High Coefficient Of Variation Research Articles

Differential response of maize genotypes to low and normal nitrogen supply at seedling stage

High nitrogen (N) efficiency crop genotypes utilize resources rationally and reduce N losses. To evaluate the extent of genotypic variation in response to N supply, twenty-four maize genotypes were grown in Soilrite (peat mass, vermiculite and pearlite mix) supplied with low N level (2mM) or normal N level (25mM) in Hoagland solution. At 21 DAS the average shoot height (SH), leaf area (LA), stem dry weight (SDW), leaf dry weight (LDW), above ground dry weight (ADW), root dry weight (RDW) and total plant dry weight (PDW) were 38.1, 257.5, 67.3, 121.5, 96.9, 49.4, 76.9 and 140.6% higher respectively in seedlings exposed to normal N treatment than those grown under low N level. The shoot N content (SNC), root N content (RNC), above ground N accumulation (ANA), root N (RNA) and total plant N accumulation (PNA) were found to be 1.79, 2.23, 3.51, 3.30 and 3.44-fold increased at normal N supply over low N. Coefficients of variation (CV) varied greatly and ranged from 10.9-37.8 and 9.4-36.7 under low-N and normal-N treatment, respectively. LA, SDW, LDW, ADW, TDW, SNC, RNC, ANA, RNA and TNA showed significant positive correlation both under low N and normal N regime (p< 0.05). SDW, LDW, ADW, PDW, SNC, RNC, ANA, RNA and PNA were significantly correlated and had high CVs reflecting the difference of N in different maize genotypes and these parameters were selected for calculation of N efficiency comprehensive index. According to the N efficiency comprehensive index scatter map under low and normal N conditions, genotypes HKI-164-D4, HKI-325-17 AN, HKI-1332, DTL-3, DTL-2, DHM-117 and DTL-1 were efficient under both low and normal-N conditions and genotypes DTL-10, SNJ-2011-96, PSRJ-13099, NSJ-211 and Z59-17were inefficient under both low and normal-N conditions

EVALUATION OF PROVINCES IN TÜRKİYE WITH HEALTH INDICATORS BY DENSITY-BASED SPATIAL CLUSTERING ANALYSIS

This study aims to evaluate the health resource distribution of provinces in Turkey using DBSCAN cluster analysis method. The optimum values of DBSCAN parameters (epsilon and minPts) were tested by simulation and the clustering silhouette value was taken as the basis for selecting the appropriate parameter set. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the dataset show a high coefficient of variation, indicating inequalities in the distribution of health resources. By dividing provinces into two clusters, the study reveals the similarity of local dynamics in the inequality of resource distribution. The findings provide important insights for relevant stakeholders to address the disparities between provinces in Turkey. The fact that the study adopts a method other than the hierarchical and k-means clustering methods dominant in the literature and that the codes of the algorithm are shared in Python language broadens the horizons of the relevant researchers and increases the transparency and reproducibility of the study.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Excellent Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Germplasm Resources

This study analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, and cluster analysis of 129 sugar beet germplasm resources to screen superior germplasms for breeding using the 27 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 33 pairs of insertion–deletion (InDel) molecular markers. After integrating the phenotypic variation of 16 descriptive and 4 qualitative phenotypic variables, the genetic variation levels of the 129 sugar beet germplasms’ phenotypic traits were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and analysis of variance methods. The genetic diversity examination of molecular markers showed a polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.419–0.773 (mean = 0.610). Moreover, the mean number of effective alleles detected via the SSR and InDel markers was 3.054 and 2.298, respectively. Meanwhile, the PIC ranged from 0.130 to 0.602 (mean = 0.462). The population structure analysis revealed the most appropriate K-value, indicating three populations (K = 3). The genetic distances of the 129 germplasm resources ranged from 0.099 to 0.466 (mean = 0.283). The cluster analysis results demonstrated that the germplasms were grouped into three primary classes. Based on the analysis of variance, the two qualitative features with the highest coefficients of variation were petiole width (16.64%) and length (17.11%). The descriptive trait root length index (1.395) exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. The PCA reduced the 20 phenotypic traits into five principal components, contributing 51.151%. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the future selection and breeding of superior sugar beet germplasm resources.

Abundance and Diversity of Several Bacterial Genera in the Mariculture Environment

Although there have been some studies on pathogenic bacteria and their pathogenicity in animals, few studies have assessed the effects of aquaculture on the diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria. This study used Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR to explore the diversity of several bacterial genera containing pathogenic bacteria in the mariculture environment and the intestines of different cultured animals. These bacterial genera can be divided into two categories: The first category (14 genera) had high abundances and a low coefficient of variation among similar samples were significantly correlated with the total number of bacteria (r2 > 0.7, p ≈ 0). The other category (7 genera) with low abundances and a high coefficient of variation had no significant relationship with bacterial abundance. These results indicated that these bacterial genera had different responses and adaptation mechanisms to the aquaculture environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that a high abundance of genera was closely related to the pond environment. The abundance of these bacterial genera in the animals’ intestines was much higher than source water, especially for Mycoplasma, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, and Enterococcus, suggesting the aquaculture promoted the high abundance of these bacteria. This study provides a theoretical basis for sediment-associated pathogens acting as a potential pathogen source in the aquaculture environment. This study provides a strategy for disease prevention and control according to the characteristics of potential pathogens in the cultural process.

Polygenic Variations and Character Association Study of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality Attributes

An experiment was conducted in the Vegetable Farm of Bihar Agricultural University in Rabi Season with the objective to study the genetic variability and character association for yield and quality attributes in thirty tomato genotypes. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated significant differences amongst the genotypes for all the characters studied. Yield per plant showed the highest coefficient of variations (56.41 %, 58.93%) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was also noted for average fruit weight (48.33%, 48.98%) and number of fruits/plant (35.14%, 33.55%). Traits like average fruit weight (97.4%, 41.85), number of fruits per plant (91.2%, 25.90), and plant height (95.8%, 69.38) exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Genetic advance as percentage of mean ranged from 11.81-111.22% for different characters. The highest genetic advance as percentage of mean (111.2%) was recorded for yield per plant. Fruit yield per plant expressed highly significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations with average fruit weight (0.697, 0.694), equatorial diameter (0.637, 0.596) and polar diameter (0.488, 0.454). The genotypes, Hisar Lalit, Pusa Ruby, Arka Alok, Pant T-7 and Pusa Rohini which have been found to be promising with respect to fruit weight and yield per plant may further be exploited to create new genetic variations by random mutation, somaclonal variation and modern molecular techniques for studying disease resistance, post-harvest and processing qualities.

Factors affecting the prolongation of glycemic time in range among children with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring systems: A case control study

BackgroundTime in range is a reliable measure of the risk of diabetes complications. High percentage of patients with diabetes fail to achieve the recommended time in range (TIR) target of 70–180 mg/dl (3.9–10 mmol/l) >70%.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify factors influencing TIR prolongation.MethodsChildren aged 1–17 years with >1-year type 1 diabetes (T1D) duration, treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) ≥3 months, using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or intermittently scanned CGM (is-CGM) ≥1 month, and with a registration time >70% were included. Data were collected during routine diabetology visits at an outpatient clinic. Insulin pump and CGM or is-CGM reports in the most recent 14 days were recorded using a dedicated software. Legal caregivers were also asked to complete a questionnaire on how the patients use the insulin pump functions and eating habits.ResultsA sample of 110 patients was categorized into two groups: those with TIR >70% and TIR ≤70%. TIR ≤70% group presented with repeated hyperglycemia and a high glycemic variability coefficient of variation. We noted an acceptable hypoglycemia rate (3%), regardless of the TIR value. Patients with TIR >70% predominantly used predictive low glucose suspend system, maintained adequate intervals between insulin delivery and meal consumption, used the “bolus calculator” function, and more frequently created electronic reports.ConclusionsHyperglycemia and high glycemic variability prevent patients from achieving the target TIR. Advanced features in the CGM systems, premeal insulin bolus, and patients’ involvement in diabetes treatment are the main factors contributing to TIR prolongation.

Temporal rainfall variability and drought characterization in Cheleka Watershed, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Study regionCheleka Watershed, lower Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Study focusThe lower part of Awash River (Cheleka Watershed) with an area of 1744.48 km2 has limited rainfall temporal variability and drought incidence data. So, the study analyzed the temporal rainfall variability and drought incidence from five meteorological station starting from1988 up to 2017. Coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index, mean and standard deviation were computed to analysis the temporal variations of rainfall; frequency and severity of droughts were characterized through rainfall anomalies indexes (RAI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI). New hydrological insights for the regionThe study found that, mean annual rainfall with a range value of 908.90 mm - 1181.48 mm in Batie and Majetie station respectively. Kiremt rainfall total with the highest coefficient of variation (22.93–29.12%) next to Belg rainfall total (39.31–52.43%) and the lowest variations of annual rainfall total (15–22.59%). Frequency of drought in 12 month’s interval indicates severely dry droughts, most frequently next to moderately dry drought. The maximum frequency for severely dry (8.61%) and moderately dry (11.39%) drought were occurred in Kemisse station. The longest duration and the highest magnitude drought were occurred in Kombolcha station next to Kemisse. As recommendation, since, this study was focused only temporal rainfall variability and drought characteristic, it is better that, future research will be conducted to evaluate the spatial rainfall variability and hydrological drought severity nature and its impact on socio-economic and human well-beings in the area.

Punching shear capacity of fiber-reinforced concrete suspended slabs: Database analysis and models assessments

The punching shear capacity is critical in the design of suspended slabs. Fiber reinforcement has been introduced to improve the punching shear capacity of these slabs. Several models have been used to predict the punching shear capacity of fiber-reinforced concrete slabs (FRCS). Some of these models accounted only for the contribution of concrete (e.g., ACI 318–19 and CSA-19), while others also accounted for the contribution of reinforcing steel (e.g., JSCE-07 and Eurocode-2 and/or fibers (e.g., fib MC-10). In the present study, experimental results from 240 FRCS and 78 control slabs (without fibers) were collected and analyzed to assess the effect of various parameters and the extent to which these parameters affect the predicted punching shear capacities by various models. Four main parameters, concrete compressive strength, steel reinforcement ratio, fiber reinforcement, and punching shear perimeter, were considered in the assessment of various design and theoretical models. The study revealed that most design-based models underestimate, to varying degrees, the punching shear capacities with large variability. To better capture the dependence of the punching shear capacity on the four main parameters, a new model was proposed for FRCS. The proposed model considers the critical shear perimeter at a distance d from the face of the column and accounts for the fiber contribution as a function of the residual strength parameter obtained from standard beam tests (ASTM C1609). Predictions of the proposed model were characterized by high accuracy and low coefficient of variation (CV).

ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF RICE MARKET IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

Vertical integration is important to know to see whether changes in rice prices in the reference market (consumers) are followed by changes in rice prices in the follower market (producers) which will have an impact on the effectiveness of the Government's policies in stabilizing rice prices. This study aims to determine the price variation and vertical integration of local and superior rice markets in South Kalimantan Province. This study uses local and superior rice price data at the producer (milling) and consumer (retailer) levels from January 2014 to March 2024. The data used was sourced from the Central Statistics Agency and the South Kalimantan Provincial Agriculture and Food Security Office. The Coefficient of Variation is used to see price variations in local and superior rice. VAR/VECM analysis is used to identify vertical integration relationships between local and superior rice markets at the producer and consumer levels. The results of the study show that the highest coefficient of variation in local and superior rice prices occurred in the year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The coefficient of variation in local rice prices of producers was highest in 2020 and 2022 at 10.96% and 15.68%. The coefficient of variation in the price of superior rice for the highest producers in 2022 and 2023 is 16.23% and 12.48%. The results of the study also show that there is a vertical integration of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the consumer and producer of local and superior rice market. In the integration of the long-term equilibrium relationship, when the price of local and superior rice at the consumer level increases, the price of local and superior rice at the producer level also increases. The vertical integration of the short-term equilibrium relationship in the local rice market is full integration because both the consumer and producer markets influence each other but in opposite directions of price transmission. If prices in the consumer market rise, prices in the producer market will fall. The vertical integration of the short-term equilibrium relationship in the superior rice market is not complete because the producer market affects the consumer market but the consumer market does not significantly affect the producer market.

'Setting the Benchmark' Part 1: The Contextualised Physical Demands of Positional Roles in the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022.

This study aimed to contextualise and benchmark the positional role demands during the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. With FIFA's official approval, all sixty-four games were analysed during the competition (n=722) using a multi-camera computerised tracking system. During a typical FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 match, defensive and central midfielders covered 8-19% more total distance than other positional roles (P<0.01; Effect Size [ES]: 0.8-2.5). The distances covered at higher intensities (≥20 and ≥25 km · h-1) were 16-92% and 36-138% higher for wide midfielders and wide forwards compared to central defenders, defensive and central midfielders as well as centre forwards (P<0.01; ES: 0.7-2.2 and ES: 0.6-1.4). Defensive and central midfielders covered a greater proportion of their distance at higher intensities (≥20 and ≥25 km · h-1) out-of-possession (71-83%; P<0.01; ES: 1.4-3.0), whilst attacking midfielders, wide and centre forwards more in-possession (55-68%; P<0.01; ES: 1.6-3.3). Nine out of the top ten sprint speeds attained at the tournament were from wide positional roles (35.3-35.7 km · h-1). All positional roles demonstrated a second half reduction in total distance covered compared to the first half (P<0.01; ES: 0.8-1.3). A decline between halves for the distances covered at higher intensities (≥20 and ≥25 km · h-1) were more evident in attacking midfielders, wide defenders and midfielders than for other positional roles (P<0.01; ES: 0.3-0.7). Defensive midfielders and centre forwards were found to have the highest coefficient of variation (CV: 30.9-35.9% and 67.7-67.8%) for the distances covered at higher intensities (≥20 and ≥25 km · h-1) compared to other positional roles. The current findings provide valuable contextual information about the contemporary positional demands of international football. This could be useful in the development and prescription of specific training regimes for national teams.

Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy: reliability and sensitivity among different endurance cycling exercise intensities.

The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e., test and retest) were performed in the moderate-intensity domain (100 and 130 W) and heavy-intensity domain (160 and 190 W). The local tissue oxygen saturation index (SmO2) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were measured continuously. The absolute SmO2 and V̇O2 values and the change (Δ) from the 3rd to 6th min of exercise were calculated. There was good reliability for SmO2 measurements, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC ≥0.84 for all) and low coefficient of variation between the two trials (CV ≤4.1% for all). Steady-state responses were observed for SmO2 and V̇O2 from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two moderate-intensity bouts (P>0.05), whereas SmO2 decreased and V̇O2 increased from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two heavy-intensity bouts (P<0.05). Together, these findings suggested that the SmO2 measured with a wNIRS device is reliable and sensitive to track local metabolic changes provoked by slight increments in exercise intensity.

Interocular Symmetry and Intermachine Reproducibility of Optic Disc and Macular Parameters Measured by Two Different Models of Optical Coherence Tomography.

To compare the interocular symmetry and investigate the intermachine reproducibility of optic disc and macular data measured by spectral-domain high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) Cirrus HD-OCT 4000 and HD-OCT 5000 from healthy subjects. Forty-three volunteers were examined with both HD-OCT 4000 and HD-OCT 5000 at the same visit. Optic nerve head (ONH) and macular data were acquired using ONH Cube 200×200 scans and macular volume cube 512×128 scans, respectively. The average age of the participants was 33 ± 8.6 years. Interocular OCT parameters of ONH and macula showed a high correlation between the right and left eyes regardless of HD-OCT models, displaying a low coefficient of variation (CV). However, the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was thicker (96.67±11.19µm vs 95.3±10.89µm, p<0.01), and the average central subfield thickness (261.51±17.45µm vs 262.51±17.39 µm, p<0.01) and cube average thickness (283.91± 13.59µm vs 286.55±13.09µm, p<0.05) were thinner when measured by Cirrus 4000 compared to 5000. Intermachine reproducibility and reliability of RNFL and macular parameters exhibited a high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.985) and low CV (2.4%). Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measured by two OCT models showed similar values with an average thickness of 85 µm and had high intermachine reproducibility with high ICC (0.993) and low CV (1.2%). High interocular symmetry was observed across both HD-OCT models. Intermachine reproducibility for RNFL and all macular parameters was also high. GCIPL showed minimal intermachine differences with high reproducibility and reliability. Thus, the results imply that GCIPL values measured by two Cirrus OCT models may be used interchangeably.

Evaluation of the Potentiality of Eight Advanced Populations of Brassica Rapa L. Based on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters

In a study conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University from November 2018 to February 2019, eight advanced populations of Brassica rapa L. were assessed to explore their variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlations and path coefficient considering twelve yield-contributing traits. Significant variation was observed among all populations for all traits. Minimum difference between phenotypic and genotypic variance was noted in most of the traits, while high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation occurred in the number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, thousand seed weight, and seed yield per plant. Traits like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, and days to 80% maturity exhibited high heritability with low genetic advance. Conversely, the number of siliquae per plant demonstrated high heritability with high genetic advance, suggesting potentiality for trait selection. Correlation analysis identified significant positive associations between seed yield per plant and several traits. Path coefficient analysis highlighted direct positive effects on seed yield per plant from days to 80% maturity, root length, number of secondary branches per plant, and thousand seed weight. Chronologically, G6 performed the best showcasing most of the traits especially seed yield per plant and days to 80% maturity which can be considered as important breeding material for improvement of B. rapa L. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 109-118 (2023)

Genetic variability and correlation studies on seed yield and yield components in advanced breeding lines of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate eighteen diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilkeezek] advanced breeding lines developed at AICRP on MULLaRP for the estimation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, correlation coefficient for eleven quantitative traits and their association level with seed yield. The genotypes differed significantly for all characters under study. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for seed yield, number of pods per plant, branches per plant and clusters per plant. Association analysis indicated that, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and chlorophyll content had positive correlation with seed yield. Maximum direct effect on seed yield was observed through number of branches per plant, the number of clusters per plant and dry matter. From the present findings it could be suggested that on the basis of genetic parameter correlation and path analysis, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant should be given topmost priority while formulating a selection strategy for improvement in seed yield of mungbean.

Comparative assessment of the copy number of satellite repeats in the genome of Triticeae species.

Satellite repeats are a significant component of the genome of Triticeae and play a crucial role in the speciation. They are a valuable tool for studying these processes. Pseudoroegneria species play a special role among grasses, as they are considered putative donors of the St-genome in many polyploid species. The aim of this study was to compare the copy number of satellite repeats in the genomes of Triticeae species. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to determine the copy numbers of 22 newly discovered satellite repeats revealed in the whole-genome sequences of Pseudoroegneria species and one additional repeat previously identified in the genome of Aegilops crassa. The study focused on seven species of Pseudoroegneria, three species of Thinopyrum, Elymus pendulinus, Ae. tauschii, Secale cereale, and Triticum aestivum. Based on the copy number level and coefficients of variation, we identified three groups of repeats: those with low variability between species (medium-copy CL82), those with medium variability (low- and medium-copy CL67, CL3, CL185, CL119, CL192, CL89, CL115, CL95, CL168), and those with high coefficients of variation (CL190, CL184, CL300, CL128, CL207, CL69, CL220, CL101, CL262, CL186, CL134, CL251, CL244). CL69 exhibited a specific high copy number in all Pseudoroegneria species, while CL101 was found in both Pseudoroegneria and Th. junceum, CL244 in Th. bessarabicum, CL184 in P. cognata and S. cereale. CL95, CL128, CL168, CL186, CL207, and CL300 exhibited higher copy numbers in P. cognata compared to other species; CL3, CL95, CL115, CL119, CL190, CL220, CL207, and CL300 in P. kosaninii; CL89 in P. libanotica; CL134 in P. geniculata. Our assessment of the copy number of new satellite repeats in the St-genome and the analysis of their amplification specificity between species can contribute to the molecular-genetic and chromosome markers used for evolutionary, phylogenetic, and population studies of Triticeae species.

A novel hypoglycemia alarm framework for type 2 diabetes with high glycemic variability.

In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), accurate prediction of hypoglycemic events is crucial for maintaining glycemic control and reducing their frequency. However, individuals with high blood glucose variability experience significant fluctuations over time, posing a challenge for early warning models that rely on static features. This article proposes a novel hypoglycemia early alarm framework based on dynamic feature selection. The framework incorporates domain knowledge and introduces multi-scale blood glucose features, including predicted values, essential for early warnings. To address the complexity of the feature matrix, a dynamic feature selection mechanism (Relief-SVM-RFE) is designed to effectively eliminate redundancy. Furthermore, the framework employs online updates for the random forest model, enhancing the learning of more relevant features. The effectiveness of the framework was evaluated using a clinical dataset. For T2D patients with a high coefficient of variation (CV), the framework achieved a sensitivity of 81.15% and specificity of 98.14%, accurately predicting most hypoglycemic events. Notably, the proposed method outperformed other existing approaches. These results indicate the feasibility of anticipating hypoglycemic events in T2D patients with high CV using this innovative framework.

THE STUDY OF GENETIC VARIABILITY WITHIN THE COLLECTION OF PEANUTS GROWN ON THE SANDY SOILS OF SOUTHERN OLTENIA

The experiment studied the genetic variability of production and some productivity elements in peanuts grown on sandy soils at Research Development Station Plant Culture Sands Dabuleni during 2018-2020. Several genotypes of local and foreign peanuts were studied. The highest coefficient of variation was recorded at number of secondary branches per plant, number of immature pods, number of mature pods, number of gynophores forming pods, pod production and grain weight per plant. Pod yield per plant showed a highly significant and positive correlation with number of pod-forming gynophores, number of mature pods per plant, grains weight per plant, and days to 50 percent flowering. The number of mature pods per plant was positively correlated with pod yield per plant. Therefore, the number of branches per plant, the height of the main stem, the number of pods per plant, the weight of pods per plant, the number of days to 50 percent flowering, the percentage of shelling and the number of days to maturity are the most important characters that would could be used in selection to increase production.

Variability and heritability study in some selected Brassica rapa L. genotypes

A field experiment was conducted in the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh to study variability and heritability in Brassica rapa L. for developing short durable, high yielding varieties. The experiment had laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and consisted of seven genotypes viz., G1 (BARI Sarisha-14), G2 (Brown Special), G3 (Yellow Special), G4 (Tori-7), G5 (BARI Sarisha-17), G6 (BARI Sarisha-15) and G7 (BARI Sarisha-6). The result revealed that G7 had the highest yield plant-1 (6.91 g) and longest duration (108.00 days) while G4 had the lowest yield plant-1 (4.12 g) and G2 had the shortest duration (79.33 days). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for number of secondary branches plant-1 (95.35% and 99.39%), number of siliqua plant-1 (29.52% and 30.23%), plant height (25.19% and 25.38%) and number of seeds siliqua-1 (26.76% and 27.12%) had estimated. High heritability with high genetic advance and gain had observed for days to 80% maturity (99.92%, 20.99% and 23.36 %), plant height (98.55%, 53.99% and 51.53%) and number of siliqua plant-1 (95.33%, 101.25% and 59.37%). While high heritability with low genetic advance and high genetic gain were observed for number of primary branches plant-1 (92.02%, 0.70% and 188.43%), number of secondary branches plant-1 (92.02%, 7.47% and 188.43%), length of siliqua (98.23%, 1.104% and 29.96), 1000 seed weight (84.61%, 1.23% and 32.01%) and yield plant-1 (97.41%, 2.01% and 38.47%). Days to 80% maturity, plant height and number of siliqua plant-1 showed high heritability with high genetic advance and genetic gain indicated additive gene action and selection could be useful for these traits. While high heritability with low genetic advance had observed for number of primary and secondary branches plant-1, length of siliqua, 1000 seed weight and yield plant-1 indicated non additive gene action and selection might be ineffective for these traits. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(2): 106-118

Design and test of potato seeding apparatus based on double-layer seed picking scoop structure.

At present, potato seeders in China generally have poor uniformity of seed rows and high coefficients of variation in plant spacing during seed rows, causing difficulties for subsequent mechanized plant protection and harvesting. Based on the effect of seed discharge to analyze the sowing process, a potato seed discharger with a double-layer seed picking spoon structure was designed. By analyzing the seed discharging mechanism and its operation process, the shape and size structural parameters of the seed picking spoon were determined. Finite element simulation of the seed pickup process and seed carrying process of the seed discharging mechanism was carried out by EDEM software to determine the double-layer seed scoop scheme and the range of factors for subsequent tests. A two-factor test was conducted with seeding line speed and seed drop height as test factors, and plant spacing coefficient of variation and seed potato lateral offset dispersion as test indexes. The test results showed that the double-layer seeding spoon chain seeder reduced the coefficient of variation in plant spacing by 5.8%, and the dispersion in lateral offset by 5.5 mm, compared with the single seeding spoon seeder, when the seeding speed was 0.184 m/s and the height of falling seed was 9 cm.

An alternate statistical method for dealing outliers in perennial crop experiment

A statistical method based on Robust ANOVA to handle outliers induced high coefficient of variation (CV) in pooled (2011-2018) analysis of long-term Mango cv. Totapuri rootstock trail was suggested. Based on the results, it was concluded that the rootstock treatment T3: Olour (average yield over the period 2011 to 2018 as 57.21 kg/tree) as the best. Precision gained as estimated by reduction in CV (%) was in the range of 11.01 % to 78.9 %. SAS IML codes were built-in for analysis. Hence, this study calls for employing robust ANOVA approach in testing the significance of evaluated treatments in a designed perennial crop experiment with high CV that would have reduced the sensitivity of testing the significance of treatment differences otherwise.