Higher Ultimate Tensile Strength Research Articles

CMC/Gel/GO 3D-printed cardiac patches: GO and CMC improve flexibility and promote H9C2 cell proliferation, while EDC/NHS enhances stability.

In this research, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/gelatin (Gel)/graphene oxide (GO)-based scaffolds were produced by using extrusion-based 3D printing for cardiac tissue regeneration. Rheological studies were conducted to evaluate the printability of CMC/Gel/GO inks, which revealed that CMC increased viscosity and enhanced printability. The 3D-printed cardiac patches were crosslinked with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-n'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/ N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (100:20 mM, 50:10 mM, 25:5 mM) and then characterized by mechanical analysis, electrical conductivity testing, contact angle measurements and degradation studies. Subsequently, cell culture studies were conducted to evaluate the viability of H9C2 cardiomyoblast cells by using the Alamar Blue assay and fluorescence imaging. A high concentration of EDC/NHS (100:20 mM) led to the stability of the patches; however, it drastically reduced the flexibility of the scaffolds. Conversely, a concentration of 25:5 mM resulted in flexible but unstable scaffolds in PBS solution. The suitable EDC/NHS concentration was found to be 50:10 mM, as it produced flexible, stable, and stiff cardiac scaffolds with high ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Mechanical characterization revealed that % the strain at break of C15/G7.5/GO1 exhibited a remarkable increase of 61.03% compared to C15/G7.5 samples. The improvement of flexibility was attributed to the hydrogen bonding between CMC, Gel and GO. The electrical conductivity of 3D printed CMC/Gel/GO cardiac patches was 7.0×10-3 S/cm, demonstrating suitability for mimicking the desired electrical conductivity of human myocardium. The incorporation of 1 wt% of GO and addition of CMC concentration from 7.5 wt % to 15 wt % significantly enhanced relative % cell viability. Overall, although this research is at its infancy, CMC/Gel/GO cardiac patches have potential to improve the physiological function of cardiac tissue.

Study on Welding Characteristics and Parameters of Gas Metal Arc Welding for A516 Grade 70 Steel with ER70S-6 and ER308LSi Filler Materials.

Welding is a crucial process in joining metals, especially in the fabrication industry. Thisresearch aimed to investigate the effects of using two different filler materials, ER70S-6 and ER308LSi, with nine combinations of wire feeder speed (WFS) and shielding gas flow rate (GFR), on weld joints. The study focused on the weld quality and material properties of Gas Metal Arc Welded (GMAW) butt joints of ASTM A516 G70 plates, characterized through visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, tensile testing, hardness testing, and optical microscopy. Results indicated that the highest ultimate tensile strength and hardness were achieved at 4 m/min WFS and 15 L/min GFR with ER70S-6, and 5 m/min WFS and 20 L/min GFR with ER308LSi. The specimens welded with ER308LSi demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to those welded with ER70S-6. Additionally, the study revealed the influence of microstructural changes from the base metal (BM) to the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ), with finer and more compact grain structures contributing to higher hardness values. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate filler materials, WFS, and GFR to achieve the desired weld quality and material properties for A516 G70 low-carbon steel welded joints.

Sintering densification mechanism of binder jet 3D printing 316L stainless steel parts via dimensional compensation technology

The dimensional compensation technology can achieve high dense metal parts with precise dimensions for binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP). In this study, two models (cuboid and gear) of BJ3DP 316L stainless steel (BJ3DP316LSS) parts were established. Numerical simulation and experimental volume shrinkage of the BJ3DP316LSS sintered parts via dimensional compensations technology were investigated. When the dimensional compensation coefficient was set as 1.25, the BJ3DP316LSS cuboids and gears exhibited high densification as 99.6% and 99.4%, respectively. The experimental dimension deviation rates of cuboid and gear parts after dimensional compensations ranged from −3.56% to −0.15% and from 0.89% to 3.42%, respectively. Due to twinning-induced plasticity mechanism, the BJ3DP316LSS sintered gear part via dimensional compensation technology exhibited high hardness (∼139 HV), high yield strength (∼249 MPa), high ultimate tensile strength (∼546 MPa) and excellent elongation (∼62%), which are higher than those of the reported 316LSS samples.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of an elevated temperature L12-type Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Ti-V-B-based high-entropy intermetallic

In this study, a novel L12-type Ni46.6Co23.3Cr10Al9Ti6V5B0.1 high-entropy intermetallic (HEI) with the excellent strength-ductility combination at 25 ℃ and 800 ℃ was prepared by vacuum arc melting. An ultrahigh volume fraction of cubical L12-type nanoparticles (~81%) was formed uniformly inside the grains after annealing. The intragranular L12 phase, FCC nanolayers, and intergranular blocky FCC precipitations constituted the heterogeneous structure. The annealed HEI exhibits high room-temperature yield strength (~711MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (~937MPa) with large tensile elongation (~17%). The room-temperature plasticity is superior to that of many other simple ordered intermetallics. The yield strength can still be maintained at ~740MPa with a total strain of about 6.7% when tested at 800°C, and its strength is higher than many L12 nanoparticle-strengthened high-entropy alloys. High strength is primarily attributed to the elevated volume fraction of L12 nanoparticles and the significant increase in the antiphase boundary energy caused by the addition of Ti and V elements. The stacking-fault (SF) networks, L-C locks, and K-W locks provide sustained work-hardening capacity, resulting in excellent yield strengths at 25 ℃ and 800 ℃. In addition, the favorable ductility is due to the formation of intragranular disordered FCC nanolayers and grain boundary FCC precipitations, which can avoid premature intergranular fracture.

Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing Elastomeric Polyurethane Aided by Cellulose Nanofibrils.

3D printing of a flexible polyurethane elastomer is highly demandable for its potential to revolutionize industries ranging from footwear to soft robotics thanks to its exceptional design flexibility and elasticity performance. Nevertheless, conventional methods like fused deposition modeling (FDM) and vat photopolymerization (VPP) polyurethane 3D printing typically limit material options to thermoplastic or photocurable polyurethanes. In this research, a water-borne polyurethane ink was synthesized for direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing through the incorporation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), enabling direct printing of complex, monolithic elastomeric structures at room temperature that can maintain the designed structure. Additionally, a solvent-induced fast solidification (SIFS) method was introduced to facilitate room-temperature curing and enhance mechanical properties. The 3D-printed WPU structures demonstrated strong interfacial adhesion, exhibiting high ultimate tensile strength of up to 22 MPa and an elongation at break of 951%. The 3D-printed WPU structures also demonstrated outstanding resilience and durability, capable of enduring more than 100 cycles of compression and tension as well as withstanding vehicle crushing and heavy lifting. This method also shows suitability for 3D printing complex structures such as a vase and an octopus.

Mechanical properties of epoxy composites filled with multi-walled carbon nanotube, Nanoaluminum particles and glass fibers at elevated temperatures

The present work investigates the mechanical properties of a composite material composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nano-aluminum powder (NAP), and glass fibers (GF) for five different compositions. The study further investigated how MWCNTs contribute to maintaining the mechanical properties of nanocomposites when exposed to elevated temperatures, up to 180 °C. The evaluation of impact strength revealed that the nanocomposite, composed of 2 % MWCNTs, 15 % NAP, and 10 % GF, demonstrated the greatest impact strength. At room temperature, the composite containing 2 % MWCNTs, 5 % NAP, and 20 % GF exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Conversely, at elevated temperatures reaching up to 180 °C, the highest UTS was observed in the composition with 2 % MWCNTs, 10 % NAP, and 15 % GF. The hardness of the nanocomposite was influenced by its composition; at room temperature, the maximum hardness was observed in the mixture containing 2 % MWCNTs, 20 % NAP, and 5 % GF. In contrast, at elevated temperatures, the composition with 2 % MWCNTs, 5 % NAP, and 20 % GF exhibited the highest hardness. Overall, the study found that incorporating GF and NAP improved the mechanical properties of the composite. These results indicate that the composite's performance could be further optimized for specific applications through the addition of filler materials.

Feasibility of manufacturing high-aspect-ratio hollow tubes of SS410 through wire-arc directed energy deposition

This study reports new observations from the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio hollow tubes of SS410 through wire-arc directed energy deposition (wire-arc DED) process. Characterisation work was performed on a single tube as a function of its build height. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1372 MPa and maximum yield strength (YS) of 980 MPa were achieved in the middle region of the tube. The highest UTS in the middle was attributed to the low delta ferrite content. The reduction of delta ferrite was found to be linked with the repetitive heating and cooling. In contrast, the top and bottom sections exhibit a substantial presence of delta ferrite, indicating that the cyclic effects were not considerable. Nevertheless, the presence of significant ductility in the bottom region of the component indicated the occurrence of tempering effects. This observation is further supported by the lower levels of local strain observed using KAM mapping. Overall, this work proposes a novel fabrication method for producing hollow sections with superior strength and ductile properties.

Development of novel Gd-Fe/Ti composites with tunable thermal expansion property

Abstract Titanium alloys are considered one of the most promising materials. However, their poor thermal expansion property remains a major obstacle to their widespread application. In this study, we explored an innovative design strategy to tune the thermal expansion properties of titanium alloy. Specifically, we used rare earth iron intermetallic compounds (Gd-Fe IMCs) with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as expansion inhibitors to prepare composites with the required thermal expansion properties via in situ reaction. The morphology and size of Gd-Fe IMCs can be effectively controlled by electromagnetic and ultrasonic fields, resulting in a dense distribution of micro/nano-structured Gd-Fe IMCs and strong interfacial bonding of the composites. This alloy has an excellent CTE of 6.8 × 10−6/K and a high ultimate tensile strength of 921 MPa. The improvement in the physical properties (especially in thermal expansion properties) of titanium alloy can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Gd-Fe IMCs and Ti matrix. This design strategy can also be extended to other titanium alloys as a reference for designing low thermal expansion titanium alloys.

Achieving unexpected strength and ductility synergies in heterogeneous metastable lamellar steels

High-strength steel with excellent ductility is pivotal for the formability and safety of critical structural components. Here, a heterogeneous metastable lamellar steel, composed of alternating lamellar ferrite and austenite aligned with the rolling direction, was developed through an innovative combination of warm rolling and immediate annealing processes. This novel design overcomes the strength-ductility trade-off, achieving high ultimate tensile strength (∼1.2 GPa) and excellent uniform elongation (∼78%), pushing the product of ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation to an ultra-high level (> 90 GPa %). The high tensile strength is attributed to ultrafine lamellar grains and significant work hardening induced by the hetero-deformation and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. The exceptional ductility is a result of the synergy of multiple plasticity mechanisms, including (i) the inherent plastic deformation ability of lamellar microstructure and the hetero-deformation-induced hardening in the early deformation period, (ii) the persistent TRIP effect induced by the lamellar austenite with high mechanical stability and the elimination of strain localization caused by prolonged strain hardening due to the coordinated deformation of lamellar austenite and ferrite in the middle deformation period, and (iii) delamination cracking in the late deformation period. This approach adopted in current work offers a straightforward and economically feasible pathway for fabricating advanced high-strength steel with superior performance.

Excellent strength-ductility synergy assisted by dislocation dipole-induced plasticity in Co-free precipitate-strengthened medium-entropy alloy

Precipitation strengthening is one of the most effective approaches for developing advanced structural materials with outstanding strength-ductility combinations. However, most compositional designs of precipitate-strengthened HEAs/MEAs compromise the cost-property tradeoff owing to the addition of expensive Co element. In this study, a Co-free FeCrNi-based precipitate-strengthened medium entropy alloy (denoted as Al0.2Cr0.9FeNi2.2Ti0.2) with a near-equiatomic FeCrNi matrix and a high content (∼ 35 %) L12 nanoprecipitates was designed using a mixing strategy. The microstructural features, mechanical performance, deformation substructure evolution, and strengthening mechanisms were systematically investigated using EBSD, TEM, and APT. Tensile tests indicated that the current alloy aged within a moderate temperature range achieved an exceptional strength-ductility combination compared to existing Co-containing and Co-free HEAs/MEAs. Particularly, the alloy aged at 700 ℃ (denoted as 700A) demonstrated a high ultimate tensile strength of 1606 MPa and a large ductility of 25 %, benefiting from both precipitation hardening and an unusual strain-hardening sustainability. Such anomalous strain-hardening sustainability can be attributed to the dislocation dipole-induced plasticity. High-density dislocation dipoles can simultaneously provide additional strain hardening by reducing the dislocation mean free path and enhance plastic deformation compatibility by acting as stress delocalization origins, thereby contributing to excellent strength-ductility synergy. These findings will not only open a new door for the future development of high-performance Co-free precipitate-strengthened HEAs/MEAs, but also deepen the understanding of the work-hardening mechanisms in these alloys.

Shear behavior of short stud in I-beam-ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composite structure

As the connecting component of I-beam and UHPC, the stud is the basis of the cooperative work of each component, and is crucial to the stability and safety of the structure. To further study the shear behavior of studs in I-beam-UHPC composite structures, the push-out test was carried out by numerical simulation. The numerical simulation is in line with the load-relative slip curve and failure mode obtained by the experiment, verifying the accuracy of the numerical model. On the basis of verifying the model, the influences of the diameter, height and ultimate tensile strength of the stud on the relative slip curve, shear strength, yield strength and shear stiffness of the stud are studied. The findings indicate that a stud with a diameter of 22 mm exhibits a shear strength 156% greater than that of a stud with a diameter of 10 mm. Additionally, the yield strength increases by 135%, and the shear stiffness by 160 kN, highlighting the significant impact of stud diameter on shear resistance. When the ratio of length to diameter is less than 2.7, the shear strength of the stud increases with the height of the stud. The shear strength of a stud with a length-to-diameter ratio of 2.7 is 35% higher than that of a stud with a ratio of 1.5. The ultimate tensile strength of the stud ranges from 360 to 510 MPa, with only an 11 kN increase in yield strength, indicating that the ultimate tensile strength has a limited influence on shear properties. As the height of the stud decreases, its ultimate tensile strength gradually increases, bringing the numerical model closer to the predicted values. For shorter studs with higher ultimate tensile strength, the finite element simulation results are closer to the predicted values.

Electron beam welding of the novel L12 nanoparticles-strengthened medium-entropy alloy Ni41.4Co23.3Cr23.3Al3Ti3V6: Microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture

Although low levels of vanadium-doping can enhance the friction stress and strength of L12-nanoparticles strengthened medium-entropy alloys (MEA), how high concentrations of vanadium affect the weldability, microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior remains unknown. In this work, we designed a vanadium-doped, L12-nanoparticle-strengthened MEA Ni41.4Co23.3Cr23.3Al3Ti3V6 (at.%), which showed a high fracture toughness of 238 MPa × m1/2, a high friction stress of 410 MPa, and a Hall-Petch strengthening coefficient of 782 MPa × μm1/2. Pieces of the HEA were joined using electron-beam welding (EBW). Strong yet ductile defect-free joints were produced which had coarse columnar grains (88 μm) with a {110}<001> texture in the fusion zone, which was larger than the equiaxed grains in the heat-affected zones (14.9 μm) which had strong {110}<001> and relatively weak {110}<112> texture. In contrast, the base materials had fine grains (2.2 μm) with a strong {110}<111> and a relatively weak {110}<112> texture. The EBWed MEA showed a high yield strength of 599 MPa, a high ultimate tensile strength of 939 MPa, a good fracture strain of 20 %, and a fracture toughness of 198 MPa × m1/2, which were 75 %, 83 %, 58 %, and 83 %, respectively, of the values of for the thermo-mechanically treated counterpart. The reduced strength arose from the coarse columnar grains, while the reduced fracture strain and fracture toughness could be ascribed to the reduced deformation twinning and the absence of annealing twins, which produced a poor strain hardening capability. The EBWed MEA exhibited abundant dislocation networks, indicating that a high concentration of vanadium inhibited the occurrence of stacking faults and nanoscale deformation twins.

Ultrasonic Influence on Macrostructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Al/Mg Sheets with 2 mm Thickness.

Friction stir welding (FSW) and ultrasonic vibration enhanced FSW (UVeFSW) experiments were conducted by using 6061-T6 Al alloy and AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy sheets of thickness 2 mm. The suitable process parameters windows were obtained for the butt joining of Al/Mg sheets. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the macrostructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints was studied. The results showed that the width of the weld nugget zone (WNZ) was enlarged to some extent and the hardness distribution in WNZ was more uniform in UVeFSW. In addition, the application of ultrasonic vibration effectively promoted the interpenetration degree of dissimilar materials in the WNZ so that the mechanical interlocking on the bonding interface of dissimilar Al/Mg materials was enhanced. The facture positions were changed from the bonding interface in FSW to the boundary between WNZ and the thermo-mechanical affected zone, and the ductile fracture zone was expanded. The highest ultimate tensile strength was 205 MPa at the process parameters set of 1200 rpm-50 mm/min in UVeFSW in this experiment. The average ultimate tensile strength of FSW/UVeFSW joints was 172.3 MPa and 184.4 MPa, respectively, and the average ultimate tensile strength was increased by 7.02% with the introduction of ultrasonic vibration.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Fe–30Mn–3Al–3Si TWIP steel using laser powder bed fusion

Twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) high manganese steel demonstrates high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility, but its low yield strength limits its applications. This study presents the additive manufacturing of Fe–30Mn–3Al–3Si TWIP steel using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with enhanced mechanical properties. The average grain size of the LPBF-fabricated Fe–30Mn–3Al–3Si was 5.4 ± 1.3 μm, which was only one-tenth of that of a wrought one. In-situ formed Al-rich oxide nanoparticles were observed to be uniformly distributed in the matrix. The size of the oxide nanoparticles was about 30 nm with a volume fraction of about 0.9 %. The tensile yield strength was 554 ± 3 MPa and the UTS was 837 ± 7 MPa with an elongation of 41.5 ± 2.6 % for horizontal direction. Low anisotropy was observed for LPBF-fabricated Fe–30Mn–3Al–3Si. Compared with the wrought Fe–30Mn–3Al–3Si, the yield strength was increased by 140 %. This work provides a benchmark for the additive manufacturing of high manganese steel.

Influences of post-weld artificial aging on microstructural and tensile properties of friction stir-welded Al-Zn-Mg-Si-Cu aluminum alloy joints

In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical and microstructural properties of welded joints after friction stir welding of age-hardenable Al-Zn-Mg-Si-Cu wrought aluminum alloy plates was investigated. For this purpose, some of the samples welded using FSW technique with a rotational speed of 1250 rpm and a traverse speed of 40 mm·min-1 were subjected to annealing and some to artificial aging heat treatment at different temperatures and times. In FSWed artificial aged samples where AlFeSi precipitate formations were detected, hardness and strength increase were realized with grain-boundary strengthening and Orowan hardening mechanisms. The lowest ultimate tensile strength was 156.3 N·mm-2 in the annealed sample, while the highest ultimate tensile strength was 210.8 N·mm-2 in the sample artificially aged at 190 °C for 2 hours. Fractographic examination revealed that ductile fracture occurred in all specimens.

Wire arc additive manufacturing of ZL205A: Heat input effect on the forming quality, pore defects and mechanical properties

The magnitude of heat input (HI) plays a pivotal role in determining the deposition quality of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) components. This article studies the effects of high and low HI on the forming quality, microstructure, pore defects, and mechanical properties of ZL205A parts, providing a theoretical foundation for choosing optimal HI parameters in the utilization of WAAM technology to fabricate ZL205A structural components. In this study, four thin-walled walls, SP1, SP2, SP3, and SP4, were manufactured with HI of 300.12, 200.08, 163.70, and 138.51 J/mm, respectively. The findings show that the SP4 has the least side forming error, and the maximum deposition efficiency, resulting in the best forming quality. From microstructural studies，SP4 has the lowest average grain size, 72μm. The quantity of θ phases (Al2Cu) on the grain boundary and the quantity and size of θ' phases in the middle and bottom grains both diminish with decreasing HI. As the HI decreases, the porosity of the four samples shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with the highest being 1.41 % of the SP1. This change is explained from the four stages of bubble nucleation, growth, detachment, and escape. Reducing HI can significantly improve the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and yield strength (YS) of the specimen. The SP4 has the highest UTS and YS, which are 232.99 MPa and 101.20 MPa, respectively.

Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Plasma Arc-Welded 316 Stainless Steel.

This study investigates the effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of plasma arc-welded 316 stainless steel. The experimental parameters included the solid solution temperatures of 650 °C and 1050 °C, solid solution durations of 1 h and 4 h, and quenching media of water and air. The mechanical properties were evaluated using Vickers hardness testing, tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM). The highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 693.93 MPa and Vickers hardness of 196.4 in the welded zone were achieved by heat-treating at 650 °C for one hour, quenching in water, and aging at 500 °C for 24 h. Heat-treating at 650 °C for one hour, followed by quenching in water and aging at 500 °C for 24 h results in larger dendritic δ grains and contains more σ phase compared to the other conditions, resulting in increased strength and hardness. Additionally, it shows wider and shallower dimple structures, which account for its reduced impact toughness.

Investigation of the mechanical properties of lead-free Sn-58Bi solder alloy with cobalt addition through flux doping

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of incorporating cobalt (Co) into Sn-58Bi alloy on its phase composition, tensile properties, hardness and thermal aging performances. The fracture morphologies of tensile-tested solders are also investigated to correlate the microstructural changes with tensile properties of the solder alloys. Then, the thermal aging performances of the solder alloys are investigated in terms of their intermetallic compound (IMC) layer morphology and thickness.Design/methodology/approachThe Sn-58Bi and Sn-58Bi-xCo, where x = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Wt.%, were prepared using the flux doping technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to study the phase composition of the solder alloys, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are used to investigate the microstructure, fractography and compositions of the solders. Tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Young’s modulus and elongation are tested using the tensile test, whereas the microhardness value is gained from the micro-Vickers hardness test. The morphology and thickness of the IMC layer at the solder’s joints are investigated by varying the thermally aging duration up to 56 days at 80°C.FindingsXRD analysis shows the presence of Co3Sn2 phase and confirms that Co was successfully incorporated via the flux doping technique. The microstructure of all Sn-58Bi-xCo solders did not differ significantly from Sn-58Bi solders. Sn-58Bi-2.0Co solder exhibited optimum properties among all compositions, with the highest UTS (87.89 ± 2.55 MPa) at 0.01 s−1 strain rate and the lowest IMC layer thickness at the interface after being thermally aged for 56 days (3.84 ± 0.67 µm).Originality/valueThe originality and value of this research lie in its novel exploration of the flux doping technique to introduce minor alloying of Co into Sn-58Bi solder alloys, providing new insights into enhancing the properties and performance of these solders. This new Sn-Bi-Co alloy has the potential to replace lead-containing solder alloy in low-temperature soldering.

Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance improvement of TiAlSnMo alloys via Mo addition

In this paper, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-xMo (TASxM, x = 0,5,10,15 wt%) alloys were designed and prepared. Phase compositon and microstructure analysis results indicate that the addition of Mo reduces the phase transition point of TASxM alloys, stabilizes more β phase to room temperature, and refines the α grains. The strength of the TASxM alloys exhibits a positive correlation with the increasing Mo content within 10 wt%, and the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) can be obtained in TAS10M (1260 MPa), which can be primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of phase transition, solid solution strengthening, and fine grain strengthening. Interestingly, the UTS of TAS15M unexpectedly decreases to 724 MPa, which is strongly influenced by the altered slip system numbers resulting from the β/α phase ratio. Even more intriguing is the observation of stress-induced martensitic transformation in the deformed TAS15M alloy, often resulting in a substantial influence on elongation. The corrosion resistance of the TASxM alloy has also been investigated through electrochemical experiments. The findings reveal that the corrosion resistance of the TASxM alloy is enhanced with the elevation of Mo content, peaking at TAS15M. This improved resistance is attributed to the augmented β phase content and the formation of protective MoO2 and MoO3 oxide films on the surface of alloy.

Experimental analysis of hybrid AM60 magnesium composites reinforced with TiC and TiB2 via stir casting

Rapid progress was made in the development of additive manufacturing process, which went commencing being uncomplicated model substitutes to talented additive process. With powders, additive method such as full melting, segment by segment material fusion, and congeal of fine particles may present inimitable opportunities and compensation. Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) are employed as reinforcements in the creation of AM60-based hybrid metal matrix magnesium composites. Hybrid AM60 nanocomposites were made using well-known additive manufacturing techniques such selective laser melting. The AM60 bar was created from cylindrical type specimens. The reinforcements are increased by percentages two combination of hybrid composites are prepared AM60 with 4 % Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) and 8 % Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2). Consequences of the reinforcement were evaluated using micro tensile and micro hardness tests. Among the samples and specimens are showed in harmony through ASTM values, micro tensile and micro hardness characteristics are evaluated using Digital tensometer instrument and a Vickers hardness tester. Vickers Hardness Numbers (VHN) for AM60 magnesium alloy with 4, and 8 % reinforcing are 185.9, and 206.8, respectively. The highest ultimate tensile strengths are, respectively, 703.15, and 809.9 MPa. An Optical Micrograph is used to evaluate the bonding structure of composites, while a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) is used to evaluate micro tensile specimens. The greater impact of the different reinforcements Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) has led to more improved tensile and hardness properties.