High Accident Frequency Research Articles

Comparative Characteristics of Mortality of Children Due to Road Traffic Injuries in the Kyrgyz Republic

High death rates due to road accidents are characteristic of most countries of the world and the problem is global. The United Nations General Assembly has adopted an ambitious goal to halve the number of road traffic fatalities and injuries worldwide by 2030. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the number of traffic accidents increased from 5868 in 2016 to 7041 cases in 2022. In the dynamics of road accidents in the regions of the republic, an increase trend in 2019-2020 was revealed, which was replaced by a decrease in 2022, with the exception of the city of Bishkek with a sharp increase of +70.2%. Regions with a high frequency of road accidents were Chui, Issyk-Kul regions and the cities of Bishkek and Osh. Starting from 2018, 2019 and 2021, with road accidents due to the fault of the driver, injuries to children increased, especially in 2021 in all regions of the republic. In 2022, injuries decreased, only in the Batken, Naryn and Chui regions there was an increase. By region, Batken, Talas, Jalal-Abad and Issyk-Kul regions prevail. The highest rates of increase in mortality of children in road accidents due to the fault of the driver were observed in 2019-2022. Regions with a high mortality rate of children in traffic accidents due to the fault of the driver include the Chui, Talas, Naryn and Issyk-Kul regions. It is necessary in road safety policy to ensure a holistic (systemic) approach to solving the problem of reducing road traffic injuries and mortality.

Analysis of factors affecting vehicle choice behavior in Hanoi city

Motorcycles are rapidly changing transportation in Vietnamese cities. Motorcycles are dominant in all sixty-three provinces/cities of Vietnam and accounted for nearly 80 percent of passenger transportation. The sharp rise in motorcycle ownership and usage has contributed to several unique motorcycle-related transportation challenges in Vietnam, which are different from those in developed countries where car usage is predominant. These challenges include a high frequency of motorcycle-related accidents and fatalities; and increasing motorcycle-related pollution and congestion. To address these challenges, policymakers in Vietnam have introduced policies that promote alternative transportation modes replacing motorcycles. This study adopts a vehicle user perspective to elucidate the factors influencing the choice of alternative means of transportation instead of motorbikes. The study was conducted through 800 sample surveys among individuals in Hanoi. In addition to the conventional factors included in the model, such as demographics and socio-economic characteristics, trip attributes, vehicle characteristics, subjective norms, awareness, and the appeal of alternative transport modes… This study introduces two additional factors: attitude to vehicles and health awareness. These additions are based on the cultural characteristics and transportation context unique to the capital. The research demonstrates that cultural factors influence the choice of transportation means. Specifically, family structure and attitudes towards vehicles emerge as major barriers to altering the preference for motorbikes in urban areas. Additionally, health awareness is shown to be a factor influencing transportation choices. The findings of this research will contribute to the theoretical foundation for shaping the vehicle management policies of Hanoi capital in the future.

Assessing the Impact of Unmanned Aerial Systems on Project Site Safety and Accessibility: A Comprehensive Study

The construction industry, responsible for shaping the modern world through iconic structures and critical infrastructure, faces a troubling challenge – a high frequency of occupational accidents. These accidents not only imperil workers’ lives but also impose significant economic and environmental burdens. This paper delves into the multifaceted realm of construction site safety and risk management, with a particular focus on the risks associated with construction project monitoring. It explores existing literature, emphasizing the role of organizational management, worker involvement, safety systems, and cultural factors in fostering a safety-oriented environment. Additionally, it reviews studies from various countries, shedding light on diverse factors affecting construction site safety. Beyond human factors, the paper highlights risk inherent in construction projects, emphasizing the need for proactive risk management. The paper concludes by acknowledging the gravity of construction site accidents and their far-reaching consequences, underscoring the importance of holistic risk management strategies.

A Scientometric Analysis of Wellbeing Research in the Construction Industry

The significance of wellbeing in the construction industry has increased due to the high frequency of accidents. However, the existing research fails to comprehensively address the various aspects of wellbeing. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review on wellbeing in the construction industry and carried out a trend analysis of its multiple dimensions. A systematic review of 162 peer-reviewed journal articles was performed using scientometric analysis and qualitative trend analysis techniques. The results indicated that the discussion on wellbeing in the construction industry tends to overlook its multifaceted nature. Prominent publication outlets were identified, with a focus on environmental and physical wellbeing, while recognising notable contributions in the field of mental wellbeing and the limited contributions to other dimensions of wellbeing. This study offers valuable insights for both researchers and industry practitioners. Researchers can identify priority areas for future research based on the identified gaps, while construction companies can gain awareness of the potential relevance of wellbeing in the industry. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on wellbeing in the construction industry by analysing its various dimensions and providing research directions. It serves as a reference point for interpreting findings and offers guidance for future research endeavours.

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Evolution Characteristics of Water Traffic Accidents in Asia since the 21st Century

As an important mode of transportation for the global trade, waterborne transportation has become a priority option for import and export trade due to its large load capacity and relatively low cost. Meanwhile, shipping safety has been highly valued. By collecting technological water traffic accident data from the EM-DAT database, the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics were investigated in Asia since 2000. The methods of gravity center and standard deviation ellipse analysis were utilized to determine the spatial and data-related characteristics of water traffic accidents. Temporally, the results indicated that accidents occurred most frequently during the seasons of autumn and winter, leading to a significant number of casualties. Spatially, both South-eastern Asia and Southern Asia emerged as regions with a high frequency of water traffic accidents, particularly along the borders of Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Bay of Bengal region. In addition, the Daniel trend test and R/S analysis were conducted to demonstrate the evolution trend of accidents across various regions and seasons. The present study provides guidance for improving marine shipping safety, emergency resource management, and relevant policy formulation.

Is the analysis of territorial compatibility in the vicinity of road hazmat transport routes a necessity for developing countries? A case study of Romania

The way dangerous goods are transported on roads within the European Union is regulated by international agreements that have been transposed into national legislation. Unlike European policies that focus on preventing major accidents involving dangerous substances in the industry, the component of territorial planning in areas exposed to technological hazards is not given similar attention when it comes to transport routes of dangerous goods. Since both the transport of hazardous materials and the activities of large industrial operators involve the handling of the same types of dangerous substances, they share similar associated hazards. Within this framework, a question arises as to whether decision-makers should accord greater consideration to the land use policies in the areas adjacent to transportation routes. In this study, the case of Romania was analyzed in detail, with the objective to firstly identify some particularities in how the primary road infrastructure is developed in relation to other European countries. Since the territorial compatibility near large industrial operators is established based on specific regulations at the national level, but there is no similar regulation for the transport of dangerous substances, another objective was to adapt and implement a methodology for the analysis of the territorial compatibility in the proximity of the national roads network. The proposed methodology utilizes open-source data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis. It also involves the extensive application of existing rules on territorial compatibility for technological risks, specifically in the context of hazmat transport. The results of this study indicate that the primary road transport network in Romania has different characteristics compared to that of other countries, which determines a higher level of exposure to the hazards specific to the road transport of hazardous materials. Additionally, from an analysis of gasoline and diesel transport on national roads and the implementation of a territorial compatibility matrix, we observed instances of territorial incompatibility in the current state, particularly in areas close to the road, especially for scenarios with a relatively high accident frequency. Thus, the way future large road infrastructure development projects address risks related to dangerous goods transportation and the implementation of environmentally conscious land management strategies can contribute to society's sustainable development.

Analysis of Building Construction Jobsite Accident Scenarios Based on Big Data Association Analysis

Analysis of Building Construction Jobsite Accident Scenarios Based on Big Data Association Analysis

Carbon dioxide pipelines: A statistical analysis of historical accidents

Carbon dioxide pipeline is an essential carrier in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Statistically revealing the accident rate and risk of carbon dioxide pipelines is conducive to integrity management. Based on 112 accident records collected from Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, this work analyzes the frequency, rate, and risk of accidents. In addition, the impact of relevant factors on risk is further discussed. Some primary conclusions are as follows: (1) For carbon dioxide pipelines, the leak is the leading form of accident. Most carbon emissions are generated in the form of leakage, but economic losses are mainly generated in other forms. (2) The pipelines that have been in service for 0–10 years have the highest frequency of accidents and the highest proportion of carbon emissions, but the pipelines that have been in service for 11–20 years have caused the most economic losses. (3) Among the accident causes, the number of accidents caused by equipment failure is the highest, while the economic loss caused by natural force damage is the highest, and the carbon emission caused by material failure is the highest.

Evaluating the Influence of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Aircraft Accident Rates and Fatalities: A Seven-Decade Historical Data Analysis

The advent of air travel, originally proposed by the Wright brothers, has led to a significant surge in aircraft usage for human transportation. In its nascent stages, this mode of transport was linked with a high frequency of accidents and consequent fatalities, placing it in the high-risk category. To counter these risks, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established in 1947 as a collaborative effort among numerous countries with the primary goal of enhancing aviation safety regulations. This study analyzed archival data from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A), covering a span of 72 years from 1918, the year of the first commercial airplane crash, until 2020. The objective was to understand the ICAO's impact on altering accident rates, fatalities, and underlying causes. Analytical methodologies encompassed both descriptive statistics—examining data distribution, central tendencies, and category frequencies—and exploratory data analysis (EDA) to identify variable relationships and outlier identification. The results indicated that ICAO's interventions have led to a notable decline in accident rates, with an annual average reduction of 70.9%, and a corresponding decrease in incidents attributed to technical factors. However, an unexpected trend was the increase in fatalities despite the drop in accident numbers, attributable to the introduction of larger aircraft designs carrying more passengers per flight. The findings underscore the ICAO's successful efforts in reducing aircraft accidents, but also suggest a need for further exploration into factors contributing to the rise in fatalities.

Development of a Construction Site Hazard Warning Model Based on Deep Learning

近期因營建現場工安意外頻傳，2023年2月高雄市一處建築工地，施工人員在進行吊掛作業時，因吊車傾斜翻覆，吊臂壓到一名李姓勞工，造成職業災害；同年4月高雄市發生李姓工人正在焊接鋼筋時，遭吊車不慎碰撞，而發生工安意外；5月新北市吳姓磁磚公司老闆疑似誤觸操作堆高機，導致整個人懸空卡在機器上方，而發生憾事；因此施工人員與機具於現場作業時的安全距離與位置，常因為營建職場環境之複雜，而存有許多潛在風險，造成長期面臨職業災害的問題，包含重大公安事等發生。<br>在整個施工階段中，大多營造廠皆採用相機或攝影機等影像裝置來記錄現場的施工進度狀況，因影像資料較大、處理時間長，所以多數處於被動使用的狀態，最後僅於存查而未臻理想，所以本研究提出透過深度學習之影像辨識技術，利用卷積神經網路(CNN)具有強力的特徵提取功能，藉由濾波器(Filters)從輪廓、邊緣線條到局部特徵自動進行提取，再以全連接(Fully Connected)方式，將特徵資料輸入至整個神經網路進行訓練的一套工程現場施工危害警示系統，其對於施工影像辨識處理效果佳，達到即時監測施工現場的影像數據，並運用安全評估區塊模組快速識別潛在的危害情況，並發出警示信號，提醒工地管理人員立即採取適當的措施，確保職業安全。本研究將與營建公司合作，蒐集正在施工的建案影像和場地分析，驗證危害警示模型的可行性，並評估其對職業安全管理的實際效果，協助工地管理人員結合科技進步，運用更為有效的管理工具保障施工人員安全，減少工安意外發生，同時提高營建業的生產效率和競爭力。Recently, there has been a high frequency of construction site occupational accidents. In February 2023, at a construction site in Kaohsiung City, a crane tilted and overturned during lifting operations, causing the crane arm to press against nearby construction workers, resulting in occupational injuries. In April, a worker was welding steel bars and was accidentally struck by a crane, leading to a work safety accident. In May, the owner of a tile company in New Taipei City was suspected of mistakenly operating a forklift, causing the person to be suspended above the machine and resulting in a tragic incident. Therefore, the safety distance and positioning between construction workers and machinery during on-site operations are often compromised due to the complexity of the construction workplace environment, posing numerous latent risks and leading to long-term occupational hazard issues, including severe public safety incidents. <br>In the construction industry, cameras or video devices are commonly used to record the progress of construction activities throughout the entire construction phase. However, due to the large size of image data and time-consuming processing, these devices are often passively utilized, resulting in suboptimal outcomes where the data is merely stored for reference purposes. To address this issue, this study proposes a construction hazard warning system that leverages deep learning techniques, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), known for their powerful feature extraction capabilities. By automatically extracting features from contours, edges, and local characteristics through filters and subsequently inputting the extracted features into a fully connected neural network, a practical framework for on-site construction hazard recognition is established. The system enables real-time monitoring of construction sites by processing and analyzing image data. It utilizes a safety assessment module to identify potential hazards and issue warning signals quickly, alerting site managers to take immediate actions to ensure occupational safety. In collaboration with construction companies, this research collects construction project images. It conducts site analysis to validate the feasibility of the hazard warning model and evaluate its practical effectiveness in occupational safety management. By integrating technological advancements, this research aims to assist site managers in adopting more efficient management tools, safeguarding the safety of construction personnel, reducing work-related accidents, and enhancing productivity and competitiveness in the construction industry.

Road safety in public education - how to teach children to travel safely?

The high frequency of road accidents justifies the importance of education for safe road safety, which can play an extremely important role in childhood. The aim of our research was to examine textbooks of public education in Hungary through in-depth and qualitative content analysis of these documents, based on the requirements of the Hungarian National Core Curriculum. The analysis shows that the textbooks cover only a few areas of knowledge related to passenger transport. Causes of child accidents and environmental aspects of transport are barely mentioned. Parents’ role in road safety education has been found to be too strong, making it less clear to what extent skills are being acquired. The textbooks do not present the specificities of urban and rural transport and their differences, and language use is too complex in some publications, which may be less suitable for children.

Animais peçonhentos em Pernambuco: crianças em risco

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of accidents caused by venomous animals in children under 15 years old. Methods: a cross-sectional study with an analytical component using secondary data from Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (CIATox-PE), (Poison Center in Pernambuco)), in 2017 to 2019. Notifications of accidents caused were included in the studied age group and evaluated the characteristics of poisoning (animal classification, exposure zone, place and time of the occurrence and specific use of serum therapy), and of the patient (sociodemographic variables, clinical condition and evolution). The analysis performed in STATA® 13.1 presents frequency distribution tables and Pearson’s chi-square for comparison. Results: of the 2678 notifications, 82,8% were scorpionism and 10, 8% snakebite. The age group of1 to 9 years old (70.5%) and being male (54.1%) were predominant. Most of the cases occurred in urban area (80.9%), in Recife (67.3%), inside the victim’s residence (83.9%) and at night (47.3%). The majority (87.1%) were classified as ‘mild severity’, 10% received antivenom therapy and one died (by scorpionism). Two cases of snakebite in the workplace were registered. Conclusion: there was a high frequency of accidents caused in the urban area, which may be related to the lack of urban planning and sanitary education. The accidents caused among children in the household environment and the suspicion of child labor in the age group of 10 to 14 years old were also highlighted which favors the development and habits of the venomous animal.

A Reprodução Social como perspectiva metodológica para análise contextualizada das condições de vida e de saúde

This article aims to discuss the use of Social Reproduction, proposed by Juan Samaja, in the analysis of living and health conditions in a context of an sustanaible development reserve in the Brazilian Amazon. This study uses a comprehensive approach to Social Reproduction processes that comprise the network of hierarchically organized structures using the analysis of social interactions of narrated and observable events, applied to the data matrix. The Ecological Reproduction of life in the riverside forest is negatively expressed in bio-communal life, as the strategic actions provided by the Political, Economic and Cultural Reproductions, that is, the environmental policy actions, do not value the local way of life. The deficient access to social goods and services, including health care, from the Political and Techno-Economic Reproductions, has an impact on the material basis of the Bio-Communal Reproduction, whose outcome is high frequency of disease complaints and workplace accidents, such as infectious gastroenteritis, malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, and poisoning by venomous animals. Ensuring access to social goods and services, in particular health care, is essential for improving resilience to the forest adversities. In conclusion, the social reproduction data matrix helped understand the processes of Social Reproduction that are part of the hierarchically organized structures, whose interactions shaped the living and health conditions of the riverside population analyzed in this study.

Social Reproduction as a methodological perspective for contextualized analysis of living and health conditions.

This article aims to discuss the use of Social Reproduction, proposed by Juan Samaja, in the analysis of living and health conditions in a context of an sustanaible development reserve in the Brazilian Amazon. This study uses a comprehensive approach to Social Reproduction processes that comprise the network of hierarchically organized structures using the analysis of social interactions of narrated and observable events, applied to the data matrix. The Ecological Reproduction of life in the riverside forest is negatively expressed in bio-communal life, as the strategic actions provided by the Political, Economic and Cultural Reproductions, that is, the environmental policy actions, do not value the local way of life. The deficient access to social goods and services, including health care, from the Political and Techno-Economic Reproductions, has an impact on the material basis of the Bio-Communal Reproduction, whose outcome is high frequency of disease complaints and workplace accidents, such as infectious gastroenteritis, malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, and poisoning by venomous animals. Ensuring access to social goods and services, in particular health care, is essential for improving resilience to the forest adversities. In conclusion, the social reproduction data matrix helped understand the processes of Social Reproduction that are part of the hierarchically organized structures, whose interactions shaped the living and health conditions of the riverside population analyzed in this study.

Mobilya Üretim Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Başlıca Mesleki Tehlikelerin Çalışan Sağlığı Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in Turkey focus on sectors with high accident frequency and certain occupational diseases. According to the 2012 year data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, which divides the workplaces into 88 activity groups, it has determined the furniture sector as 18th in terms of the number of workplaces, 26th in terms of the number of employees, 19th in terms of occupational accidents and 25th in terms of occupational diseases, shows the necessity of investigating the working conditions of the furniture industry in Turkey in detail. In this study; in order to define the occupational hazards on employee health arising from the furniture production processes, of a chosen facility producing wooden furniture in Tekirdag were examined for 4 months. The data obtained as a result of defining and measuring the main workplace hazards and periodic health surveillance data, including the health reports of the employees, were evaluated together with the help of the Occupational Physician of the facility and the impact of the main workplace impacts of the investigated production process on employee health was defined. As a result of the study; it has been understood that the change in workplace air quality may have significant effects on employee health. It has been clearly seen that among these effects, especially the noise factor, is a main factor that occurs frequently on the furniture industry workers and causes different levels of influence. In addition, although workplace dust factor, which can occur at different intensities in different steps of the production processes due to the raw material, remains at a low level with preventive measures such as the use of dust collection systems in the facility, the dermatitis-type effects caused by these dusts on the skin can be visibly noticed, however, it was understood that adequate controls and necessary health screenings for diagnosis could not be made within the facility. On the other hand, no serious health problems have been identified due to exposure to chemicals used in the facility. In the future, detailed scientific studies on the reduction and elimination of noise and dust factors , which are determined to be the most important workplace environment effects in this enterprise , and the definition of good practices will also guide the facilities that produce similar products.

Emergence of Informal Safety Leadership: A Social–Cognitive Process for Accident Prevention

As an important domain of disaster management, accident prevention is an urgent and crucial subject because of the high frequency and severe consequences of industrial accidents in recent times. Current researchers focus on organization‐level safety antecedents, among which leadership receives the highest attention. However, formal leadership of senior managers is limited by the level‐by‐level effect attenuation, such that frontline accidents cannot be controlled substantially. Thus, this study proposes the construct of informal safety leadership (ISL), which emerges among frontline workers through socially cognitive interactions. We develop a moderated mediating conceptual model to explore the ISL emergence mechanism from the social‐cognitive perspective. Across two studies, that is, a three‐wave field study and an agent‐based modeling simulation experiment, we find that three social‐cognitive elements are positively associated with ISL emergence, which in turn predicts safety organizational citizenship behavior and perceived followership. Moreover, this relationship is conditional on formal leadership support. We contribute to disaster management literature by articulating how informal leaders emerge from the operational frontline to possess safety leadership traits. We also give insight into leadership emergence by clearly indicating that who becomes a leader is an inherently social process, dependent on peers who bestow influence to a person engaging in leader‐like behaviors. We thus provide a unique perspective on practical efforts to leverage benefits of the closest and most immediate leadership in frontline accident prevention.

The acceptance of personal protective equipment among Hong Kong construction workers: An integration of technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior with risk perception and safety climate

Introduction: The phenomenon that construction workers do not use personal protective equipment (PPE) is a major reason for the high occurrence frequency of accidents in the construction industry. However, little efforts have been made to quantitatively examine the factors influencing construction workers’ acceptance of PPE. Method: In the current study, a PPE acceptance model for construction workers (PAMCW) was proposed to address the noted need. The PAMCW incorporates the technology acceptance model, theory of planned behavior, risk perception, and safety climate for explaining construction worker acceptance of PPE. 413 construction workers participated in this study to fill out a structured questionnaire. The PAMCW was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Results provide evidence of the applicability of the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior to the PPE acceptance among construction workers. The positive influence of safety climate and risk perception-severity on attitude toward using PPE was significant. Safety climate positively influences perceived usefulness. Risk perception-worry and unsafe was found to positively affect intention to use PPE. Practical Applications: Practical suggestions for increasing construction workers’ use of PPE are also discussed.

An Impact study of highway design on casualty and non-casualty traffic accidents

Background Road Safety has become a worldwide concern due to the alarming repercussions road accidents may bear. This study examined the relationship between different geometric design elements and the accident rates on Rashid Bin Saeed Street, Arabian Gulf Street, and Sultan Bin Zayed Street in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.Methods The geometric design was collected from the satellite images of google earth in compliance with the standard geometric design manual of Abu Dhabi roads. The recorded geometric data consisted of the number of lanes, lane widths, median length, and width. The traffic volume data was provided by the Integrated Transport Center of Abu Dhabi, which was then converted into Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) for analytical purposes. For the studied roads, AADT ranges ranged between 26,509 and 121,890 vehicles per day. The crash data related to the period of 2012–2019 was collected from the online open-access data provided by the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Interior. The data provided had considered variables related to driver gender, age and speed, travel direction, and time of the day amongst other factors. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted to study the impact of geometric design elements on road safety through a stable distribution. Stable distributions are generally characterized by four parameters and expressed as X∼S(α,β,σ,μ). The statistical model included several graphical representations such as accident frequency at two levels of severity, casualty and non-casualty accidents for different road segments, traffic volumes, day of the week, age of the injured person, and the geometric design parameters on the three roads. Variance-based methods of sensitivity analysis are also used that are a class of probabilistic approaches that quantify the input and output uncertainties as probability distributions and decompose the output variance into parts attributable to input variables and combinations of variables. The sensitivity of the output to an input variable is therefore measured by the amount of variance in the output caused by that input.Findings The results showed that the accident profiles differ with varying segments on each road, revealing some segments to be of higher accident rates than others. Also, a higher accident frequency was shown with young adult drivers, and a high majority of accidents had occurred on weekends. Regarding the road's geometric design, which is the focus of this study, a sensitivity analysis was made to determine the most influential geometric design element on accident frequency.Interpretation The number of lanes had the highest sensitivity index followed by the median width, and then came the lane width. Thus, modifying the number of lanes on a highway is anticipated to have the highest impact on accident frequency and road safety than any other geometric parameter.

Human stampede causative factors and cluster risk: A multi-dimensional analysis based on ISODATA and Fuzzy Theory

Although the interest in statistical analysis of human stampedes has increased to explore the characteristics of accidents, more effort is needed to address the complexity of causative factors and their relations to risk, due to their variability and uncertainty in each case. This study aims to examine the causative factors of human stampedes for different groups of cluster risk by introducing a combined method, the Iterative Self-organizing Clustering Algorithm (ISODATA) and Fuzzy Theory. Totally about 215 cases were collected to construct a structured dataset, and characteristics of human stampedes including accident site, accident consequence, accident type, manmade factors, hardware factors, environment factors and management factors were considered for this analysis. Results show that factors such as accident type has similarity with single-dimensional analysis, while accident site in the highest risk cluster has a different distribution with the proportion of temples 39% and schools 28% which is contrary to the highest 23% of stadiums in single-dimensional analysis. It was concluded that the site with high incidence of stampede accidents did not necessarily have a high degree of risk, due to it had a high frequency of accidents but causes little casualties. Based on model results, control points for different sites are recommended according to the characteristics of different cluster risk. This paper provides a quantitative method to compare and analyze the causative factors of different risk clusters, which has relative comparative significance and improves the accuracy of judging the risk degree that can provide basis for human stampede prevention and management.

Comparative Analysis of Coal Mining Disasters in Turkey

Use of coal mine is based on centuries, but the expansion of its usage area has been after the Industrial Revolution in parallel with other mines. With the effect of this revolution; The use of minerals such as coal, iron, copper and tin has increased. Among these mines, coal mine; It has a very important place because it can be used for industrialization, powering machines, generating electricity and heating. In order to provide the increasing need in these areas every year, coal enterprises were established in countries with rich coal deposits and served the energy sector. The share of coal in the energy resources consumed in the world has increased in a short time and has become a determining factor on the world economy. This situation has led to an increase in the number of coal mine enterprises, with developed countries turning to the mining sector for industrialization and economic progress. Accidents in coal mines have increased as the number of mines has grown. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been conducted to prevent these accidents, accidents still occur. Coal mining is regarded as a hazardous work environment due to the high frequency of accidents and their consequences. To minimize these risks and ensure a healthy working environment, the required infrastructure should be established, audit-oriented studies should be conducted, and flaws should be remedied based on the findings. Within the scope of the study, the way and types of coal mine accidents, which are common in Turkey, were investigated, as well as a literature analysis of the reasons of these accidents. The number of accidents and casualties between 2015-2020 were examined and a future situation analysis was made. Regression Analysis Method, one of the statistical analysis methods, was used in the situation analysis phase. The number of coal mine accidents and fatalities in countries around the world since 1902, has been studied. By using the same Analysis Method, the future situation analysis for the next 10 years was made in the light of the data between 1902-2020, and data on the number of accidents and casualties that may occur in the coal mining area were obtained.