Highway Route Research Articles

Change-Point Detection Approaches for Pavement Dynamic Segmentation

AbstractTraditionally, highway routes are broken into predefined segments of fixed lengths for road maintenance scheduling and management purposes. In this paper, three change-point search algorith...

Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxial tests

The creation of the new “Ferry-Free Coastal Highway Route E39” in southwest Norway entails the production of a remarkable quantity of crushed rocks. These resources could be beneficially employed as aggregates in the unbound courses of the highway itself or other road pavements present nearby. Two innovative stabilizing agents, organosilane and lignosulfonate, can significantly enhance the key properties, namely, resilient modulus and resistance against permanent deformation, of the aggregates that are excessively weak in their natural state. The beneficial effect offered by the additives was thoroughly evaluated by performing repeated load triaxial tests. The study adopted the most common numerical models to describe these two key mechanical properties. The increase in the resilient modulus and reduction in the accumulated vertical permanent deformation show the beneficial impact of the additives. Furthermore, a finite element model was created to simulate the repeated load triaxial test by implementing nonlinear elastic and plastic constitutive relationships.

Emissions and energy consumption of a plug-in hybrid passenger car in Real Driving Emission (RDE) test

In the next years, the number of circulating plug-in hybrid electric vehicles was expected to increase worldwide. Hybrid electric/gasoline powertrain is considered a promising solution to meet the future goals of greenhouse gas emission reduction by road transport sector. This paper investigates the emissive and energetic behaviour of a plug-in hybrid electric passenger car over on road testing. Measurements of CO, CO2, NOx exhaust emissions and of main electric motor parameters were carried out by using portable emission measurement system over urban, rural and motorway routes in Naples (Italy). Routes were selected for complying with European Real Driving Emission (RDE) legislation. Moreover, an additional urban route, characterised by strong road grade and non-RDE compliant, was investigated. RDE test allowed to assess the influence of the battery state of charge, hybrid mode (charge sustaining and charge depleting), road grade and vehicle air conditioning on the exhaust emission and energy consumption. An overall advantage of charged battery and charge depleting mode was observed in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. CO and NOx emissions are strongly influenced by driving when the vehicle's internal combustion engine starts. When it occurs in motorway patterns, CO and NOx peak emissions are observed at tailpipe. Pure electric driving, with consequent zero emissions, are guaranteed over urban strong uphill when battery is full charged.

Road environmental impact assessment in the conceptual design stage - example of the Kragujevac - Mrčajevci motorway

The construction of new motorway routes leaves lasting consequences on the nature and the living world along the corridor through which the adopted motorway alignment extends. Therefore, it is necessary that in the initial stage of the project (Conceptual design) the analysis of all potential impacts of the motorway on the environment be done very rigorously. The subject of this paper is the road environmental impact assessment methodology implemented in conceptual design of Kragujevac - Mrčajevci motorway. Within the motorway environmental assessment for different variants of motorway corridor, traffic noise, air pollution, rainwater and groundwater pollution, soil pollution, climate change, occupation of surfaces for expropriation and other relevant impacts were investigated. In the paper the methodology used to assess the initial ("zero") state of the environment in the studied area was briefly described. In addition, the methodology based on which the project alternatives were compared regarding environmental requirements was also presented, and finally, what was the conclusion of such a comparison.

RETRACTED: Study on the occlusion of the visibility window on highway exit ramps

Traffic accidents frequently occur at the nose of highway exit ramps for a variety of reasons. When attempting to take an exit, a driver’s line of sight may be obscured by the curvature or slope of the main expressway, roadside vegetation, traffic signs, and other vehicles traveling alongside. These increase the likelihood of accidents due to inaccurate or poor driver judgement when approaching a highway exit. Because of emotional responses that accompany the possibility of missing an exit, many drivers act irrationally through haphazard acceleration or braking, aggressive lane changes; in some cases, even coming to a complete stop and reversing against the flow of high speed traffic to correct their course. This study applies to curved highway exit corridors with a poor line of sight. The total visible area of the exit ramp is defined in accordance with the design specifications of both the highway routes and exit ramps, which was then further refined by considering the driving characteristics of both the drivers and of surrounding traffic. This study set out to establish a reliable occlusion model of highway exits with the following goals in mind. Geometric equations describing the area and volume of the target area of the exit ramp are established. Discrete expression equation was deployed to establish the occlusion model for the target area within the visual field. Parameters taken from specifications of the Hunan section of the Shanghai-Kunming Expressway are used for multiple calculations, in which obstruction patterns of objects with the same width, and objects with different width at different positions are analyzed. Based on the patterns observed from stimulated experiments mentioned above, multiple effective measures were proposed to prevent the obstruction of the highway exit ramp. In summary, this study provides theoretical support for prevention of obstruction as well as an anti-occlusion model for better identification of the highway exit ramps by intelligent vehicle systems.

Experimental investigation on the structural response of RC slabs subjected to combined fire and blast

Reinforced concrete (RC) submerged floating tunnels (SFTs) represent a possible solution for crossing wide, deep fjords, and is considered for the E39 highway route along the Norwegian west coast. With regard to SFTs, the specific accidental scenario that is under investigation is the combined action of fire and subsequent internal explosion, as this is a crucial safety design condition for this type of structure. To assess the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures under combined fire and blast actions, gas burner equipment and a shock tube device were used to generate high temperature and blast loading, respectively, on RC circular slabs. A proper set of instruments consisting of thermocouples embedded in the specimens, accelerometers and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) equipment made it possible to capture the behaviour of the slabs under the combined fire and blast actions and to distinguish the specific role of fire and blast. Simplified numerical tools such as an equivalent elastic single degree of freedom (SDOF) model and a linear elastic finite element (FE) model were used to interpret the experimental results. By considering all combinations of three fire exposure times and two shock waves, the effect of damage accumulation from a combined action of fire and subsequent internal explosion was mapped. A reliable benchmark for numerical models was obtained.

Discussion on Influencing Factors of Traffic Safety in Highway Route Design

Discussion on Influencing Factors of Traffic Safety in Highway Route Design

Experimental and numerical studies of tubular concrete structures subjected to blast loading

The E39 coastal highway route along the west coast in Norway is envisioned a future without ferries. A submerged floating tube bridge built in concrete has been suggested as a means of crossing wide and deep fjords, and an internal blast load against this structure could have disastrous consequences. To investigate the response of tubular concrete structures subjected to blast loading, standard off-the-shelf concrete pipes were tested using live explosives. The tests were monitored by high-speed cameras and pressure sensors. Three different positions for the explosive charges were used and the charge size was varied for each position. It was found that a contact charge detonated from the outside requires approximately twice the explosive amount to breach the pipe than a contact charge detonated from the inside, suggesting a significant confinement effect. Charges placed in the centre of the cross-section produced longitudinal cracking and fragmentation. Measurements show that the pressure inside the pipe is notably higher than immediately outside. As one would expect, reinforcement increased the blast capacity of the pipes significantly. Material test specimens (cubes and cylinders) were cut from the pipes and tested quasi-statically to determine the mechanical properties. The material tests were used to calibrate a concrete material model for finite element simulations, where the blast load was described by a particle-based method. The structural response from the simulations showed good agreement with the experimental data. This applied to the contact charges as well although no special measures were taken to account for the contact detonation.

Cultic Inventory From the Bronze Age Settlement From Șoimuş – Teleghi (Hunedoara County)

The preventive archaeological research fulfilled on the Deva – Orăştie highway route, led us to discover a large settlement belonging to the Bronze Age, on the terrace of the Mureş River, at Şoimuş – Teleghi (Hunedoara County). Some of the investigated features from this site contain large quantity of pottery and bone artefacts. These artefacts are vessels with celestial symbolic representations, decorated hearths and portable stoves (pyraunoi) with anthropomorphic plastic applications. Among these, there are animal bones such as vertebras and phalanges, some of them processed and with intense using traces. Another category of special objects was the clay wheels models, which were found in several pits, whole or fragmentary. Despite being part of the assemblage of a clay wagon model, these items were found separately, indicating that the wheel itself had a special meaning in the imaginary of the community. We consider that all these artefacts had a special function in rituals activities and also that they were used, probably, in shamanic practices.

Bangladesh-East Asia Relations in the Context of Bangladesh’s Look East Policy

'Look East' diplomacy and its foreign policy aspiration of engagement with East Asian countries is part of clear recognition of the strategic and economic importance of the region to Bangladesh's national interests. Bangladesh's government is planning to implement the 65,000-kilometer road project through the Asian highway route. Bangladesh would be linked to 15 countries with the proposed road network. The Asian Highway plan was first launched in 1959 under the UN Economic, and Social Commission for South Asia, and the Pacific (ESCAP). Its main purpose is to increase regional and international cooperation between Asia, and Europe via Turkey and to set transportation, infrastructural progress for the socio-economic development of many countries in the region. In order to realize Bangladesh’s potential and expedite further growth, Japan has come up with the concept of the Bay of Bengal industrial growth belt” or what Prime Minister Shinzo Abe termed “The BIG-B”. On the other hand, Chinese President Xi Jinping narrates Bangladesh as an emerging country along with the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) project that he has been championing, which envisages deepening connectivity, constructing ports, free trade sectors, and boosting trade with littoral countries in the Indian Ocean zone, and in East Asia. In the introductory part of this paper, we will give a little summary of the concept of look east policy, the relationship between Bangladesh, and East Asia, particularly Japan and China. Political and economic relations, trade and investment, regional connectivity, infrastructural development, between Japan and Bangladesh, and China and Bangladesh have been discussed in the paper. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a basic understanding of the look east policy of Bangladesh's foreign policy, which is very significant in order to ensure more investment and transfer of technology to Bangladesh.

Improved aerodynamic fuel savings predictions for heavy-duty vehicles using route-specific wind simulations

A simulation methodology is introduced to provide improved estimates of the true efficiency gains that can be achieved using aerodynamic drag-reduction technologies for ground vehicles, with a particular application to heavy-duty-vehicle operations. The approach is based on a stochastic simulation methodology that applies route-specific wind conditions to predefined duty cycles, using wind-climate data calculated from publicly-accessible data sets. The simulation tool accounts for vehicle duty-cycle, seasonal wind conditions, the direction of travel, and diurnal effects to generate resultant-velocity and yaw-angle predictions along a specified route. Aerodynamic drag and associated fuel-use predictions are then made based on vehicle aerodynamic performance models generated from sources such as wind-tunnel measurements, road/track measurements, or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulation software was used to evaluate the benefits of drag-reduction technologies associated with heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) travelling at low speeds on two major routes in Canada. The fuel-savings rate was determined for several drag-reduction technologies and tractor-trailer-height-matching approaches on two highway routes, and at vehicle ground speeds of 50 ​km/h, 80 ​km/h, and 100 ​km/h. This approach provides a representative range of fuel savings that considers the effect of different wind climates on the performance of the drag-reduction strategies. The results suggest that drag-reduction technologies, and particularly height-matching approaches, can have important contributions to reducing fuel use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions at speeds as low as 50 ​km/h. Vehicle weights ranging from 13,600 ​kg (30,000 lb) to 54,500 ​kg (120,000 lb) were evaluated to identify the relative contributions of rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag on a vehicle’s total fuel consumption. Although the proportion of a vehicle’s total fuel consumption from aerodynamics is reduced at low speeds, the fuel savings that can be achieved with standard drag reduction approaches can provide a meaningful reduction in fuel use, a reduction in fuel costs, and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

A Review on Highway Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

The present study aimed to present a new classification of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. Vehicular ad hoc network was already classified into V2V and V2I routing protocols, based on communication architecture. In the present study, they were divided into highway routing and urban routing protocols. Then, all highway routing protocols were studied and evaluated. The organizations and interpretations indicated the weakness and strength of the current protocols in this area, upon which some routes were provided for solving these protocols and other probable problems.

Analysis of Planning Factors of Highway Route Design

Analysis of Planning Factors of Highway Route Design

On the Research of Three-dimensional Model Supported by Computer Data Collection in the Teaching of Highway Route Selection

With the continuous development of our society and technology, computer is becoming more and more common, which has been widely used in our life and it has brought great convience to our life. computer has a lot of advantages, it has large storge capacity and fast data processing speed. With the characteristics of high speed and high precision, many highway departments have also actively quoted the relevant advanced technology in the computer now and adopt the data acquisition system in the aspect of releasing high data, which provides great convience for the realization of highway digital management. At present, the computer data acquisition system is also widely used in highway detectors. Through data collection, it can allow the highway department to quickly, accurately grasp the status of each section of the highway and take effective measures in time to see if damage occurs. It can be said that computer data collection system effectively promotes the efficiency of highway work, it improves the quality of work[1].

CHANGE OF A HIGHWAY ROUTE CAUSED BY A ROCKSLIDE

During the spring of 2013, a relatively large rockslide with a total area of 96,952 m2 occurred in the eastern part of the Malá Fatra mountains. The anticipated depth of the slip surfaces was from 30 to 40 metres and the volume of moving mass was estimated to be 2,000,000 m3. The maximum movement of the rockslide on the first day in March 2013 was estimated to be 43 m. The front of the rockslide interfered with the projected D1 highway route. The paper presented here offers an analysis of the causes of the rockslide and its activity in association with the potential threat to the proposed highway.

Influence of Highway on Regional Economy: A Case from Qingdao Yinchuan Expressway Route

In this paper, after reviewing the researches about the influence of transportation infrastructure on regional economy, it is pointed out that the influence of the transportation infrastructure on regional economy can be illustrated by network effects and spatial spillovers. A panel data model is estimated using data from Hebei economy almanac in the intervals 2007-2017. And the result shows that the interaction between economic growth and highway infrastructure is significant, and the impact of highway infrastructure on economic growth is greater. Finally, this paper suggests that the selections of variables, scopes of regions, and model dynamics can be taken into further consideration in the future.

The improvement of sea highway route by using parallel insertion and exhaustive search

Indonesia contains of island and ocean which perform some problems in logistics delivery such as create a gap between west side and east side of Indonesia. A sea highway program were made by president to send logistics to be more effective and efficient. This program has been implemented for four years recently but still has many adjusment such as creating the best route of sea highway. This research try to create a better route of sea highway by using tour constraction to create an initial route in two steps, clark and wright saving matriks and parallel insertion. The second method is tour improvement aims to generate a new route after initial route by using exhaustive search. Five route of sea highway are generated in tour constraction and two route has been adjusted in the tour improvement because of a better score came up. The improvement of fourth route from Depot-Malahayati-Batam-Telukbayur-Depot becomes Depot-Malahayati-Telukbayur-Batam-Depot and second route still being the same but there also another option of route which has 18 score different from the best route score, those are Depot-Sampit-Samarinda-Balikpapan-Pontianak-Depot.

Assessing the Determinants Affect for Hambantota District Public Transportation Users when Selecting a Travel Route [A Contemporary Survey Based on Southern Expressway (E001) and Normal Route (A02)

This study has focused to identify the factors effects to Hambantota district public transportation users when selecting travel route. Principally the travel experience on Southern expressway (E01) and normal route Colombo- Hambantota (A02) journeys are considered in this study. It provides a framework for understanding the passenger satisfaction levels and then the requirements while travelling from Southern province to Western province by using expressway and normal route. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out using 09 independent variables for both expressway and normal route journey. It was concluded with 03 factors for route journey: (Nature of Travel, Passenger requirement and Convenience of travel) and 04 factors: (Passenger requirement, Convenience of Travel, Operational Factors and Passenger Expectation) for the expressway journey, which determined the perception of commuters. Amongst, the nature of travel and the passenger requirements were having a correlation for the passenger satisfaction of normal route journey, besides, operational factors having a correlation towards the journey satisfaction

Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis and Least-Cost Path on The Highway Route Planning: A Case Study of Bawen – Yogyakarta Highway, Indonesia

Infrastructure planning ideally not only considers the geotechnical aspects and physical conditions of the infrastructure development location but also must be able to support regional development. One kind of spatial analysis technique which has capabilities to integrate various regional characteristics associated with its suitability for a particular use is spatial multi-criteria analysis. By using Bawen-Yogyakarta Toll Road Plan as a case study, this research is intended to apply route planning that takes into account regional characteristics, through the involvement of Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Least Cost Path analysis. The analysis results then compared with the government preferred route to see its advantages and disadvantages. The results show that the generated route from the analysis has several advantages over the government preferred route, while also having some shortcomings. The advantages of route analysis results compared to government preference routes include: better able to avoid earthquake and landslide-prone areas, better support to the preservation of protected areas, has more areas with flat to gentle topography, and have smaller additional construction cost as the consequences of intersection with existing roads, rivers and railways, In terms of affected land-use, generated route also has minimum negative impacts on the sustainability of agricultural land in the study area. The shortcomings of the analysis result are: not yet able to avoid flood and volcanic eruptions-prone areas as well as government’s preferences route, higher land acquisition cost estimation, and less support for industrial and tourism activities in the research area. Improvement of analysis methods, data, and cost assessment strategy is needed to obtain better results and more appropriate modeling and analysis, in order to support regional infrastructure planning and development.

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems for horticulture greenhouses adjacent to highway interchanges: A case study in South Korea

Although fuel-burning systems have long been used as climate control tools in greenhouses, their energy efficiency remains low, causing hikes in operation costs and sacrificing the quality and quantity of horticulture products, not to mention emitting greenhouse gases. To address these issues, a new geothermal energy supply model was developed for greenhouses close to highway Interchanges (ICs) or Junctions (JCTs). This paper presents a comprehensive effort made with field tests and simulations to validate the proposed model at various locations in South Korea. First, a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system – a central component of the model - was installed in a greenhouse and its efficiency was evaluated and compared with other fuel-burning systems. Second, cost-benefit analyses were carried out to assess whether the proposed model was investible under four possible operation scenarios. Third, the model was simulated at twenty-four ICs and JCTs along 9 highway routes to illustrate the beneficial effects of the model’s scaled-up deployment. The proposed model yielded the highest net income when a GSHP system was running at full capacity for heating and cooling. The payback periods of the model deployed at multiple sites (24 ICs and JCTs) were fewer than two years relative to AC/boiler systems. These findings indicate that the proposed model can be worthy of investment if it is appropriately operated and deployed in the field. Existing rules and policies could be used to help promote the implementation of the model.