Higher Survival Rate Research Articles

Clinical behavior and survival of CAD-CAM resin nanoceramic and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations on endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Attempting to combine the mechanical and optical properties of ceramics and composite resins to mimic natural teeth has led to the emergence of resin nanoceramics and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network materials. Systematic reviews on the survival of these materials in endodontically treated teeth are lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the survival of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin nanoceramics and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations on endodontically treated teeth and to describe the incidence of complications. The study was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database and adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search across 6 online databases was performed. Clinical studies which involved CAD-CAM manufactured resin nanoceramics and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations on endodontically treated teeth were included. Several investigators independently conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment processes. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Failure rates were analyzed using Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 3- and 5-year survival proportions, which were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed for material type and restoration design (α=.05). The search resulted in 250 studies after duplicate removal, and 11 articles were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis of 289 restorations revealed an overall estimated failure rate of 3.44 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.67-4.21) per 100 restoration years, equivalent to a survival rate of 90.2% (95% CI: 88.1-92.3%) after 3 years and 84.2% (95% CI: 81.0-87.5%) after 5 years. A significantly lower (P<.001) failure rate was reported for polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations (1.61, CI: 0.87-2.36) compared with resin nanoceramic restorations (5.97, CI: 3.52-8.41). Partial-coverage restorations (3.45, 95% CI: 1.98-4.92) had a significantly lower (P<.001) failure rate compared with 1-piece endodontic crowns (5.19, 95% CI: 2.75-7.64). Restoration debonding was the main reason for failure. Endodontically treated teeth restored with CAD-CAM manufactured resin nanoceramic and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations have an acceptable survival rate and can be recommended as an alternative to conventional indirect restorative materials. Polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations have a higher survival rate than resin nanoceramic restorations.

Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation Associated With Tracheal Procedures: An Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry Analysis.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been primarily used for respiratory and circulatory failure, but its airway-related use has not been investigated well. Tracheal procedures are a situation when ECMO could be used to support patients during anticipated difficult airway management. The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry was queried for adult patients treated with ECMO in 2010-2022 during the same admission with types of tracheal procedures. Tracheal procedures were divided into surgical procedure and bronchoscopic procedure groups, and the survival rate was analyzed for each procedural type. Two-hundred sixty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria (64 surgical procedures and 205 bronchoscopic procedures), and 173 (64.3%) patients survived to discharge. Among the surgical procedures, tracheal resection was most performed (30 patients; 46.9%) and was associated with a high survival rate to discharge (86.7%; p = 0.003) compared with airway reconstruction (57.1%) and airway injury repair (46.2%). In bronchoscopic procedure, tracheal stent had favorable survival (76.1%; p = 0.004), whereas tumor debulking was associated with poor prognosis (48.3%; p = 0.006). Hemorrhagic complications were seen in 70 (26.0%) patients and were associated with a worse survival rate (58.6%; p < 0.001). Among them, surgical site bleeding was seen in 35 (13.0%) patients and was also associated with worse survival (42.9%; p = 0.007).

Different exercise interventions on quality of sleep in breast cancer survivors—a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

IntroductionBreast cancer is currently the most prevalent cancer globally; however, it generally has a favorable prognosis and is linked to a high survival rate. While effective treatments can extend survival and mitigate associated side effects, not all survivors are exempt from complications. Notably, a significant proportion of survivors experience sleep disorders following surgery, which can severely impact their quality of life. Exercise is frequently recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance sleep quality among breast cancer survivors and may also play a role in reducing recurrence rates. Recognizing that various forms of exercise may yield different outcomes in addressing sleep disorders in this population, we conducted a network review meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of diverse exercise modalities for breast cancer survivors suffering from sleep disturbances.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of individuals diagnosed breast cancer with sleep disorders by different exercise therapy. The primary outcomes included Yoga, Pilates, Qigong, Tai Chi, Walking, Dance, Resistance training, Football, Virtual reality therapy, Activity change exercise, Software-guided exercises. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Bias risk Assessment tool, and network meta-analysis was performed using Stata15 software. The review was pre-registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023442892).ResultsData on 3083 breast cancer survivors with sleep disturbances from 34 eligible randomized controlled trials were analyzed, with 23 classified as medium risk and 2 as high risk. Network meta-analysis showed that walking exercise [Standard Median Different (SMD) =3.06, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI)=(-5.89,-0.23)] significantly improved sleep disorder (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve, SUCRA: 84.5%) and reduced Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score.DiscussionBased on the network ranking table, we can conclude that walking exercise offers greater benefits compared to other exercise interventions for improving sleep quality in breast cancer patients. This finding presents a novel perspective on exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors experiencing sleep disorders.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=442892, identifier CRD42023442892.

Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kiwi: Antifungal and Biofilm-Inhibitory Activities Against Candida albicans

Urogenital infections impact millions of individuals globally each year, with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) being one of the most prevalent conditions affecting women. Candida albicans is the primary pathogen responsible for VVC. The utilization of probiotics as an alternative therapeutic approach to antibiotics in managing such infections has gained increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of THY-F51, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kiwi, as a probiotic to support vaginal health through its antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties against C. albicans. The identification of THY-F51 was confirmed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A series of evaluations were performed to determine its antifungal efficacy against C. albicans, biofilm-inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, and effects on inflammatory cytokines. Cytotoxicity assays and assessments of bacterial survival under vaginal pH conditions (pH 3.8–4.5) were also conducted. The results demonstrated that THY-F51, identified as Leuconostoc citreum, exhibited potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, with an MIC of 1.25 mg/mL and an MFC of 2.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, THY-F51 displayed a strong inhibition of C. albicans biofilm formation, as well as notable antioxidant activity in the supernatant. Additionally, THY-F51 demonstrated high survival rates under vaginal pH conditions, an absence of cytotoxic effects, and a significant reduction in C. albicans adhesion to HeLa cells. Moreover, THY-F51 effectively suppressed C. albicans-induced inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These findings suggest that THY-F51, isolated from kiwi, holds substantial promise as a safe and effective probiotic for reducing vaginal inflammation and promoting vaginal health.

Preclinical Assessment of Dactinomycin in KMT2A-Rearranged Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background/Objectives: Infants with KMT2A-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have high rates of relapse and poor survival compared with children. Few new therapies have been identified over the past twenty years. The aim of this study was to identify existing anti-cancer agents that have the potential to be repurposed for the treatment of infant ALL. Methods: Eight extensively characterized infant ALL cell lines were treated with 62 anti-neoplastic drugs in vitro to identify agents that exhibit significant cytotoxicity. From this screen, we selected the most effective and clinically translatable agent for further in vitro and in vivo assessment to determine the potential for use in the clinical setting. Results: Our anti-cancer drug screen revealed significant activity of dactinomycin across all infant ALL cell lines. Further in vitro testing identified low half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) across our infant ALL cell lines in the nanomolar range. Combination testing with the conventional chemotherapeutic agents currently used to treat infants with ALL demonstrated additivity with cytarabine. In vivo assessment of dactinomycin identified 36 μg/kg as the maximum tolerated dose, with unacceptable toxicities at higher dose treatment. Treatment using doses of 18 μg/kg administered either once or twice a week derived a small but significant survival benefit in patient-derived xenografts. Conclusions: Dactinomycin is extensively used for the treatment of solid tumors in children and has an acceptable safety profile when used to treat infants in this context. However, despite being readily translational and exhibiting promising in vitro cytotoxicity, dactinomycin showed limited efficacy in vivo and therefore does not represent a priority candidate for integrating into therapy for infants with ALL.

Two Conventional Implants versus Four Mini-Dental Implants to Retain Mandibular Overdentures: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes.

It is essential to compare conventional dental implants (CDIs) and Mini-Dental Implants (MDIs). This systematic review evaluates the clinical and radiological outcomes of individuals receiving MDI-retained overdentures (ODs) compared to CDI-retained ODs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for the current systematic review. The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were examined for evidence-based research articles addressing the clinical and radiological outcomes of MDI and CDI published from January 2013 to September 2024. Two independent specialists conducted an autonomous search and established predefined screening criteria. The risk of bias (RoB) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated using the criteria established by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for scientific merit. The informational database and manual searches produced 242 papers. Eight RCTs were examined after eliminating duplicates and organizing the publications according to the qualifying criteria. MDI-retained ODs have been shown to provide numerous benefits, including reduced bone resorption, enhanced aesthetics, occlusion, and tooth location, improved occlusal load direction, and maintenance of occlusal vertical dimension. The current systematic review suggests that using mini-dental implants to retain overdenture prostheses could be a viable alternative treatment option due to the high survival rates, acceptable marginal bone loss, and improvements in patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life metrics.

Application of Biotechnology for Sunflower Inbred Line Development: Immature Embryo Rescue

Immature embryos rescued in sunflower breeding programs represent one of the important procedures for creating a competitive research program. The development of inbred lines in a short period offers a significant advantage, enabling faster adaptation of sunflower hybrids to farmers’ needs, including new herbicide technologies, such as existing sulfonylurea- and imidazoline-based treatments or the introgression of new disease-resistant genes. In our research, we initiated immature embryo rescue by harvesting at 168 h, 216 h, 264 h, and 312 h after fecundations. The media used were based on MS (Murashige and Skoog) and supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, NAA, and GA3. For the experiments, three types of genotypes were used: inbred lines, populations, and sunflower hybrids. Our results demonstrated a significant connection between harvest timing, the medium used, and the genotype. The highest survival rates were recorded as up to 81% for hybrids and 71% for inbred lines. For immature embryo rescue, they were obtained at 312 h on MS5—2.0:0.4:0.4 (BAP:NAA:GA3). The genotype, culture medium composition, and harvesting time are essential factors for optimizing the in vitro rescue technique of immature sunflower embryos. The survival rates of immature embryos were significantly influenced by the interaction of these factors.

Outcomes of Resectable Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy: A Single Institution Experience

Introduction: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment for locally advanced resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical trials, the combination of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy has resulted in a higher rate of pathologic complete response in comparison with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. Our study aims to describe surgical and oncological outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and lung resection at our academic center outside clinical trials. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and underwent surgical resection from 2018 to 2024. Demographics, pre-operative systemic treatment, surgical approach and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Results: The median age was 65 years, 46% were female, and 67% of patients had a non-squamous histology, chiefly adenocarcinoma. The most common clinical stage was IIIA (54%). Major findings include a 41% pathologic complete response (pCR) and 52% major pathologic response (MPR) rate. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy resulted in downstaging in 78% (n = 42) of patients. Most patients (83%) had their operation completed robotically. R0 resection was achieved in 96%. Median length of stay was significantly shorter after robotic operations, with no significant difference in complications compared to the open group. At a median follow up of 16 months, 24 months of recurrence-free survival was estimated at 76% (95% CI: 61–94) and overall survival, 93% (CI: 84–100). Conclusion: At our medical center, induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by anatomic lung resection has resulted in a high rate of complete pathologic response, overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The robotic approach after induction chemoimmunotherapy is safe and associated with shorter length of stay and faster recovery time.

Antibacterial Activity, Probiotic Potential, and Biocontrol Efficacy of Two Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Penicillium expansum on Fresh Grapes

Lactic acid bacteria are commonly present in various sources and possess significant probiotic properties. They can inhibit pathogenic bacteria and fungi simultaneously, making them promising candidates as bio-preservatives. This study investigated two potential probiotic strains: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LR5-2 (isolated from fermented meat products) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SQ63 (isolated from infant feces). The study evaluated their aggregation ability, anti-pathogenic activity, safety, and tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, phenol, and bile salts. Additionally, their biological control potential against Penicillium expansum on fresh grapes was assessed. The results demonstrated that both strains exhibited high survival rates under extreme gastrointestinal conditions, enhanced Auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity. They displayed strong antioxidant activity and significant antibacterial effects against 11 pathogenic fungi and foodborne pathogens. Biosafety testing revealed that both strains are sensitive to most antibiotics, do not produce biogenic amines, and exhibit no hemolytic or DNase activity. In grapes, L. plantarum LR5-2 and L. rhamnosus SQ63 significantly reduced the incidence and disease index of P. expansum infection. In conclusion, the characterization analysis and bio-preservation experiments revealed that LR5-2 and SQ63 have strong potential as probiotics and bio-preservatives.

Advances in acute pancreatitis management: From guidelines to clinical practice

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate current management strategies and early outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) to provide insights into effective practices and contribute to the discourse on optimizing AP care. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 350 AP patients admitted to Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital between January 2015 and December 2022. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, including demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging results, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Patients were assessed for severity using the Revised Atlanta Classification and Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) scores, and management protocols included controlled fluid resuscitation, pain management, nutritional support, selective antibiotic use, and endoscopic interventions. Results: Of 350 patients (male: 54%, mean age: 50 years), 79.7% had mild AP, 14.9% moderately severe AP, and 5.4% severe AP. Goal-directed fluid resuscitation and early nutritional support were implemented, with early oral feeding initiated in 81.4% of cases. Antibiotics were used in 20% of patients with confirmed or suspected infections, and Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 24.6% of patients with biliary pancreatitis. The mean hospital stay was 7, 14, and 21 days for mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, respectively. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was required for 8.6%, and in-hospital mortality was 2%. Recurrence within six months occurred in 9.1% of cases. Conclusions: management strategies adhering to current guidelines led to favorable early outcomes, including reduced complications and a high six-month survival rate (98%). Future multicenter studies are recommended to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.

Prognosis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Underserved Rural Area.

Epidemiological data are lacking on patients in the rural areas who are being admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We report here the first descriptive analysis study of patients who were hospitalized and treated after OHCA at an academic medical center in the Lower Galilee which located in the north part of Israel. This is a descriptive, retrospective analysis of all patients admitted after OHCA to Tzafon Medical Center between the years 2017 and 2023. The analysis consists of the epidemiological, social, and clinical data based on the electronic medical records. A total of 62 patients were included in this analysis, 82% were men with a median age of 61.5 years old. Thirty-four percent had history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 60% history of hypertension. Twenty-seven (44%) patients died during their admission. In 49 (79%) patients the first rhythm on emergency medical service (EMS) arrival was a shockable rhythm and 30 (48%) patients had a ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on electrocardiogram (ECG). Patients who were admitted to the hospital after OHCA were more likely to be discharged alive if they had no history of IHD (n = 27; p = 0.037), hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the presence of first shockable rhythm on the first ECG that performed by EMS was associated with higher rates of survival (n = 33; p < 0.001). We present the first single-center epidemiological analysis of patients admitted after OHCA at a rural area in Israel, with an in-hospital survival rate of 56%. Patients without history of IHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and acute kidney injury and those with first shockable rhythm were more likely to discharged alive.

Ant lion and ant colony optimization integrated ensemble machine learning model for effective cancer diagnosis

Statistics from reputable sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO), demonstrate that cancer is a leading cause of death globally, accounting for millions of deaths each year. When it comes to the early identification of cancer, machine learning (ML) is crucial. To analyze complex data and identify minute patterns that may indicate the presence of cancer, it employs robust computational approaches. Improving patient outcomes relies on early cancer detection since it paves the way for faster treatment and intervention, which might lead to better prognoses and higher survival rates. To choose features, this study intends to build an ML-based ensemble model utilizing ant colony optimization (ACO) and ant lion optimization (ALO). Next, ML classifiers are used as the initial predictions' basis learners. The last forecast is the result of combining two ensemble methods: voting and averaging classifiers. Four distinct cancer microarray datasets are used to assess the approach. With an accuracy of 99.08% on the Lung cancer dataset, the voting ensemble classifier outperforms the others, according to the empirical analysis.

Correlation of tumoral collagen width with overall survival and tumoral collagen straightness with distant recurrence-free survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

779 Background: Quantitative measurements of fibrillar collagen characteristics has been shown to correlate with survival in several types of malignancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether these characteristics correlate with survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods: Patients who underwent pancreatic resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at an Allegheny Health Network hospital between 1/1/2019 and 12/31/2023, and for whom archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was available, were included in the study. Clinical and pathologic characteristics were collected from the patient's electronic medical record. Survival data included overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant RFS. One section of tumor per patient was stained with Picrosirius Red and a representative digital image was obtained with a camera attached to a microscope at 100x magnification. Each image was analyzed with CT-FIRE software to determine averages of collagen fiber width, length, straightness, and angle. Descriptive statistics were initially computed. Log-rank tests were also conducted to compare the OS rate and RFS rate between four different groups (width, length, straightness, angle). Each group was divided into high and low groups, using the mean as cutoff. In the end, multivariate Cox regression was conducted by controlling the confounders including sex, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and presence of lymph node metastasis to examine the hazard ratios of OS, local RFS, and distant RFS for the four collagen fiber metrics. All statistical analyses were performed via SAS 9.4 under alpha level .05. Results: One hundred three patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of log-rank test, OS was significantly different between high and low collagen width groups, p = .0251. The lower width group had higher survival rate than the upper width group. Also, distant recurrence-free survival was significantly different between high and low collagen straightness groups, p = .0053. The lower straightness group had higher distant RFS rate than upper group. The results of multivariate Cox regression were consistent with the Kaplan-Meier curves. Compared to the high collagen width group, the low collagen width group had a 57% lower chance of dying, hazard ratio = 0.43, 95% CI [0.23, 0.78], p = .0056. The low collagen straightness group had a 60% lower chance of distant recurrence than the high collagen straightness group, hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% CI [0.19, 0.85], p =.0163. Conclusions: Quantitative collagen fiber metrics could help identify patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma who are at risk of earlier death and distant recurrence.

Virulence expression difference to intestinal cells of different pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes contaminating sausages after simulated digestive tract.

This study investigated the difference in survival among Listeria monocytogenes (LM) 10403S (highly pathogenic strain) and M7 (low pathogenic strain) in sausage under a simulated digestive environment, and established intestinal organoids and macrophages co-culture model to further explore the virulence expression difference to intestinal cells between LM 10403S and M7 after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Results showed that, compared with LM M7, LM 10403S exhibited a high survival rate during in vitro digestion, which may be due to the increased expression of stress response-related genes. In addition, the expression of virulence genes in LM 10403S was significantly higher than in LM M7 under the gastrointestinal environment. Furthermore, in the intestinal organoids and macrophages co-culture model infected by LM 10403S and M7 after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, results showed that, compared with the LM M7 group, the LM 10403S group had significantly lower budding rate and significantly higher mortality of organoids. Also, the significantly increased LDH release and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the LM 10403S group were observed, and the main virulence genes (iap, inlA, inlB, actA, hly, plcA, and plcB) of 10403S were significantly highly expressed than LM M7 during the cell infection. These results reflected that the reason for the different pathogenicity between LM 10403S and M7 may be due to the high tolerance and the expression of virulence genes than LM M7 during gastrointestinal digestion and cell infection, which would be expected to provide a better understanding of the infection mechanisms among different pathogenic strains of L. monocytogenes in food.

Analysing DNA methylation and transcriptomic signatures to predict prostate cancer recurrence risk.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 1.6 million new cases and 366,000 deaths annually. Despite high survival rates for localized prostate cancer, recurrence poses a substantial risk due to inherent biological factors and residual disease. Early detection and intervention are essential for enhancing patient outcomes and reducing mortality. However, traditional diagnostics such as PSA tests, digital rectal examinations, and biopsies often lack specificity resulting in overdiagnosis. There is a pressing need for novel biomarkers to enhance precision medicine approaches for PCa. This study employs a machine learning approach to identify DNA methylation and RNA expression biomarkers predictive of PCa recurrence using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We analyzed 49,133 genes, identifying 684 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Ten genes (TNNI2, SPIN2, COL5A3, RNF169, CCND1, FGFR1, SLC17A2, FAMM71F2, RREB1, AOX1) were found to have significant correlations between methylation and expression, forming the basis for our predictive model. A support vector machine (SVM) model was developed using these ten genes, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.773, demonstrating robust predictive capability. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the SVM score as an independent predictor of recurrence (HR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.28-0.69, P < 0.001). The analysis of recurrence-free survival suggested that patients with low-risk scores experienced significantly better outcomes compared to those with high-risk scores. Functional enrichment analyses of DMGs revealed significant involvement in biological processes such as transcription regulation, signal transduction, and immune response, highlighting the potential mechanistic pathways of these biomarkers. Validation using real-time PCR confirmed differential expression and methylation patterns of the identified genes in prostate cancer (PC3) and non-cancerous cell lines (PNT2). In conclusion, our study hihglights the DNA methylation biomarkers linked to PCa recurrence and introduces a promising SVM model for early prediction, potentially improving treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the biological roles of these genes in PCa aiming to refine therapeutic approaches.

"Sociodemographic, Political, and Policy Contexts of Cancer Care: A Comparative Analysis of Countries with the Highest Survival Rates".

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, with 20 million new cases and 10 million deaths in 2022 (WHO). Despite advances in detection and treatment, structural inequalities affect exposure to risk factors and healthcare access. This study compares the cancer care policy contexts of five countries with the highest five-year survival rates. This qualitative review examines cancer care policies in Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, Belgium, and Japan countries through a critical comparative approach. Data was gathered from official and international documents, focusing on four domains: socio-demographic characteristics, socio-political traditions, health systems, and cancer policies. The countries share high life expectancy, and education, while face similar population challenges. Australia and Canada have implemented telemedicine and mobile services to address the needs of dispersed rural populations, while Belgium and Japan ensure equitable access in dense areas. All countries integrate public-private partnerships, and adapt governance structures to contexts, under a strong welfare state with universal health coverage. Cancer policies are characterised by participatory processes that emphasise equity, accessibility, and innovation POLICY SUMMARY: The study identifies consistent patterns in cancer care policies, highlighting contributing factors to high survival rates. Participatory and bottom-up policy design enables responses to complex contexts. Strategies focus on financial sustainability, equity, cultural relevance, and territorial adaptation. An innovative framework for assessing cancer care policy contexts is introduced.

La revista Science considera al fármaco lenacapavir el avance científico más importante del año 2024 por su papel en la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) frente al VIH

Since the appearance of the first cases of infection in 1981 in New York and San Francisco by a virus unknown at the time and later identified in 1983 as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS and is responsible for some 42 million deaths and 88 million infections since the beginning of the pandemic, fundamental discoveries have been made that have led to great advances in HIV control. These discoveries range from methods of rapid detection of the virus, basic knowledge of the structure and function of viral proteins, mechanisms of cell penetration, receptors, interaction with the host, transport and genomic integration, stability, pathology, to the development of control procedures, especially antivirals. For years, HIV infection was synonymous with death, until the scientific community and the pharmaceutical sector developed antiretrovirals. There are currently multiple specific compounds directed against different stages in viral replication, such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside analogues and non-analogues, protease inhibitors, inhibitors of fusion and penetration of the virus, antagonists of co-receptors on the surface of lymphocytes, integrase blockers, inhibitors of the fusion of the virus to the cell membrane, capsid inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers. These drugs are combined, using at least two drugs in a single pharmaceutical form with two different classes of action for oral treatment and also in long-acting intravenous administration. In this way, it has been possible to turn a fatal infection into a chronic one, with a very high long-term survival rate.

Stem Cell Therapy in No Option Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia

Introduction: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) leads to limb loss in 50% of patients with 20% mortality within 1 year. Patients with advanced disease eventually require major amputation despite currently available revascularization technologies, particularly for those with unsuccessful revascularization or “no-option” CLTI. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) induce angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and regeneration and are safe and effective. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2022 on 14 patients who underwent BM-MSCs implantation of 2 million cells/kg body weight, in gastrocnemius muscle, in 30–70 years age, with 2-year follow-up. Patients with no option for intervention, failed revascularization, and no improvement after being conservatively managed for 45 days were included in the study. Surgically correctable patients were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics of outcomes of stem cell therapy, primary outcome: amputation-free survival, secondary outcome: pain-free walking distance, wound healing, and objective assessment tests were analyzed, and summarized in percentage. Paired t-tests and P values determined statistical significance. Results: The study demonstrated a high amputation-free survival rate of 92.85%, with only one patient requiring amputation during the follow-up period. Significant improvements were observed in secondary outcomes: pain-free walking distance increased substantially (P = 0.0494), ankle–brachial index improved by a mean of 0.15 (P = 0.0005), and transcutaneous oxygen pressure increased by 20–25 mmHg (P = 0.0046). Ulcer healing was remarkable, with 78.5% of patients achieving complete healing by the 2-year follow-up (P = 0.0014). BM-MSC therapy was well-tolerated with minor, transient adverse effects. Conclusions: BM-MSC therapy represents a significant advancement for no option CLTI patients. The therapy not only preserves limb function but also enhances quality of life by improving mobility, blood flow, and tissue healing. These promising results underscore the need for larger, randomized controlled trials to confirm the efficacy and long-term benefits of BM-MSC therapy in this high-risk population.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients treated as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis outside of severe immunosuppression

This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics and develop a prognostic model for non-neutropenic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). A retrospective analysis of 151 IPA patients was conducted, with patients categorized into survival (n = 117) and death (n = 34) groups. Clinical data, including demographics, laboratory tests, and imaging, were collected. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified glucocorticoid use (odds ratio [OR] = 30.223, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.676–341.306), intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.133, 95% CI: 0.023–0.758), and the arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen ratio (OR = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.990–0.999) as significant predictors of 28-day mortality. A prognostic model was developed based on these factors, showing high predictive accuracy (receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.918). The model’s clinical applicability was validated through calibration curves, bootstrap internal validation, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curves. Kaplan–Meier analysis further confirmed its utility, indicating a worse prognosis for high-risk patients within 50 days and the highest survival rate at 14 days. This novel model offers valuable insights for predicting survival in non-neutropenic IPA patients.

Microwave ablation for liver metastases from colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review of clinical efficacy and safety.

Microwave ablation (MWA) is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation and highlights its clinical efficacy, safety, and technical considerations. MWA offers significant benefits, including higher intratumoral temperatures, larger ablation zones, and reduced susceptibility to the heat-sink effect, which make it particularly suitable for tumors near large blood vessels. This review details the patient selection criteria, procedural approaches, and the use of advanced imaging techniques to improve the precision and effectiveness of MWA. Clinical outcomes indicate that MWA achieves high rates of complete tumor ablation and long-term survival with a favorable safety profile. This review is significant because it provides updated insights into the expanding role of MWA in treating unresectable CRLM and its potential as an alternative to surgical resection for resectable tumors. By summarizing recent studies and clinical trials, this review highlights the comparative effectiveness, safety, and integration with systemic therapies of MWA. In conclusion, MWA is a promising treatment option for CRLM and offers outcomes comparable to or better than those of other ablative techniques. Future research should focus on optimizing technical parameters, integrating MWA with systemic therapies, and conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish standardized treatment protocols. Advancing our understanding of MWA will enhance its application and improve long-term survival and quality of life for patients with CRLM.