High Efficiency Stability Research Articles

Flame retardancy and durability of cotton fabric modified with high-efficiency diboraspiro rings groups flame retardant.

The synthesis of highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardants through the synergistic interaction of boron, phosphorus and nitrogen is becoming a new research direction. In this study, N-DBSPA, a flame retardant with high flame retardancy, high thermal stability and high efficiency, was prepared by the reaction between pentaerythritol borate and amino trimethylene phosphate, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the modified cotton fabric increased from 18 % to 44.7 % at a weight gain (WG) of 20.4 %. After 50 wash cycles (LCs), it still reached 34.2 % and passed the Vertical Flame Test (VFT), indicating good flame retardancy and wash resistance. Cone Calorimetry Test (CCT) showed a 90.2 % reduction in Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) and a 32.9 % reduction in Total Heat Release (THR). The thermogravimetric test (TG) showed an increase in the charring residue of cotton fabrics from 10.9 % to 36.2 % at 750 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of the modified cotton fibers was speculated from the condensed phase and gas phase, respectively.

A noninvasive hyperkalemia monitoring system for dialysis patients based on a 1D-CNN model and single-lead ECG from wearable devices

This study aimed to develop a real-time, noninvasive hyperkalemia monitoring system for dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Hyperkalemia, common in dialysis patients, can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias or sudden death if untreated. Therefore, real-time monitoring of hyperkalemia in this population is crucial. We propose a wearable single-lead ECG monitoring system, offering enhanced comfort and feasibility for extended use. The key innovation of this system is the design of a compact, multi-channel convolutional neural network. This model offers high stability, strong performance, and exceptional computational efficiency, making it ideal for seamless integration into wearable devices for real-time monitoring applications. The model automatically extracts features from ECG signals at different frequencies through multiple convolutional channels, eliminating the need for manual feature extraction before data input. Data is input using a non-overlapping sliding window approach, reducing preprocessing complexity while maintaining model performance. We investigated the optimal window length and the number of convolution channels for ECG signal input. Experimental results indicate that the model achieves optimal performance with a 1200 ms window length and four parallel convolutional branches, yielding an accuracy of 98.25% (4.52%), F1-score of 98.31% (3.26%), sensitivity of 98.63% (2.41%), and specificity of 97.88% (5.13%). This system holds significant potential for improving patient monitoring comfort and real-time responsiveness.

Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Hybrid TiO2-pNIPAm Composites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Propylbenzoic Acid.

Pickering emulsions (PEs) have demonstrated significant potential in various fields, including catalysis, biomedical applications, and food science, with notable advancements in wastewater treatment through photocatalysis. This study explores the development and application of TiO2-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) composite gels as a novel framework for photocatalytic wastewater remediation. The research focuses on overcoming challenges associated with conventional nanoparticle-based photocatalytic systems, such as agglomeration and inefficient recovery of particles. By integrating TiO2 nanoparticles into pNIPAm gels, we aimed to achieve high emulsion stability and photocatalytic efficiency while suppressing the effects of pNIPAm's volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) to facilitate effective emulsion recovery. The study involves the synthesis of TiO2-pNIPAm composites with varying monomer-to-particle ratios, characterizing their VPTT behavior, morphology, and thermal stability. These composites were then evaluated for their emulsification properties, phase transition behavior, and photocatalytic activity in degrading 4-propylbenzoic acid, a model pollutant. The results highlight the effectiveness of the TiO2-pNIPAm Pickering emulsions in wastewater treatment, offering improved stability and reusability compared to traditional dispersion-based systems. This work provides new insights into the design of composite materials for enhanced photocatalytic applications and demonstrates the potential of Pickering emulsions in sustainable environmental remediation.

An Outline on benzimidazole Containing Marketed Drugs with Proton Pump Inhibitor and H1 Receptor Antagonist Activities.

Heterocyclic compounds are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry because they are the main components of many biological processes and materials. Benzimidazole remains the core center of the heterocyclic chemical group, with essential traits such as six-five-member connected rings and two nitrogen atoms at the 1,3 position in a six-membered benzene and five-membered imidazole- fused ring system. Molecules with benzimidazole derivatives serve important functions as therapeutic agents and have shown excellent results in clinical and biological research. In this comprehensive review, we summarize marketed medications that include the benzimidazole moiety. Here, we discuss two topics: PPIs and H1 receptor antagonists. Benzimidazole derivatives are important in all fields because they have the same isostructural pharmacophore as that of naturally occurring active biomolecules. While PPIs and H1 receptor antagonists are generally safe in the short term, accumulating data suggest that their long-term use may pose concerns. This systematic review aimed to assess global PPI use in the general population. This will help researchers, medicinal chemists, and pharmaceutical scientists to create breakthrough benzimidazole-based drugs. This review can help identify novel lead compounds and optimize existing benzimidazole derivatives to improve medicinal efficacy. Benzimidazole has attracted significant interest because of its high bioavailability, stability, and biological efficiency. This page reveals and discusses typical synthesis processes for marketed pharmaceuticals in the benzimidazole class of scaffolds, MOA, and therapeutic uses.

AsGAD1 cloned from creeping bentgrass modulates cadmium tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana by remodelling membrane lipids and cadmium uptake, transport and chelation.

The gene GAD1 encodes a glutamate decarboxylase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of endogenous γ-aminobutyrate acid (GABA), but a potential role of GAD1 in regulating cadmium (Cd) tolerance needs to be further elucidated in plants. The objective of this study was to investigate Cd tolerance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and transgenic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing AsGAD1. The Cd-tolerant creeping bentgrass cultivar LOFTSL-93 accumulated more endogenous GABA in relation to a significant upregulation of AsGAD1 in leaf and root than the Cd-sensitive W66569 in response to Cd stress. The overexpression of AsGAD1 significantly enhanced Cd tolerance of yeast or A. thaliana associated with improved endogenous GABA content, low oxidative damage, and high cell membrane stability and photochemical efficiency. Compared with wild type, AsGAD1-overexpressing plants or the atgad1 mutant maintained significantly lower or higher Cd content in leaf and root by down-regulating or up-regulating transcript levels of AtNRAMP1/2/3/4/5 and AtZIP1/2, respectively. Moreover, overexpression of AsGAD1 significantly up-regulated transcript levels of AtHMA1/3, contributing to better Cd compartmentalization from chloroplast into cytoplasm and then into vacuoles. AsGAD1 overexpression also induced expressions of AsMT1A/1B/1C/2/3, AsGSH1/2, and AsPCS1/2, indicating better capacity of Cd chelation in cytosol and vacuoles for Cd detoxification. Hence, AsGAD1-regulated detoxification mechanism of Cd could be related to Cd uptake, transport, and chelation. In addition, lipid contents (PC, PG, and DGDG)and the DGDG/MGDG and PC/PG ratios were improved by the AsGAD1 overexpression, which favors membrane stability and functionality under Cd stress. These findings provide new insight into the regulatory role of GAD1 in Cd tolerance in plants.

Recent Progress in Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) provides a sustainable and efficient way to producing ammonia at ambient condition and denitrifying wastewater. However, NO3−RR is still confronted with some barriers at present, because of the sluggish reaction kinetics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Particularly, it requires highly robust and selective electrocatalysts, which steers the complex multistep reactions toward NO3−RR process. Among the various electrocatalysts, Co‐based electrocatalysts demonstrate a rapid reaction kinetics, steady catalytic performance, and suppressive impact on HER for NO3−RR, attracting more attention. In this review, it is focused on Cobalt‐based electrocatalysts design for NO3−RR and the corresponding design strategies are summarized. In detail, these can be concisely classified into five categories, including the Co‐based oxides and hydroxides, alloys, metal, and heteroatom‐doped materials, metal organic frameworks and derivatives. Each category is extensively discussed, with its design concepts and ideas clearly conveyed through appropriate illustrations and figures. Finally, the scientific and technological challenges as well as promising constructing strategies for NO3−RR system in the future are discussed. It is expected that this review can provide valuable insights and guidance into rational design of Co‐based electrocatalysts for NO3−RR, ultimately advancing their applications to industrial scenario with high current density, stability, and energy efficiency.

Enhanced glomerular transfection by BMP7 gene nanocarriers inhibits CKD and promotes SOX9-dependent tubule regeneration

Renal fibrosis and loss of kidney function are key characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To address the lack of effective treatments, multifunctional layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polymeric gene-carrier nanoparticles (PCHS-NP) are prepared to realize preferential accumulation and retention within renal glomerular cells, thereby effectively leveraging cortically localized structures for the synthesis and paracrine secretion of the antifibrotic growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7). PCHS-NP had stable homogenous morphologies, kidney-targeting functionality, antioxidative effects, and high transfection efficiency. In unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis, a single systemic injection of PCHS-NP prevents tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and the resultant tissue microenvironment is more conducive to tubular regeneration driven by the upregulation of proliferative SOX9-expressing tubular cells. In longer-term folic acid (FA)-induced renal fibrosis, we show that early, late, and repeat systemic injections restore kidney health and function. This study indicates that PCHS-NP accomplish a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of CKD.

An integrated hybrid dual-frequency wireless charging system with anti-offset performance via phase-shift control for consumer electronics

Abstract Wireless charging systems for consumer electronics suffer from the offset issue, which leads to drastic changes in the mutual inductance and thus produces unstable outputs. To solve the issue, this paper proposes an integrated hybrid dual-frequency wireless charging system with an anti-offset performance. The proposed topology can be equivalent to the CLC-S and S-S topologies at fundamental and third harmonic frequencies, respectively. Combining the opposite trends of the output voltages in the CLC-S and S-S topologies, the anti-offset performance can be realized. To further enhance the anti-offset performance, the phase-shift control is adopted to adjust the ratio of fundamental and third harmonic, thus extending the anti-offset range. The mathematical and experimental models are established. The experimental results are well aligned with the calculated ones, confirming that the proposed system can maintain stable output and high efficiency under different offsets.

Performance optimization of MA0.5FA0.5PbI3/CsPbI3 based hybrid perovskite solar cell emphasizing on double absorber layer

Abstract The utilization of cesium-based lead halide (CsPbI3) PSC has considerable potential in the photovoltaic industry due to their high efficiency, underpinned by features such as a high absorption coefficient, thermal stability, and commendable efficiency. Nevertheless, the bandgap of CsPbI3, standing at 1.7 eV, poses a challenge as it is relatively high for a single-junction device. To overcome this limitation, we introduced a dual absorber layer structure by interleaving CsPbI3 with a lead-based hybrid perovskite material, denoted as MA0.5FA0.5PbI3. This investigation focused on the MA0.5FA0.5PbI3/CsPbI3 hetero-junction structure to ascertain the maximum possible efficiency. Therefore, this study proposed a PSC with the configuration of Ag/MoO3/MA0.5FA0.5PbI3/CsPbI3/IGZO/Au. In this setup, MoO3 (Molybdenum Trioxide) is used as the HTL and IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) as the ETL. Silver (Ag) serves as the back contact and gold (Au) is the front contact. This device demonstrated remarkable characteristics with Voc = 1.307 V, Jsc = 22.71 mA cm−2, FF = 86.58%, and η = 26.21%, showcasing a substantial improvement compared to previously reported CsPbI3-based homojunction PSCs. Furthermore, this study delved into the effects of absorber doping, absorber material thickness, bulk defect, and interfacial defects on solar cell parameters to obtain high-performance solar cells.

Challenges and opportunities in high efficiency scalable and stable perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the fastest-growing photovoltaic (PV) technology and hold great promise for the photovoltaic industry due to their low-cost fabrication and excellent efficiency. To achieve commercial readiness level, the most important factor would be yield beyond 95% at the PSC module levels. The current essential requirements for PSCs are reproducibility of high efficiency devices, scalability, and stability. The reported certified high efficiency (24–26%) results are based on the use of FAPbI3 perovskites with a bandgap of Eg≈ 1.5 eV, and the typical device's active area ranges from ≈ 0.1 cm2 to a maximum of 1 cm2. However, relatively higher bandgap PSCs are essential, especially in tandem solar cell applications. Hence, optimization of higher bandgap PSCs is a necessity. As the bandgap of the perovskites increases, the efficiency goes down due to reduced JSC and increased VOC loss. Therefore, understanding the loss mechanism and corresponding solutions need to be developed. Scaling up the device's active area without compromising the fill factor and, hence, efficiency is non-trivial. So, understanding the loss mechanism in large area devices is crucial. The stability analysis reported in the literature is inconsistent, preventing data comparison and identifying various degradation factors or failure mechanisms. Moreover, how the accelerated tests would be useful in predicting the real lifetime of the solar cells is yet to be developed. So, understanding the knowledge and the technological gaps between laboratory and industry-scale production is crucial for further development. Therefore, in this review article, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for scalable and stable high efficiency PSCs.

Effect of Fe3+ ions doping on adsorption efficiency of Li4Ti5O12 and Li2TiO3 oxides towards Li+ ion

Adsorbents based on Fe3+-doped oxides Li1.33- xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 (x=0.1–0.9) and Li2–2xFexTi1-xO3 (x=0.05–0.35) were synthesized by solid-phase method. It was found that the Li1.33-xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 (x=0.1–0.3) and Li2–2xFexTi1-xO3 (x=0.05–0.1) oxides retained cubic (Fd3m) and monoclinic (C2/c) structure and did not contain admixed phases. Li2–2xFexTi1-xO3 (x=0.05–0.1) and Li1.33- xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 (x=0.1–0.3) samples had unit cell size a of 9.004 and 8.243–8.305 Å and crystallite size of 26.6–25.3 and 37.1–38.0 nm, respectively. There are no new absorption bands, and only a characteristic peak shift of the Ti-O bond was observed on FT-IR spectra of Li1.33- xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 (x<0.3) and Li2–2xFexTi1-xO3 (x<0.2) samples due to heterovalent substitution of Ti atoms with Fe. The obtained samples had characteristics of a mesoporous texture, and the isotherms were irreversible, belonging to pseudo-type II and had H3-type hysteresis loops. The specific surface area and mesopore volume of the obtained samples increased slightly with raising the amount of introduced dopant from 5 to 11 m2/g and from 8 to 15 m2/g for Li1.33-xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 and Li2–2xFexTi1-xO3, respectively. The SEM data showed the prevalence of homogeneous monolithic spherical particles with a size of ∼250 nm. The degree of conversion to the H-form reached 98 and 73–91 % for Li1.33-xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 and Li2–2xFexTi1- xO3. The adsorption capacity of Fe3+ ion-doped oxides Li1.33- xFe3xTi1.67–2xO4 and Li2–2xFexTi1- xO3 at V/m=250 cm3/g, C(Li+)=1.0 g/L, pH=12.0 reached 59.9 and 50.3 mg/g, respectively. The high structure stability and adsorption efficiency in 5 cycles of acid regeneration for Fe3+ ion-doped oxides were observed. The obtained Li-Ti oxides doped with Fe3+ ions are of interest for further investigation as selective adsorbents of Li+ ions.

Fluorine-Lodged High-Valent High-Entropy Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient, Long-Lasting Zinc-Air Batteries.

Efficient and stable bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts are urgently needed to unlock the full potential of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). High-valence oxides (HVOs) and high entropy oxides (HEOs) are suitable candidates for their optimal electronic structures and stability but suffer from demanding synthesis. Here, a low-cost fluorine-lodged high-valent high-entropy layered double hydroxide (HV-HE-LDH) (FeCoNi2F4(OH)4) is conveniently prepared through multi-ions co-precipitation, where F- are firmly embedded into the individual hydroxide layers. Spectroscopic detections and theoretical simulations reveal high valent metal cations are obtained in FeCoNi2F4(OH)4, which enlarge the energy band overlap between metal 3d and O 2p, enhancing the electronic conductivity and charge transfer, thus affording high intrinsic OER catalytic activity. More importantly, the strengthened metal-oxygen (M-O) bonds and stable octahedral geometry (M-O(F)6) in FeCoNi2F4(OH)4 prevent structural reorganization, rendering long-term catalytic stability. Furthermore, an efficient three-phase reaction interface with fast oxygen transportation was constructed, significantly improving the ORR activity. ZABs assembled with FeCoNi2F4(OH)4@HCC (hydrophobic carbon cloth) cathodes deliver a top performance with high round-trip energy efficiency (61.3 % at 10 mA cm-2) and long-term stability (efficiency remains at 58.8 % after 1050 charge-discharge cycles).

Stabilization of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Fishery By-Products and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Uptake in Crops

Objectives : Heavy metals eluted from mine waste pollute surrounding soil and water systems, which can spread to crops and have a harmful effect on the human body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of recycling discarded mussel shells(MS) and manila clam shells (MC) as stabilizers for the immobilization of arsenic(As) and heavy metals(Pb, Zn) in soil.Methods : MS and MC were processed with -#10 mesh natural material, -#20 mesh natural material, and -#10 mesh calcined material and treated at 0-10 wt%. After 1 week or 4 weeks of wet curing, it was eluted with 0.1 N HCl and the concentrations of As, Pb, and Zn in the soil were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) analysis. In addition, red lettuce was cultivated in the stabilized soil and the concentration of heavy metals that were transferred to crops was evaluated. The stabilization mechanism was investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX) analysis.Results and Discussion : The stabilization efficiency for arsenic and heavy metals was in the order of natural -#10 mesh &lt; natural -#20 mesh &lt; calcined -#10 mesh. The calcined stabilizer showed a high stabilization efficiency of 98% at a 2 wt% treatment level. Pb was not detected in the red lettuce grown in the stabiliz ed soil, and the standard for leafy vegetables (Pb-0.3 mg/kg or less) was satisfied according to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The SEM-EDX analysis revealed that As was stabilized through Ca-As precipitation and heavy metals(Pb, Zn) were stabilized through pozzolanic reactions.Conclusion : Stabilizers developed from MS and MC can be effectively applied to the stabilization of As and heavy metal-contaminated soil, and are expected to be used as economical and environmentally friendly stabilizers.

Architecturing ultra-stable multi-dimensional MXene/MAX self-supporting electrode anchored with Low-Pt for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in harsh environments

The design of self-supporting structure is particularly important to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of hydrogen evolution reaction electrode. Here, a facile strategy for building novel ultra-stable 0D-2D-3D integrated self-supporting electrode with high conductivity, sufficient diffusion channels and large reactive surface area was proposed. In the heterostructure, 2D Ti3C2Tx flakes in-situ synthesized on 3D network porous Ti3AlC2 surface which provides the multiple reactive surface areas and aggregation resistance to facilitating 0D ultrafine Pt nanoparticles uniform anchorage. Combined with structural characterization and first-principles calculations revealed that, the highly dispersed ultrafine Pt synergistically coupling strong metal-support interactions creates a unique multifunctional catalytic interface with high stability and atomic utilization efficiency of Pt to promote the HER in acidic and seawater. The resultant self-supporting electrode (support 0.48 wt% Pt) exhibits much superior activity to 10 % commercial Pt/C (loaded on foam nickel) in 0.5 M H2SO4 (55 mV@10 mA cm−2) and simulate seawater (196 mV@10 mA cm−2) while reducing the Pt usage by 15 times. Meanwhile, the electrode also illustrates outstanding stability under high current densities (100 h@100 mA cm−2). This study provides a new design idea for developing integrated self-supporting catalytic electrodes to meet the durability of hydrogen evolution reaction applications in harsh environments.

Development and Characterization of Gingerol-Assisted Silver Nanoparticle and Chitosan Alginate Membrane for Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity.

This study synthesized and characterized gingerol-loaded silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which were incorporated into chitosan-alginate (Cs/Alg) films for advanced wound care applications. Gingerol was isolated with a 9.81% yield, forming pale-yellow needle-shaped crystals with a melting point of 32ºC. The purity and structure of gingerol were confirmed through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV-visible, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The synthesized Ag-NPs, particularly from the GN3 batch, exhibited a small particle size (36.52 ± 3.52 nm), high stability (zeta potential of -23.20 mV), and notable encapsulation efficiency (76.35%) and yield (74.11%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed their spherical and smooth morphology. Stability tests over three months showed no substantial changes in particle size, ZP, or %EE. The Cs/Alg films demonstrated appropriate thickness, weight, water uptake, and pH changes, with GN-CM4 showing the best performance. In-vitro drug release studies indicated increased release rates, especially for GN-CM4, which also exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. In-vivo studies on excision and burn wound models showed that GN-CM4 promoted complete wound closure by day 21, enhanced hydroxyproline levels, reduced myeloperoxidase content, and facilitated superior tissue regeneration. These findings underscore the potential of gingerol-loaded Ag-NPs in enhancing wound healing through their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

Unraveling the Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Green-Emitting CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6: Reaction Process, Luminescence Property, and Display Application.

The pursuit of stable and highly emissive perovskite materials has garnered increasing attention in optoelectronic applications. Green-emitting CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6, as a green-emissive material in the solid-state form, has great potential as a color conversion material for full-color displays. However, it is a challenge to achieve mass preparation under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism is ambiguous. This study reports a ligand-free and rapid mass synthesis of nanomicrosized CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 solid via an ultrasonic-assisted method. The synthesized CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 solids exhibit uniform morphology, high stability, and solid-state quantum efficiency of approximately 55%. Moreover, the transformation mechanism from Pb-Br complexes in the synthesis process is fully investigated by monitoring the phase and spectral evolution. By employing it as a green emitter, the obtained white light-emitting diode (LED) device shows high performance with a correlation color temperature of 7635 K and a wide color gamut of 123% NTSC. This study offers a low-cost and simple operation mass production method for solid-state perovskite powders with excellent chemical stability. Additionally, it provides new insights into the formation mechanism of highly efficient perovskite materials and promotes their practical applications.

Construction of electrospun multistage ZnO@PMIA gel electrolytes for realizing high performance zinc-ion batteries

As an important component of ZIBs, flexible gel electrolytes offer the advantages of solid/liquid electrolytes and good interfacial bonding. However, limited by poor ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, traditional gel electrolytes are still unable to meet realistic applications. To solve the above problems, in this paper, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning, and then ordered zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were grown on their surfaces by hydrothermal method, and ZnO@PMIA nanofiber membranes were combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel to obtain ZnO@PMIA-PVA (ZPP) composite electrolytes. On the one hand, thanks to the advantages of large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity of PMIA nanofibers and ZnO nanorods, they can provide continuous and uniform transmission channels for Zn2+ .On the other hand, ZPP combines the nanofiber layer with the gel layer, which possesses excellent mechanical properties and produces a well-bonded interface with the electrode, which can effectively reduce the internal resistance and resist the penetration of the dendrimer into the electrolyte during long cycling. The results show that the ZPP composite electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity (18.3 mS·cm-1) and exhibits obvious advantages in inhibiting hydrogen precipitation and oxidative decomposition of Zn anode, and the Zn/ZPP/Zn symmetric battery can be recycled for >1000 h at 3 mA·cm-2, and the full battery Zn/ZPP/MnO2 can still maintain 159.3 mAh·g-1 residual capacity after 1000 cycles with stable long-cycle performance and high coulombic efficiency (CE) (99 %). This flexible composite electrolyte has high safety, mechanical and electrochemical properties, which can realize high-performance ZIBs, and is expected to provide a new strategy for next-generation wearable energy storage devices.

Thermal stable NaMgLaTeO6:Dy3+ double perovskite yellow phosphors for w-LEDs and latent fingerprint visualization

The novel Dy3+-doped NaMgLaTeO6 (NaMgLaTeO6:Dy3+) phosphors were produced through a high-temperature solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement manifest that the pure phosphor was committed to the space group (P21/m (11)) and features the double perovskite structure. The band gap (Eg) of the direct semiconductor NaMgLaTeO6 is calculated to be 2.065 eV. Under 388 nm excitation, the 4F9/2→6H13/2 energy level transition contributes to the maximum emission peak at 572 nm. Other properties of the phosphor include optimal concentration (x = 5 mol %), high thermal stability, activation energy (Ea = 0.31 eV), and internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 31.44 %). The relevant color coordinate of the white light emitting diode (w-LED) prepared by the phosphor is (0.298, 0.311). The features of the latent fingerprint (LFP) created by NaMgLaTeO6:Dy3+ can be clearly reflected on different surfaces. In summary, NaMgLaTeO6:Dy3+ phosphor has proven high potential in w-LEDs production and LFP detection.

Understanding excitonic behavior and electroluminescence light emitting diode application of carbon dots

Carbon dots (CDs), due to their low cost, high stability, and high luminous efficiency, have emerged as an excellent material for the emissive layer in next-generation electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (ELEDs). However, improving the efficiency of fluorescent CDs-based ELEDs remains challenging, primarily because it is difficult to utilize triplet excitons in the electroluminescence process. Therefore, enhancing the exciton utilization efficiency of CDs during electroluminescence is crucial. Based on this, we exploited the characteristic large exciton binding energy commonly found in CDs to develop exciton-emitting CDs. These CDs facilitate the radiative recombination of excitons during electroluminescence, thereby improving the electroluminescent efficiency. By rationally selecting precursors, we developed high quantum efficiency CDs and subsequently constructed CDs-based ELEDs. The blue-light device exhibited an external quantum efficiency of over 4 %. This study introduces a novel design concept for CDs, providing a new strategy for developing high-performance blue ELEDs based on CDs.

Enhancing interfacial stability in lithium orthosilicate/polymer blended novel hybrid solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

Hybrid solid-state electrolyte (HSSE) is a key component for the advancement of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The key challenges with the existing HSSEs are to ensure high ionic conductivity, activate dead inorganic/organic interface, and stimulate interfacial stability with electrodes. In this study, a novel HSSE is fabricated by integration of appropriately engineered end-of-life photovoltaic recycled high purity silicon derived nano size inorganic lithium orthosilicate and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) polymer matrix through entrapping ionic liquid electrolytes. The obtained lithium orthosilicate-polymer blended HSSE is self-standing, soft, and flexible which delivers a low activation energy, leading a high ionic conductivity of 4.4 × 10−4 Scm−1. A critical lithium plating/stripping behaviour shows improved interfacial stability (both inorganic/organic interface and interfaces of HSSE/electrodes) under different current densities (0.05 mA cm−2 to 0.13 mA cm−2) when a drop of ionic liquid electrolyte is added, permitting cycling of an all-solid-state full cell (Li/HSSE/LiFePO4) at room temperature with high capacity (132 mAh g−1), stable cycle life and high Coulombic efficiency (initial ∼98 %; subsequent >99.5 %). Shaping the interfaces between inorganic/organic phases in the HSSE as well as the interfaces between electrodes/HSSE appears to be a workable path towards constructing very effective HSSE for the advancement of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.