High Vitamin Research Articles

Phytochemical and nutritional compositions of two varieties of Anacardium occidentale L

The study investigated phytochemical and nutritional composition of the two varieties of Anacardium occidentale (red and yellow varieties) apple, bark, leaves and nuts. Standard techniques were utilized to examine the samples. Phytochemicals, proximate analysis, mineral composition and vitamin content, were all determined on the samples. The obtained data from phytochemical analysis showed that in all the sixteen extracts: glycosides, flavonoids, phenol and protein were present in fifteen extracts except in acetone extract of the bark. Results of proximate analysis revealed that percentage ash contents of yellow varieties of the apple, nuts, leaves and bark had higher values of 8.54, 4.97, 3.51 and 2.51 % respectively than the red varieties. The mineral compositions of nuts, apple juice, leaves and bark from red and yellow varieties revealed highest potassium contents in the apple juice with the value of 41.28±4.31 mg. Generally, phosphorus had the highest value of 129.52±0.25 mg among the minerals studied followed by copper with a value of 61.28±0.01 mg in the nut of the red variety. The red varieties of the nut, apple, and leaves had higher vitamin C content than the yellow variety. The red varieties of the nut, apple, and leaves had higher niacin, (B3) than the yellow variety. The rich presence of these phytochemicals, minerals compositions and other nutritive values supports the use of the different parts of Anacardium occidentale in ethno-medicine and equally creates the possibility for their use in drug formulation.

Study protocol for supplementation of single high dose Vitamin D in deficient critically ill children and assessment of their short-term outcome: An open label randomized control trial

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and is classically considered to play a major role in bone metabolism and maintaining Calcium and phosphorus equilibrium. With progressing research, other roles of Vitamin D are surfacing. The pleotropic functions of Vitamin D regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In critically ill children, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor outcomes in the form of increased PICU stay, increased duration of mechanical ventilation, higher rate of Ventilator Associated Pneumonias, increased incidence of sepsis, higher intensive care scores and increased incidence of end organ dysfunction. With this background, we aim to conduct an open label Randomized Control Trial to study the short-term outcome of Vitamin D deficient critically ill children after supplementation of a single high dose oral Vitamin D. This will be an open label randomized control trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital in central India. Children aged 1 month to 18 years, admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit with Serum Vitamin D level less than 20 ng/dL will be the study group. These children will be randomized into two groups as per the computer-generated randomization. Group A will receive standard treatment protocol with 10,000 IU/Kg to 400,000 IU (maximum) Vitamin D via mouth or nasogastric tube, whereas Group B will receive standard treatment protocol. Urinary calcium-creatinine ratio will be done on day 3 in Group A to check for hypervitaminosis D. The outcome of both the groups will be assessed. All the data will be added to a Microsoft Excel sheet. Results and interpretation will be determined on the basis of the obtained observation. Trial registration: CTRI/2022/10/046556.

Enhancing the qualitative and nutritional properties of strawberry juice through chitosan treatment

SummaryStrawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) belongs to the Rosaceae family. The fruit is very beneficial, with a delicious taste, attractive colour, and high vitamin and mineral content. The effect of chitosan on juice's transparency and phytochemical properties from the Camarosa cultivar was evaluated. Using chitosan as a clarifying agent for strawberry juice significantly reduced turbidity, phenolic content, flavonoids, protein and antioxidant properties. In contrast, the quantity of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, folate, vitamin C, anthocyanin and carbohydrates showed no significant changes. Changes were also observed in the colour‐related parameters of the juice. In order to assess potential contamination in strawberry fruit, the levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues were analysed separately using ICP and GC–MS techniques. There was a significant reduction in the levels of Cu, As, Co, Pb and Cd in strawberry juice after treatment with chitosan. Reducing heavy metals in fruit juice using chitosan helps improve the fruit juice's safety, nutritional properties and health benefits. It can be posited that chitosan affords the production of a more nutritious and healthier fruit juice as compared to natural strawberry fruit. Using chitosan as a clarifying agent produces a juice with extraordinary clarity, improves the safety, health benefits and nutritional value, and produces a consumer‐friendly product.

Effect of high dose vitamin D3 on the HIV-1 reservoir: A pilot randomised controlled trial

IntroductionAntiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV-1 must be taken lifelong due to the persistence of latent virus in long-lived and proliferating CD4+ T cells. Vitamin D3 is a steroidal gene transcription regulator which exerts diverse effects on immune and epithelial cells including reductions in CD4+ T cell proliferation and improvement in gut barrier integrity. We hypothesised that a high dose of vitamin D3 would reduce the size of the HIV-1 reservoir by reducing CD4+ T cell proliferation. MethodsWe performed a randomised placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effect of 24 weeks of vitamin D3 (10,000 international units per day) on the HIV-1 reservoir and immunologic parameters in 30 adults on antiretroviral therapy; participants were followed for 12 weeks post-treatment. The primary endpoint was the effect on total HIV-1 DNA at week 24. Parameters were assessed using mixed-effects models. ResultsWe found no effect of vitamin D3 on the change in total HIV-1 DNA from week 0 to week 24 relative to placebo. There were also no changes in integrated HIV-1 DNA, 2-long-terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles or cell-associated HIV-1 RNA. Vitamin D3 induced a significant increase in the proportion of central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, a reduction in the proportion of senescent CD8+ T cells and a reduction in the natural killer cell frequency at all time points including week 36, 12 weeks after the study drug cessation. At week 36, there was a significant reduction in total HIV-1 DNA relative to placebo and persistently elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. No significant safety issues were identified. ConclusionsVitamin D3 administration had a significant impact on the T cell differentiation but overall effects on the HIV-1 reservoir were limited and a reduction in HIV-1 DNA was only seen following cessation of the study drug. Additional studies are required to determine whether the dose and duration of vitamin D3 can be optimised to promote a continued depletion of the HIV-1 reservoir over time. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03426592.

Pharmacologic Ascorbate and DNMT Inhibitors Increase DUOX Expression and Peroxide-Mediated Toxicity in Pancreatic Cancer.

Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for vitamin C in the epigenetic regulation of cancer-related genes via DNA demethylation by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) reverses this, increasing DNA methylation and decreasing gene expression. Dual oxidase (DUOX) enzymes produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in normal pancreatic tissue but are silenced in pancreatic cancer (PDAC). Treatment of PDAC with pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-, intravenous, high dose vitamin C) increases DUOX expression. We hypothesized that inhibiting DNMT may act synergistically with P-AscH- to further increase DUOX expression and cytotoxicity of PDAC. PDAC cells demonstrated dose-dependent increases in DUOX mRNA and protein expression when treated with DNMT inhibitors. PDAC cells treated with P-AscH- + DNMT inhibitors demonstrated increased DUOX expression, increased intracellular oxidation, and increased cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo compared to either treatment alone. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic, epigenetic mechanism to treat PDAC.

Association of bisphenol A with 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D levels and 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D ratio in cord blood.

The aim was to investigate the association between bisphenol A (BPA), 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], and 1α,25 dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels in the cord blood of newborn babies. BPA was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and vitamin D levels by commercial ELISA or ECLIA kits. BPA and Vitamin D levels were grouped according to tertile values. In the cord blood, the median 25(OH)D level was 14.9ng/mL (IQR: 8.5-20.8) and median 1,25(OH)2D level was 53.3pg/dL (IQR: 42.3-98.4). 25(OH)D levels were < 20ng/mL in 76.5% of the babies. BPA was detectable in 72.4% of the cord blood samples; median BPA level was 1.57ng/mL (IQR: < DL-4.05ng/mL). Frequencies of vitamin D deficiency and frequencies of cases having the highest tertile active vitamin D levels were similar in groups of BPA tertiles in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In conclusion, both BPA exposure and insufficient vitamin D transfer via cord blood are common in newborns. Bisphenol A levels were not correlated with vitamin D levels in cord blood of healthy mother-fetus pairs.

Parasitic, bacterial, viral, immune-mediated, metabolic and nutritional factors associated with nodding syndrome.

Nodding syndrome is a neglected, disabling and potentially fatal epileptic disorder of unknown aetiology affecting thousands of individuals mostly confined to Eastern sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have identified multiple associations-including Onchocerca volvulus, antileiomodin-1 antibodies, vitamin B6 deficiency and measles virus infection-yet, none is proven causal. We conducted a case-control study of children with early-stage nodding syndrome (symptom onset <1 year). Cases and controls were identified through a household survey in the Greater Mundri area in South Sudan. A wide range of parasitic, bacterial, viral, immune-mediated, metabolic and nutritional risk factors was investigated using conventional and state-of-the-art untargeted assays. Associations were examined by multiple logistic regression analysis, and a hypothetical causal model was constructed using structural equation modelling. Of 607 children with nodding syndrome, 72 with early-stage disease were included as cases and matched to 65 household- and 44 community controls. Mansonella perstans infection (odds ratio 7.04, 95% confidence interval 2.28-21.7), Necator americanus infection (odds ratio 2.33, 95% confidence interval 1.02-5.3), higher antimalarial seroreactivity (odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.20-2.57), higher vitamin E concentration (odds ratio 1.53 per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.19) and lower vitamin B12 concentration (odds ratio 0.56 per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval 0.36-0.87) were associated with higher odds of nodding syndrome. In a structural equation model, we hypothesized that Mansonella perstans infection, higher vitamin E concentration and fewer viral exposures increased the risk of nodding syndrome while lower vitamin B12 concentration, Necator americanus and malaria infections resulted from having nodding syndrome. We found no evidence that Onchocerca volvulus, antileiomodin-1 antibodies, vitamin B6 and other factors were associated with nodding syndrome. Our results argue against several previous causal hypotheses including Onchocerca volvulus. Instead, nodding syndrome may be caused by a complex interplay between multiple pathogens and nutrient levels. Further studies need to confirm these associations and determine the direction of effect.

Safety Evaluation on Antinutritional, Bacterial Properties with Sensory Acceptability of Processed Shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa) Pulp Juice

The processing of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) pulp juice plays a crucial role in its nutritional and sensory attributes, as well as its bacterial composition. This study aims to investigate the antinutritional factors, sensory properties, and microbial activity in processed Shea pulp juice. The study utilized various analytical methods, including proximate analysis, sensory evaluation, and microbial analysis. The findings provide valuable insights into the nutritional quality, taste profile, and microbial composition of Shea pulp juice after processing. The nutritional analysis revealed a substantial amount of moisture of 84.39 to 93.01%, as well as high carbohydrate and caloric values of 5.84 to 8.96% and 33.51 to 67.31%, respectively. It also had a high vitamin C concentration (16.45 - 38.99%). The anti-nutritional analysis shows the presence of phytate (42.80±1.42mg), and oxalate (0.42±0.22mg), it was also found to be very high in tannin (338.80± 1.36mg). Saponin has a low content of 16.59±0.14mg and Cyanide had the lowest quantity (13.23±0.13). Cyanide, oxalate, and phytate concentrations were found to be lower than the reference toxic standard level. In terms of sensory evaluation, all samples were accepted favorably with Sample A and B most preferable to C. This research contributes to the understanding of Shea pulp juice as a potential food source and highlights the importance of optimizing processing techniques to enhance its beneficial properties.

Maternal vitamin D–related metabolome and offspring risk of asthma outcomes

Gestational vitamin D deficiency is implicated in development of respiratory diseases in offspring, but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unknown. We sought to study the link between gestational vitamin D exposure and childhood asthma phenotypes using maternal blood metabolomics profiling. Untargeted blood metabolic profiles were acquired using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at 1 week postpartum from 672 women in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 (COPSAC2010) mother-child cohort and at pregnancy weeks 32 to 38 from 779 women in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) mother-child cohort. In COPSAC2010, we employed multivariate models and pathway enrichment analysis to identify metabolites and pathways associated with gestational vitamin D blood levels and investigated their relationship with development of asthma phenotypes in early childhood. The findings were validated in VDAART and in cellular models. In COPSAC2010, higher vitamin D blood levels at 1 week postpartum were associated with distinct maternal metabolome perturbations with significant enrichment of the sphingomyelin pathway (P< .01). This vitamin D-related maternal metabolic profile at 1 week postpartum containing 46 metabolites was associated with decreased risk of recurrent wheeze (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.92 [95% CI 0.86-0.98], P= .01) and wheeze exacerbations (HR= 0.90 [95% CI 0.84-0.97], P= .01) at ages 0 to 3 years. The same metabolic profile was similarly associated with decreased risk of asthma/wheeze at ages 0 to 3 in VDAART (odds ratio= 0.92 [95% CI 0.85-0.99], P= .04). Human bronchial epithelial cells treated with high-dose vitamin D3 showed an increased cytoplasmic sphingolipid level (P< .01). This exploratory metabolomics study in 2 independent birth cohorts demonstrates that the beneficial effect of higher gestational vitamin D exposure on offspring respiratory health is characterized by specific maternal metabolic alterations during pregnancy, which involves the sphingomyelin pathway.

No Significant Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response after COVID-19 Vaccination in Nursing Home Residents and Staff.

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for various physiological functions, including immunity. While it has been suggested that higher vitamin D levels/supplementation are associated with a better immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, conflicting data exist. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency/supplementation, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-vaccination in nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS). Blood samples were collected from 115 NHRs and 254 NHS at baseline and 14 days after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination. Baseline samples were assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, while follow-up samples were analyzed for spike protein S1 receptor-binding domain (S1RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and 50% pseudoneutralization titers. Vitamin D supplementation status was obtained from NHRs medical records. We compared immune responses between (severe) vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient NHRs/NHS and between supplemented and non-supplemented NHRs, stratified for history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and participant type. No significant differences in either binding or neutralizing COVID-19 vaccine antibody response were found between groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 45% (95% CI: 36-54%) among NHRs and 60% (95% CI: 54-66%) among NHS. Although we showed that vitamin D status may not be related to a better COVID-19 vaccine antibody response, addressing the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the nursing home population remains important.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Extracts as Potential Radioprotective Agents: Relation to Their Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity

Ionising radiation is an important form of treatment for human cancer; however, the side effects associated with oxidative damage caused by radiation compromise its effectiveness. This work aimed to quantify the major bioactive components of freeze-dried kiwifruit (KD) and strawberry (SD) extracts and assess their potential efficacy as radioprotective agents in human blood lymphocytes. Their possible genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were also evaluated. The study was conducted by pre-treating human lymphocytes with KD and SD (50, 400, and 800 µg/mL) before radiation at 2 Gy. The results showed that SD presented a higher antioxidant capacity (12.6 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g db) and higher values of total phenolic compounds (2435 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g db), while KD had the highest vitamin C content (322 mg ascorbic acid/100 g db). Regarding phenolic compounds, pelargonidin-3-glucoside was the most abundant in SD (1439 mg/1000 g db) and quercetin-3-O-galactoside in KD (635 mg/1000 g db). None of the tested concentrations of both fruit extracts showed a genotoxic effect. SD (800 µg/mL) reduced the sister chromatid exchange frequency and mitotic index. The efficacy of KD (400 and 800 µg/mL) in lowering the dicentric chromosome frequency demonstrated its radioprotective activity.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of Dragon Fruit Peels Methanolic Extract

Diarrhea is a global major health problem reported by 2.5 billion cases annually. Diarrhea accounts for 9% of child death worldwide or the second leading cause of death among toddlers. Many local people have used traditional medicine for diarrhea therapy. Dragon fruit is a herbal plant with high vitamins and various nutritious compounds. Therefore, this study determined antidiarrheal activity from dragon fruit peel methanolic extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This study was experimental with in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model used disc diffusion and microdilution assay against the diarrhea-causing pathogen (Escherichia coli). Meanwhile, the in vivo model used male Wistar rats induced by Castro oil. This study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) of dragon fruit peel extract against Escherichia coli were 50 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The increased dose of dragon fruit peel methanol extract has increased the antidiarrheal index. The highest and lowest antidiarrheal index was found in the dragon fruit methanol extract-3 (76.56%) and dragon fruit methanol extract-1 (43.28%). The dragon fruit peel methanol extract can be proposed as antidiarrhea and antibacterial therapy against the diarrhea-causing pathogen.

Intervention Approaches in Studying the Response to Vitamin D3 Supplementation.

Vitamin D intervention studies are designed to evaluate the impact of the micronutrient vitamin D3 on health and disease. The appropriate design of studies is essential for their quality, successful execution, and interpretation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the "gold standard" for intervention studies. However, the most recent large-scale (up to 25,000 participants), long-term RCTs involving vitamin D3 did not provide any statistically significant primary results. This may be because they are designed similarly to RCTs of a therapeutic drug but not of a nutritional compound and that only a limited set of parameters per individual were determined. We propose an alternative concept using the segregation of study participants into different groups of responsiveness to vitamin D3 supplementation and in parallel measuring a larger set of genome-wide parameters over multiple time points. This is in accordance with recently developed mechanistic modeling approaches that do not require a large number of study participants, as in the case of statistical modeling of the results of a RCT. Our experience is based on the vitamin D intervention trials VitDmet, VitDbol, and VitDHiD, which allowed us to distinguish the study participants into high, mid, and low vitamin D responders. In particular, investigating the vulnerable group of low vitamin D responders will provide future studies with more conclusive results both on the clinical and molecular benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation. In conclusion, our approach suggests a paradigm shift towards detailed investigations of transcriptome and epigenome-wide parameters of a limited set of individuals, who, due to a longitudinal design, can act as their own controls.

Selection assessment of varieties and selected forms of black currant based on large fruit size

The article presents research findings on the weight of black currant berries. The research focused on the varieties and selected forms of black currant (Ribes nigrum L). Nara variety, adapted to local conditions, was used as a control. Studies were carried out in 2020–2022 at the plots for genetic collection and competitive trials of selected forms of black currants at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin (Bryansk region). The planting scheme involved a spacing of 3×0.8 m on grey forest soils. The observations were carried out using conventional methods. The varying weather conditions during the study period allowed for a more objective evaluation of the genotypes in terms of their adaptive capabilities and facilitated the selection of large-fruited and resistant forms. The most favourable meteorological conditions for berry weight development were observed in 2022. During this period, the average berry weight of the studied gene pool was 2.5 g. Among the examined varieties, Dobrynya (3.5 g), Debryansk (2.7 g), Chara (2.6 g) and Selechenskaya 2 (2.6 g) demonstrated the largest berry sizes with variation coefficients of 20%, 28%, 7%, and 17%, respectively. Large-fruited forms having an average berry weight exceeding 3 g and high stability (V=3%) were selected from the hybrid family 6-12- 224×6-26-207 – 7-3-227 (3.6 g), 7-3-213 (3.4 g), 7-19-100 (3.6 g) and Selechenskaya 2×Treasure – 6-20-67 (3.5 g). These genotypes represent valuable parent material for further breeding aimed at increasing berry weight. New large-fruited sources with a combination of important breeding traits (large fruit, high vitamin C content, resistance to powdery mildew and bud mite), namely,7-19-100, 7-3-227, 7-18-250, 7-13-232 and 7-17-150, were identified. The variety Dessert Olkhina exhibited the smallest berries (0.8 g) with a variability of 20%. The influence of weather conditions on the weight of berries was established, revealing a positive average correlation between berry weight and precipitation levels from May to July (r=0.52) and the hydrothermal index of the growing season (r=0.56).

Oxidative defense mechanisms of proline on growth, nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities in water-stressed Solanum aethiopicum L.

The growth performance of vegetables is influenced by water availability. This study explored the use of proline as an osmoregulator on growth, nutritional compositions and oxidative enzyme activities in water-stressed Solanum aethiopicum. Seedlings of the vegetable were subjected to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% proline against droughted and well-watered. Morphological and physiological characters, nutritional compositions and oxidative activities were determined in the vegetable. Plant height (20.37 cm), number of leaves (35.75 cm), Leaf area (347.55 m2), specific leaf area (72.02 m2 g-1), leaf area index (0.71 m2 m-2) relative growth rate (0.21 mg g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (0.058 mg g-1 day-1) and leaf area ratio (0.19 m2 g-1) were higher in S. aethiopicum seedlings sprayed with 100% proline. Crude fat (0.11%), ash (1.57%), crude fibre (1.49%), crude protein (2.44%) and carbohydrate (3.50%) were higher in the leaves of the vegetable sprayed with 100% proline. Higher vitamin A (84.21 mg/100 g), vitamin B3 (0.56 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (10.97 mg/100 g) were observed in the leaves of the vegetable under 100% proline. Furthermore, sodium (8.93 mg/100 g), potassium (402.20 mg/100 g), calcium (121.55 mg/100 g) and magnesium (58.80 mg/100 g) were recorded in the leaves of well-watered. Higher SOD (0.88 mg g-1), APX (0.95 mg g-1), CAT (0.98 mg g-1), GR (0.96 ug g-1) and GST (14.52 mg g-1) were observed in the roots of S. aethiopicum droughted. Although all the proline levels sustained growth components, nutritional compositions and oxidative enzymes of S. aethiopicum under water stress, however, 100% proline produced better ameliorative effects.

Bergamot juice powder with high bioactive properties: Spray-drying for the preservation of antioxidant activity and ultrasound-assisted extraction for enhanced phenolic compound extraction.

The spray-drying process yielded functional bergamot juice powder with high antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and vitamin C content. Optimal drying conditions were determined as 10% maltodextrin concentration, 146.02°C inlet temperature, and 39.99% pump rate, preserving powder's bioactive properties. Under these drying conditions, bergamot juice powder exhibited an antioxidant activity of 62.2% DPPH scavenging activity, a total phenolic content of 3862.1ppm, and a vitamin C content of 1385.9ppm. The bergamot juice powder, with a water activity of 0.2, bulk density of 0.4g/mL, tapped density of 0.5g/mL, porosity of 89.6%, hygroscopicity of 8.6%, and cohesiveness of 37.2%, is highly suitable for further processing. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of major phenolic compounds in both fresh bergamot juice and spray-dried powder, although their concentrations were lower in the powder form. The major phenolics identified in the fruit juice were naringin (197.5ppm), eriocitrin (105.9ppm), neoeriocitrin (53.4ppm), neohesperidin (68.8ppm), and naringenin (119.8ppm). However, in the powder form, the bitterness-associated compounds, naringin and neohesperidin, exhibited a significant reduction of 85.0% and 90.3%, respectively. Compared to dimethyl sulfoxide (48.4%), ethanol (37.9%), and distilled water (17.3%), ultrasound-assisted extraction with acetone solvent demonstrated the highest efficiency (61.7%) in obtaining phenolic compounds from bergamot juice powder. In conclusion, spray-drying is an effective method for obtaining functional bergamot juice powder, and ultrasound-assisted extraction can further enhance phenolic compound extraction efficiency. These findings have potential applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, with opportunities for further research in functional foods or nutraceuticals. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Spray-drying yields functional bergamot juice powder with high bioactive properties. Optimal drying conditions can be applied in industrial settings. Ultrasound-assisted extraction enhances phenolic compound extraction efficiency. Potential applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Interaction between micronutrients and lipid profile in prediabetes and diabetes among school-aged children (5–9 y) in India

ObjectivesLipids and micronutrients play a major role in the pathophysiology of diabetes, and several studies have established the association between lipids and diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between lipid profile and micronutrient status with different prediabetes and diabetes diagnosis criteria among school-aged children in India. MethodsThe data used in this study was from Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey conducted in India from 2016 to 2018. Glycosylated hemoglobin values and fasting blood glucose were used to classify normal, prediabetes, and diabetes. The interaction analysis between the lipid profile and eight micronutrients was conducted using multiple logistic regression analyses, and the predicted probabilities were determined. ResultsAmong micronutrients, the highest deficiency was observed for hemoglobin (27%), and in the lipid profile, triacylglycerol was high in 34% of children. The interaction between high total cholesterol and vitamin B12 deficiency showed the highest average probability for prediabetes (66%). The highest average probability for diabetes was observed from the interaction between normal high-density lipoprotein and vitamin A deficiency (3%). ConclusionThe interaction between micronutrients and lipids suggests complex multidimensional pathways involving folate, vitamin B12, ferritin, zinc, hemoglobin, and iodine deficiencies. These interactions should be considered when planning diabetes management strategies.

Lipid Composition Analysis and Characterization of Acyl Sterol Glycosides in Adzuki and Soybean Cultivars by Non-Targeted LC-MS.

Beans, a globally significant economic and nutritional food crop, are rich in polyphenolic chemicals with potential health advantages, providing high protein, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. However, studies on the global profiling of lipids in beans are limited. We applied a non-targeted lipidomic approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) to comprehensively profile and compare the lipids in six distinct bean cultivars, namely, adzuki red beans-adzuki cultivar (ARB-AC), adzuki red beans-Benidainagon cultivar (ARB-BC), adzuki red beans-Erimoshouzu cultivar (ARB-EC), soybean-Fukuyutaka cultivar 2021 (SB-FC21), soybean-Fukuyutaka cultivar 2022 (SB-FC22), and soybean-Oosuzu cultivar (SB-OC). MS/MS analysis defined 144 molecular species from four main lipid groups. Multivariate principal component analysis indicated unique lipid compositions in the cultivars except for ARB-BC and ARB-EC. Evaluation of the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio among all the cultivars showed that SB-FC21 and SB-FC22 had the highest value, suggesting they are the most beneficial for health. Furthermore, lipids such as acyl sterol glycosides were detected and characterized for the first time in these bean cultivars. Hierarchical cluster correlations revealed the predominance of ceramides in ARB-EC, lysophospholipids in SB-FC21, and glycerophospholipids in SB-OC. This study comprehensively investigated lipids and their compositions in beans, indicating their potential utility in the nutritional evaluation of beans as functional foods.

Review on Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Seed Yield and Quality of Pulses

Pulses are also known as food utilised as legumes; they have been grown by humans for a very long time and are considered to be the meat of the poor due to their high protein, vitamin, carbohydrate, and mineral content. Seed is a fundamental component of agriculture and a crucial ingredient. The growth of the plants from sowing to harvest in pulses, such as soybean, redgram, cowpea, pea and moong depends on a number of elements including soil, nutrients, climate and the efficiency of agricultural operations. An integrated nutrient management method that maintains a healthy ecosystem while decreasing pollution is required to maintain good soil health and safeguard the environment from fertiliser pollution "Integrated Nutrient Management" (INM) describes the upkeep. The organic manures Farm yard manure (FYM, vermicompost and poultry manure etc.) increase crop yields either by acceleration of respiratory process by cell permeability or by hormone action. Rhizobium and Trichoderma) are living microorganisms when applied to seeds it colonize the rhizosphere (root zone of plants) or the interior parts of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Fixes atmospheric Nitrogen symbiotically in french bean, soybean, cowpea and chickpea etc.

VTE1 and VTE3 Gene Expression During Vitamin E Production in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Treated with Different Fertilization.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Sunflower is one of the important commodities in agriculture. The oil content in sunflower seeds has been widely used as cooking oil, but in Indonesia, the utilization of this oil is still relatively low. In addition, sunflowers also contain vitamin E which is useful as an antioxidant, so it can be used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine gene expression at the RNA level towards vitamin E biosynthesis using different fertilization treatments. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Sunflowers that had been given different fertilizers were taken in three flowering phases, R3, R5 and R8. Flower samples were isolated until RNA was obtained. The isolation results were tested using real-time PCR to determine the relative gene expression of the &lt;i&gt;VTE1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;VTE3&lt;/i&gt; genes. After the sunflower seeds were fully ripe, vitamin E content was tested in each treatment and the results were compared with the relative gene expression obtained. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The results obtained were fluctuating, but in general, the relative gene expression obtained in the &lt;i&gt;VTE1&lt;/i&gt; gene increased in the R3 phase and then decreased in the R5 and R8 phases. Whereas, in the &lt;i&gt;VTE3&lt;/i&gt; gene, the relative gene expression obtained experienced an increase in the R3 and R5 phases and then decreased in the R8 phase. The highest vitamin E content was obtained by sample P3 (4218 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) and the lowest was obtained by sample P2 (1798 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A balanced ratio of 92:46:30 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; of major nutrient fertilizer involving N, P and K could increase vitamin E content in sunflowers. Such a combination exhibited stable expression of the &lt;i&gt;VTE1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;VTE3&lt;/i&gt; genes in all phases of flowering.