High Percentage Of Deaths Research Articles

Significance of Pathologic Response in Patients With Early and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Middle-Income Country. A Real-World Historical Cohort.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent neoplasm in women in Colombia and is associated with a higher mortality rate than in other countries and regions. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become a standard treatment in locally advanced BC and provides an opportunity to improve clinical outcomes in BC. This study aims to describe characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes after NACT in a cohort of Colombian patients with BC. We performed a retrospective cohort study. We included adult patients with BC treated with NACT. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics and time to event for overall survival analyses were performed. Recursive partitioning was performed for survival curves to assess the complex relationship between survival times and other variables. Three hundred and fourteen patients were included for analysis. The pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypCR) rate was 34.4%, with a higher ypCR in triple-negative BC (TNBC; 46.9%) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive BC (72.7%). Those who did not achieve ypCR had a higher percentage of death and relapse. The median follow-up was 4.9 years, with an 88.2% 5-year overall survival (OS). A total of 62.6% of the total patients identified were not treated with NACT, indicating a low utilization. Our global ypCR rate was higher when compared with similar studies in Colombia, likely because of differences in the NACT treatment regimens. ypCR was only associated with OS in the TNBC subgroup, emphasizing the importance of pursuing ypCR in these patients. We consider the use of NACT a valuable opportunity to implement innovative treatment approaches that improve outcomes in Colombian patients with BC.

Heart Failure-Related Death in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States, 1999 to 2020.

Population-based data on heart failure (HF)-related death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking. We assessed HF-related death in people with AF in the United States over the past 21 years and examined differences by age, sex, race, ethnicity, urbanization, and census region. Data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to determine trends in age-adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 people, due to HF-related death among subjects with AF aged ≥15 years. To calculate nationwide annual trends, we assessed the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change with relative 95% CIs using joinpoint regression. Between 1999 and 2020, 916 685 HF-related deaths (396 205 men and 520 480 women) occurred among US adults having a concomitant AF. The overall age-adjusted mortality rates increased (AAPC: +4.1% [95% CI, 3.8-4.4]; P<0.001), especially after 2011 (annual percent change, +6.8% [95% CI, 6.2-7.4]; P<0.001) in men (AAPC, +4.8% [95% CI, 4.4-5.1]; P<0.001), in White subjects (AAPC: +4.2% [95% CI, 3.9 to 4.6]; P<0.001) and in subjects aged <65 years (AAPC: +7.5% [95% CI, 6.7-8.4]; P<0.001). The higher percentage of deaths were registered in the South (32.8%). During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant excess in HF-related deaths among patients with AF aged >65 years was observed. A worrying increase in the HF-related mortality rate among patients with AF has been observed in the United States over the past 2 decades.

Unravelling the Role of Candida albicans Prn1 in the Oxidative Stress Response through a Proteomics Approach.

Candida albicans Prn1 is a protein with an unknown function similar to mammalian Pirin. It also has orthologues in other pathogenic fungi, but not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prn1 highly increases its abundance in response to H2O2 treatment; thus, to study its involvement in the oxidative stress response, a C. albicans prn1∆ mutant and the corresponding wild-type strain SN250 have been studied. Under H2O2 treatment, Prn1 absence led to a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lower survival rate, with a higher percentage of death by apoptosis, confirming its relevant role in oxidative detoxication. The quantitative differential proteomics studies of both strains in the presence and absence of H2O2 indicated a lower increase in proteins with oxidoreductase activity after the treatment in the prn1∆ strain, as well as an increase in proteasome-activating proteins, corroborated by in vivo measurements of proteasome activity, with respect to the wild type. In addition, remarkable differences in the abundance of some transcription factors were observed between mutant and wild-type strains, e.g., Mnl1 or Nrg1, an Mnl1 antagonist. orf19.4850, a protein orthologue to S. cerevisiae Cub1, has shown its involvement in the response to H2O2 and in proteasome function when Prn1 is highly expressed in the wild type.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ СОРТОВ HIBISCUS X MOSCHEUTOS L.

Hibiscus x moscheutos L. is a promising decorative perennial for inclusion in green plantings in the southern regions of Russia. Currently, there is no data available on the most effective methods of propagating hibiscus in the conditions of southern gardening in Russia. Since 2014, FSBSI «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making» (Krasnodar) has been carrying out work on introduction and variety study of H. x moscheutos. The collection includes 47 varieties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the potential of vegetative propagation of promising varieties using the herbaceous cuttings method. The study included 18 varieties and hybrids. In the experiment 2 cutting periods were studied: 1st period – spring (II-III decade of May), 2nd period – summer (III decade of June – 1st decade of July (control). It was established that herbaceous cuttings can be carried out in 2 periods – in the II decade of May, with the placement of mother bushes in protected ground, and in the III decade of June, with the preparation of cuttings from mother plants growing in open ground. For most varieties, spring cuttings are preferable. In this case, young plants overwinter better, and the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in pots is higher. During wintering of plants of summer cuttings, a high percentage of death was observed, which is associated with the low winter hardiness of young plants. A significant decrease in the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in plants of summer cuttings was detected in the following varieties: Berry Awersome, Midnithe Marvell, Plam Flambe, Perfect Storm – a decrease in the yield of seedlings of I grade was observed by almost 2 times in comparison with plants rooted in spring. The best performance in herbaceous cuttings was found in the following varieties: Cherry Cheescake, Cranberry Crush, Peppermint Schnapps, Jazzberry Jam, Summer in Paradise, Krasny Rusanova, Hybrid № 5. These cultivars combine in their genotype adaptability to abiotic stress factors and increased productivity of uterine bushes during cuttings and provide a high yield of marketable seedlings when grown in pots. Key words: ROSEMALLOW (HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS), VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION, HERBACEOUS CUTTINGS, POT CULTURE

Trends and Disparities in Cardiovascular Death in Sarcoidosis: A Population-Based Retrospective Study in the United States From 1999 to 2020.

Despite significant cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis, real-world data on death due to cardiovascular disease among patients with sarcoidosis is not well established. We queried the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database for data on patients with sarcoidosis aged ≥25 years from 1999 to 2020. Diseases of the circulatory system except ischemic heart disease were listed as the underlying cause of death, and sarcoidosis was stated as a contributing cause of death. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 1 million individuals and determined the trends over time by estimating the annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Subgroup analyses were performed on the basis of demographic and geographic factors. In the 22-year study period, 3301 cardiovascular deaths with comorbid sarcoidosis were identified. The AAMR from cardiovascular deaths with comorbid sarcoidosis increased from 0.53 (95% CI, 0.43-0.65) per 1 million individuals in 1999 to 0.87 (95% CI, 0.75-0.98) per 1 million individuals in 2020. Overall, women recorded a higher AAMR compared with men (0.77 [95% CI, 0.74-0.81] versus 0.58 [95% CI, 0.55-0.62]). People with Black ancestry had higher AAMR than people with White ancestry (3.23 [95% CI, 3.07-3.39] versus 0.39 [95% CI, 0.37-0.41]). A higher percentage of death was seen in the age groups of 55 to 64 years in men (23.11%) and women (21.81%), respectively. In terms of US census regions, the South region has the highest AAMR from cardiovascular deaths with comorbid sarcoidosis compared with other regions (0.78 [95% CI, 0.74-0.82]). The increase of AAMR from cardiovascular deaths with comorbid sarcoidosis and higher cardiovascular mortality rates among adults aged 55 to 64 years highlight the importance of early screening for cardiovascular diseases among patients with sarcoidosis.

Administration of Arginine Vasotocin and modified Isotocin improve artificial propagation and post-spawning survival of female yellow catfish

Low rate of spawning and high percentage of death after artificial propagation are frequently observed in catfish, which do harms to the long-term population stability and genetic breeding programs in aquaculture. In this study, yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), an important freshwater species in China was used as a research model, since the farmed female yellow catfish had poor reproduction performance and a high death rate after treatment with the traditional exogenous hormones, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogues2 (LHRH-A2) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). We tried to investigate the roles of the Arginine Vasotocin (AVT)/ Isotocin (IT) neuropeptide family in reproduction and design an optimal strategy for inducing artificial propagation in yellow catfish. Two copies of pro-avt and pro-it were detected in hypothalamus and ovaries of yellow catfish, and their mRNA levels gradually increased during spring-summer season. Furthermore, the transcript levels of pro-avt and pro-it in hypothalamus significantly increased after injection of LHRH-A2 and HCG. Although AVT could not induce germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in female yellow catfish, administration of AVT significantly stimulated premature ovulation in a dose-dependent manner and induced the expression of ovulation-related genes, ptgs2a and acvr1. Furthermore, there is a significant up-regulation of serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in female fish after AVT treatment, whereas no difference was observed in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Since IT of yellow catfish was insoluble in saline, a rigid peptide segment was added at the end of IT (the modified IT was named IT-M), which could greatly improve its solubility and induce ovulation in female yellow catfish. Subsequently, we demonstrated that adding carp pituitary extraction (CPE) to the second injection of traditional methods could efficiently improve the spawned fish, eggs production, fertilization rate, hatching rate and post-spawning survival of female yellow catfish, despite at a relatively high cost in hormones. We further discovered that IT-M + AVT could substitute for HCG + CPE in the second injection and had high efficiency in artificial propagation, reducing the hormone costs to less than one-third. Altogether, we provide an effective and affordable combination of exogenous hormones to improve reproduction performances and post-spawning survival rate in yellow catfish.

Clinicodemographic Pattern of Death in Road Traffic Accidents at Tangail Medical College.

Background: Rapid motorization bought a boon along with the curse of road traffic accidents toll. Injuries and death due to RTA are one of the major public health problems across the globe, especially in developing countries, due to lack of comprehensive legislative measures. RTA are responsible for the greatest number of injuries and fatalities worldwide by killing around 1.2 million people each year and injuring another 50 million. It will have an immeasurable impact on the families affected by RTA. Objective: To evaluate the situation of RTA in Tangail and to find out the pattern of injuries present in the dead bodies in RTA.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study based on autopsy reports conducted to find out the pattern of death due to road traffic accidents in Sheikh Hasina Medical College and Hospital, Tangail during the period from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. After reviewing all postmortem reports 53 cases were found due to RTA, including railway accidents during this study period.Results: A total of 391 postmortem were conducted during the study period from January 2020 to December 2020 and out of which 53 cases were RTA. Female deaths were only 12( 22.64%) and the majority of the deaths were male 41( 77.36%). The highest percentage of deaths were found in the age group 21-30 year 21( 39.62%), followed by 31-40 (18.87%), 41-50 years( 16.98%). According to the types of vehicles, buses and lorries were responsible for the deaths. Regarding the types of victim distribution, pedestrians 28 (52.83(%) were the highest percentage and vehicle occupants were 15(28.30%). Among total cases, head injury (41.51%) was the highest percentage responsible for deaths, followed by fracture of the skull bone ( 41.51%), fracture of the long bone ( 16.98%), chest injuries( 22.64%) and pelvis fracture (5.66%.)Conclusion: Strict enforcement of traffic law, using seatbelts, maintaining the fitness of vehicles, driving licenses, improving public awareness, etc., can reduce this economic burden and protect vulnerable groups of people in our country. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 03, October 2023: 158-160.

Cost-benefit Analysis of Breast Cancer Screening with Digital Mammography: A Systematic Review.

Breast cancer is a non-communicable and common disease that accounts for a high percentage of deaths. Early diagnosis of this disease reduces the death rate. Screening methods such as digital mammography can help prevent or identify the disease earlier. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the cost-benefit of breast cancer using digital mammography. This systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA 2020 checklist. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched without any time limitation on June 2022. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the CHEERS checklist. After data extraction, the results were synthesized by thematic content analysis. During the search, 3468 records were identified, of which 1061 were duplicates. 2407 titles and abstracts screened in terms of inclusion criteria. Finally, after studying 20 fulltexts, three of them were included in the study. The quality of these articles was scored between 10 and 16. These studies were from Spain, Denmark, and the United States from 2000 to 2019. Two studies showed that digital mammography is not as effective as other screening methods. The results of this study showed that digital mammography is not very cost-benefit for the health care system. An increase in its repetition frequency imposes more costs on the health system and doesn't have more benefits for it.

Statins and 90-Day Functional Performance and Survival in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

The neuroprotective effect of statins has become a focus of interest in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). The purpose of this study was: (1) to evaluate the effect of statin use by the analyzed patients with sICH in the period preceding the onset of hemorrhage on their baseline neurological status and baseline neuroimaging of the head; (2) to evaluate the effect of statin use in the acute period of hemorrhage on the course and prognosis in the in-hospital period, taking into account whether the statin was taken before the hemorrhage or only after its onset; (3) to evaluate the effect of continuing statin treatment after in-hospital treatment on the functional performance and survival of patients up to 90 days after the onset of sICH symptoms, taking into account whether the statin was taken before the onset of sICH. A total of 153 patients diagnosed with sICH were analyzed, where group I were not previously taking a statin and group II were taking a statin before sICH onset. After lipidogram assessment, group I was divided into patients without dyslipidemia and without statin treatment (Ia) and patients with dyslipidemia who received de novo statin treatment during hospitalization (Ib). Group II patients continued taking statin therapy. We evaluated the effect of prior statin use on the severity of hemorrhage; the effect of statin use during the acute period of sICH on its in-hospital course; and the effect of statin treatment on the severity of neurological deficit, functional capacity and survival of patients up to 90 days after the onset of sICH symptoms. There was no effect of prior statin use on the severity of hemorrhage as assessed clinically and by neuroimaging of the head. At in-hospital follow-up, subgroup Ia was the least favorable in terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. This subgroup had the highest percentage of deaths during hospitalization. In the post-hospital period, the greatest number of patients with improvement in the NIHSS, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel scales were among those taking statins, especially group II patients. At 90-day follow-up, survival analysis fell significantly in favor of subgroup Ib and group II. 1. The use of statins in the pre-sICH period did not adversely affect the patients' baseline neurological status or the results of baseline neuroimaging studies. 2. Continued statin therapy prior to the onset of sICH or the inclusion of statins in acute treatment in patients with sICH and dyslipidemia does not worsen the course of the disease and the in-hospital prognosis. Statin therapy should not be discontinued during the acute phase of sICH. 3. To conclude the eventual beneficial effect on the functional performance and survival of patients after sICH onset, comparability of the analyzed groups in terms of clinical, radiological and other prognostic factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage would be needed. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Multi-factors assessment in COVID-19 patients: Fungal infection, ABO blood group, and age factors

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious and global public health concern. Severity of infection, fatality rates, and treatment responses across different countries, age groups, and demographic groups suggest that the nature of infection is diverse. Objectives: Evaluation of several factors: presence of fungal infection, analysis of ABO blood group distribution pattern, age distribution, percentage of death, and well-being outcome for each blood group patient. Materials and Methods: Data collection included the presence of fungal infection and measurement of its percentage. Classification of patients according to ABO blood group and measuring their mean age distribution and death-wellbeing outcome. Results: This study showed the presence of 5% of fungal infection among the patients. This study showed that the distribution of ABO blood group in 90 patients with COVID-19 was as follows: 38.9% (35), 28.9% (26), 26.7% (24), and 5.6% (5) for O, A, B, and AB blood group patients respectively. The analysis of variance study revealed no significant difference in age distribution between different ABO blood group patients. The outcome for these patients was that 35.6% died and 64.4% recovered. A higher percentage of deaths occurred in patients with B blood group (approximately 45.8%, 11 out of 24 patients) and a lower percentage of deaths noted in patients with A blood group (about 34.6%, 9 out of 26 patients). The higher percentage of recovery was among O blood group patients with 71.4% (25 out of 35 patients). The lower percentage of recovery was among B blood group patients with 54.2% (13 out of 24 patients). Conclusion: This study concluded that despite the higher percentage of COVID-19 infections in patients with O blood group, its high good outcome is promising. On the other hand, this point must be taken into consideration while planning vaccinations, since patients with B blood group have a high percentage of deaths and lower percentage of recovery.

REHABILITATION POTENTIAL AS THE BASIS OF THE PROCESS OF RESOCIALIZATION AND SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF YOUNG PERSONS AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE

Nowadays stroke is still a completely unresolved problem of the modern medical community, leading to a high percentage of death, and in case of survival - to disability. Disability after suffering a brain accident occupies a leading position among all causes of disability in patients, which significantly worsens the quality of life of patients and complicates the process of their resocialization and social adaptation. This article is devoted to the concept, principles and criteria of rehabilitation potential, as well as factors influencing it. KEYWORDS: ischemic stroke, young age, resocialization, social adaptation, rehabilitation potential.

Characteristics and clinical outcome in 312 patients with moderate to severe pneumonia due to SARS-COV-2 and hyperinflammation treated with anakinra and corticosteroids: A retrospective cohort study.

To assess the clinical outcome (death and/or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission) based on the time from hospital admission to the administration of anakinra and the possible usefulness of a "simplified" SCOPE score to stratify the risk of worse prognosis in our cohort of patients with moderate/severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, both vaccinated and unvaccinated, that received anakinra and corticosteroids. In addition, the clinical, analytical, and imaging characteristics of patients at admission are described. Retrospective cohort study of 312 patients admitted to Hospital Clínico San Cecilio in Granada for moderate/severe pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 that received anakinra and corticosteroids between March 2020 and January 2022. Clinical and analytical data were collected as well as the patient outcome at 30 and 60 days after admission. Three treatment groups were established according to the time from hospital admission to administration of anakinra: early (1st-2nd day), intermediate (3rd-5th day), and late (after the 5th day). The median age was 67.4 years (IQR 22-97 years) and 204 (65.4%) were male. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (58%). The median time from the start of symptoms to anakinra administration was 6 days (IQR 5-10) and the SaFi (SaO2/FiO2) was 228 (IQR 71-471). The cure rate was higher in the early-onset anakinra group versus the late-onset group (73% vs 56.6%). The latter had a higher percentage of deaths (27.4%) and a greater number of patients remained hospitalized for a month (16%). On admission, the patients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D-dimer values and decreased total lymphocytes. Analytical improvement was observed at both 72 hours and one month after treatment. 42 (13.5%) required ICU admission, and 23 (7.3%) orotracheal intubation. At 60 days, 221 (70.8%) were discharged, 87 (27.8%) had died and 4 (1.4%) remained hospitalized. The mean dose of anakinra was 1000 mg (100-2600 mg) with differences found between the dose administered and the clinical outcome. There were no differences in the primary outcome based on vaccination. A simplified SCOPE score at the start of anakinra administration was lower in patients with better clinical evolution. Early treatment with anakinra and corticosteroids was associated with a better outcome regardless of vaccination status. A simplified SCOPE was found to be a good prognostic tool.

Effectiveness of purple led for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria in in vitro sterilizers

Bacteria are inactivated using a technique called photodynamic inactivation, which combines light with a photosensitizer with the right spectrum. The objective of this study is to ascertain the e­ciency of purple LEDs for photoinactivating Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria as well as the ideal purple LED exposure energy density. This study technique involves exposing bacteria to purple LED radiation. Two elements of variation are used during irradiation. The first variation is the illumination variation at distances of 3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, and 12 cm. The second variation involves changing the amount of radiation for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The Total Plate Count (TPC) method was used to count the number of colonies. Statistical tests were utilized in data analysis, namely the One Way Anova test (analysis of variance). The results of this study indicated that 395 nm purple LED irradiation caused a decrease in Log CFU/mL of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis bacteria showed a higher mortality percentage than Escherichia coli bacteria. Changes in other irradiation distances also showed a higher percentage of death for Bacillus subtilis bacteria than Escherichia coli bacteria. The highest percentage of death was 98.5% for Bacillus subtilis bacteria and 94.3% for Escherichia coli bacteria at position C with an irradiation distance of 3 cm and an energy density of 524 J/cm2 with an LED exposure time of 120 minutes. This shows that the percentage of death of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli increased with increasing doses of LED energy with the greatest percentage of death in Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis.

Ethnic/Racial Disparity in Mortality from COVID-19: Data for the Year 2020 in Brazil.

The study aimed to investigate ethnic/racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Brazilian federative units and their respective capitals in 2020. Population data and number of COVID-19 deaths were extracted by skin color (white, black, brown and indigenous) from all Brazilian states and their respective capitals. The mortality rate of COVID-19 by ethnicity in Brazilian states was higher between people from brown skin color, followed by indigenous and black. Only in one state, in the Federal District and in the federal capital, age-standardized mortality rates were higher among white's people. There is a high percentage of deaths from COVID-19 higher than expected among non-white individuals, especially in south-central states and capitals of the country. Mortality from COVID-19 affect ethnic-racial groups unevenly in Brazil and the number of excess deaths among non-whites was over 9000. Urgent government measures are needed to reduce the racial disparity in health indicators in Brazil.

Assessment of Effect of Group Psychotherapy by Yalom Method Using Narrative Approach on Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Life Expectancy in Women Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Background: Although the life expectancy of many cancer patients has increased due to the increasing progress of medical science today, however, since this disease is still the cause of a high percentage of deaths, it is always accompanied by fears, stress and reduced adaptation. On the other hand, health resources are increasingly highlighting spirituality and its importance in health and illness. Objectives: This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of existential psychotherapy using the Yalom method using the story therapy approach on the level of anxiety, stress, depression and life expectancy in women with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The present study was an experimental study based on pre-test-post-test randomized group design with a control group with a sample of women with cancer undergoing chemotherapy who referred to one of the private clinics in Karaj city in Iran. 24 people were selected by random sampling method after the initial evaluation and were randomly replaced in two groups of 12 people, control and experimental. After that, all the subjects were tested by means of research tools, including Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Snyder’s Hope Scale (SHS). The people of the experimental group participated in existential group therapy interventions during 8 sessions (tow-hours sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end, the tests were conducted again for all 24 people and after collecting the questionnaires, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and the statistical test of covariance analysis. Results: The findings indicated that Yalom existential group psychotherapy led to a significant difference between the groups in the level of depression (P &lt; 0.0001), stress (P &lt; 0.0001), anxiety (P &lt; 0.0001) and the level of Life expectancy (P &lt; 0.0001) in women with cancer undergoing chemotherapy was compared to the control group. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that group psychotherapy using the story therapy approach has been significantly effective in reducing depression, anxiety and stress and increasing the life expectancy of women with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Identification of peptide epitopes of the gp120 protein of HIV-1 capable of inducing cellular and humoral immunity.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and a high percentage of deaths. Therefore, it is necessary to design vaccines against HIV-1 for the prevention of AIDS. Bioinformatic tools and theoretical algorisms allow us to understand the structural proteins of viruses to develop vaccines based on immunogenic peptides (epitopes). In this work, we identified the epitopes: P1, P2, P10, P27 and P30 from the gp120 protein of HIV-1. These peptides were administered intranasally alone or with cholera toxin (CT) to BALB/c mice. The population of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells (CD19/CD138+, IgA+ and IgG+) from nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, nasal passages, cervical and inguinal nodes was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, anti-peptides IgG and IgA from serum, nasal and vaginal washings were measured by ELISA. The results show that peptides administered by i.n. can modulate the immune response of T and B lymphocyte populations, as well as IgA and IgG antibodies secretion in the different sites analyzed. In conclusion, bioinformatics tools help us to select peptides with physicochemical properties that allow the induction of the humoral and cellular responses that depend on the peptide sequence.

Kemampuan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas Comosus L. Merr) Dalam Mematikan Jentik Nyamuk Culex sp

ABSTRACTCulex sp mosquitoes are known as a type of mosquito vector that can transmit filariasis. Filariasis (elephantiasis) is a disease caused by filarial worms. Control to reduce mosquitoes so far is still focused on chemical control which has a negative impact on the environment, it is necessary to develop the use of pesticides that are environmentally friendly and easily biodegradable.The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of pineapple peel extract to kill Culex sp. This type of research is experimental research. The sample in this study was 20 Culex sp larvae per treatment, so the total larvae used were 300 larvae which would be exposed to pineapple peel extract with concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, whose mortality was calculated every 60 minutes for 3 hours, with 3 repetitions.The results showed that pineapple peel extract at a concentration of 1% was able to kill Culex sp larvae with a mortality percentage of 25%, a concentration of 2% with a mortality percentage of 30%, a concentration of 3% with a mortality percentage of 35%, while at a concentration of 4% it was able to kill 12 larvae. which is the highest percentage of deaths with a mortality percentage of 60%.The conclusion of this study was that pineapple peel extract was only able to kill Culex sp larvae up to 60% so it was not said to be effectivebecause it had not killed larvae up to 80%.

Factors Associated with in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A 5-Year Analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

Background: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive, life-threatening syndrome caused by a robust and excessive immune response leading to multi-organ failure. HLH can be due to a myriad of etiologies that range from primary disorders related to genetic defects or secondary to infections, autoimmune conditions, malignancies, etc. HLH has been broadly recognized in the pediatric population. Most of the clinical guidelines and evidence are based on this population; thus, more literature is needed amongst the adult population, especially on what factors increase mortality. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate factors associated with mortality in HLH Among Hospitalized Patients in the US using a Large Nation-wide Database. Methods: We performed a retrospective survey analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using ICD10-CM and PCS codes to identify adult patients hospitalized with a primary or secondary diagnosis of HLH between October 2015 and December 2019. We compared patients who survived the illness as a control group versus patients who died during the hospitalization. A comparison was done between demographic variables including age, race, sex, median income, among other factors. Data regarding past medical history was also included. The most common causes of HLH were queried and compared between the two groups. Lastly, we performed a final comparison between multiple inpatient complications and outcomes between the two groups. We used qui-square and fisher exact test for categorical variables and student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. All analysis was done using R studio utilizing the survey package. Results: Data from 8,660 admissions with HLH were included, of which 21% of patients died during the hospitalization. Patients with HLH who died tended to be males (61%), slightly older at age 53 years, and a higher percentage of white patients (55%), though not statistically significant than those who did not die. On the other hand, increased mortality was associated with hematological malignancies (37% vs 24%, p<0.05), baseline chronic kidney, heart, and liver disease. Additionally, these patients were also more likely to develop renal failure, non-septic shock, and pneumonia. Interestingly, patients with rheumatological disorders had statistically lower deaths (13% vs 17% p<0.05). Patients in the lowest percentile of income had the highest percentage of deaths at 30% and the highest percentile of income had a lower percentage of deaths at 22%. The length of inpatient stay was significantly longer in patients who died (18 vs 14 days, p<0.05). In terms of location, larger academic hospitals had higher mortality (77% vs 71%, p=0.02), with no difference between regions. Conclusions: This nationwide data analysis demonstrates the high mortality rates that persist in patients with HLH. Our study contributes to the growing literature on HLH, an intricate and complex topic that is not yet fully understood. Increased attention should be placed on the older population with pre-existent co-morbidities as well as patients with hematological malignancies and low socioeconomic status who are at potentially higher risk of death, to elucidate the mechanisms leading to poor outcomes and potential treatments of this condition. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Comparison of clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in discharged and dead patients with COVID-19

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected in the Middle East. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran. MethodsThe clinical manifestations, radiological data, laboratory findings, and the underlying diseases of the patients with COVID-19 were obtained from electronic medical records. Next, this information was compared in discharged and dead patients. ResultsOverall, 4028 patients with COVID-19 including 3088 discharged, 778 dead, and 162 still hospitalized patients were enrolled in this study. The highest percentage of people who recovered (55%) was between 30 and 60 years old and the highest percentage of deaths (74.4%) was more than 60 years old. Based on demographic data, 50.05% were female and 49.95% were male. Clinical evaluations revealed that dyspnea (56.9%), cough (31.4%) and fever (17.8%) were the most manifestations. Comorbidities were significantly higher in the dead group. Laboratory analysis revealed abnormalities in lymphocyte count (LYM), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). The most prevalent computed tomography (CT) scan data were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (30.5%) and consolidation (9.4%). ConclusionsLaboratory parameters and clinical and radiological findings help to evaluate the follow-up of the disease in patients. Age and comorbidities are factors that predispose people to COVID-19. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of various factors on the progression of COVID-19 infection.

Age and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: a comparison of the prison and general population

PurposeThe USA has a rapidly aging prison population that, combined with their poorer health and living conditions, is at extreme risk for COVID-19. The purpose of this paper is to compare COVID-19 mortality trends in the US prison population and the general population to see how mortality risk changed over the course of the pandemic. The authors first provide a national overview of trends in COVID-19 mortality; then, the authors assess COVID-19 deaths among older populations using more detailed data from one US state.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used multiple publicly available data sets (e.g. Centers for Disease Control and prevention, COVID Prison Project) and indirect and direct standardization to estimate standardized mortality rates covering the period from April 2020 to June 2021 for the US and for the State of Texas.FindingsWhile 921 COVID-19-related deaths among people in US prisons were expected as of June 5, 2021, 2,664 were observed, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio of 2.89 (95%CI 2.78, 3.00). The observed number of COVID-19-related deaths exceeded the expected number of COVID-19-related deaths among people in prison for most of the pandemic, with a substantially widening gap leading to a plateau about four weeks after the COVID-19 vaccine was introduced in the USA. In the state population, the older population in prison is dying at younger ages compared with the general population, with the highest percentage of deaths among people aged 50–64 years.Research limitations/implicationsPeople who are incarcerated are dying of COVID-19 at a rate that far outpaces the general population and are dying at younger ages.Originality/valueThis descriptive analysis serves as a first step in understanding the dynamic trends in COVID-19 mortality and the association between age and COVID-19 death in US prisons.