High Understanding Research Articles

Jerome and His Readers: Authority, Community, and the Ideal of Humility

Jerome of Stridon was one of the most important biblical exegetes in early Christianity. Analyzing letters as well as prefaces to biblical commentaries written by Jerome, this article discusses four criteria which he considered to be necessary for orthodox exegesis to take place: 1) education and learning; 2) studying the Scriptures as part of an ascetic lifestyle; 3) divine help; and 4) learning in community. The article pays particular attention to the importance of community in Jerome’s theory of exegesis, and argues that focusing on the reading community rather than the individual exegete was instrumental in claiming monastic humility. It is argued that according to Jerome, learning in community, and depending on a teacher, separates orthodox from heretical exegetes. Jerome’s readers are ascribed a particular importance in the production of allegorical exegesis: In order to reach the deeper meaning of the Scriptures, Jerome thought that divine help was needed, and his readers could, by their prayers, assist him in attaining such help. An important aspect in all of this is the ascetic lifestyle of the exegete and his readers: It is only through this way of life that a higher understanding becomes possible; an understanding unavailable to the non-ascetic as well as the heretic, who are not guided by the Spirit. The article concludes that Jerome’s idea of exegesis was deeply communal, and while community was important in claiming humility, Jerome’s theorizing about exegesis contributed to marking his textual community as an elite group of exegetes in the church.

Reliability of YouTube content targeting Arabic-speaking patients with breast cancer regarding post-mastectomy reconstruction.

e13626 Background: The dynamic and easily accessible nature of social media platforms, particularly YouTube (YT), has revolutionized the way breast cancer (BC) patients seek and process information. This study aims to evaluate the quality of YT videos addressing post-mastectomy reconstruction (PMR) that target Arabic-speaking women (ASW), a heavily digitally connected segment of society that may experience challenges in accessing mainstream medical information in Arabic Language (AL). Methods: YT was searched incognito, using the terms: "post mastectomy reconstruction" in (AL) in July 2023. Upload date, video length, number of views, poster identity and other relevant information were compiled. Video understandability and actionability were assessed by physician-reviewers (PR) with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for audiovisual materials (PEMAT A/V), while the DISCERN tool appraised quality. Sponsorship presence, patient vs health care professional narratives, and intended audience were documented. Thematic analysis of most discussed topics was performed. Additionally, cluster analysis was employed to categorize the videos based on their quality. Results: Of 109 videos (mean length: 7 mins.), 67% had sponsorship (of which 45% corporate); 92% were information-based (vs experience-based); 82% targeted general population over BC patients; 93.6% were in AL, and 5.5% had translation. Mean PEMAT scores were 61.3% (understandability) and 20% (actionability). Mean DISCERN score was 2.6/5. Only 21% of videos featured women. Predominant themes were awareness (82.6%), appearance, and body image (68.8%). Less prevalent: sexuality and fertility (4.6%). The likelihood that the PR would recommend the video to a patient was low at 43.1%. Cluster analysis showed that high-quality videos had a higher understandability (74%), actionability (40.5%) and greater likelihood of being recommended by a PR (90.5%). Conclusions: YT content on PMR for ASW is easily understandable but lacks actionability and has moderate overall quality. Videos are highly sponsored and questionably representative of patients’ and women’s perspective. Therefore, Improving YT content, especially in AL, is crucial for supporting BC patients exploring PMR. The identified themes and insights into gender representation provide valuable guidance for content creators aiming to improve digital resources for this digitally connected demographic.

Effects of different nutrition interventions on sarcopenia criteria in older people: A study protocol for a systematic review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.

Sarcopenia, a subject of extensive research, has led to numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews (SR). These reviews aid healthcare professionals by summarizing results and conducting meta-analyses, enhancing reliability. However, the abundance of reviews complicates decision-making on sarcopenia management. To address this, SR of SR have emerged, consolidating data from various sources into comprehensive documents. To assess the isolated impact of dietary interventions on sarcopenia's diagnostic criteria for older individuals. A study protocol for a SR of SR, following Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations. The search strategy includes the MeSH 'sarcopenia' and its subheadings; 'aged' and its subheadings; 'nutrition' and its subheadings; and filter 'systematic review', performed at main databases. Selected studies must include older adults, submitted to nutritional interventions compared to control groups. Quantitative analyses will use inverse variance statistic method (random effects); the effect measures mean difference. Heterogeneity measured with Q-Test. The results of this SR of SR may provide valuable information about the sarcopenia treatment, deepening the knowledge about. This protocol is reproducible, requires low cost and personnel, and may allow a higher understanding on sarcopenia treatment and management on older people.

Strengthening character of cultural conservation through an android application containing public history for high school students in Indonesia

Introduction. The cultural heritage passed down by our ancestors to the next generation must be preserved. It is necessary to understand the history of the formation and development of the preservation of this cultural heritage to know its importance. Innovative methods are needed to increase the awareness and understanding of the younger generation regarding the history and conservation of cultural heritage. This research aims to analyze the strengthening of the character of cultural conservation when students learn history using an Android application with public history content. The public history content developed contains historical narratives of Semarang, as shown in videos. Information about the content is compiled using historical methods, including discussions about the importance of understanding historical heritage conservation for a society. Study participants and methods. This research involved 25 students in the experimental class and 25 in the control class to test the effectiveness of the Android application on students' cultural conservation characteristics. This research was conducted at SMA 5 Semarang (a High School) in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This school is one of the schools in the province with intense research activities. This study uses a quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental methods. The statistical method used is the Pearson chi-square test to evaluate the relationships between relevant categorical variables. Results. The results showed that high school students in the experimental group had a higher understanding and appreciation of public history and cultural conservation than students in the control group. The calculation results (χ² = 8,72; α < 0,05) conclude a significant relationship between the use of Android applications and interest in cultural preservation activities. So, the Android application is called DiHistory, developed to increase students' access to information on historical objects or buildings. This application was developed by the Research Center from the History Education Laboratory at Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. The application is practical in increasing the interest and motivation of high school students to study public history and strive to participate in preserving the local cultural heritage. Practical significance. This research has practical significance in education and cultural preservation in Indonesia. Through the development of the DiHistory application, which contains public history, this research has been proven to strengthen the character of secondary school students by introducing and increasing their understanding of Indonesia's cultural heritage. This research also shows the impact on strengthening character, student involvement, understanding cultural preservation, and increasing awareness. This research combining these aspects, this research has practical significance, which can positively contribute to education, student character, and cultural preservation in Indonesia.

ANALISIS KAPASITAS FUNGSIONAL RSU PKU MUHAMMADIYAH BANTUL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA

PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital has been developing a disaster management hospital concept since 2008. A training through HOPE (Hospital Preparedness for Emergency and Disaster) has been conducted successfully. This research was aimed to measure the functional capacity of the PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul hospital in responding disaster and awareness of the staff as in Contingency Plan. The Hospital Safety Index criteria were used as the measurement instrument, which was consisted of five group indices. A descriptive survey technique was applied by means purposive sampling method. The samples were the staff in the Hospital Disaster Management Boards. A number of 61 questions were required by interview, observation and documents identification method. The hospital’s functional capacity index was calculated as 0.66. The scores varied for each group indices from 0.25 to 0.87. The highest score of 0.87 was obtained for group index of the operational plan, preventive maintenance and critical service restoration, whilst, the disaster emergency plan was assigned to the lowest score as 0.25. The mean score of all staffs about their job descriptions in contingency plan was 75.45 out of 100. Knowledge mean score of formulator staffs was 100 (high), while non formulator staffs was 69.7 (average). The core staff positioned in disaster management gained highest score (80.2), while the supporting staff was 74.7 (average). Hospital functional capacity index was 0.66 assessed in A class, indicating deemed to keep functioned during disaster situation. Awareness of the staffs, who designed Contingency Plan, were higher than the others. Deviation in awareness was also found among the staff involved in Contingency Plan. The manager level had a higher understanding in disaster preparedness if compared to the supporting staff.

Willingness and understanding of the safety and effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines in young children: a cross‐sectional study among parents in Malaysia

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccinations are crucial factors that parents consider when deciding whether to vaccinate their children.AimThis study aimed to investigate parents' understanding of COVID‐19 vaccines and its association with the degree of willingness to vaccinate their young children.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among the public with children younger than 12 years old. Information on parents' demography, understanding of COVID‐19 vaccines and their willingness to get their children vaccinated were collected. The association between the level of understanding and willingness was tested using the One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Predictors of good understanding and high willingness were investigated using multiple linear regression. Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (Reference no: REC [PH]/012/2022) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. A web‐based survey link was distributed through social media platforms. The initial section of the survey included a project information sheet including the purpose of the study, length of questionnaire, identity of researchers and measures taken to ensure data confidentiality and anonymity of participants. Participants provided their consent electronically prior to being granted access to the questionnaire.ResultsOf the 386 respondents, 53.4% had a good understanding, and 74.6% had a high willingness. Only 42.5% agreed that the vaccines are effective in protecting children from getting COVID‐19, 79.5% and 73.3% misunderstood the severity and tendency to experience the side effects, respectively. A better understanding was associated with a higher willingness to vaccinate ([F(4381) = 54.417, p = 0.000). A higher understanding was significantly associated with higher educational status (postgraduate [β = 0.297, p = 0.028] and bachelor [β = 0.275, p = 0.034], work in a health‐related field [β = 0.300, p < 0.001]) and have received a COVID‐19 booster (β = 0.347, p < 0.001). A high willingness was prevalent among parents working in a health‐related field, had received a COVID‐19 booster and had medical condition. Low willingness was observed among parents aged above 30 years old and those who have used herbal medicines.ConclusionIt is of utmost importance to comprehend parents’ understanding of this topic to minimise hesitancy toward COVID‐19 vaccination in children.

The Analysis of Understanding in Seismic – Resilient Infrastructure Planning in Vocational Student’s Civil Engineering

The analysis of understanding in Seismic-Resilient Infrastructure Planning among vocational students in civil engineering is indispensable for multifaceted reasons. This study employs a questionnaire validation test as a means of data collection, utilizing questionnaires to gather information. Simple random sampling was applied to select respondents from Medan State Polytechnic students in their 5th and 7th semesters. The questionnaire is designed to assess students' knowledge of earthquake-resistant infrastructure planning. The research is structured into three segments, focusing on the understanding of earthquake resistance management, structural earthquake resistance, and infrastructure earthquake resistance. The aspect of management seismic resilience understanding ranges from 3.22% to 9.65%. The highest understanding is observed in the awareness of quality control activities, the fifth assessment (9.65%). The lowest understanding is in reduce errors in the implementation of earthquake-resistant construction, the nineth assessment (3.22%). The aspect of structure seismic resilience understanding ranges from 2.78% to 9.48%. The highest understanding is observed in threaded reinforcement, the fourth assessment (9.48%). The lowest understanding is in earthquake-resistant house construction, the seventh assessment (2.78%). The aspect of infrastructure seismic resilience understanding ranges from 5.57% to 15.83%., The highest understanding is observed in earthquake-resistant foundations, the second assessment (15.83%). The lowest understanding is in post-disaster assessment approach, the fifth assessment (5.57%). These percentages likely represent the level of comprehension or proficiency of students in each respective aspect, with higher percentages indicating a better understanding. It is crucial to analyze these results collectively and over time to identify trends, strengths, and areas for improvement in the seismic resilience education provided to vocational civil engineering students.

An Assessment of Educational Content and an Audience Engagement Analysis of Dry Eye Disease Videos on YouTube

This study addresses the growing interest in Dry Eye Disease (DED) by evaluating the quality of DED videos on YouTube, gauging audience engagement, and identifying factors influencing viewership. In this cross-sectional study, we collected videos, during July to September 2023, using the keyword ‘dry eye’. A data collection form, including general characteristics and audience engagement metrics, was employed. Two medical experts rated the videos using Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool-Audio Visual (PEMAT-A/V) and custom clinical scoring tool. Among the total 52 videos assessed, 80.8% of speakers were Medical Doctors. Regarding symptoms, only 21.2% of videos mentioned excessive tearing and 34.6% stated blurry vision. The majority (69.2%) mentioned eye drops as a treatment. Lifestyle modification and limiting screen use were addressed by only 34.6% of videos. Out of the total 20, mean clinical index score was 7.5 (±5.4). The mean understandability (total = 11) and actionability (total = 3) scores were 8.1 (±2.0) and 1.7 (±0.98), respectively. Among PEMAT-A/V individual items, only 13.5% offered content summaries, and 23.5% explained actions explicitly. The number of likes, comments and views were significantly higher for the videos with higher understandability and actionability scores. The videos performed well on understandability items; however, explicit actionable items need to be included in videos. Moreover, the public views more and likes understandable and actionable videos. To maximize benefit to the audience, we recommend healthcare professionals use the PEMAT-A/V guidelines for health education content.

Analisis Transformasi Halal Awerness dan Teknologi Blockchain Terhadap Penguatan Halal Value Chain Di Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to see whether Halal Awernes can influence the strengthening of the Halal Value Chain, also to see whether Blockchain Technology can affect the strengthening of the Halal Value Chain. This research method uses a quantitative method that proves the theory or results of previous research. The data used are SMEs in Indonesia, with a random sampling method using the formula according to (HOSMER et al., 1997). So that the obtained data that must be taken amounted to 96 respondents throughout Indonesia. Data analysis uses SPSS 26. The results of this study are Halal Awerness and Blockchain Technology have a positive and significant effect on the Halal Value Chain. This means that, the higher the halal awerness of MSMEs towards halal products will further strengthen the implementation of the Halal Value Chain in Indonesia. The higher understanding and use of blockchain technology in MSMEs will further strengthen the implementation of the Halal Value Chain in Indonesia.

Stakeholders’ Awareness, Understanding, and Acceptability of the Goals and Objectives of a Sports Science and Exercise Program: Basis for Formative Curriculum Evaluation

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the awareness, understanding, and acceptability of the goals and objectives of a sports science program in the Cagayan State University, Philippines among stakeholders, including students, faculty, and industry professionals. Material and Methods: A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 342 stakeholders. The questionnaire consisted of items related to stakeholders' demographic profile, awareness and understanding of the program's goals and objectives, and their acceptability of the program. Results: Results showed that stakeholders had a moderate level of awareness, acceptability, and understanding of the program's goals and objectives, with internal stakeholders having higher understanding in general than external stakeholders. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a need to improve communication and collaboration between the program and external stakeholders to increase their understanding and acceptance of the program's goals and objectives. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for formative curriculum evaluation and curriculum improvement, enabling the program to better meet the needs of students and the industry.

Students’ Eco-Literacy Level at Conservation-Minded University in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze students’ eco-literacy level at a conservation-minded university in Indonesia. Universitas Negeri Semarang has been confirmed as a conservation-minded university in Indonesia. The research’s data source is students’ literacy at a conservation-minded university, Universitas Negeri Semarang. The data were collected from questionnaires and interviews with 200 students. The questionnaire consisted of 126 questions regarding conservation eco-literacy with a Likert scale pattern, with categories: zero understanding, score 1; sufficient understanding, score 2; good understanding, score 3, based on the three pillars of conservation. This questionnaire was completed using a digital application system http://bit.do/sisteravasi. Based on the result of digital application system-based data analysis, students’ eco-literacy levels at conservation-minded universities are: (1) regarding the value and character pillar, the highest understanding is with care conservation eco-literacy (85%); (2) in terms of art and culture pillar, the highest understanding is walking culture conservation eco-literacy (80%); and (3) concerning the natural resources and environment pillar, the highest understanding is organic waste conservation eco-literacy (80%). Students’ eco-literacy level at conservation-minded universities based on digital application systems may serve as a model to help linguists examine literacy levels in other studies.
 
 Received: 30 August 2022 / Accepted: 22 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022

Flash Flood Disaster Mitigation Through Environmental Education

Flash flood disasters often hit many areas in Indonesia and can generate various losses. These conditions are exacerbated by people’s low knowledge and interest in their environment. Therefore, if people’s environmental education increases, especially their flood disaster mitigation knowledge, they can be prepared and better protect themselves from such disasters. People’s environmental education must start from determining the reason of the flood disaster in their environment to discovering how to avoid the disaster. This research design is a one-group post-test design. The collected data in this research is a written test result about knowledge in flash flood disaster mitigation materials as an implementation in environmental education in the community. The research data results were analyzed by means of simple regression, logistics regression, and correlation. Based on this research, environmental education with disaster mitigation materials has a high understanding level. In the disaster step, the highest understanding is before it happens. The correlation between educational strata and gender on environmental education and disaster mitigation materials is low. Finally, the role of women in disaster mitigation needs to improve because they have a higher understanding than males of disaster mitigation materials.

Knowledge of dental professionals and Dental students on bisphosphonates and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws

Introduction and objective: the present study assessed the knowledge of dentists and dental students about bisphosphonates and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BAONJ). Methodology: a survey was applied to dentists and dental students during dental meetings in the city of Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil. Results were descriptively and comparatively analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: the final sample (n=308) was composed mostly by young adults, females (n=233; 76%) and 52% (n=159) were dental students. Most participants (n=185; 60%) were derived from private dental schools. From the total, 79% (n=243) of the participants told they had some information about bisphosphonates, 68% (n=209) recognized BAONJ as a possible side effect of their use, and 84% (n=259) considered important to ask about bisphosphonates use during anamnesis. Participants with more access to information, derived from public dental schools and graduate dentists demonstrated a higher understanding about the indications for bisphosphonates use, their action mechanism, BAONJ as an adverse effect, risk factors associated with the drugs, oral risk factors and oral care measures important to BAONJ risk reduction. Conclusions: there are several knowledge gaps on bisphosphonates and BAONJ and understanding these difficulties is important for the establishment of strategies of diffusion of the information and changing teaching models in dental schools, dental meetings and extension activities.

Tingkat Religiusitas Siswa (Studi Di SMA Negeri 1 Sangkulirang Kutai Timur)

Religiosity is a condition in an individual that encourages him to behave according to the level of his desire for religion. Thus, it is not impossible or very possible, that a person's religion or diversity will determine his attitude, not for students whose main task is learning. The higher understanding and knowledge of religion or religion will show a tendency to pay more attention to positive things. This article aims to measure the level of religiosity of students in SMA Negeri 1 Sangkulirang. The technique used to analyze the data in this study is a quantitative descriptive technique. This means that the average student religiosity of SMA Negeri 1 Sangkulirang is calculated through a frequency distribution table to determine the level/quality of each aspect of the dimension of student religiosity which includes the dimensions of ideology, ritual, practice, consequences, and intellectual dimensions. The results of the calculation of the average value of religiosity through the SPSS program, it is known that the lowest student religiosity value in SMA Negeri 1 Sangkulirang is 32.45, the highest value is 63.12, while the range of values ​​is 30.67. From the column of religiosity level, it is known that the average value is 49.999. After being consulted with the table of criteria for the level of religiosity, it appears that the average is in the interval of 47.79-55.44 with the "high" category. Thus it can be said that the level of religiosity of students at SMA Negeri 1 Sangkulirang is in the "high" category with an average of 49.999 on a scale of 47.79-55.44. A person's level of religiosity certainly varies according to the religious experience he goes through, and the factors that influence it are very diverse ranging from personal experience, family factors, playmates, education, economy, and so on.

The Danish RESPEKT Campaign: Impact of a National Mass Media Campaign Aiming to Increase Treatment Seeking for Alcohol Use Disorders

Background: A minority of all with alcohol use disorders seek treatment. In Denmark, a media campaign, “RESPEKT,” has been broadcast nationwide since 2015. The campaign is unique from an international perspective and aims to increase treatment-seeking. Similar interventions have, up until now, not been scientifically evaluated. Aim: To investigate campaign awareness, understanding, attitudes, and information-seeking pre- and post the campaign period. Also, associations to demographic factors and year of campaign will be investigated. Method: Study design: Repeated cross-sectional study Participants: Adults aged 30–70 years, in total n = 9169. Data: Pre- and post the campaign period between 2017 and 2020, an online questionnaire was administered by a market research company. The questionnaire covered demographic data, campaign awareness, understanding, attitudes, and information-seeking about treatment for alcohol use disorders. In addition, complete-case logistic regression was performed to model dichotomous outcomes, and odds ratios were calculated. Results: Campaign awareness varied between 8 and 40% over the different years. Understanding of the main message was high and received higher endorsements over the study period. A majority expressed positive attitudes toward the campaign and support for the main message regarding free treatment. However, very few self-reported seeking information about AUD treatment. Female sex was associated with higher awareness of the campaign, higher understanding and more positive attitudes toward the campaign. Conclusion: The campaign evoked positive attitudes and had an impact on increasing knowledge and changing attitudes. However, no effect on self-reported information seeking about treatment was found.

Community Empowerment Against Efforts to Prevent the Transmission of the Covid-19 Virus Through Socialization of The Implementation of the 3M Movement at the University of Muhammadiyah North Maluku Campus

The COVID-19 pandemic is an event of the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (English: Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19) throughout the world for all countries. This disease is caused by a new type of corona virus called SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 outbreak was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei, China on December 1, 2019, and was designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The purpose of IbM activities is to increase community participation in preventing transmission of Covid-19 through the application of the 3M movement. The method of this activity is to visit residents' homes, lectures, questions and answers, FGDs and assistive devices, namely laptops, stickers, posters and masks by involving the community, namely the campus community (Fikes students), the Gambesi Village community and the Sasa village community. The results of the IbM activity are (1) the public can understand the application of the 3M movement to prevent the transmission of covid-19. (2) the public realizes that the application of 3M can reduce the risk of transmission of covid-19. With the implementation of the IbM activity, it can be concluded that the public has a higher understanding and awareness of the efforts to implement the 3M movement to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus on the North Maluku Muhammadiyah University campus. From IbM activities, it is suggested to the public to always apply health protocols through the 3M movement, namely wearing masks, washing hands and keeping a distance when doing activities.

The synergetic effect of initial accounting courses, students performance and professional guidance on accounting career

Accounting career has received criticisms right from the University students, Accounting Professional Bodies and the Business World at large. Organizations both public and private sectors have all pointed figures at the poor quality of accounting graduates which Universities are producing. The main objective of this study was to assess the synergetic effect of Initial Accounting Courses, Students Performance and Professional Guidance on Accounting Career. The rationale was that students who performed well in the Initial Accounting courses were expected to excel in the other advanced accounting courses, given the chronological nature of accounting courses. Students were also expected to transfer the same knowledge to the accounting practice in the business world. This would be possible due to students’ relatively higher understanding and appreciation of accounting. It was also expected that Professional Guidance specific to the Accounting Career gave students adequate insights into the discipline that heightened the probability of their choosing Accounting Career. A conceptual framework was used to explain the key factors studied that indicated the interactive relationships amongst them. Four Theories were used including; Wearing Two Hats Theory, Social Learning Theory, Theory of Consumer Behaviour and Theory of Reasoned Action. The population of the study were the Bachelors of Commerce students from 29 Kenyan Universities. The sample comprised of the selected Bachelors of Commerce students from the selected twelve Kenyan Universities. The study adopted a cross sectional research design with a mixture of purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. A pilot study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the study instruments. A researcher designed questionnaire was used to collect data from sampled students. Logistic regression model was used to test the null hypothesis which was rejected at 5% level of significance. The findings revealed a positive significant synergetic effect of The First Course in Accounting, Students Performance and Professional Guidance on Accounting Career. The study concluded that the synergetic effect of the three variables were greater than the sum of the individual variables. The study’s contribution to knowledge is that the survival of Accounting Career should be pegged on the synergetic effect of the First Course in Accounting, Students Performance and Professional Guidance. Unless this is adopted, Accounting Career’s survival will still be at a risk and therefore remain unresolved.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) for undergraduate medical students in Sudan: sources of information, knowledge about terms, skills related to EBM and attitude toward EBM in Sudan

BackgroundEvidence-based medicine (EBM) is the use of the current best evidence for patient care. Medical students should critically appraise the research evidence to help them during their clinical practice in the future. We conducted this study to assess the skills, terms and attitude toward EBM.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study for medical students from governmental universities. Students completed an online validated questionnaire consisting of several sections to assess skills, attitude and knowledge about terms related to EBM. We used a scale ranging from 1(strongly disagree) to 5(strongly agree) for the 11 questions assessing the attitude and a scale ranging from 1(Poor) to 5(advanced) for EBM skills.ResultsA total of 761 medical students with a mean age of 21.97 ± 1.64 participated in the study. 327 (43 %) of them were males. The most commonly used search engines were Google 690 (91 %) and Wikipedia 465 (61 %). Medical books 719 (94 %) and lecture notes 353 (46 %) were the most common sources for health information. The majority of students rated their skills related to EBM as average and below average for all questions (overall = 2.18 ± 0.8). Students rated their skills as poor (31 %) in locating professional literature, as average (34 %) in searching online databases, poor (42 %) in critical appraisal of a scientific publication reporting findings from clinical research and poor (36 %) in Critical appraisal of available scientific literature. Regarding attitude, the overall mean score was 2.83 ± 0.76. There is no significant difference in attitude score between students with or without EBM training (P = 0.2).The terms with the highest understanding were case-control study (45 %) and case report (44 %) for study design. Median (44 %) and sample size (43 %) for statistics. Incidence (46 %) and prevalence (44 %) for epidemiology.ConclusionsMedical students have a knowledge gap in skills and terms related to EBM and an average attitude towards EBM. The majority of them were using a nonscientific search engine to obtain medical information. There is a need to educate students about the proper steps for getting the scientific literature and EBM skills.

코로나-19 상황에서 대학 미용관련학과에서 실시한 대면, 비대면 교육에 대한 비교연구

The purpose of this study is to prepare a educational innovation in the post-corona era by conducting a comparative study on offline and online beauty education conducted by university beauty-related departments in the COVID-19 situation. To this end, from April 1 to April 19, 2021, 437 students and graduates of university beauty-related departments in the metropolitan area who experienced offline and online education under the COVID-19 situation are surveyed by the Naver office form. The questionnaire was analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, and x2-test using SPSS 12.0. The study results are as follows; First, the proportion of students who wanted offline classes was higher in practical subjects than in theory subjects. Second, the most appropriate offline class time was 30 minutes per 1 class for both theoretical and practical subjects, but the practical subjects’ average was higher. Third, in both theoretical and practical subjects, the online content utilization class showed higher satisfaction than the real-time interactive class. Fourth, there was no problem with device accessibility during offline classes. Fifth, the most used, the highest understanding, and the most convenient device for offline classes were laptops. Sixth, in post-COVID, the most wanted theoritical class’s one is offline 60%-online 40%, and practical class’s ratio is offline 100%-online 0%, and hoped proportion of offline classes for practical subjects is more than theoretical one.

Should U Rly Be Txtng Ur S/O:

This paper examines the impact of phone-based communication and the language of texting on romantic relationships in the United States. Texting has become an integral aspect of romantic relationships for many young adults (Luo 2014), but expert opinion is divided on the subject. Certain studies have shown that texting may lead to “disconnect” and mixed signals, further amplified by the lack of “standardization in [emoji] deployment. Conversely, others have found that the similarity of mobile communication between partners may lead to “higher understanding” and greater relationship satisfaction, and emoji usage can be effective in cross-cultural engagement and as a signal of conversational and relational exclusivity. Through an analysis of research in media and relationships, the paper argues that the ambiguity presented by texting and phone-based communication can be dangerous, but can also contribute to powerful in-group and pro-social activity. If misused, the effect on romantic relationships can be adverse, so it is crucial that both partners are aware of the possible pitfalls to be able to navigate them with care.