Higher Values In Group Research Articles

Studies on pulmonary function in patients during respiratory treatment. Diagnostic and prognostic evaluations.

Twenty-nine patients, divided into three groups: 1) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 2) acute or chronic pulmonary disease with left heart failure; 3) respiratory insufficiency after peritonitis, pancreatitis, and/or sepsis, were studied during respirator treatment with regard to gas exchange, breathing mechanics and central circulation. The dead space ventilation was somewhat greater in group 1 than in the other groups. The alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference was least in group 1, greater in group 2 and extremely high in group 3. Neither dynamic compliance of the thorax nor inspiratory resistance showed any significant differences between the groups. The cardiac output had the highest values in group 3. The venous admixture was generally small in group 1 and extremely large in group 3. The pulmonary artery pressures were highest in group 2. Three variables proved to be valuable when assessing the prognosis of a patient: a large venous admixture; a large alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, and a high pulmonary artery pressure indicated a less favourable prognosis.

The effect of chlorpromazine on preservation of kidneys with one hour of warm ischaemia.

Abstract Preservation of pig kidneys for 24 hours following one hour of warm ischaemia has been studied in 15 experiments. The material was divided into three groups of five animals. In group A the renal artery was clamped for one hour after heparinization of the animal. The kidney was then removed and preserved for 24 hours by hypothermic storage (0°C), using a short initial cooling perfusion with a perfusate medium which mimics the intracellular ion composition. In group B the experimental conditions were the same as in group A, with the only exception that the animals were treated with i.v. infusion of chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) before clamping of the renal artery. In group C the kidneys were preserved by continuous hypothermic plasma perfusion, but otherwise treated as in group B. After transplantation the kidney function was followed by means of the creatinine and urea concentration in plasma, and 31 days after transplantation inulin, creatinine, urea and PAH clearances were measured in all the surviving animals. In group A only one animal survived an experimental period of 1 month while four died uraemic 4–7 days after transplantation. In groups B and C all animals survived. The degree of renal functional depression, judged by the concentration of creatinine and urea in plasma, was of the same order of magnitude in groups B and C during the first days after transplantation. A comparison of the renal clearances 31 days after transplantation showed higher values in group B, when the clearances were expressed per 100 g kidney weight.

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in relation to ABO, Rh, MN and Duffy blood groups in a random population sample of men aged 54 years

In order to study possible genetic determinants of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis the variables were subdivided according to ABO, Rh, MN and Duffy blood groups in 786 men 54 years old. Factor VIII was found to be lower in blood group 0 than in A and B. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in PTT (partial thromboplastin time) carried out in silicone tubes among the AB0 groups. The longest clotting time was found in blood group 0. Factor II-VII-X was found to be higher in blood group A than in B and AB while an intermediate value was seen in group 0. Fibrinolytic activity also varied significantly in the AB0 system, but no significant contrast between pairs was found. Fibrinogen values varied significantly within the Rh groups. Variables reflecting body build, lung function, blood pressure, blood sugar, SGOT and smoking were not different in the blood groups. Serum cholesterol varied significantly in the Rh system, but not in the AB0 system (although there was a tendency for higher values in groups A and AB than in 0 and B). Serum alkaline phosphatase varied significantly in the AB0 system but not in the Rh system. It is concluded that the differences in blood clotting and fibrinolysis between the blood groups are not dependent on the previously observed correlations with the above listed variables (body build etc.). The results are discussed in relation to the varying frequency of thrombotic disease in the AB0 blood groups.