Highland Park Research Articles

Legislative Advocacy in Illinois for Firearm Injury Prevention.

The leading cause of death in children in the United States is injury caused by firearm violence. States that enact stricter laws related to firearm injury prevention have lower rates of mortality in children. In Illinois, we formed a coalition with medical professionals, medical organizations, community partners, and legislators to craft legislation to reduce the burden of firearm violence on children. These laws can be politically charged. Therefore, we decided to focus on a safe storage education law. We met regularly as a group to draft the bill and an information sheet to support it. Pediatricians and pediatric providers worked with the government relations teams in children’s hospitals throughout the state to garner supporting organizations. We also worked to garner cosponsors, provided written and oral testimony to the legislative body, and wrote op-eds to support the bill. Shortly after the bill was passed and signed into law in June of 2022, there was a mass shooting at Highland Park in Illinois. After the shooting, there was a mandate from the Illinois governor to work on passing an assault weapons ban. Pediatricians again provided input into the bill about how the weapons affect children, testified before the House Judiciary Committee, and wrote op-eds. Governor Pritzker signed the Protect Illinois Communities Act into law in January of 2023. Pediatricians actively worked in the passage of both bills, which highlights the importance of medical professionals as experts who can combine powerful stories and evidence based medicine to influence policy.

Complications From Fat Grafting and Gluteal Augmentation in Outpatient Plastic Surgery: An Analysis of American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAASF, QUAD A) Data.

Gluteal augmentation with autologous fat grafting, colloquially referred to as Brazilian butt lift (BBL), is an increasingly common procedure with a highly reported complication profile. In this study we aimed to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of complications that accompanied these surgeries at ambulatory surgery facilities. Adults patients who experienced fat grafting complications from 2019 to 2021 were identified in QUAD A, formerly known as the American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAASF, Highland Park, IL, USA), database. Patients and complications were analyzed based on sociodemographic, surgery-, and facility-specific variables with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Overall, 436 fat grafting procedures with complications were reported to QUAD A, with an overall complication rate of 0.94%. Of these complications, 164 (37.6%) were confirmed to be from gluteal augmentation procedures. Notably, the number of gluteal augmentation with fat grafting complications decreased from the year 2019 (48) to 2020 (36), then nearly doubled from 2020 to 2021 (69). The majority of patients were female (96.7%), with a mean age of 42.0 years and a mean BMI of 28.3 kg/m2. Wound infection was the most commonly documented complication (22.3%). Of the patients who experienced complications, 35.9% presented to a hospital for their complications and 12.6% required reoperation. Four deaths were described. There was no association between sociodemographic or surgical variables and increased odds of readmission or reoperation (P > .05), except for increasing surgeon number and reoperation (P = .02). Gluteal augmentation accounts for a large proportion of complications from fat grafting procedures. Increased reporting requirements may aid in future determination of incidences of complications and improve patient safety.

Gunning for change: A content analysis of tweets following three mass shootings in the United States

ABSTRACT This study examined public comments on Twitter in the wake of three mass shootings in the United States during the summer of 2022. A total of 1,500 tweets were assessed (N = 1,500) for sentiment, risks presented, attribution of blame, and outrage. A sample of 500 tweets was taken following the Buffalo, New York, supermarket shooting; a sample of 500 tweets was taken following the Uvalde, Texas, school shooting; and a sample of 500 tweets was taken following the Highland Park, Illinois, Fourth of July parade shooting. Results show that risk, blame, and outrage differed significantly between the three situations in a variety of ways. These differences and possible reasons for them are further discussed. This study provides valuable insight on social media conversations about mass shootings – a timely subject that continues to plague the country and lead to polarizing opinions and divisiveness. The study also serves a practical function, as the findings can be presented to government organizations and social media organizations alike as critical insight into public perceptions, it can assist in identifying problematic speech online, and it can inform the development of social media guidelines in maintaining civil discord.

Impacts of Emergency Financial Management as Governance Reform in Michigan Schools

This mixed-methods case study examines the emergency financial management legislation enacted in Michigan from 2009 to 2018 as an education policy for governance reform in three local school districts: Detroit, Highland Park, and Muskegon Heights. From its inception, the emergency financial manager law was an intervention strategy for local municipalities in financial emergencies. Still, in 2009 it was used to enable state takeovers of three local school districts experiencing financial emergencies. This study addresses the gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of emergency management as an education policy in general and highlights its specific application to the three districts.

Genetic Evidence for Multiple Invasions of Coptotermes formosanus (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in California.

New infestations of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), were discovered in southern California, namely in Rancho Santa Fe and La Mesa (San Diego County) and Highland Park (Los Angeles County) in 2021. We investigated whether these new infestations were related to the previous infestations in La Mesa (2018) and Canyon Lake, Riverside County (2020). We used two mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) and seven polymorphic microsatellite markers to infer the genetic relationship between southern California colonies and their breeding systems. The samples collected from seven localities belonged to five colonies (inter-colony distances ranged from ~160 m to 185 km, with an average of 97 km). Of these five colonies, two were simple families, and three were extended families. Structure analyses of microsatellite genotypes grouped the termite samples into three distinct genetic clusters, suggesting at least three independent introduction events in southern California.

Leape's Making Healthcare Safe: Both Invaluable and Incomplete.

Health Quality Advisors, Highland Park, IL Health Quality Advisors, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2735 Fort Sheridan Avenue, Highland Park, IL 60035. Corresponding Author: Michael L. Millenson Email: [email protected]

Editors’ Introduction

Editors’ Introduction Carmen Kynard and Bryan J. McCann In her first non-fiction collection, Michelle Cliff set out to (re)write the history of British colonialism, slavocracy, U.S. white settler colonization, and racial capitalism from her own body’s memories and experiences. She names perhaps one of her most unrelenting and memoir-inspired chapters in this collection: “If I Could Write This in Fire, I Would Write This in Fire” (which is also the namesake of the book, If I Could Write This in Fire).1 In this chapter, Cliff’s prosaic style and rhetorical force works deliberately in homage to Ghanaian author Ama Ata Aidoo and her 1977 tome, Our Sister Killjoy: or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint.2 Setting Aidoo as both Black Diasporic sister and mentor, Cliff reaches into the everydayness of the racial violence of colonial schooling that sorts, punishes, ranks, and reproduces global hierarchies via: colorism, disability, class status, anti-Blackness, homophobia, misogynoir, and mimicry of British etiquette; memorization of white canons of European nation and femininity from the singing of required morning hymns; the coronation mugs on parlor tables; to the exaltation of Jane Austen. Working to seam it all together, Cliff writes: “I think about how I need to say all this . . . it is up to me to sort out these connections—to employ anger and take the consequences . . . To make it impossible for them to think me harmless.”3 In this second issue of our still very first volume of RPC, we look to Cliff’s notion of “writing in fire” to situate the work that this issue’s authors are doing and the work we do as rhetoric scholars. In this second issue, we are also (re)writing the body politic of our nation-states from our experiences in the way that Cliff demands. We are buttressed by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine; a white supremacist mass murder of Black patrons in Buffalo, NY; more gun violence against Latinx children in Uvalde, TX and parade attendees in Highland Park, IL; the overturning of Roe V. Wade; and a rollback on voting rights acts and other litigation in relation to equality of opportunity. Schooling maintains its colonial legacy, this time with a renewed public [End Page v] attack on anything deemed a racial justice education and/or an embrace of queer, trans, and nonbinary youth. As Carter G. Woodson argued almost a century ago, schooling’s function is to reproduce the logic of oppression and social violence, and it continues to do that well today.4 We hesitate to suggest that things have gotten worse because that would only serve to validate the false claim of a linear progress narrative or—worse yet—a kind of plantation nostalgia. Instead, the structure has remained the same with merely a varied set of daily expressions. As editors, we also eschew the kind of white liberalist mantra that says rhetoric scholars must respond to the moment in which they live as if that alone coincides with re-imagining that moment. Instead, as editors, we seek to chronicle the long lineage of those of us in rhetoric who know we are writing in fire like the authors and texts this issue collects. In “Decolonizing the Ideas and Ends of Church(-)Settlers,” Romeo Garcia helps us to “produce decolonized archives” since settler words and ideas shape how knowledge is archived towards ongoing colonial goals. Garcia examines the settler ideas of Texas and Utah as a “LatinAmericanist project of modernity/(de) coloniality” that upends our usual obsessions in the Enlightenment enterprise of the 18th century; instead, he historicizes our rhetorical origins in modernity with the Americas of the 15th and 16th centuries. Thus, the linking of Americanity and coloniality unfolds a logic of domination underlying how we study language, rhetoric, and literacy. Americanity acts rhetorically within the projects of both colonialism and coloniality where specific settler locales like Utah and Texas are a profound articulation. Christa J. Olson further challenges us to do the work of “unsettling ‘our’ rhetorical ancestors.” In “‘Nuestras Reliquías Históricas’ and the Rhetorical Work of Objects at Machu Picchu,” she closely follows Machu Picchu ruins in Peru that were “uncovered...

Theatre’s On-Screen Persona

Highland Park Is Here, staged online and centering on community and community engagement, worked to build vital connections between participants and overcome the restrictions of Zoom boxes. The process revealed that when the integrity of a show’s theatre-ness is challenged by moving it online, the piece becomes a placeholder for the live event.

Food insecurity in Detroit: exploring the relationship between patient-reported food insecurity and proximity to healthful grocery stores.

The objective of the current study was to determine if patients of a large health care system in Detroit who self-identify as food insecure live further away from healthy grocery stores compared with food secure patients. Second, we explored whether food insecurity and distance to healthy grocery stores are related to ecological measures of vehicle availability in the area of residence. A secondary data analysis that uses baseline data from a pilot intervention/feasibility study. Detroit, Michigan, USA. Patients of Henry Ford Health System were screened for food insecurity to determine eligibility for a pilot intervention/feasibility study (i.e. Henry's Groceries for Health), conducted through a collaboration with Gleaners Community Foodbank of Southeastern Michigan. Only patients residing in Detroit city limits (including Highland Park and Hamtramck) were included in the secondary analysis. Of the 1,100 patients included in the analysis, 336 (31 %) were food insecure. After accounting for socio-demographic factors associated with food insecurity, we did not find evidence that food insecure patients lived further away from healthier grocery stores, nor was this modified by ecological measures of vehicle access. However, some neighbourhoods were identified as having a significantly higher risk of food insecurity. Food insecure patients in Detroit are perhaps limited by social and political determinants and not their immediate neighbourhood geography or physical access to healthy grocery stores. Future research should explore the complexity in linkages between household socio-economic factors, socio-cultural dynamics and the neighbourhood food environment.

When Lions Were Kings: The Detroit Lions and the Fabulous Fifties by Richard Bak

Reviewed by: When Lions Were Kings: The Detroit Lions and the Fabulous Fifties by Richard Bak Randy Snow Richard Bak. When Lions Were Kings: The Detroit Lions and the Fabulous Fifties. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2020. Pp. 372. Illustrations. Notes. Index. Appendices. Hardcover: $39.99. In his latest book, author Richard Bak provides an in-depth look at the Detroit Lions teams of the 1950s. They played in four National Football League (NFL) championship games during the decade, winning three of them, all against the Cleveland Browns. For many of today's Lions fans, that may come as a bit of a surprise, seeing as the team has only won a single playoff game since 1957. The book begins with how the team was put together. The nucleus of the team was established in 1950 with the acquisition of three pivotal players that included back-to-back Heisman Trophy winners and a quarterback for the ages. End Leon Hart, the 1949 Heisman Trophy winner from Notre Dame, was selected by Detroit with the first overall pick in the 1950 NFL draft. Hart won three college football national championships with the Fighting Irish in 1946, 1947, and 1949. Halfback Doak Walker, the 1948 Heisman winner from Southern Methodist University (SMU), was also acquired in 1950. He had been selected in the first round of the NFL draft the year before by the NFL's Boston Bulldogs, so the Lions had to make a trade for him. The Lions also had to make a deal with the Cleveland Browns of the rival All-America Football Conference (AAFC), who held Walker's AAFC rights. Quarterback Bobby Layne of the University of Texas Longhorns was also acquired by Detroit via a trade in 1950 with the New York Bulldogs, where he played during the 1949 season. Walker and Layne grew up together and played high school football together at Highland Park High School in Texas. Lions Assistant Coach Buddy Parker was elevated to head coach in 1951 after Bo McMillan was forced to resign. Parker had played for the Lions during the 1935 season, when the team won its first NFL title over the New York Giants. Prior to coming to Detroit, he had been a player/coach with the Chicago Cardinals. In the 1951 draft, Parker [End Page 120] selected two future Hall of Famers—linebacker Jack Christianson and guard Dick Stanfel—as well as a pair of ends, Dorne Dibble and Jim Doran. Other future NFL superstars on the 1950s Lions teams included end Cloyce Box, guard/tackle Lou Creekmur, halfback Bob "Hunchy" Hoernschemeyer, linebacker Joe Schmidt, defensive back Yale Lary, halfback Terry Barr, defensive back Dick LeBeau, defensive end Darris McCord, linebacker Wayne Walker, and guard Les Bingaman. There was also running back Howard "Hopalong" Cassidy, the 1955 Heisman Trophy winner, and future hall-of-famer Alex Karras. The Detroit teams of the 1950s featured ten future hall of famers and three Heisman Trophy winners. The book is meticulously researched and even explores other aspects of life in Detroit during the 1950s. One chapter is devoted to the subject of racism. The Lions featured mainly white players during the decade. One of the exceptions was fullback John Henry Johnson, who was signed in 1957 from the 49ers. He had been a member of San Francisco's famed "Million Dollar Backfield." Another surprisingly interesting chapter is all about trading cards of the 1950s. There is a great collection of pictures featured in the book that includes many trading cards of Lions players during the decade. In fact, every chapter of the book is edged with parts of those trading cards, giving it a very unique look. Bak vividly captures the sights and sounds of Briggs Stadium on those cold December games. He also takes readers right inside the huddle, the locker room, and even the bars of Detroit with Bobby Layne. Whether you remember those Lions teams of the 1950s or not, this book is required reading for every fan of the Detroit Lions. It will remind you that there was a time when the Detroit Lions really were the kings of the NFL. Randy Snow www.theworldoffootball.comPro Football...

Career Ladder: Sibrina Collins

Early life Hooked on science Sibrina Collins was born and raised in Detroit. She doesn’t remember any specific desire to be a scientist when she was young, but her family tells stories about how she loved playing with a cousin’s microscope set. While completing an associate’s degree at Highland Park Community College, Collins took a chemistry class and was entranced by stoichiometry. “I was hooked,” she says. “And I thought to myself, ‘If this is all there is to chemistry, I’ll just be a chemist!’ ” 1990s Setting the course Collins earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry at Wayne State University before pursuing a graduate degree in inorganic chemistry at the Ohio State University. Collins aspired to become a chemistry professor. “Particularly, I wanted to teach at a historically Black college or university,” or HBCU, she says. After finishing her PhD, Collins started a postdoc at a lab focused on cardiovascular

Los Angeles' mental health businesses respond to COVID‐19 crisis

Four months into a global pandemic, Los Angeles' mental health industry is in high demand, the Los Angeles Business Journal reported July 27. The devastating economic impact of COVID‐19 and the seismic social changes buffeting the city are taking a toll on Angelenos, leading to increased activity for therapists and other self‐care businesses. Kindman & Co., a therapy group based in Highland Park, saw an increase in clients after switching to online therapy sessions, an option previously unavailable to 95% of the practice's customers. After seeing a slowdown in sessions when the office first turned to teletherapy in mid‐March — Kindman lost a third of its clientele initially — by May, the practice had taken in six times as many new patients as it received in March. “People are starting to realize that online therapy isn't going away; it's staying as the new normal,” said co‐founder Kaitlin Kindman. In April, the Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services Center in Los Angeles saw an 8,000% jump in calls to its suicide hotline, an increase of more than 1,800 calls from March. Headspace Inc., a Santa Monica–based meditation app, recently reached 62 million users and 2 million paid subscribers. The app also reported 10 times the regular number of users listening to stress meditations and 12 times the usual number of users listening to anxiety meditations.

Pengaruh Brand Image, Persepsi Harga dan Word Of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen The Highland Park Resort Hotel Bogor

Competition is now increasingly fierce, making the company put orientation on customer satisfaction and satisfaction as the main goal. With more and more companies offering the same products and services to consumers, more and more alternatives are owned by consumers, so companies always try to meet the satisfaction of their customers. A good company image will make prospective customers more confident with the goods or services they will choose. The image will eventually become good, when consumers have enough memorable experience. WOM is a promotional activity that the level of control by marketers is very low but has an extraordinary impact on the company's products or services. WOM is able to spread so quickly if the individuals who spread it also have a wide network, news that is spread can be positive and negative news depending on what they feel when they enjoy the products or services offered. The purpose of this study is To find out and analyze the influence of Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions, To find out and analyze the effect of Price Perception on Purchasing Decisions, To find out and analyze the influence of Word of Mouth on Purchasing Decisions and To find out and analyze the effect of Brand Image, Price Perception, and Word of Mouth together on Purchasing Decisions. The number of respondents in this study amounted to 100 respondents taken from guests who have stayed at The Highland Park Resort Hotel Bogor. Research data were processed using SPSS. The results of this study are as follows: Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at The Highland Park Resort Hotel Bogor with a regression coefficient of 0.370 and a significant value of 0.017. Price perception has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions at The Highland Park Resort Hotel Bogor with a regression coefficient value of 0.312 and has a significant value of 0.001. Word of Mouth has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions at The Highland Park Resort Hotel Bogor with a regression coefficient of 0.576 and a significant value of 0,000. Brand Image, Price Perception, and Word of Mouth have a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions at The Highland Park Resort Hotel Bogor with a calculated F value of 48.507 and greater than the F table of 2.70 and a significance value of 0,000 .
 
 Keywords: brand image, perceived price, WOM, Purchasing Decision

Ford’s metaphysics: On the Transcendental origins of Henry Ford’s Fordism

Since it was first articulated by Antonio Gramsci in his Prison Notebooks (1929–1935), Fordism has been understood at two interconnected levels. At one level, it is understood in secular materialist terms as an archetypal system of mass production. At another, as a techno-economic paradigm of capitalist expansion. However, little attention has been given to the philosophical influences and ideas that underpinned Henry Ford’s (1863–1947) worldview and how this came to influence the formation of the factory systems at his Highland Park and River Rouge complexes. In most textbooks, it is assumed that Ford based his industrial design on a technological intensification of F.W. Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management. This article seeks to examine the origins and rationale behind Ford’s factory system by exploring the relationship between his personal worldview and the ‘ism’ which came to bear his name. Through a cultural-historical analysis, this article critically explores Henry Ford’s personal Fordism, and argues that what has come to be understood as one of the most ‘secular’ and ‘materialist’ processes of organising ‘men and machine’ began with an attempt by Henry Ford to realise a ‘metaphysical’ ideal that was informed by the popular philosophical and theological thought of the previous century. By returning to the ideas and the context of this period, Ford’s engagement with the work of the American Transcendentalist, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) is considered to both contextualise Henry Ford’s Fordism and explore the philosophical tensions at the heart of his organisational theory and practice.

<i>Cultura Panamericana</i>

I am writing this analytical appreciation of cultura panamericana, or pan-American culture, to propose a wider recognition of how its historical linkages and contemporary manifestations confront colonialism, honor indigenous roots, and reflect multiple, mixed-race identities. Although often mediated by transnational pop-culture industries, expressive cultural forms such as art and music articulate resonant themes that connect US Latinos and Latinas to Latin Americans, pointing the way toward a hemispheric imaginary. In US murals, for example, whether in the Chicago neighborhood of Pilsen or the Los Angeles neighborhood of Highland Park, pan-American expressive culture offers alternative representations by embracing indigeneity, and it creates a sense of place by tropicalizing urban spaces.

The Color Line and the Assembly Line: Managing Race in the Ford Empire. By Elizabeth D. Esch (Berkeley, University of California Press, 2018) 257 pp. $85.00 cloth $29.95 paper and e-book

The Ford Motor Company was not only a leader in the adaptation of assembly-line technologies to auto production; it was also unusual in several dimensions of its approach to labor relations. Esch examines the interplay of Ford’s technological practices and its broader labor policies, giving particular attention to Ford’s approach to race, ethnicity, and immigrant status in forming its workforce. Although she provides a thorough discussion of Ford’s plants in Detroit, a major goal of this volume is to extend the Ford story by examining the company’s labor practices outside the United States, especially on its rubber plantations in Brazil and in its production facilities in South Africa.Esch makes much use of quantitative studies of Ford by economic historians, as well as archival material. Her discussion repeatedly calls back to Gramsci’s writing on Ford and on the interplay between technology, culture, and politics in getting workers to produce under Ford’s intense system.1Chapters 1, 2, and 3, which focus on Ford’s activities in the United States, are the most thoroughly developed. Esch begins with an examination of Ford’s use of immigrant workers, particularly at the Highland Park plant. Ford’s establishment of the $5.00 day wage, in part to stymie organizing efforts, was tied to a program of “Americanization” through Ford’s Sociological Department and English School. Esch’s discussion of this program is thorough and vivid, including a description of the graduation ceremonies at the English School in which immigrant workers emerged from an actual “melting pot” waving American flags.2As production moved from Highland Park to Rouge, Ford began to draw from different labor supplies, and the company’s methods of extracting effort also changed. Rather than focusing on “making [American] men” out of an immigrant workforce, this new approach established order through both the pace of the assembly line and the harsh, sometimes arbitrary, discipline meted out by supervisors. Esch emphasizes that the role of the foreman as a driver of labor was a constant in Ford’s modern production methods, and she connects this system of labor control to Ford’s expressions of support for emerging Fascist movements.Esch highlights the role of the “color line” in her extended discussion of the use of African-American labor at Rouge. She aptly applies the work of Whatley, Wright, and their co-authors in creating and analyzing data sets based on personnel records from Ford’s Detroit plants in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.3 The main lesson is that Ford was effective in exploiting the limited outside options of African-American workers by concentrating them in difficult and dangerous jobs that white workers would not tolerate for long, particularly in the foundry.Chapters 4 and 5 deal with Ford’s rubber production facilities in the Amazon and auto plants in South Africa. In Brazil, Ford applied aspects of both its “making men” and foreman-driven methods of extracting effort at rubber-production facilities at Fordlandia and Belterra. In neither case was Ford able to adapt its established methods to this new context. Esch’s discussion of South Africa focuses on the 1920s and 1930s, well before the formal establishment of apartheid. She notes that “company records on Ford in South Africa are scarcely available” for this period (152). She instead highlights analysis and recommendations in the 1932 Carnegie Commission Report about the conditions of the white poor in South Africa. The Carnegie Report emphasized themes similar to those characterizing labor relations at Highland Park—the reform of the white poor through factory discipline and mass consumerism. Although these ideas apparently influenced government and business leaders in pre-apartheid South Africa, concrete evidence about Ford’s “specific impact” is, as Esch admits, “fragmentary” (181).In a substantive concluding chapter, Esch takes a look at the operation of new Ford facilities around the globe and the firm’s continuing practice of identifying vulnerable groups of workers that might be susceptible to intense production methods. Her discussion of the use of migrants from the countryside in urban auto plants in China, in particular, draws interesting and surprising parallels to Ford’s use of migrant black workers at Rouge.Esch’s discussion of Ford’s practices outside the United States is less detailed than her discussion of Detroit, but she provides a useful starting point for examining Ford’s adaptation of its labor practices to differing national contexts. Historians and historically minded social scientists will find this book to be an accessible, informative, and engaging contribution to the literature about Ford.

Visionary Infrastructure: Community Solar Streetlights in Highland Park

This article develops the concept of ‘visionary infrastructure’, defined as infrastructure that provides visions of and begins to build more sustainable futures for local communities, through the case study of a solar-powered street lighting project in Highland Park, Michigan, near Detroit. After the local utility company repossessed most of the city’s streetlights, residents began building their own grassroots public lighting network. This infrastructure is visionary because it allows members of the largely African American community to determine precisely how their city is illuminated, and thus how seeing operates therein. By shifting control over the conditions of urban visuality from state and corporate officials to local residents, the lighting project intervenes in a long history of light on the street as a racialized tool of state surveillance and policing. And it shows how utility infrastructure can become a key site and mode of contemporary political resistance.

Racial Composition of School District on School Leaders′ Responses to State Takeover: A Field Experiment on the Application of Michigan’s Emergency Manager Law

Abstract Michigan’s Public Act 436, commonly referred to as the Emergency Manager Law, has provided for state installed emergency managers to oversee financially distressed municipalities as well as school districts. Given that a number of Michigan school districts, suburban, rural, and urban, have been operating at a deficit for several years and yet only the financial status of majority Black school districts (Detroit, Highland Park, Muskegon Heights) have triggered this takeover law, this field experiment investigated the effect of school district’s racial composition on both the level of support for state-installed emergency managers in districts and the level of support for politically material resistance to the application of that remedy. Implications regarding policy and critical policy research are forwarded in light of the results.

Nut Country: Right-Wing Dallas and the Birth of the Southern Strategy by Edward H. Miller

Reviewed by: Nut Country: Right-Wing Dallas and the Birth of the Southern Strategy by Edward H. Miller David Cullen Nut Country: Right-Wing Dallas and the Birth of the Southern Strategy. By Edward H. Miller. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pp. vi, 230. $25.00, ISBN 978-0-226-20538-0.) Between 1968 and 2008 the GOP's southern strategy resulted in the political reorientation of the solid South. Once a comfortable home for the Democratic Party, the former Confederacy was a house full of Republicans by the first decade of the twenty-first century. The story of the southern strategy often begins with the Richard M. Nixon administration embracing the arguments made by Kevin Phillips in The Emerging Republican Majority (New York, 1969). Edward H. Miller challenges this assertion by arguing that the work of a handful of skillful Dallasites foreshadowed the southern strategy by at least a decade. Miller's well-written and well-organized book profiles ultraconservative residents of Dallas who challenged the consensus that Texas would remain loyal to the Democratic Party for the foreseeable future. Some of the figures profiled are well known, such as H. L. Hunt, Bruce R. Alger, John G. Tower, Edwin A. Walker, and W. A. Criswell. Other persons may be recognized by scholars but not the general public. Examples are Dallas Morning News publisher Edward Musgrove "Ted" Dealey, oil and gas tycoon Peter O'Donnell, and the CEO of Texas Instruments, J. Erik Johnson. These men provided the money to sustain the Republican Party, forums to publicize their concerns, colorful personalities to draw attention to their cause, and a conviction that the solid South would dissolve and provide an opportunity for the GOP. [End Page 746] One particular strength of the book is that Miller identifies an important but overlooked group that proved invaluable to the party's success: women. Bruce Alger's successful runs for Congress in the 1950s resulted from the support and work of Highland Park women. Miller includes Rita Bass, who led "80 Women from Dallas," a group opposed to disarmament, in his assessment of the importance of Texas women to shaping the Republican Party. Sue Fitch chaired the Public Affairs Luncheon Club, using the organization to bring in conservative speakers who argued that capitalism and the American way of life were threatened by communism and the civil rights movement. Margot Perot used her influence to network and lobby in behalf of the party. Miller points out that seven of the nine directors of the Texas Republican Club's Women's Division were Dallasites. Miller also focuses on three institutions that shaped the debate between ultraconservative and moderate Republicans. Under the leadership of Dealey, the Dallas Morning News became a venue to argue against organized labor, the Supreme Court, and, in particular, the John F. Kennedy administration. The day of Kennedy's assassination, the paper ran an ad accusing the president of communist sympathies. As he and his wife were leaving Fort Worth to travel to Dallas, the president responded, "We're heading into nut country today" (p. 7). The money for the ad came from members of the John Birch Society. Dallas was home to over seven hundred John Birch Society members, making the city's chapter one of the largest in the country. Finally, Miller examines the influence of the First Baptist Church of Dallas, the largest Southern Baptist congregation in the United States. Under Criswell's leadership, the church became a strong voice that opposed the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision and conflated communism and the civil rights movement. Miller convincingly argues that these persons and institutions made Dallas the catalyst for the political realignment of the region, successfully contending that white southerners who felt betrayed by their party and, in the early 1960s, by their native son Lyndon B. Johnson should switch their loyalty from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party. David Cullen Arkansas Tech University Copyright © 2017 The Southern Historical Association

Rounded Up in Glory: Frank Reaugh, Texas Renaissance Man by Michael R. Grauer

Reviewed by: Rounded Up in Glory: Frank Reaugh, Texas Renaissance Man by Michael R. Grauer Jana R. Fallin Rounded Up in Glory: Frank Reaugh, Texas Renaissance Man. By Michael R. Grauer. Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2016. viii + 314 pp. Illustrations, endnotes, bibliography, index. $39.95 cloth. It is fitting, as we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Chisholm Trail, to review Michael [End Page 327] Grauer's book about the art of Frank Reaugh. The era of the great cattle drives was also the time when Frank Reaugh's family moved to Texas and a young Frank began developing his interest in observing and drawing cattle. Reaugh's lifelong love of the American Great Plains was to be the lifeblood of his art. Reaugh stated, "I like to be where the skies are unstained by dust and smoke, where the trees are untrimmed and where the wild flowers grow. I like the brilliant sunlight, and the far distance. I like the opalescent color of the plains. It is the beauty of the great Southwest as God has made it that I love to paint" (Frank Reaugh, Biographical [Dallas, self-published, 1936], n.p.). Having grown up near the Concho River, I like to think that Reaugh did some of his painting near my home. This book documents that on a 1933 sketch trip, he traveled to Brownwood and on toward Santa Anna peaks in Coleman County, my home county. He wanted to be at the source for his paintings, and this close proximity to the actual land is reflected in his art. He designed a portable sketch easel to use on these trips. His art has a contemporary quality that makes it seem current, even today. Reaugh's art is much more contemporary, even for our twenty-first-century eyes, than works by other prominent western artists of the same time period. Marked differences in his art and that of other artists working in the western genre perhaps are due to Reaugh's dedication to making sketch trips to the actual land where the cattle were grazing. The way Reaugh captures the wide-open spaces, the colors, and movement of the herds is unique to his art, and often harkens toward impressionism. Reaugh even developed his own line of pastels which he marketed. His presentation of art, music, and narration, and his exploration of the relationships in the arts, are all an indication of Reaugh's progressive spirit. For several years he worked in this multi-art environment, with his major contribution being Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd. Reaugh debuted this piece November 9, 1933, in Highland Park Galleries in Dallas. He collaborated with Texan David W. Guion, who composed the music. Grauer states, "To bring together—to orchestrate—painting, music, and prose in one production was brilliant and very progressive" (233). The multimedia performance of Twenty-Four Hours with the Herd was repeated at numerous other venues, including a performance at Baylor University on April 18 and 19, 1935. Reaugh's exclusion from the Centennial art celebration in Texas is a sad commentary on the art community at that time. It is particularly disappointing to me, a native Texan whose parents attended the Centennial Celebration in Dallas in 1936, that Reaugh's art was ignored at this historic celebration of 100 years as a state. That an artist who spent months camping and sketching on the Texas land, taking groups of fellow artists with him on these trips, painting the land and its cattle, to not be included in the Texas section of the art exhibition indicates a severe lack of good judgment on the part of the Centennial organizers. As he said in 1936, "It is my hope that my pictures portraying those times, aside from any artistic merit that they may possess, will tell their story, and will be preserved because of historical value; for the steer and the cowboy have gone, the range has been fenced and plowed, and the beauty of the early days is but a memory" (Frank Reaugh, Biographical, n.p.). The following quote from the Heritage Auctions webpage indicates that Reaugh's art continues to be valued, despite the...