Higher Levels Of Empathy Research Articles

Self-awareness, empathy, and patient-centered care among critical care nurses in Jordan

ABSTRACT Self-awareness, empathy, and patient-centered care are essential components for nurses for improving nurse-patient relationship and providing high-quality care for the patients. There is limited research regarding these components among critical care nurses in Arab countries, including Jordan. Thus, this study purposed to evaluate the self-awareness, empathy, and patient-centered care among critical care nurses in Jordan. A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was applied. Data were collected from 140 registered nurses from six hospitals in different health sectors. Findings showed that the mean scores for self-awareness, empathy and patient-centered care were as follows: 1.92 (SD = 0.27), 4.87 (SD = 0.88), and 3.71 (SD = 0.80), respectively. These results indicate that nurses had a high level of self-awareness and empathy and a low level of patient-centered care. There was no relationship between self-awareness and socio-demographic variables, perceived stress, and social support. Also, there was a positive relationship between empathy and social support (r = 0.310, p < 0.001). Patient-centered care had a positive relationship with social support (r = 0.202, p < 0.05) and perceived stress (r = 0.175, p < 0.05), also, male nurses had higher patient-centered care than female encounters. Social support was a predictor of empathy, while social support and perceived stress were the main predictors for patient-centered care. The results of the study reflect the need for educational programs to promote self-awareness and empathy to enhance patient-centered care and achieve high-quality patient care. Additionally, correlating factors with PCC (social support and perceived stress) should be taken into consideration upon implementing any interventional programs.

РОЛЬ САМОТУРБОТИ В РОЗВИТКУ ЕМПАТІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ

The article is devoted to the problem of empathy and its development in future psychologists. It is noted that empathy, as the ability to understand the inner world of another person, and sympathize with him or her, is one of the most important professional qualities for psychologists and one of the factors of the success of their professional activity. However, an excessive empathic concern may be a risk factor for burnout. It was found that psychologists can use 5 forms of empathic response in their work: understanding, challenge, research, assumption, and interpretation. These forms of response require the use of cognitive thinking processes and are more like a skill that can be developed and trained. At the same time, the cognitive costs of empathy may force future psychologists to avoid it. As a result of the conducted empirical research, it was noticed that empathy is underdeveloped in future psychologists. It was found that 10.5% of final year students have a very low level of empathy, 36.8% have an undervalued level, 52.6% have an average level of empathy, and no student was found with a high level of empathy. The empathy scores of the final year students are lower compared to the 3rd and 2nd year students, which can be explained by the increased level of personal stress and anxiety of the graduates before their further life and professional trajectory. It was also found out that besides personal stress, the ability of empathic response is impaired due to the frequent sleep deprivation traced in students. Based on the theoretical analysis, it is substantiated that for the development of healthy empathy of future psychologists, which would not further lead to sensory overload and emotional exhaustion, self-care skills that are formed on the basis of self-awareness, mindfulness and self-reflection should become extremely important. These require vulnerability, which can cause feelings of insecurity and even shame. But it is vital for psychologists to recognize that their mistakes and failures are not special; or different from what they see in others when they show empathy and sympathy. Everyone experiences pain, loneliness, despair, and inadequacy, but only by sharing this as part of a shared humanity we can understand that we are not alone. The driving force behind the cultivation of empathy is the desire to develop empathy and the belief in the possibilities of its development.

Medical empathy in medical students in Madrid: A proposal for empathy level cut-off points for Spain.

This study evaluates the degree of empathy among medical students and its influencing factors at three critical moments of their degree studies (beginning of first year and end of third and sixth years) as well as establishes low-, medium-, and high-empathy cut-off points to obtain valid and reliable results that can be extrapolated to the general population. This cross-sectional study of the eight (public and private) medical schools in the province of Madrid, used an electronic questionnaire with the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), Medical Student Well-Being Index, and other independent characteristics as measuring instruments. Of the 2,264 student participants, 1,679 (74.0%) were women, with a 50.7% participation rate. No significant differences were found in empathy levels by academic year. Regarding range, percentile and cut-off point tables were established to identify students with high, medium, and low empathy levels. Women (p<0.001), volunteer workers (p<0.001), and those preferring general specialties (internal medicine, psychiatry, pediatrics, or family medicine) scored higher on the JSE (p<0.02). Moreover, 41.6% presented high level of psychological distress. Women reported a lower well-being level and a higher risk of psychological distress (p = 0.004). In sum, the empathy of medical students in Madrid did not differ among the three critical moments of their university studies. The established cut-off points could be taken into account when accessing the medical degree and identifying students with low levels of empathy to implement curricular interventions to rectify this perceived deficiency. There was a high percentage of medical students with high levels of psychological distress.

Increasing the Efficacy of Emotional Appeal Ads on Online Video-Watching Platforms: The Effects of Goals and Emotional Approach Tendency on Ad-Skipping Behavior

Using an experimental tool that tracks viewers’ real-time ad-skipping behavior, the current research tested when and why a highly arousing emotional appeal ad that induces a set of complex discrete emotions can reduce the ad-skipping rate on social media platforms such as YouTube. Across three experiments, we showed the following results. First, the ad-skipping rate of emotional appeal ads was lower among consumers who had the goal of watching emotional (versus informational) videos. Second, ad-elicited empathy mediated this effect. Third, the effects of the emotional appeal ad on ad-skipping behaviors were contingent upon consumers’ predisposition to approach emotional experiences. Among consumers who were seeking emotional experiences, higher levels of empathy resulted in lower ad-skipping rates and longer ad-viewing duration when the emotional appeal of the ad matched with the emotional goal of video watching; in contrast, among consumers who were not seeking emotional experiences, the opposite effect was found.

The Association between Parental Marital Satisfaction and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior in China: A Moderated Serial Mediation Model

Parental marital satisfaction is a well-established protective factor for prosocial behavior in adolescents, yet the parental socialization of adolescent prosocial behavior is limited in Chinese culture. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether the association between parental marital satisfaction and adolescent prosocial behavior is mediated by parent–child intimacy and/or adolescent empathy. The present study examined these associations in 480 students (50.4% male, age = 12.7 ± 0.54 years) and one of their parents. Path analysis (Mplus) revealed that parental marital satisfaction was related to a high level of parent–child intimacy, which was, in turn, associated with a high level of adolescent empathy, which itself predicted adolescent prosocial behavior. The serial mediation effect differed between boys and girls. Specifically, compared with boys, girls’ parent–child intimacy was a stronger predictor of their empathy, and empathy had a stronger predictive effect on their prosocial behavior. Several implications for interventions and policies for increasing prosocial behavior in children are suggested.

What social issues do people invest in? An examination based on the empathy–altruism hypothesis of prosocial crowdfunding platforms

This study aims to elucidate the effects of a prosocial orientation on investments in entrepreneurial businesses through crowdfunding platforms. By drawing on the theory of empathy in social psychology, we focused on social issues that campaigns address, rather than the rhetoric and narratives used in campaigns. We applied a topic modeling method to identify types of social issues expressed in campaign documents. Furthermore, we conducted a questionnaire survey to measure the degree of empathic feeling about social issues. The results revealed that high levels of empathy to social issues do not directly lead to supporting behavior, and in particular, high levels of emotional empathy suppress the effects of cognitive empathy. Instead, backers are more likely to invest in campaigns that address social issues that evoke cognitive empathy and that are perceived to be a viable business.

The Perceptions of Fifth-Graders Following Ecology Service Learning–The Case of the “Lesser Kestrel Day”

An instrumental case study examined the experiences and emotions of fifth-graders, aged 10-11, following their service-learning, which was designed to help the Lesser Kestrel, an endangered species in Israel. The case study methodology used three research tools that included analyses of drawings and explanations, personal reflections, and focus groups. The research revealed four processes that students went through: emotional, social, cognitive and behavioral. These processes supported the creation of an educational setting that allowed students to develop as independent learners with responsibilities towards their peers and a high level of empathy while experiencing environmental citizenship. In addition, the successful experience generated a positive feeling together with pro-environmental behavior leading towards biodiversity conservation.

Empathy in occupational therapy students: a cross-sectional study at a Spanish university

IntroductionEmpathy is an important interpersonal skill and a fundamental component in the professional–patient relationship, being the basis for implementing person-centred practice. In several studies, a decrease in empathy levels throughout...

Investigating Empathy: The Unresolved Enigma - A Multicenter Study among Dental Students in South India

Introduction: Empathy in health care is associated with a reduction in patient’s anxiety, improved cooperation in child patients, increased treatment compliance, improved treatment outcomes, and reduced stress. A recent systematic review of research on empathy among dental students stated that there is not enough evidence to understand empathy among dental students. A gap still exists in the understanding of the link between Empathy and gender and year of study. This multi-centric, cross-sectional study assesses the gender-wise and year-wise differences in empathy among dental students in Puducherry. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and fourteen clinical students (3rd year, final year, interns and postgraduates) of three Dental Institutes participated in the study. Empathy was scored using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Healthcare Provider-Student version assessed on a five -point Likert scale. Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. (P &lt; 0.05). Results: Mean Empathy Score among the dental students was 68.71 (SD 7.441); 32.4% were male 67.6% were female. Difference in mean empathy scores between males (67.64 ± 7.72) and Females (69.22 ± 7.26) was statistically significant (P = 0.043). Interns showed the highest empathy levels and post-graduates the lowest. However, the difference in empathy levels across the different years of study was not statistically significant. (Third year 68.75 ± 7.24, final year 68.07 ± 6.97, interns 69.82 ± 7.82 and postgraduates 67.87 ± 8.13; P = 0.206). Conclusion: Empathy level among the students was low. Females had higher empathy levels. Among the undergraduates, empathy levels did not decline with increase in year of study, a finding which is contradictory to existing evidence. Educational reforms in the existing curriculum are required to impart ethics and professionalism and improve the empathy levels of dental students.

Willingness to pay for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the general adult population

ObjectiveOur aim was to examine the willingness to pay (WTP) for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests and its correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Study design/MethodsA representative online survey was conducted in late summer 2021 (with n = 3075; the average age was 44.5 years; 14.8 years ranging from 18 to 70 years) in Germany. Two-part models were conducted. Various correlates (such as empathy or altruism) were included in the regression analysis. ResultsThe average WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (in euros) was 6.6 (standard deviation 8.4) in the general adult population. It markedly differed between subgroups (e.g. the average WTP was 2.9 among individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 and 7.5 among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19; it was 5.4 among the lowest income decile, whereas it was 8.6 among the highest income decile). Regressions showed that a higher WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests was associated with being male, being in the highest income group, being vaccinated against COVID-19, and having higher levels of empathy. ConclusionsAs the very first study in this area, our study described WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests and some interesting differences between population subgroups. In particular, individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 reported a low WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests. Approximately one-fourth of the sample reported a WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests of €0 among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas approximately two-thirds of those not vaccinated against COVID-19 reported such a WTP. Knowledge about the WTP for COVID-19 rapid antigen tests is important for policy makers (e.g. for testing strategies) during this pandemic. It may also give a rough estimation of the acceptance of such rapid tests.

Promoting Social and Emotional Learning in Middle School: Intervention Effects of Facing History and Ourselves

There are fewer evidence-based social and emotional learning programs for middle school students compared to younger grades. This randomized controlled trial tests the effectiveness of Facing History and Ourselves (hereafter, Facing History) with a sample of 694 (Facing History n = 437; Comparison n = 257) students from a low-resourced school district. Youth self-identified as female (59%), Black/African American (61%), Hispanic/Latinx (18%), White (2%), and multi-racial or some other race/ethnicity (19%). Intervention students perceived their classrooms as more caring and democratic than students in the comparison group. They reported higher levels of empathy, prosocial behavior, and stronger participatory citizenship beliefs. This study expands the evidence-based of effective SEL programs available to schools.

Level and correlates of empathy and altruism during the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidence from a representative survey in Germany.

AimOur purpose was to clarify the level and correlates of empathy and altruism in the German population during the Covid-19 pandemic.MethodsA nationally representative survey (n = 3,075) was conducted in August/September 2021. To measure empathy, a short scale based on the Interpersonality Reactivity Index (IRI; German version: Saarbrucken personality questionnaire, SPF) was used (SPF-K). Based on the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP; IPIP-5F30F-R1), the subscale altruism was used to quantify altruism.ResultsThe average altruism score was 3.3 (SD: 0.7), ranging from 1 to 5. Moreover, the average empathy score was 13.1 (SD: 2.8), ranging from 4 to 20. The level of empathy significantly differed between the subgroups. For example, high levels of empathy were identified among women (average: 13.7, SD: 2.7), individuals with children (average: 13.5, SD: 2.8), and individuals with migration background (average: 13.6, SD: 2.8). Effect sizes were mostly small. Similar differences (in terms of effect size) were identified between these groups regarding altruism. Additionally, regressions showed that higher levels of both empathy and altruism were associated with being female, younger age, having children, sports activities and having at least one chronic disease. Moreover, vaccination against Covid-19 was only associated with higher altruism, but not with higher empathy.ConclusionOur study emphasized the moderately high level of empathy and altruism in Germany during times of the pandemic. Identifying the correlates of these factors may help to address individuals with very low levels of these factors.

Exploring early childhood practitioners’ perceptions of empathy with children and families: initial findings

ABSTRACT This paper explores initial results from phase one of a research project examining early childhood practitioners’ (ECP) perceptions of empathy within their practice. Empathy is widely understood as the ability to understand others’ feelings, to see things through other people’s eyes, imagining what it would be like to be that person in that situation. It is widely accepted that anyone working with young children should have excellent empathy skills. However, although there is an abundance of published research on the role of empathy within nursing and social work, and limited research in the education profession, there is scarcely any research of empathy within ECP practice. This paper presents initial findings from Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) research with a sample of nine ECPs working in the UK, research which is derived from ongoing PhD study. Participants were asked to keep reflective diaries of their empathic interactions, and these were followed up with semi-structured interviews to further investigate responses. The study has revealed a range of definitions of empathy and found evidence of high levels of empathy and emotion within the practice. A second phase of research aims to examine types of empathy and the effect of emotional labour on practitioners.

Assessment of Greek Smokers' Psychological Characteristics and Empathy While Smoking in Enclosed Public Spaces and Near Nonsmokers.

BackgroundSmoking presents a strong association between emotional intelligence and increased anxiety and depression. Empathy is a form of perception where people feel the emotional states of others as their own. The act of smoking expresses indifference to social norms and the health of nonsmokers, which speaks to smokers’ psychology. We conducted this study to identify the impact of smoking in psychology, empathy, and smoking behavior and examine the effect of smokers’ psychological characteristics and empathy toward smoking in enclosed public spaces and in front of nonsmokers.MethodologyA primary, quantitative, synchronous, correlational, and nonexperimental research was accomplished using validated, reliable questionnaires. We used random sampling to acquire the study population consisting of 453 employees of public dining areas, owners of public dining areas, and medical and nonmedical students at the University of Larissa, Greece. Data were collected via self-completed questionnaires on participant demographic information and smoking habits. We used SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to analyze the data with significance set at 5%. We also used independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s coefficient, chi-square test, and factorial analysis of variance with significance set at 5%.ResultsWe found high levels of empathy in smokers with low psychosomatic symptoms. Smoking significantly affected levels of empathy (p<.001), annoyance when they are in a place where smoking is prohibited, someone else smoking (p<.001), recommendations of someone who smokes in a nonsmoking area to quit (p<.001), and hostility (p<.001). There was a statistically significant effect of double interaction sample category and smoking on empathy (p<.001). Smoking more than 15 cigarettes affected the levels of agreement in the perception that nonsmokers around them are bothered when they smoke (p=.004) and anxiety (p=.002). Perceptions about the annoyance of nonsmokers were negatively correlated with interpersonal sensitivity (p=.003), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p=.003), hostility (p<.001), paranoid ideation (p=.005), psychoticism (p=.001), and Global Severity Index (p=.006). Annoyance, when smoking is prohibited, was positively correlated with empathy (p=.001) while negatively correlated with somatization (p=.012) and hostility (p=.013). Smoking in prohibited places was related to somatization (p=.032), hostility (p<.001), and paranoid ideation (p=.001).ConclusionsThe purpose of this study was to examine the empathy and psychopathological characteristics of smokers in Greece. Smokers presented high levels of hostility and those who smoke more than 15 cigarettes per day indicated higher levels of anxiety than those who smoke less or not at all. Lower levels of empathy appeared in smokers, regardless of occupation. Smokers presented lower levels of annoyance when they are in a place where smoking is prohibited and someone else smokes. Participants with higher somatization, hostility, and lower empathy are less bothered when they are in a place where smoking is prohibited and someone else smokes. These findings could assist the development of communication materials aimed at smokers to help them understand that others nearby do not enjoy their smoking practices, especially in an enclosed area. These findings could also facilitate feasible antismoking laws with an overall goal to reduce smoking in a population.

Korean College Students’ Attitudes toward Disability and Inclusive Education: Latent Profile Analysis

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the differences in cognitive-behavioral attitudes and emotional connectedness toward people with disabilities (PWDs) and the attitudes toward inclusive education. In total, 309 college students from various universities in South Korea aged from 18 to 29 years (177 male and 130 female) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were completed a set of questionnaires: Social Distance Toward Disabilities scale, Interaction with Disabled Person Scale, and Teachers’ Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to model four distinct types: distant (3.56%), lukewarm (73.91%), rationalizing (8.41%), and potential proactive (14.12%). The majority of participants were lukewarm type who had a slightly cognitive-behavioral distance with mediocre empathy toward PWDs, which links to vague stands toward inclusive education. Potential proactive type, the second largest group, showed a positive attitude toward inclusive education with a high level of empathy but still had ambivalent perceptions toward PWDs. The rationalizing and distant groups had one thing in common that they had a relatively low level of empathy toward PWDs, but showed a markedly opposite position in inclusive education. The findings indicate that interventions should be tailored based on the type-specific attitudes and experiences with PWDs in public and educational settings.

Relationship outcomes following a service failure: the role of agent likability

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of likeability of service agents on perceived justice and reconciliation and retaliation as consequences of service failures, taking into consideration the conflict resolution styles that is showing empathy and issuing an apology.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was administered to 630 residents in the United States. The participants were US residents, had experienced a service failure in the prior six months and had complained either in person or by phone call.FindingsIt was found that likeability had a positive effect on both reconciliation and retaliation. Given the likeability of the service agent, interactional justice mitigated retaliation, whereas distributive justice enhanced reconciliation. Furthermore, when a service agent displays a high level of empathy and apology, the positive effect of likeability on distributive justice is intensified.Originality/valueThis study extends the current knowledge concerning the effects of likeability in service recovery by offering a comprehensive framework and practical implications for managers to restore business relationships following a service failure.

Designing Empathic Virtual Agents: Manipulating Animation, Voice, Rendering, and Empathy to Create Persuasive Agents.

Designers of virtual agents have a combinatorically large space of choices for the look and behavior of their characters. We conducted two between-subjects studies to explore the systematic manipulation of animation quality, speech quality, rendering style, and simulated empathy, and its impact on perceptions of virtual agents in terms of naturalness, engagement, trust, credibility, and persuasion within a health counseling domain. In the first study, animation was varied between manually created, procedural, or no animations; voice quality was varied between recorded audio and synthetic speech; and rendering style was varied between realistic and toon-shaded. In the second study, simulated empathy of the agent was varied between no empathy, verbal-only empathic responses, and full empathy involving verbal, facial, and immediacy feedback. Results show that natural animations and recorded voice are more appropriate for the agent's general acceptance, trust, credibility, and appropriateness for the task. However, for a brief health counseling task, animation might actually be distracting from the persuasive message, with the highest levels of persuasion found when the amount of agent animation is minimized. Further, consistent and high levels of empathy improve agent perception but may interfere with forming a trusting bond with the agent.

FEATURES OF EMPATHY AND REFLECTION IN FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the understanding of the phenomena of empathy and reflection in psychology and the empirical study of the peculiarities of their relationship and correlation with the personal characteristics of students of future psychologists. The understanding of the concept of reflection in psychology is generalized in its interpretation as a metacognitive process, which involves a serious self-analysis of human content of hi\her own inner space: from all cognitive processes; thoughts, experiences, decisions, plans, motives and actions, to his\her place in life and the way of being in it. Empathy is interpreted as an impartial, accurate entry into the inner world of another person, a temporary "dissolution" in the interlocutor, being with him/her to accurately feel his/her experiences and their significance for him/her as he/she experiences it. It is noted that, understanding empathy as a complex integrative formation, it is much more logical to distinguish not individual types of empathy, in fact, dividing it into parts, but consider them part of a holistic phenomenon of empathy, each of which tends to be stronger than others in an appropriate situation. Whereas the highest level of empathy is being with another person, which involves understanding all the nuances of the inner world. It is stated that our theoretical analysis of the problem of empathy and reflection in psychology shows that the holistic theory of empathy, as well as the theory of reflection, are currently at the stage of formation, development and further research as there is complete diversity both in the scientific definition of these concepts and in understanding their structure and components and the selection of their types and determining the levels of their manifestation. It is concluded that the empirical study and analysis of its results confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of a relationship (correlated, statistically significant) between the phenomena of empathy and reflection (often individual components / types of reflection with individual indicators of empathy), as well as each of these processes with dispositional characteristics of the individual (which in particular are expressed in relation to other people). The hidden factors of such connections are also revealed, which allow to make assumptions that the levels of empathy and reflection development in the studied samples are insufficient for the helping profession (psychologist) and are explained by these internal causes / factors.

Effects of Living Conditions, Political Orientation, and Empathy on Behaviors and Attitudes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Study in the Brazilian Context

For a year now, the world has been facing the pandemic of COVID-19, which has affected many sectors of society in an unprecedented proportion. The main objective of this paper was to investigate whether there are relationships between empathy, prosocial behavior, and adherence to measures to fight COVID-19 in a sample of Brazilian participants. Results point to the influence of education, living conditions, political orientation, and empathy on the adoption of measures to contain the virus, and on personal impressions regarding the disease. Specifically, participants with more years of education, with better conditions of practice social distancing, and those who identified themselves as leftist or center-leftist were more favourable to adopting virus containment measures and to practicing physical distancing. Higher levels of empathy were also associated to more positive attitudes concerning those measures. It is argued that political polarization and divergences between discourses by scientists, health authorities, politicians, and the Brazilian rulers may be reinforcing the perception of division in society. This, in turn, inhibits the building of a collectivistic view concerning COVID-19, which would be crucial to cope with the pandemic.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43076-021-00130-x.

Коммуникативные умения и эмпатия студентов первого курса

The work is aimed at determining differences in the distribution of first-year students by levels of empathy in relation to communicative skills, since in the process of developing personal professional qualities in the process of preparing for educational and professional communication, communicative skills and empathy also become relevant. A brief theoretical review of research on communicative skills and emotional experiences as components of personal professional qualities is presented. The results of a mixed empirical study were obtained on a normal sample of defectology students (A&lt;1; E&lt;1). The study involved respondents (N=49) aged 17 to 23 years (M=19,20; SD=1,51). The methods of L. Mikhelson “Test of communicative skills”, A. Mehrabyan and N. Epstein “Diagnostics of the level of polycommunicative empathy” were used as a research tool. The research procedure was carried out through a voluntary online questionnaire. The results indicate the severity of very high and high levels of polycommunicative empathy and competence-based type of communicative behavior in the process of teaching students-defectologists. Intergroup differences in the distribution of respondents with competence-based, dependent and aggressive types of communicative behavior in the process of preparing for educational and professional communication were obtained. It is noted that the manifestation of the competence type of communicative behavior (71,4%) in educational and professional communication and very high (53,1%), high levels (42,9%) of polycommunicative empathy allow us to assert individual differences in the formation of personal professional qualities of students. The empirical data obtained are presented in the light of the communicative-activity approach and explain the statistical differences in the levels of empathy of students in relation to various types of communicative behavior.