Hind Basitarsus Research Articles

Two new species of Melitoma Lepeletier and Serville (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Emphorini) from South America, with modified hind legs in the males

Two new species of Melitoma Lepeletier and Serville are described: M. fulviscopis n. sp. from Matto Grosso, Brazil, and M. torquata n. sp. from southeastern and southern Brazil, and northern Argentina. The males have a peculiar hind basitarsus, unique among emphorine bees, that suggests a close relationship of the two species. The basitarsus bears, on the inner surface, a longitudinal channel-like polished depression fringed with long hairs.

Review of the genus Odontembia Davis, 1939 (Embioptera: Embiidae) with description of a new species

The genus Odontembia Davis is reviewed. Two species are recognized, O. spinosa (Navás) and O. jacobi Miller, new species. The genus is known from central and western Africa and is principally characterized by the hind basitarsus with two ventral papillae, MA forked in the mesoand metathoracic wings with the branches of the fork as long as the stem, the medial portion of the right basipodite produced posteriorly, and the presence of several large, distinct denticles on the first segment of the left cercus. A new species is described from Ghana and differs from O. spinosa in several characters of the male genitalia. The male head, left wings and genitalia are illustrated.

Bees

Bees

A new stingless bee species of the genus Scaura (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, with notes on S. latitarsis (Friese)

A new species, Scaura atlantica Melo, is described from eastern Brazil. It belongs to the latitarsis group and can be distinguished from workers of S. latitarsis especially by its larger body size, darker color, smoother upper frons, and by the contour of the posterior margin of the hind basitarsus; from workers of S. argyrea, n. stat., it differs by possessing a frons with shorter simple setae whose sockets are less protuberant, shorter simple setae on the mesoscutum and by the shape of the hind basitarsus. Considering that the original type series of Trigona latitarsis Friese, 1900, is probably composed of more than one species, a worker syntype from Brazil (Jundia , S o Paulo) is here designated lectotype in order to stabilize the taxonomy of the group.

A new genus of Allantinae from India (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae)

Introduction A new species described under a new genus, runs smoothly in Malaise’s (1963) key upto couplets 92 and 132 where these can be wrongly associated with genus Taxonus Hartig or Parasiobla Ashmead. If not studied in detail, this new species representing a new genus is likely to be mistakenly placed under Parasiobla, a genus that was erected by Ashmead (1898) with Taxonus rufocinctus Norton, its type species. Although Konow (1905) considerd Parasiobla a synonym of Taxonus, Malaise (1963) on the basis of the absence of closed middle cells in the hindwing, a character which is especially variable in rufocinctus, considered it a distinct genus. We agree with Smith's (1979) arguments that the criterion used by Malaise (1963) to split Taxonus Hartig into four genera: Taxonus, Strongylogastroidea, Hypotaxonus, and Parasiobla (=Polytaxonus) on the basis of variable, unstable and very weak characters such as the comparative length of hind basitarsus and presence or absence of closed middle cell in the hind wing are completely unreliable and thus unacceptable. Thus, we also consider all of them the synonyms of Taxonus Hartig. On the basis of some stable and reliable characters such as: extent and shape of clypeal incision; ratio of antennal segments 3 and 4; overall shape of antenna; presence or absence of postgenal as well as postorbital carinae; presence or absence of punctures on mesopleura; presence or absence of closed middle cell in hind wing; general direction and angle of cross vein, a new generic name Isotaxonus is proposed to treat the new species.

A New Genus and Species of Cricket from Venezuela and a Case Report on the Occurrence of Epiphallic Glands among the Eneopteridae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)

A new cricket from Venezuela, Adenophallusia naiguatana gen. et sp. n., is described. Its most distinctive feature is the presence of a pair of sac-shaped epiphallic glands. This type of gland is not uncommon in certain members of South American phalangopsid crickets, but the present case seems to be the first reported from the Eneopteridae. Adenophallusia, the new genus of Eneopterid cricket described here is a member of the tropical American subfamily Tafaliscinae Desutter, 1987. It shares characteristics of the Paroecanthini Gorochov, 1986, which comprises Paroecanthus and Amblyrhetus and Diatrypini Desutter, 1987, a monotypic tribe containing Diatrypa [Desutter (1990) mentions a new, still undescribed genus for this tribe]. Adenophallusia also bears some peculiarities that do not fit either tribe (cf. table 1): generally its body morphology agrees more closely with Paroecanthini, while phallic structure resembles more that of Diatrypini. When more material of this cluster of crickets become known, the tribal definitions will probably need to be reconsidered. Only three specimens ofA. naiguatana, sp. n. are known, and nothing else is known about the species, beyond the label's data. The male genitalia of this cricket possess a pair of well developed epiphallic glands. As far as we know, this is the first case to be reported on the occurrence of such gland among the Eneopteridae although some neotropical phalangopsids belonging to the Luzarinae do have them (Mello 1992, Mello & Reis 1994, Desutter-Grandcolas 1995). The terminology we employ for the structures of the phallic complex follows Desutter (1990). ADENOPHALLUSIA Mello & Camargo e Mello, n. gen. Type species: A. naiguatana, n. sp. The present genus resembles Paroecanthus Saussure 1859 in several aspects, including the harp veins of the fore wings which are divided into two clusters, but differs from that genus by the following: fore tibiae with an internal tympanum only; stridulum not as sharply bi-sinuose; male genitalia not elongate, its structures well developed (not regressed); epiphallus distinctly bilobate (not shaped as a duck bill), each lobe with a round opening on its infero-distal portion associated to a pair of sac-shaped glandular structures; epiphallic parameres elongate, longitudinally oriented; dorsal cavity well developed; ectophallic apodemes conspicuous; endophallic sclerite long and well pigmented. (See table 1 and figs. referred therein). Adenophallusia naiguatana Mello & Camargo e Mello, n. sp. Figs. 1, 2 to 7, 16 to 18, table 1 Males.-Size medium, yellowish to medium brown, body covered by fine pubescence. Head slightly wider than front margin of pronotum; lateral ocelli small, median absent; space between antenna narrower than sockets, maxillary palpi as in Fig. 2. Pronotum wider posteriorly, inferior margin of lateral lobes straight, fore and hind angles evenly round. Fore wings covering abdomen, its dorsal surface as in Fig. 3, lateral field with two juxtaposed longitudinal veins, the inferior one with many sinuose oblique branches. Hind wings slightly shorter than fore wings. Supra-anal plate bearing a conspicuous spine (Fig. 4). Limbs rather short and robust; fore tibia with an oval internal tympanum; hind femora thick; hind tibia with 5 external and 4 internal dorsal spurs, apical spurs typical for the subfamily (cf. Desutter 1990); hind basitarsus with 3 external and 2 internal spines. Genitalia as in figs. 16, 17 and 18. Females.-Similar to males except by the following: dorsal surface of fore wings with several oblique veins, not united by cross-veins; lateral field with only one branched longitudinal vein below angulation. Ovipositor depressed, normally developed, its apical valves acute and crenulated (Figs. 5 to 7). Measurements.-in mm (holotype male-paratype male/ allotype): body length 16.64-15.45/17.91; head width 3.18-3.0/ 3.64; pronotum length 3.54-3.47/4.18; pronotum width 4.093.9/4.36; fore wing length 10.72-10.0/11.09; hind femora length 10.45-10.36/12.36; hind tibia length 9.0-8.58/9.64; ovipositor length 8.54. Material examined.-Holotype male and allotype: Naiguata, D.F., Venezuela, 2.400 feet, vii-23-1939, G.V.Berthier leg.; 1 male paratype: Los Canales, Naiguata, D.F., Venezuela, 720 meters, ix-24-1938, same collector. All specimens kept at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Acknowledgments We thank the Entomology Department of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for loan of material and Dr. Dan Otte for reviewing the manuscript and providing the artwork of Fig. 1. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPTERA RESEARCH No. 5, AUG. 1996 65 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.181 on Thu, 29 Sep 2016 04:34:31 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Revision of the Oriental genusHartemitaCameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cardiochilinae)

The generic name Hartemita Cameron is brought out of synonymy to accommodate a distinctive group of Oriental species that has previously been referred to Laminitarsus Fullaway and, more recently, to Cardiochiles Nees von Esenbeck. Nine species are recognised including four which are newly described: H. latipes Cameron, H. muirii (Fullaway), H. chapini (Mao), H. rudis (Mao), H. singaporensis (Mao), H. rhadinotarsa sp. nov., H. basilaris sp. nov., H. townesi sp. nov. and H. bruneiensis sp. nov. Among other characters, species of Hartemita are distinguished from other genera of Cardiochilinae by having the discal cell short, the hind basitarsus laminate and the ovipositor short and curved. An illustrated key to species is presented. Relationships between the species of Hartemita and between Hartemita and Cardiochiles are discussed.

THE RICE BROWN PLANTHOPPER: Feeding Physiology and Host Plant Interactions

Rice, Oryza sativa L., is an ancient cereal crop domesticated about 10,000 years ago along the hilly tracts south of the Himalayas (8). Because of the long history of its cultivation and its widespread dispersal, rice is probably the most genetically diversified among the world's cereal crops. In all Asian countries, rice is by far the most important staple food crop, and approxi­ mately half of the people on earth obtain the majority of their caloric intake from rice. Among the rice herbivorous insects, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (hereafter BPH), is one of the most notorious pests. It causes economic damage to the rice crop directly by feeding ( 116) and also indi­ rectly by transmitting grassy stunt (8 1) and ragged stunt virus diseases (54). The BPH is a small (2-3.5 mm in body length), brownish, sucking insect, belonging to the suborder Homoptera, series Auchenorrhyncha, super­ family Fulgoridae, and family Delphacidae. Members of the genus Nilapar­ vata are characterized by several lateral spines on the hind basi-tarsus (69). The adult shows density-dependent wing dimorphism with macropterous and brachypterous forms (20). Macropterous adults have the ability to migrate over long distances. The BPH is endemic to the tropical oriental region, but its habitat can temporarily expand as far north as Japan and Korea every summer through long-distance massive migrations from the tropics (46). The BPH is a monophagous insect restricted to cultivated rice and its allied wild forms such as Oryza perennis and O. spontanea (45). Thus, the seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of the BPH depend largely upon cropping patterns and intensification of rice cultivation.

Pyrobombus lapponicus auct., in Europe recognized as two species: P. lapponicus (Fabricius, 1793) and P. monticola (Smith, 1849) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Bombinae)

AbstractPyrobombus (Pyrobombus) lapponicus (Fabricius, 1793) and P. (P.) monticola (Smith, 1849) are described from type material. The male and worker are described of the former; the lectotype and a paralectotype (worker) are designated and in addition the male of P. monticola is described. Type studies of rondoui Vogt, 1909 and scandinavicus Friese, 1911, previously regarded as subspecies of P. lapponicus, revealed conspecificity with P. monticola. Furthermore, the subspecies hypsophilus Skorikov, 1912 and konradini Reinig, 1965 are also regarded as forms of P. monticola. The status of glacialis Schneider, 1902 is uncertain. P. lapponicus is distributed in northern Europe: Fennoscandia - eastwards in the northern parts of the USSR, while P. monticola exhibits a boreo-alpine distribution: Fennoscandia, eastwards on the Kola peninsula, the British Isles, Italy, the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan mountains. In Fennoscandia P. lapponicus is found both in alpine/subalpine habitats and in adjacent coniferous forests, whereas P. monticola is restricted to alpine/subalpine areas. A comparative diagnosis of the two species, reinforced by drawings, is given. Metric studies of male abdominal sternite 7, hind basitarsus and position of ocelli on the vertex of queens were made to establish their diagnostic value. Some remarks on the biology of both species are also provided. The status of the Nearctic forms allied to P. lapponicus are discussed.

Biometrical Studies on Iraqi Honeybees

SummaryBiometrical studies on the yellow, aggressive Iraqi worker honeybees gave the following averages: weight 90·0 mg; length of tongue 5·3 mm; length and width of fore-wing 8·8 and 2·9 mm; cubital index 1·95; length and width of hind-wing 6·6 and 1·7 mm; number of wing hooks 21·1; length and width of hind basitarsus 2·0 and 1·1 mm; length and width of second wax mirror 2·1 and 1·4 mm.