Highest Girth Research Articles

Assessing the Production Potentials of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using Two Seed Systems (Formal and Informal) in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most extensively cultivated fruity vegetable in Cameroon, as its production has the potential to improve food security, as well as income stability for small-scale subsistence farming communities. Most studies on Tomato seed have focused on its response to environmental variations but there exist inadequate information on a comparative study of the use of formal and informal seed systems. This study was thus aimed at assessing the production potentials of two tomato seed systems (T1: Informal seeds, T2: Formal non-hybrid seeds and T3: formal hybrid seeds). Randomized Complete Block Design was used, with three treatments replicated thrice. A sample size of 20 plants were randomly selected from each experimental unit for data collection. T3 had the highest % germination (93%), while T2 had the least (72%). 4WAP, T3 had the tallest plants (69.53 ± 3.07 cm) and T2 had the shortest (50.03 ± 4.31cm), while T1 had the highest girth (8.40±0.75cm) and produced the most leaves (35.93± 6.14). T1 produced the most flowers (73.83 flowers) while T2 and T3 produced 19.83 and 62.93 flowers respectively with T1 producing the most fruits 27.6 as opposed to 4.23 fruits for T3 and 24.43 fruits for T2. T2 had a fruit weight 0.09 ± 0.14 Kg when compared to T1 (6.35 ± 5.67 Kg) and T2 (6.04 ± 4.29) with T1 having the highest fruit diameter (34.97 ± 3.54mm) and highest yield per ha (18.16 ± 16.20 ton/ha). In this studies we conclude that the informal seed system performed better germination percentage, growth and yield component than the formal seed system of tomato.

Combined Effects of Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Red Capsicum (Capsicum Annuum L.) Grown at Rooftop

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of red capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.). It was conducted on rooftop of a building in Bogura town, Bogura. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments with three replications and was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Treatments were T1: Control (-OM and -NPK), T2: 4 ton Nafco ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T3: 4 ton ACI ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T4: 4 ton Trichocompost ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T5: 4 ton Kazi Farms ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T6: 4 ton Mimpex ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T7: 4 ton Mazim ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T8: 4 ton McDonald ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T9: 4 ton Paragon ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T10: 4 ton Kazi Agro ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1, T11: 4 ton Vermicompost ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1 and T12:N46P20K50 kgha-1. Highest plant height (33.81 cm), leaf area (87.22 cm2 plant-1), number of leaves (43 plant-1), number of branches (6 plant-1), number of fruits (11 plant-1), fresh weight (0.60 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.67 g plant-1) were observed in treatment T4: 4 ton Trichocompost ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1. Highest girth (3.18 cm) was observed in treatment T7: 4 ton Mazim ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1. The overall best growth performance was achieved in T4: 4 ton Trichocompost ha-1 + N23P10K25 kgha-1 treatment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 31(1): 9-18, 2022 (January)

Long term performance of certain ortets and hybrid clones of Hevea brasiliensis in a high altitude region in Kerala, India

Long term performance of four hybrid Hevea clones and ten ortet selections including nine from a high elevation site within the traditional rubber growing tract of Kerala was studied. Significant variability was observed among the hybrids and ortets for all major agronomic traits. Growth of rubber trees was invariably poor in the high altitude region and tappability by the tenth year of planting was less than 50 per cent. The hybrid clones RRII 203 and RRIC 100 showed highest growth vigour with 80 per cent tappability by the 13th year of planting. Among the ortets, P 270 and Iritty 1 recorded the highest tappability of 64 per cent. The ortet P 270 was the best performer with the highest girth at the opening (61 cm), girth increment during immaturity (5.5 cm) on tapping (3.4 cm) and bole volume (0.1 m3). RRII 203 was the highest yielding clone with 56 g tree-1 tap-1 over eight years of tapping. High annual yield (48 g tree-1 tap-1) and lean season yield of P 270 combined with high drc on par with the highest yielding clone RRII 203 indicated the specific adaptability of this ortet to high elevation areas. The ortets P 213 and Iritty 1 and hybrid clone RRIC 100 were the other promising clones exhibiting growth adaptation and high yield potential under high altitude conditions.

Effect of chemicals, PGRs and pruning on morpho-physiological parameters in mango under high density planting

Investigations on the effect of canopy management in mango (Mangifera indica L) cv Alphonso using chemicals, different growth regulators and pruning methods under high density planting were conducted during 2015–2016. The treatments were evaluated in terms of changes in morpho-physiological attributes. Among eight treatments, soil drenching of paclobutrazol registered the lowest canopy diameter and length and highest girth of shoots. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents and SPAD value of the leaves were significantly improved by the application of growth retardants particularly paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride. Specific leaf weight was markedly improved by the application of growth retardants. Statistically superior soluble protein content and maximum level of total phenolics were observed in paclobutrazol applied trees followed by triple spray of chlormequat chloride at pre-flowering stage (Dec 2015).

A New Construction Method for Large Girth Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes with Optimized Lower Bound using Chinese Remainder Theorem

This paper presents a new construction algorithm of Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes of medium to large block-length by combining QC-LDPC codes of small block-length as their component codes, via Chinese remainder theorem. Such component codes were constructed by permuting each column block sequentially to attain the desire local girth. After combining all component codes to generate an expanded parity-check matrix, the resulting girth is greater than or at least equal to the highest girth of component codes. We investigate a lower bound for circulant permutation matrices in the proposed method, which provides efficient and fast encoding for a desired girth, and has very simple structure and more economical in terms of hardware implementation. As already proven, a high girth parameter of the parity-check matrix ensures a good error correcting performance. Thus, simulation results show that our proposed construction method of the parity-check matrix significantly outperforms the other well-known existing methods, has low error-floor, and can reduce encoding complexity for medium to large block-length QC-LDPC codes.

Intra clonal variations of specific gravity and selected mechanical properties of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.

Intra clonal variation of specific gravity (sp. gr.) and selected mechanical properties in 4–5 years old trees of five clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. developed by ITC Bhadrachalam (clone 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10) is reported. Four trees of each clone were studied from Sarapakka, Andhra Pradesh (India). There is a significant difference within the clone in the sp. gr. for all the clones except for clone 10. Differences in within clone bending properties (MOE, MOR and FS at LP) in green and air-dry condition on the contrary are non-significant in all the clones. Very similar trend is observed for CS at LP (except for clone 7) and hardness (except for end hardness in clone 4 for dry condition and clone 7 for side hardness in green condition). Maximum crushing strength (MCS), however, showed significant difference in all the clones except for clone 7. In general, it can be concluded that difference in strength properties is non-significant and do not follow the trend of specific gravity. Trees of clone 4 have highest values for all the properties tested among the five clones. Trees of clones 3 and 10 have identical sp. gr. and are lowest among all the clones. MCS and CS at LP is lowest in trees of clone 10 closely followed by clone 3. Trees of clone 3 have lowest bending properties and hardness properties closely followed by clone 10. On an average clone 10 reports the highest girth for all the trees followed by clone 6. Clone 4 reports the lowest girth for the trees. No specific trend was observed between sp. gr. verses strength properties and girth of the trees versus sp. gr. and strength properties although there seems to be general reduction in strength and sp. gr. with increase in girth.

Reforestation feasibility in area formerly used for cattle rasing in the state of Rondônia, Northwest Brazilian Amazon

Little knowledge on initial behavior of native tree species in recovering landscapes in the Amazon is a current concern for expanding reforestation in the region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of native tree species that could be used for reforestation in area previously covered by a pasture of brachiaria grass (Brachiaria brizantha) destined for intensive cattle rasing in the State of Rondônia. For this, there were performed previous diagnostic of landscape changes and the election of tree species based on the ecological group information. Some of the critical macronutrients for plant growth were supplied in the holes to alleviate nutrient deficiencies. In addition, growth and survival parameters were taken to evaluate the initial behavior of species. Six native tree species planted with different combinations (10mx10m, 5mx5m and 3mx3m) had survival rate and growth (total height, girth stem and crown projection area) measured in different intervals: 6-month, 12-month and 24-month after planting. All the species presented survival rate over 90% at 24 months and comparable growth indices to other native species under similar situation and in the region. Overall, Schizolobium amazonicum (bandarra), the non-identified legume tree 1 (acácia grande) and Colubrina glandulosa (sóbrasil) averaged over 90% the highest girth stem growth all over the area. S. amazonicum and the non-identified legume tree 1 (acácia grande) presented the best results for height and canopy area growth parameters, respectively. The combination among native tree species from initial successional ecological groups and fertilizer was favorable to promote reforestation in the conditions of the study area in Rondônia.

Grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by crude oil in soil

A field experiment on the effect of crude oil levels: 0.0 (control), 5.2, 10.4, 20.8 and 41.6 ml applied at different stages of growth on maize yield and yield attributes, with a view to making appropriate recommendation to maize growers in the oil producing areas of the Niger Delta, was conducted in Ozoro, Delta State during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Seven maize varieties: Composite (suwan 1), Hybrid 3x-yx, AMATZER w, TZBRSYN w, AMATZBR y, TZBRSYN y and Ozoro local were evaluated. The current study has objective of evaluating the yield and yield components of seven varieties of maize grown in soil contaminated with crude oil with a view to identifying and selecting the tolerant ones and recommending the same to farmers in the Niger Delta region where oil industrial activities are predominant. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments replicated four times. Crude oil application (ring application) was carried out at three weeks after planting (3 WAP), 5 WAP and 7 WAP. Plants were harvested at 112 days after planting and assessed for grain yield, 1000-grain weight, cob girth and shelling percentage. The results showed that crude oil treatment significantly reduced (P > 0.05) grain yield, grain weight and cob girth but increased shelling percentage at P < 0.05. Significant differences at the 5% probably level in the responses of maize varieties to crude oils were also recorded at 5 and 7 WAP with Hybrid 3x-yx recording highest grain yield and weight whereas Ozoro local produced the highest cob girth and shelling percentage. Based on the results obtained from this investigation, Hybrid 3x-yx appeared to be susceptible to soils affected with crude oil as death was eminent at higher oil doses. The open pollinated varieties (AMATZER w, TZBRSYN w, AMATZBR y, TZBRSYN y) are better in terms of relative tolerance hence should be recommended to farmers and maize growers in the oil producing areas of Nigeria. There is therefore the need to test the open pollinated varieties on farmers’ field to determine their adaptability to oil pollution. Furthermore, the need for further studies to determine the level of pollution at which maize growth and yield are adversely affected cannot be overemphasized. The study established varietal differences with respect to maize response to crude oil level and this provides a basis for future breeding work by plant breeders. Key words: Crude oil, grain yield, yield components, Zea mays.