory constituents of the standardized rose hip powder. However, since the estimated IC₅₀ values are in the µg/mL range, it is questionable whether the content of the triterpene acids in the standardized rose hip powder, alone, can explain the reported clinical effects.

Effects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese persons

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In studies performed in mice, rose hip powder has been shown to both prevent and reverse high-fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance as well as reduce plasma levels of cholesterol. The aim of this study was to investigate whether daily intake of rose hip powder over 6 weeks exerts beneficial metabolic effects in obese individuals.SUBJECTS/METHODS:A total of 31 obese individuals with normal or impaired glucose tolerance were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in which metabolic effects of daily intake of a rose hip powder drink over 6 weeks was compared with a control drink. Body weight, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, blood lipids and markers of inflammation were assessed in the subjects.RESULTS:In comparison with the control drink, 6 weeks of daily consumption of the rose hip drink resulted in a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (−3.4% P=0.021), total plasma cholesterol (−4.9% P=0.0018), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (−6.0% P=0.012) and LDL/HDL ratio (−6.5% P=0.041). The Reynolds risk assessment score for cardiovascular disease was decreased in the rose hip group compared with the control group (−17% P=0.007). Body weight, diastolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, incretins and markers of inflammation did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:Daily consumption of 40 g of rose hip powder for 6 weeks can significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in obese people through lowering of systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol levels.

Rose hip and its constituent galactolipids confer cartilage protection by modulating cytokine, and chemokine expression

BackgroundClinical studies have shown that rose hip powder (RHP) alleviates osteoarthritis (OA). This might be due to anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective properties of the complete RHP or specific constituents of RHP. Cellular systems (macrophages, peripheral blood leukocytes and chondrocytes), which respond to inflammatory and OA-inducing stimuli, are used as in vitro surrogates to evaluate the possible pain-relief and disease-modifying effects of RHP.Methods(1) Inflammatory processes were induced in RAW264.7 cells or human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) with LPS. Inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines/chemokines) were determined by the Griess reaction, EIA and multiplex ELISA, respectively. Gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR. RHP or its constituent galactolipid, GLGPG (galactolipid (2S)-1, 2-di-O-[(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-octadeca-9, 12, 15-trienoyl]-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol), were added at various concentrations and the effects on biochemical and molecular parameters were evaluated. (2) SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and primary human knee articular chondrocytes (NHAC-kn) were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β to induce in vitro processes similar to those occurring during in vivo degradation of cartilage. Biomarkers related to OA (NO, PGE2, cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases) were measured by multiplex ELISA and gene expression analysis in chondrocytes. We investigated the modulation of these events by RHP and GLGPG.ResultsIn macrophages and PBL, RHP and GLGPG inhibited NO and PGE2 production and reduced the secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12) and chemokines (CCL5/RANTES, CXCL10/IP-10). In SW1353 cells and primary chondrocytes, RHP and GLGPG diminished catabolic gene expression and inflammatory protein secretion as shown by lower mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13), aggrecanase (ADAMTS-4), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2, MIP-3α), CCL5/RANTES, CXCL10/IP-10, IL-8, IL-1α and IL-6. The effects of GLGPG were weaker than those of RHP, which presumably contains other chondro-protective substances besides GLGPG.ConclusionsRHP and GLGPG attenuate inflammatory responses in different cellular systems (macrophages, PBLs and chondrocytes). The effects on cytokine production and MMP expression indicate that RHP and its constituent GLGPG down-regulate catabolic processes associated with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These data provide a molecular and biochemical basis for cartilage protection provided by RHP.

Investigation of in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of rose hip powder (Rosa canina L.)

The standardized rose hip powder LitoMove® (Rosa canina L.) is a widely used herbal remedy. Consumption of LitoMove® has been shown to reduce pain in patients with osteoarthritis (1). The dichloromethane extract of LitoMove® possess in vitro immunomodulating effects which have been correlated to the presence of triterpene acids (2). To establish if the clinical effect of LitoMove® is caused by anti-inflammatory or analgesic effects, the dichloromethane extract was tested in the paw edema model of inflammation and the 1:1 methanol: dichloromethane extract in the hot plate test of acute pain. In both models, extracts were administered orally once daily in the indicated period. Treating rats with 100mg dry extract/kg for three weeks did not result in a significant reduction of the paw edema compared to the control group. In the hot plate test, mice were treated with 500mg dry extract/kg for five days. No significant difference in pain threshold between the treatment and the control group could be observed. It thus appears that the tested extracts neither possess anti-inflammatory nor analgesic effects in the chosen animal models. However, the paw edema model and the hot plate test are general models of inflammation and pain and thus, may not represent the inflammation and pain in arthritis. Therefore, further studies in specific animal models of arthritis inflammation and pain are needed before the clinical effects of LitoMove® can be understood.

The effects of rose hip (Rosa canina) on plasma antioxidative activity and C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls: A prospective cohort study

Rose hip (Rosa canina) has been used as an herbal remedy against a wide range of ailments including inflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of rose hips have been evaluated in vitro and active constituents have been isolated. Rose hip contains antioxidant nutrients and an anti-inflammatory galactolipid. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease where activated cells release reactive oxygen substances. Thus it could be relevant to investigate if rose hip had an anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effect in this situation. In this open case-control study 20 female patients with RA and 10 female controls were given 10.5 g rose hip powder daily (Litozin®) for 28 days. Blood samples were analysed at baseline and follow-up for the capacity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). The participants kept a food diary for the first 3 days and the last 3 days of the intervention period. The RA-patients completed The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. CRP-concentrations of both patients and healthy controls did not change. Nor was any effect found on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. There was no difference in food intake at baseline, but in the last week the RA-group reduced their energy intake. 10.5 g Litozin® in 28 days had neither effect on clinical symptoms or laboratory measurements in patients with RA or healthy controls. This is in contrast to previous intervention studies with rose hip powder that found a reduction in the concentration of CRP. The results of the present study indicate that a daily amount of approximately 10 g rose hip powder for one month has no anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effect.

Isolation of immunomodulatory triterpene acids from a standardized rose hip powder (Rosa canina L.)

A previously published systematic review and a metaanalysis have concluded that the consumption of standardized rose hip powder (Rosa canina L.) can reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients. Synovial inflammation has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and mainly to involve infiltration of the synovial membrane by macrophages. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effect of standardized rose hip powder of Rosa canina L. was investigated and active principles isolated using the Mono Mac 6 cell line as a model for human macrophages. Treatment of Mono Mac 6 cells with the residue of a crude dichloromethane extract of rose hip powder significantly and concentration dependently inhibited the lipopolysaccharide induced interleukin-6 release. Through bioassay-guided fractionation the immunomodulatory effect of the dichloromethane extract was correlated to a mixture of three triterpene acids; oleanolic acid, betulinic acid and ursolic acid (IC(50) 21 ± 6 µm). Further studies revealed that only oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, but not betulinic acid, could inhibit the lipopolysaccharide induced interleukin-6 release from Mono Mac 6 cells when tested separately. Combination of either oleanolic acid or ursolic acid with betulinic acid enhanced the immunomodulatory effect of the two triterpene acids.