Highest Attainable Standard Of Health Research Articles

Advances in problematic usage of the internet research – A narrative review by experts from the European network for problematic usage of the internet

Global concern about problematic usage of the internet (PUI), and its public health and societal costs, continues to grow, sharpened in focus under the privations of the COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review reports the expert opinions of members of the largest international network of researchers on PUI in the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action (CA 16207), on the scientific progress made and the critical knowledge gaps remaining to be filled as the term of the Action reaches its conclusion.A key advance has been achieving consensus on the clinical definition of various forms of PUI. Based on the overarching public health principles of protecting individuals and the public from harm and promoting the highest attainable standard of health, the World Health Organisation has introduced several new structured diagnoses into the ICD-11, including gambling disorder, gaming disorder, compulsive sexual behaviour disorder, and other unspecified or specified disorders due to addictive behaviours, alongside naming online activity as a diagnostic specifier. These definitions provide for the first time a sound platform for developing systematic networked research into various forms of PUI at global scale. Progress has also been made in areas such as refining and simplifying some of the available assessment instruments, clarifying the underpinning brain-based and social determinants, and building more empirically based etiological models, as a basis for therapeutic intervention, alongside public engagement initiatives.However, important gaps in our knowledge remain to be tackled. Principal among these include a better understanding of the course and evolution of the PUI-related problems, across different age groups, genders and other specific vulnerable groups, reliable methods for early identification of individuals at risk (before PUI becomes disordered), efficacious preventative and therapeutic interventions and ethical health and social policy changes that adequately safeguard human digital rights. The paper concludes with recommendations for achievable research goals, based on longitudinal analysis of a large multinational cohort co-designed with public stakeholders.

Educator perspectives on implementing the Optometry Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health curriculum framework

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples have the right to the highest attainable standard of health and access to health services without discrimination. To uphold these rights, it is important that optometry students are educated in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and culturally safe practice. Background An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health curriculum framework is now mandatory for optometry programs to implement. This study explores the experiences of those involved in implementing this framework and, from their perspectives, what is and is not working. Methods Heads and educators involved in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health curriculum at Australian optometry programs participated in a mixed-methods study. Information about pedagogy and contextual issues impacting curriculum implementation was collected through surveys and interviews. The design and analysis were underpinned by constructivist grounded theory. Results Most programs had at least partially implemented components of the curriculum framework. While partnerships were considered essential to success, this remains a work in progress. Authentic learning through clinical placement was considered a priority. Assessment was described as complex and not yet adequately addressed. Only 37% of educators felt fully prepared to teach and 6% to assess this curriculum. More workload allocation, funding and recruitment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff and students through institutional commitment and leadership were perceived requirements. Conclusion Further developing sustainable partnerships where there is reciprocity between optometry programs and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander educators and communities is critical to effectively implementing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health curriculum. While clinical placement was considered an important learning experience, the type of experience and whether or not all students should attend require further consideration. Additionally, educators need support for professional development and sharing resources in this emerging field. This will contribute to improving culturally safe practice in optometry.

Making everyone count: it is time to improve the visibility of people with disability in primary care.

Making everyone count: it is time to improve the visibility of people with disability in primary care.

Evaluating program planning using an equity framework

To plan for an expansion of healthcare services in newly developed neighbourhoods, a planning initiative was conducted to better understand the needs of the population. Ensuring equity of care was identified as a priority for this initiative. To evaluate how closely the planning adhered to the principles of health equity, we applied Ontario Health's Equity, Inclusion, Diversity, and Anti-Racism Framework to determine which areas of action were successfully addressed, and which areas of action require further focus. The framework contains 11 components, each delineating a key area of action. Using this framework helped identify areas where the principles of equity were well addressed, as well as pointing to additional areas where further efforts are required. Healthcare organizations must take a leadership role in advancing health equity by planning, delivering, improving, and advocating for the services and systematic changes that will allow its local community members to realize their highest attainable standard of health. Using such a framework can help develop strategic approaches to advancing equity.

A nationwide evaluation study of the quality of care and respect of human rights in mental health facilities in Ghana: results from the World Health Organization QualityRights initiative

BackgroundIn 2012, Ghana ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and enacted a Mental Health Act to improve the quality of mental health care and stop human rights violations against people with mental health conditions. In line with these objectives, Ghanaian stakeholders collected data on the quality of mental health services and respect for human rights in psychiatric facilities to identify challenges and gather useful information for the development of plans aimed to improve the quality of the services offered. This study aimed to assess psychiatric facilities from different Ghanaian regions and provide evidence on the quality of care and respect of human rights in mental health services.MethodsAssessments were conducted by independent visiting committees that collected data through observation, review of documentation, and interviews with service users, staff, and carers, and provided scores using the World Health Organization QualityRights Toolkit methodology.ResultsThis study revealed significant key challenges in the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities principles in Ghanaian psychiatric services. The rights to an adequate standard of living and enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health were not fully promoted. Only initial steps had been taken to guarantee the right to exercise legal capacity and the right to personal liberty and security. Significant gaps in the promotion of the right to live independently and be included in the community were identified.ConclusionsThis study identifies shortcomings and critical areas that the Ghanaian government and facilities need to target for implementing a human rights-based approach in mental health and improve the quality of mental health care throughout the country.

CORONAVIRUS WORLDWIDE PROLIFERATION: MORTALITIES DURING THE FIRST AND SECOND WAVE OF CORONA

The coronavirus has jeopardized the life of human creatures worldwide. Its vulnerability has instigated health and financial debacle consequentially has agitated international relations. Many medicinal and health care challenges have been suffered by several states that not only deteriorated standards of health but quivered the stability of highest attainable standards of health. The study elucidates causes of these challenges and their emancipation in the light of the implementation of Human Rights. The article also scrutinizes whether China is responsible for spread of Coronavirus under International Law or if International Law has the power to impose liability on China for the spread of the pandemic. For that purpose, this piece reads the relevant provision of International Law. The article quantitatively explores research articles, various reports, and case laws. This quantitative research contributes that whenever the international law protocols will be violated aftermath of it would be devastating. In this way, the deaths caused that is the aftermath of the worldwide proliferation of Corona during the first and second waves of Corona are thoroughly studied.

Quality and safe anesthesia for all children : That is their right!

In 1989 the United Nations passed the "United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child" (UNCRC) and, among others, demanded the highest attainable standard of health for children. Safe Anesthesia for Every Tot (SAFETOTS, www.safetots.org ), an association of internationally active pediatric anesthetists, has derived 10rights, the 10R's, which are of essential importance for the pediatric anesthetic practice. The first right (R1) postulates: "Children have the right to enjoy the highest possible standard of health. Children below the age of three years in particular should be treated by experienced anesthesiologists with profound and continuous training and regular activity in pediatric anesthesia. Children with significant comorbidities and those who need highly specialized or major interventions benefit from specialized pediatric anesthesia in pediatric centers". The current situation in pediatric anesthesia care in Germany, Austria and Switzerland does not always meet the requirements demanded by the UNCRC. Anesthesia-related complications are approximately 10times more frequent in children than in adults. In contrast to adults, children who are injured during anesthesia are often healthy. Severe complications in pediatric anesthesia have amortality that is several times higher than in adult anesthesia. There are hardly any statistics on this for German-speaking countries but corresponding cases frequently occur in the context of expert opinions in liability litigation and in the press. Anesthesiologists are often charged with the anesthetic care of newborns, infants and small children without having sufficient child-specific expertise, which results in morbidity and mortality. In some places, only afew babies per year undergo general anesthesia in clinics without aspecialized pediatric anesthesia team or asmall number of infant anesthesia cases are divided among alarge number of anesthesiologists. These case numbers are not even sufficient to maintain asingle pediatric anesthesiologist in training in this age group.Changes are needed to guarantee children the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health. We need decision-makers, politicians and professional representatives who rethink and who are willing to implement the UNCRC. This includes changing the current financing of hospitals in order that the quality actually provided is financed. The "pay for performance" must change to "pay for quality". In addition to broad basic pediatric care, all complex forms of pediatric treatment must be carried out in specialized pediatric centers, particularly for small and severely ill children.Significant improvement can be achieved at the local level by reorganization, bundling of pediatric surgical interventions within aclinical unit together with the concentration on adedicated team.

Quality of care and respect of human rights in mental health services in four West African countries: collaboration between the mental health leadership and advocacy programme and the World Health Organization QualityRights initiative.

Although recent reports suggest that service users in West African psychiatric facilities are exposed to poor quality of care and human rights violations, evidence is lacking on the extent and profile of specific deficits in the services provided to persons with mental health conditions. To evaluate the quality of care and respect of human rights in psychiatric facilities in four West African countries, The Gambia, Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone, using the World Health Organization QualityRights Toolkit. Trained research workers collected information through observation, review of records and interviews with service users, caregivers and staff. Independent panels of assessors used the information to assign scores to the criteria, standards and themes of the QualityRights Toolkit. The study revealed significant gaps in these facilities. The rights to an adequate standard of living and to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health were poorly promoted. Adherence to the right to exercise legal capacity and the right to personal liberty and security was almost absent. Severe shortcomings in the promotion of the right to live independently and be included in the community were reported. Inadequate appreciation of service users' rights, lack of basic approaches to protect them and the non-promotion of rights-based services in these facilities are major problems that need to be addressed. Although it recognises the resource constraints and need for more human and financial resources, the study also identifies critical areas and challenges that require significant changes at the facility level.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Respectful Maternal Care Among the Health Workers Working in Selected Hospital/Health Centers at Meerut

Abstract: The pregnancy and mother hood is the right of a women. During the time of labour, the women suffer shouting, slapping, pinching, hitting, and also application of extreme fundal pressure which is against human rights. Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a rightful expectation of every woman. Care during this period needs to encompass basic human rights, including the rights to respect, dignity, confidentiality, information and informed consent, the right to the highest attainable standard of health, and freedom from discrimination and from all forms of ill-treatment including making abuse to mother in labour including lack of treatment with dignity, delivery by unqualified personnel, lack of privacy, demand for informal payments, and lack of basic infrastructure, hygiene, and sanitation . Objectives 1) To assess the knowledge on respectful maternity care among the health worker. 2) To determine the association between the knowledge on respectful maternity care with the selected demographic variable. Hypothesis H1-There will be significant difference on knowledge about respectful maternity care. H2-There will be significant association between the knowledge and the socio demographic variable. Methodology: A descriptive research design was undertaken for this study. The population of the study consists of health workers at selected hospitals of Meerut. With the sample size of 30 were selected by using non probability convenient sampling. Result: Among 30 Health Workers Sample 15(50%) Were Having Moderate Knowledge ,12(40%) Were Having Adequate Knowledge and Only 03(10%) Were Having Inadequate Knowledge About Respectful Maternity Care. And there was significant association with number of deliveries whereas there is no significant association between age, sex, education, years of experience, area of working and attending any midwifery related training Conclusion: The study concluded that the most of the health workers are having moderate knowledge regarding the respectful maternity care and there was significant association among the students. Keywords: Respectful maternity care, assess, knowledge

Towards Universal Health Coverage

This paper explores the universal health coverage (UHC) in Kenya through the lens of its potential to progressively realize the constitutional promise of the right to the highest attainable standard of health. The health sector in Kenya has experienced tremendous changes since the government piloted the UHC program in four counties that led to the abolition of all fees, more than 200 community health units launched, 7700 community health volunteers with over 700 health workers recruited (MOH, 2020). Still, the government is in the process of scaling up UHC, reforming the national hospital insurance fund (NHIF) to establish a mandatory universal health coverage scheme. This paper sought to examine the framing of UHC; assess the healthcare system between 2017 -2020; investigate the challenges faced in the implementation of UHC in Kenya. The researcher utilized documents analysis to collect the relevant data using a coding schedule. A purposive search was undertaken to identify key policy documents and relevant documents. 18 documents were sampled. The findings reveal that Kenya’s healthcare facilities index stands at 59%, with a density of 2.2 per 10,000 population, the workforce density is at 15.6/10,000. Four counties including Tharaka Nithi (33.8), Nyeri (31.0), Uasin Gishu (28.2), and Nairobi (26.3) have achieved well above the WHO target. Several strategies and programs such as Afya Care, abolished maternity fees for mothers delivering at public facilities, and expansion of the National Health Insurance Fund, has been initiated to drive the UHC agenda. The Ministry of Health’s (MoH) budget also continues to rise, in 2018/19 the MoH received its largest allocation. Kenya, now more than ever, has an opportunity to accelerate progress towards equitable access to healthcare.

Position Statement for Mental Health Care in Long-Term Care During COVID-19.

COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted older adults in long-term care (LTC) facilities in Canada. There are opportunities to learn from this crisis and to improve systems of care in order to ensure that older adults in LTC enjoy their right to the highest attainable standard of health. Measures are needed to ensure the mental health of older adults in LTC during COVID-19. The Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry (CAGP) and Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health (CCSMH) have developed the following position statements to address the mental health needs of older adults in LTC facilities, their family members, and LTC staff. We outlined eight key considerations related to mental health care in LTC during COVID-19 to optimize the mental health of this vulnerable population during the pandemic.

Health and Access to Health Services for People with Disability in Australia: Data and Data Gaps.

The right of people with disability to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability is enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Among its obligations as a signatory to the CRPD, Australia is required to collect appropriate information, including statistical and research data, to inform development and implementation of policies to give effect to the Convention. In this commentary, we first describe how the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) conceptual model of disability can be operationalised in statistical data collections, with a focus on how this is achieved in key Australian data sources such that people with disability can be identified as a population group. We then review existing statistical data on health and health service use for people with disability in Australia, highlighting data gaps and limitations. Finally, we outline priorities and considerations for improving data on health and access to health services for people with disability. As well as conceptual, practical, and ethical considerations, a key principle that must guide future disability data development is that people with disability and their representative organisations must be involved and participate fully in the development of disability data and statistics, and in their use.

9.A. Workshop: The contribution of Environmental Impact Assessments to better health

As society builds back from COVID-19 we must ensure that policy decisions about the built environment protect and promote human health. This roundtable is organised by 4 EUPHA sections: Health Impact Assessment; Ethics in Public Health; Law & Public Health; Environment & Health. The objective is to consider ethical, legal and methodological issues raised by the requirement for health to be considered in the EU Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive. This roundtable will cross-examine the advice that EUPHA wrote with the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) to guide health authorities through the EIA process. See https://eupha.org/section_page.php?section_page=200.We contend that human health in EIA cuts across many aspects of public health and that public health must up its game. The EIA Directive provides a high level of protection to the environment and health on land and at sea. It applies to a wide range of projects in all EU Member States, including those co-financed by the EU through its Cohesion, Agricultural and Fisheries Policies. It applies to projects funded by the financial institutions of the EU which operate globally. The directive explicitly requires human health to be considered and yet gets little input from health authorities. EIA is a forward-looking instrument. EIA provides information to a decision-maker before effects occur. This allows for environment and health to be hard-wired into the design of a project. It places public health at the heart of deliberations about the future of infrastructure and the built environment.Format: the roundtable will open with an introduction to the process of EIA and the EUPHA/IAIA reference paper. Panellists will then question the speakers. The chairperson will invite questions from all participants. The organisers will generate debate on social media.Areas of inquiry are provided belowEthics: The construction and operation of projects can have good and bad effects on communities, and these effects can go beyond the current generation. What ethical principles should guide the design of these projects? How can an ethical EIA be ensured and what is the role for public health? Are there overlapping ethical principles in protecting the environment and protecting health?Law: What legal instruments can be used to promote, as well as to protect, health? How can EIA be used to ensure that States uphold their legal obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health for all?Environment: EIA is involved in granting planning consent for large projects that require resources and which change the environment. Is the argument linking health and environment made strongly enough? What standards are being applied? What is the role of the WHO? How can the strength of the EU Green Deal be utilised?The panel will conclude by formulating crucial points for improving public health in EIA and lessons for other cross-sectoral work.Speakers/Panelists Els Maeckelberghe Wenckebach Institute for Medical Education and Training - University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Marija Jevtic University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia Amandine Garde Law & Non-Communicable Diseases Unit, Liverpool, UK Sarah Humboldt-Dachroeden Roskilde University, Copenhagen, Denmark Filipe Silva Public Health by Design Limited, Hounslow, UK Key messages Human health in Environmental Impact Assessment is a legal requirement, it cuts across many aspects of public health and public health must up its game.Health in Environmental Impact Assessment provides a test case and a working example of health in other sectors and raises many fascinating questions for the future of public health.

A Human Right Approach of Right to Health During Pandemic

The right to live isn’t the absence of death; it’s living a life with good health and human dignity.’ Human rights are fundamentally linked to global health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Human rights law guarantees everyone the right to the highest attainable standard of health and obligates governments to take steps to prevent threats to public health and to provide medical care to those who need it. The language and principles of human rights relate to the rights that support the survival and basic wellbeing of communities and individuals, including their rights to life, health and an adequate standard of living. Human rights law also recognizes that in the context of serious public health threats and public emergencies threatening the life of the Nation, restrictions on some rights can be justified when they have a legal basis, are strictly necessary, based on scientific evidence and neither arbitrary nor discriminatory in application, of limited duration, respectful of human dignity, subject to review, and proportionate to achieve the objective. The scale and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic clearly rises to the level of a public health threat that could justify restrictions on certain rights, such as those that result from the imposition of quarantine or isolation limiting freedom of movement. At the same time, careful attention to human rights such as non-discrimination and human rights principles such as transparency and respect for human dignity can foster an effective response amidst the turmoil and disruption that inevitably results in times of crisis and limit the harms that can come from the imposition of overly broad measures that do not meet the criteria.

Optimizing the Global Nursing Workforce to Ensure Universal Palliative Care Access and Alleviate Serious Health-Related Suffering Worldwide

ContextPalliative care access is fundamental to the highest attainable standard of health and a core component of universal health coverage. Forging universal palliative care access is insurmountable without strategically optimizing the nursing workforce and integrating palliative nursing into health systems at all levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored both the critical need for accessible palliative care to alleviate serious health-related suffering and the key role of nurses to achieve this goal. Objectives1) Summarize palliative nursing contributions to the expansion of palliative care access; 2) identify emerging nursing roles in alignment with global palliative care recommendations and policy agendas; 3) promote nursing leadership development to enhance universal access to palliative care services. MethodsEmpirical and policy literature review; best practice models; recommendations to optimize the palliative nursing workforce. ResultsNurses working across settings provide a considerable untapped resource that can be leveraged to advance palliative care access and palliative care program development. Best practice models demonstrate promising approaches and outcomes related to education and training, policy and advocacy, and academic-practice partnerships. ConclusionAn estimated 28 million nurses account for 59% of the international healthcare workforce and deliver up to 90% of primary health services. It has been well-documented that nurses are often the first or only healthcare provider available in many parts of the world. Strategic investments in international and interdisciplinary collaboration, as well as policy changes and the safe expansion of high-quality nursing care, can optimize the efforts of the global nursing workforce to mitigate serious health-related suffering.

Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement and Guideline: Infant Feeding and Lactation-Related Language and Gender.

Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement and Guideline: Infant Feeding and Lactation-Related Language and Gender.

DE-STIGMATISING PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA

Stigma and associated discrimination against persons with psychosocial disabilities constitute a considerable barrier to the realisation of the highest attainable standard of health in South Africa, Africa, and further afield, constituting a significant human rights violation. This situation is evidenced and exacerbated by mental health as a whole remaining under-prioritised in law, policy and resource allocation. States parties to have a duty to address stigma and discrimination through awareness raising and education. Some important commitments have been made in this respect, particularly at the policy level in South Africa. Nevertheless, and as demonstrated by tragic recent events, effective implementation remains lacking. This article lays out the obligations incumbent upon the South African government to address stigma and discrimination on the basis of psychosocial disability as a public health and human rights imperative by examining positive duties incorporated into international instruments and domestic law and policy. It further considers the role of political de-prioritisation of mental health and how this constitutes stigma of a systemic nature, using case law and examples of research and best practice from South Africa, Africa generally, and beyond. We conclude that South Africa is failing to meet its obligations to persons with psychosocial disabilities, and recommend that positive duties be emphasised in potential disability-specific legislation; high-level political commitment and co-ordination issecured for mental health; the CRPD’s independent monitoring requirement is urgently fulfilled; and contextually-relevant interventions are crafted with the active participation of persons with psychosocial disabilities and their representative organisations.

Health Disparities and New Health Technologies - A Patients' and Human Rights Perspective.

The human right to health requires that everyone should have equal opportunities to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health. In practice, this is hard to achieve, as health is shaped by social determinants. This article explores the impact personalized medicine and use of big data may have on health disparities. New health technologies offer a lot of hope for more individual and better health promotion and care, which potentially could be beneficial for the most deprived. However, there are also concerns that not all population groups will profit equally from this new population-based medicine, and that new digital health technologies will maintain - or even reinforce - existing health disparities. This article suggests using insights from poverty studies combined with a patients' and human rights-based approach to ensure that the most deprived are not left behind in the application of new health technologies.

Human rights and fair access to COVID-19 vaccines: the International AIDS Society–Lancet Commission on Health and Human Rights

Human rights and fair access to COVID-19 vaccines: the International AIDS Society–Lancet Commission on Health and Human Rights

Improving access to healthcare for paediatric sickle cell disease patients: a qualitative study on healthcare professionals\u2019 views

BackgroundIn well-resourced countries, comprehensive care programs have increased life expectancy of patients with sickle cell disease, with almost all infants surviving into adulthood. However, families affected by sickle cell disease are more likely to be economically disenfranchised because of their racial or ethnic minority status. As every individual child has the right to the highest attainable standard of health under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, it is essential to identify both barriers and facilitators with regard to the delivery of adequate healthcare. Optimal healthcare accessibility will improve healthcare outcomes for children with sickle cell disease and their families. Healthcare professionals in the field of sickle cell care have first-hand experience of the barriers that patients encounter when it comes to effective care. We therefore hypothesised that these medical professionals have a clear picture of what is necessary to overcome these barriers and which facilitators will be most feasible. Therefore, this study aims to map best practises and lessons learnt in order to attain more optimal healthcare accessibility for paediatric patients with sickle cell disease and their families.MethodsHealthcare professionals working with young patients with sickle cell disease were recruited for semi-structured interviews. An interview guide was used to ensure the four healthcare accessibility dimensions were covered. The interviews were transcribed and coded. Based on field notes, initial codes were generated, to collate data (both barriers and solutions) to main themes (such as “transportation”, or “telecommunication”). Through ongoing thematic analysis, definitive themes were formulated and best practices were reported as recommendations. Quotations were selected to highlight or illustrate the themes and link the reported results to the empirical data.ResultsIn 2019, 22 healthcare professionals from five different university hospitals in the Netherlands were interviewed. Participants included (paediatric) haematologists, nurses and allied health professionals. Six themes emerged, all associated with best practices on topics related to the improvement of healthcare accessibility for children with sickle cell disease and their families. Firstly, the full reimbursement of invisible costs made by caregivers. Secondly, clustering of healthcare appointments on the same day to help patients seeing all required specialists without having to visit the hospital frequently. Thirdly, organisation of care according to shared care principles to deliver specialised services as close as possible to the patient’s home without compromising quality. Fourthly, optimising verbal and written communication methods with special consideration for families with language barriers, low literacy skills, or both. Fifthly, improving the use of eHealth services tailored to users’ health literacy skills, including accessible mobile telephone contact between healthcare professionals and caregivers of children with sickle cell disease. Finally, increasing knowledge and interest in sickle cell disease among key stakeholders and the public to ensure that preventive and acute healthcare measures are understood and safeguarded in all settings.ConclusionThis qualitative study describes the views of healthcare professionals on overcoming barriers of healthcare accessibility that arise from the intersecting vulnerabilities faced by patients with sickle cell disease and their families. The recommendations gathered in this report provide high-income countries with a practical resource to meet their obligations towards individual children under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.