High Compressive Strength Research Articles

Preparation and properties of carbon dioxide foamed concrete using nanoparticles as foam stabilizer and pre–carbonated cement slurry

The stability of carbon dioxide (CO2) foam is critical for preparation and performance of CO2 foamed concrete (CFC). This study evaluated the effectiveness of nanoparticles for stabilizing CO2 foam and pre–carbonation of cement slurry for mitigating CO2 foam loss during CFC preparation, and conducted a comparative study of CO2 foam, pre-carbonized slurry and CFC, aiming at preparing CFC with excellent performance. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of nano–silica can significantly enhance the stability of CO2 foam, with an improved half–life and diameter distribution. The pre–carbonation process optimized consistency and alkalinity of cement slurry and increased the retention rate of CO2 foam after its introduction into cement slurry, thereby facilitating the production of low–density CFC. CFC exhibits high compressive strength and early internal temperature, and has a low water absorption. The presence of CO2 within pores and their subsequent formation of potential negative pressure via carbonation reaction contributed to a much lower thermal conductivity of CFC compared to air foamed concrete. Moreover, a thin layer of calcium carbonate was formed on the inner wall, which can densify the microstructure and modify the pores. Although the carbonation degree of CFC may be lower compared to that of conventional carbonation–cured foamed concrete, the internal and uniform carbonation within CFC greatly enhanced material strength. The non–destructive nuclear magnetic resonance results show that CFC has a more concentrated pore size distribution with fewer fine pores and a smaller pore throat radius.

High Compression Strength and Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Monolith with Scaffold of a Cyclic Olefin Siloxane Co-Oligomer via Ambient Pressure Drying

High Compression Strength and Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Monolith with Scaffold of a Cyclic Olefin Siloxane Co-Oligomer via Ambient Pressure Drying

Cartilage-Inspired, High-Strength, and Heat-Tolerant Lubricating Hydrogels by Macrophase Separation.

Hydrogels are considered as a potential cartilage replacement material based on their structure being similar to natural cartilage, which are of great significance in repairing cartilage defects. However, it is difficult for the existing hydrogels to combine the high load bearing and low friction properties (37 °C) of cartilage through sample methods. Herein, we report a facile and new fabrication strategy to construct the PNIPAm/EYL hydrogel by using the macrophase separation of supersaturated N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) monomer solution to promote the formation of liposomes from egg yolk lecithin (EYL) and asymmetric template method. The PNIPAm/EYL hydrogels possess a relatively high compressive strength (more than 12 MPa), fracture energy (9820 J/m2), good fatigue resistance, lubricating properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Compared with the PNIPAm hydrogel, the friction coefficient (COF 0.046) of PNIPAm/EYL hydrogel is reduced by 50%. More importantly, the COF (0.056) of PNIPAm/EYL hydrogel above lower critical solution temperature (LCST) does not increase significantly, exhibiting heat-tolerant lubricity. The finite element analysis further proves that PNIPAm/EYL hydrogel can effectively disperse the applied stress and dissipate energy under load conditions. This work not only provides new insights for the design of high-strength lubricating hydrogels but also lays a foundation for the treatment of cartilage injury as a substitute material.

Review and Assessment of Material, Method, and Predictive Modeling for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Partially Confined Concrete Columns.

The repairing and strengthening of concrete structures using external and internal partial confinements are inevitable in the construction industry due to the new standards and rapid developments. The conventional materials and methods of confinement are unable to meet modern safety and functional standards. The fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) enhances the strength and ductility of deteriorating and new concrete columns by reducing lateral confinement pressure and resistance against seismic shocks. The precise methods of partial confinement are inevitable for effective FRP-concrete bonding, durability, and cost-effectiveness under different loading conditions and to cope with external environmental factors. Predictive modeling and simulation techniques are pivotal for the optimization of confinement materials and methods by investigating the FRP-concrete novel confinement configurations, stress-strain responses, and failure modes. The novel materials and methods for concrete columns' partial confinement lack high compressive strength, ductility, chemical attack resistivity, and different fiber orientation impacts. This review provides an overview of recent confinement materials, novel methods, and advanced modeling and simulation techniques with a critical analysis of the research gaps for partial FRP confinement of concrete columns. The current challenges and future prospects are also presented.

3D-Printed Mullite-Reinforced SiC-Based Aerogel Composites.

There is a growing demand for thermal management materials in electronic fields. Aerogels have attracted interest due to their extremely low density and extraordinary thermal insulation properties. However, the application of aerogels is limited by high production costs and the requirement that aerogel structures not be load-bearing. In this study, mullite-reinforced SiC-based aerogel composite (MR-SiC AC) is prepared through 3D printing combined with in situ growth of SiC nanowires in post processing. The fabricated MR-SiC AC not only has ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.021WKm-1) and high porosity (90.0%), but also a high Young's modulus (24.4MPa) and high compressive strength (1.65MPa), both exceeding the measurements of existing resilient aerogels by an order of magnitude. These properties make MR-SiC AC an ideal solution for the precision thermal management of lightweight structures having complex geometry for functional devices.

Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Damage Assessment of a Magnetite Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (MUHPC) Block in a Bending Test

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is widely used because of its exceptional properties, such as high compressive and flexural strength, low permeability, and resistance to abrasion and chemical attack. It is commonly employed for intricate constructions like skyscrapers, precast concrete components, and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the incorporation of appropriate fibers into UHPC is carried out in order to accomplish objectives such as augmenting strength, enhancing toughness, and regulating cracking. This study employed magnetite as an additive to a UHPC block in order to examine the mechanical characteristics of a newly cast UHPC block. Acoustic emission was employed to evaluate the damage to the UHPC block for tracking purposes. Acoustic emission is a non-invasive testing technique that does not cause harm to the specimen when it is exposed to a load. On the basis of this, many critical locations that indicated the propagation of cracks were analyzed, as well as various loading stages across the specimen. The b-value is a method that can evaluate the extent of damage by analyzing the amplitude distribution. Distinct paths of b-values were noted for each loading stage, indicating major damage scenarios based on their slopes.

From marble waste to monocarboaluminate binder: role of sodium aluminate composition, calcined clay type, and curing temperature

This study focuses on the synthesis of a monocarboaluminate (MCA)-based binder by treating marble waste (MW) powder with sodium aluminate (SA). The aim is to investigate the influence of various parameters, including the alumina modulus (M A) of SA, different contents of calcined clays with varying alumina levels, and curing temperatures, on the performance and phase composition of the resulting binder. The results demonstrate that the combination of SA and MW leads to the formation of an MCA-based binder, which exhibits a high compressive strength of up to 28 MPa after seven days of curing. Additional phases such as gibbsite, pirssonite, and gaylussite are observed, indicating the occurrence of a cationic exchange reaction between MW and SA, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The stability of the resulting binder is primarily influenced by the M A value, with higher values associated with greater stability. Regardless of the type of calcined clay used, incorporating calcined clay results in the formation of a calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (CSAH) phase alongside MCA, contributing to the improved stability of the hardened binder over time. Notably, calcined clay with a higher alumina content exhibits the highest strength at all curing ages. Furthermore, increasing the curing temperature up to 100 °C significantly enhances the early strength, which correlates with the formation of the kotoite phase at the expense of the MCA phase.

Low tortuous permeable concrete pavement material: A new approach to improve physical properties

Permeable pavement is an environmentally beneficial material that can ease urban problems and mitigate the effects of climate change, such as flooding, urban heat islands, and groundwater decrease. However, it is susceptible to clogging, has limited strength, and demands frequent maintenance. To overcome these problems, an untraditional fiber-reinforced permeable pavement with a low tortuosity pore structure that has an excellent infiltration rate and strength while being resistant to clogging has been studied in this research. Straight pore channels of various sizes and quantities were introduced into self-compacting concrete to create this permeable pavement. High-strength pervious pavement (HSP) samples with porosity ranging from 3.60 to 8.30% and 0–0.2% fiber content were tested. In all cases, HSP showed high infiltration rate (>1 cm/s), high compressive strength (>27 MPa) and tensile strength (1.5 MPa), low mass loss in potential resistance to degradation by impact and abrasion (>25%). However, it did not clog despite extensive cyclic exposure to flow containing sand, clay, and combined ‘sand & clay’. PP fiber content of 0.1%. The 3.60% porosity was found to be optimum considering all properties, whereas 8.30% porosity gave a higher infiltration rate with compromised properties. This permeable pavement can maintain sufficient porosity and permeability for stormwater infiltration without frequent maintenance. Adding polypropylene fiber reduces compressive strength marginally but increases split tensile strength, degradation and potential resistance. This novel fiber-reinforced HSP has the potential to expand the material's applicability. The results obtained from this research are expected to lead the way for a broader application of HSP in various contexts and initiatives that were not previously considered appropriate. This will eventually enhance the design and implementation of a new generation of flood-resistant infrastructure and significantly improve the ability to mitigate urban floods.

EXAMINING THE APPLICABILITY OF ALKALI ACTIVATED BINDERS (AABS) AS A LANDFILL LINER AND COVER

Landfill liner is a containment system used between landfill waste and the ground soil to prevent the migration of leachate into the soil and groundwater. Clay is typically used as a liner in the landfill barrier system due to efficiency and low permeability. Over the last decade, different types of binders such as cement, fly ash, and slag have been used with clay to improve the mechanical characteristics and reduce hydraulic conductivity of natural clay liners. This study introduced a new sustainable technique where treated dune sand mixed with alkali activated binder (AAB) made with fly ash (FA), ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and alkali activated solutions are used as a landfill liner system, due to the unavailability of natural clay in most countries. Therefore, lab-scale compacted specimens with different mixing ratios of AABs treated desert sand were prepared and cured for 7 days to conduct a series of compressive strength. The results showed that the 20% binder mixed with 30% FA, 70% slag, and alkali solution of 0.5 have a high compressive strength with 12 MPa compared with other mixing ratios. However, a 10% binder with same precursors ratio of FA and slag has shown a less strength regardless of alkali solution with around 3 MPa. Finally, all mixing ratios have shown that the strength met the requirements of landfill liner system which were greater than 200 kPa.

EXAMINING THE APPLICABILITY OF ALKALI ACTIVATED BINDERS (AABS) AS A LANDFILL LINER AND COVER

Landfill liner is a containment system used between landfill waste and the ground soil to prevent the migration of leachate into the soil and groundwater. Clay is typically used as a liner in the landfill barrier system due to efficiency and low permeability. Over the last decade, different types of binders such as cement, fly ash, and slag have been used with clay to improve the mechanical characteristics and reduce hydraulic conductivity of natural clay liners. This study introduced a new sustainable technique where treated dune sand mixed with alkali activated binder (AAB) made with fly ash (FA), ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and alkali activated solutions are used as a landfill liner system, due to the unavailability of natural clay in most countries. Therefore, lab-scale compacted specimens with different mixing ratios of AABs treated desert sand were prepared and cured for 7 days to conduct a series of compressive strength. The results showed that the 20% binder mixed with 30% FA, 70% slag, and alkali solution of 0.5 have a high compressive strength with 12 MPa compared with other mixing ratios. However, a 10% binder with same precursors ratio of FA and slag has shown a less strength regardless of alkali solution with around 3 MPa. Finally, all mixing ratios have shown that the strength met the requirements of landfill liner system which were greater than 200 kPa.

MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERVIOUS RECYCLED AGGREGATE GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

The widespread expansion of the global economy and the increase in human population have been major contributors to pollution and environmental complications. Construction and demolition wastes (CDW), impervious pavement surfaces, and industrial waste disposal sites have emerged as serious environmental challenges over the past decade. These challenges must be addressed through the synergic use of different sustainable practices, including pervious surfaces, CDW, and industrial wastes. Their combined utilization produces a pervious geopolymer concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). This research aims to develop and assess the mechanical and hydraulic properties of pervious geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (PGRAC) with a design porosity of 15%. The mixes were made with two binder blends of ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash (1:0 and 1:1) and RCA replacement of 0 and 100%. The mechanical and hydraulic performance were characterized by compressive strength and permeability, respectively. Results showed that pervious concrete made with natural aggregates and comprising a binder blend of slag:fly ash of 1:0 demonstrated 36% higher compressive strength than counterparts having a binder blend of 1:1. Meanwhile, the permeability was unaffected by the variation in the binder. At 100% RCA, the compressive strength of mixes having a binder blend of 1:0 was 192% higher than that of the equivalent mix having a binder blend of 1:1. Yet, the latter had 12% higher permeability than the former. These research findings demonstrate the ability to produce sustainable PGRAC for use in pavement applications.

Evaluating the influence of functional unit on life cycle assessment (LCA) reliability of concrete

The linear lifecycle of concrete, from production through usage to disposal, highlights its status as one of the most carbon-, energy-, and resource-intensive processes in the industry. The development of life cycle assessment (LCA) models to quantify concrete’s embodied and buildings’ operational emissions is strongly influenced by the selection of the functional unit (FU) since it dictates the magnitude and significance of the environmental burdens from concrete and buildings' life span. The chosen FU should comprehensively capture the concrete's functionalities and construction parameters. Nonetheless, establishing a FU that encompasses spatial, temporal, and intensity aspects of cement/concrete and its applications remains a significant limitation in the practice of current LCA models. This study analyzed the FU influence on the environmental footprint of concrete samples with specific compressive strengths (material level) via LCA. The LCA was conducted in OneClick LCA using the environmental product declaration (EPD) provided by the software for each ready-mix concrete sample. From the LCA results, the C 30/37 concrete mix (lowest compressive strength) exhibited the lowest carbon footprint for all the environmental indicators when a volume-based FU was considered. In contrast, the results were more favorable for the C 65/70 concrete specimen when the compressive strength (28 curing days) was chosen because less cement is needed to achieve one MPa of strength. This behavior was also observed in the modeling of a column in a building, where the mixture with the highest compressive strength (C 65/70) showed the lowest environmental impact for all the indicators. However, this assessment does not represent the actual building system's footprint. Thus, regionally specific functional units need to be established, considering not just concrete functionalities but also national regulations, stakeholder needs, and local resource availability.

Evaluating the fresh and mechanical properties of steel slag aggregate concrete reinforced with steel fiber

In this study, steel slag (SS) and steel fiber (SF) were used to make environment-friendly high-strength concrete. Natural coarse aggregate (NCA) was initially substituted partially with SS at various substitution levels, i.e., 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %, respectively, for getting the optimum substitution levels of SS in concrete. Afterward, SF, having an aspect ratio of 60, was considered with volume fractions of 0.15 %, 0.3 %,0.45 %, 0.6 %, 0.75 %, 0.90 %, 1.05 %, and 1.2 % in concrete. The water-to-binder ratio was taken as 0.35 for all the concrete mixes. For the fresh property, slump and compaction factor of concrete were determined. Similarly, for the mechanical property compressive strength (CS), split-tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) have been tested after the curing age of 28 and 56 days. Additionally ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test was conducted to measure the quality of concrete. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also performed to analyze crystalline phases and identify mineralogical composition within the concrete matrix. All the tests were compared with the standard concrete made with NCA. It has been found that the addition of steel slag aggregate (SSA) and SF enhances the mechanical properties of concrete, whereas it reduces workability. Substituting 50 % of SSA for NCA alongside 1.05 % of SF results in the highest CS, while employing 1.2 % SF achieves maximum STS, FS, and UPV.

Microstructure and properties of high-strength lightweight ceramsites customised with ultra-fine copper tailings

The accumulation of copper tailings not only consumes a significant amount of land resources but also incurs substantial treatment expenses and causes environmental pollution. This article presents an investigation on the feasibility of utilizing ultra-fine copper tailings (CTs), polishing slag (PS), and fly ash (FA) to produce customised high-strength ceramsites for treating and reusing copper tailings.Additionally, the effects of raw material mass ratio and sintering temperature on the physical properties, thermal properties, chemical structure, and expansion mechanism of the high-strength ceramsites were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the well-formed ceramsites exhibited an apparent density of 486–2304 kg/m3, a bulk density of 288–1659 kg/m3, a 1-h water absorption rate of 0.13–3.9 %, and a particle compressive strength of 0.87–22.4 MPa with copper tailings content of 50∼100 % under preheating temperature 950 ℃ for 40 min and sintering temperature 1195–1225 ℃ for 40 min. The XRD analysis of crystal phases indicated that the mineral compositions of ceramsites contained quartz, anorthite, albite, and mullite. Moreover, the FTIR spectra displayed that [AlO4] and [SiO4] were interconnected into a complementary network which enhanced the strength of ceramsites. Additionally, the microstructure analysis revealed that more evenly distributed and smaller pore structures and rougher matrix were associated with higher compressive strength. The temperature difference between the interior and exterior led to the preferential formation of a slag phase which exerted a bonding effect on the composite feldspar phase. These findings suggest that ultra-finecopper tailings could be recycled in artificial aggregate technology in concrete engineering, and provide theoretical support for the large-scale utilization of tailings.

MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERVIOUS RECYCLED AGGREGATE GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

The widespread expansion of the global economy and the increase in human population have been major contributors to pollution and environmental complications. Construction and demolition wastes (CDW), impervious pavement surfaces, and industrial waste disposal sites have emerged as serious environmental challenges over the past decade. These challenges must be addressed through the synergic use of different sustainable practices, including pervious surfaces, CDW, and industrial wastes. Their combined utilization produces a pervious geopolymer concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). This research aims to develop and assess the mechanical and hydraulic properties of pervious geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (PGRAC) with a design porosity of 15%. The mixes were made with two binder blends of ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash (1:0 and 1:1) and RCA replacement of 0 and 100%. The mechanical and hydraulic performance were characterized by compressive strength and permeability, respectively. Results showed that pervious concrete made with natural aggregates and comprising a binder blend of slag:fly ash of 1:0 demonstrated 36% higher compressive strength than counterparts having a binder blend of 1:1. Meanwhile, the permeability was unaffected by the variation in the binder. At 100% RCA, the compressive strength of mixes having a binder blend of 1:0 was 192% higher than that of the equivalent mix having a binder blend of 1:1. Yet, the latter had 12% higher permeability than the former. These research findings demonstrate the ability to produce sustainable PGRAC for use in pavement applications.

Hybridization of concrete by the inclusions of kaolin, alumina and silica fume: Performance evaluation

Concrete is the prime source, which fulfils the applications for construction in various forms. The prime roles of concrete industries are reducing material usage, enrichment of compressive strength, and flexural strength of concrete usage. This research focuses on recycling kaolin (mining waste) and silica fume, a great potential material for replacing coarse aggregate gravel stone and fine aggregate sand in conventional concrete as a hybrid. The developed concrete contained 5% nano alumina (Al2O3), 10% of kaolin waste (KW), and 5, 10, and 15% of silica fume (SF), and its behavior like compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and acid attack behavior is studied. The molecular structure of crystalline is analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The 15% SF blended with 5% alumina and 10% KW cured within 28 and 90 days recorded high compressive and flexural strength (44 ± 1.76 MPa and 4.3 ± 0.17 MPa). XRD pattern proved their alumina, SF, and KW and found that the concrete blended with 5% alumina, 10% KW, and 15 wt% SF(90 days cured concrete) showed low water absorption (3.1 ± 0.12%). The effect of sulfuric acid behavior on weight reduction was 0.78% compared to CC1 (concrete cube without Al2O3, SF, and KW).

A new type of shale gas reservoir—carbonate-rich shale: From laboratory mechanical characterization to field stimulation strategy

Recently, a new promising type of marine shale gas reservoir, carbonate-rich shale, has been discovered. But the mechanical properties of this type of shale were still unrevealed and the corresponding reservoir stimulation design was lack of guidance. Using the deep downhole cores of an exploratory carbonate-rich shale gas well, the physical and mechanical parameters and failure mechanism of the whole reservoir section were acquired and evaluated systematically, by performing XRD, tri-axial compression, Brazilian splitting, and fracture toughness tests. A new model was established to evaluate the reservoir brittleness based on fracture morphology and stress-strain curve. Recommended strategy for reservoir stimulation was discussed. Results showed that (1) Carbonate-rich shale possessed high compressive strength and high Young's modulus, which were improved by 10.74% and 3.37% compared to that of siliceous shale. It featured high tensile strength and fracture toughness, with insignificant anisotropy. (2) With the content of carbonate minerals increasing, the shear failure morphology transformed from sparse and wide brittle fractures to diffusely distributed and subtle plastic cracks. (3) The brittleness index order was: siliceous shale, clay-rich shale, carbonate-rich shale, and limestone. (4) The special properties of carbonate-rich shale were rooted in the inherent feature of carbonate minerals (high strength, high elastic modulus, and cleavage structure), resulting in greater challenge in reservoirs stimulation. The above findings would promote the understanding of carbonate-rich shale reservoirs and provide reference for the optimum design of reservoir stimulation.

Green Strong Cornstalk Rind-Based Cellulose-PVA Aerogel for Oil Adsorption and Thermal Insulation.

Cellulose-based aerogel has attracted considerable attention for its excellent adsorption capacity, biodegradability, and renewability. However, it is considered eco-unfriendly due to defibrillation of agriculture waste and requires harmful/expensive chemical agents. In this study, cornstalk rind-based aerogel was obtained via the following steps: green H2O2/HAc delignification of cornstalk rind to obtain cellulose fibers, binding with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and freeze-drying treatment, and hydrophobic modification with stearic acid. The obtained aerogel showed high compressive strength (200 KPa), which is apparently higher (about 32 kPa) than NaClO-delignified cornstalk-based cellulose/PVA aerogel. Characterization of the obtained aerogel through SEM, water contact angle, etc., showed high porosity (95%), low density (0.0198 g/cm-3), and hydrophobicity (water contact angle, 159°), resulting in excellent n-hexane adsorption capacity (35 g/g), higher (about 29.5 g/g) than NaClO-delignified cornstalk-based cellulose/PVA aerogel. The adsorbed oil was recovered by the extrusion method, and the aerogel showed excellent recyclability in oil adsorption.

An Experimental Investigation on Porosity and Permeability Co-efficent for Pervious Concrete Pavement by Statistical Modelling

Abstract: Pervious concrete has varieties of names such as porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement. It is a special type of concrete with high permeability rate with porosity used for roadways applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing recharge. The present research concentrates about bringing out the most efficient porous concrete by varying water cement ratios and size of aggregate. The main properties studied include porosity, compressive strength and water permeability. These properties were compared with those for conventional concrete. Although water permeability is the most important characteristic of the pervious concrete, there is no well-established method for its quantification. Therefore, an experimental procedure to assess the water permeability of pervious concrete is developed. Fine Pervious concrete is considered as FPC, Coarse Pervious concrete is considered as CPC, Nominal Pervious concrete is considered as NPC. Water cement ratios used are 0.28, 0.30, 0.32 and 0.34. It is observed that out of all varying water cement ratios from 0.28 to 0.34, FPC 3 got the highest compressive strength and later it decreased. CPC 2 got the highest compressive strength and later it decreased. NPC 1 got the highest compressive strength and later it decreased. However there is a lot of deviation in compressive strengths from grade of concrete since it is pervious concrete. It looks clear that with increase in water cement ratio there is decrease in Porosity percentage and permeability.

Novel self-setting cements based on tricalcium silicate/(β-tricalcium phosphate/monocalcium phosphate anhydrous)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: From hydration mechanism to biological evaluations

Despite the clinical success of tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based materials in endodontics, the inferior handling characteristic, poor anti-washout property and slow setting kinetics hindered their wider applications. To solve these problems, an injectable fast-setting TCS/β-tricalcium phosphate/monocalcium phosphate anhydrous (β-TCP/MCPA) cement was developed for the first time by incorporation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and β-TCP/MCPA. The physical-chemical characterization (setting time, anti-washout property, injectability, compressive strength, apatite mineralization and sealing property) of TCS/(β-TCP/MCPA) were conducted. Its hydration mechanism was also investigated. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) treated with TCS/β-TCP/MCPA were studied. The results showed that HPMC could provide TCS with good anti-washout ability and injectability but slow hydration process. However, β-TCP/MCPA effectively enhanced anti-washout characteristics and reduced setting time due to faster hydration kinetics. TCS/(β-TCP/MCPA) obtained around 90 % of injection rate and high compressive strength whereas excessive additions of β-TCP/MCPA compromised its injectability and compressive strength. TCS/(β-TCP/MCPA) can induce apatite deposition and form a tight marginal sealing at the dentin-cement interface. Additionally, TCS/(β-TCP/MCPA) showed good biocompatibility and promoted osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SHED. In general, our results indicated that TCS/(β-TCP/MCPA) may be particularly promising as an injectable bioactive cements for endodontic treatment.