High Unemployment Research Articles

Developing an Entrepreneurial Mindset in Youth: Investigating Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy among Students of Pringsewu Business Management Vocational School

The objective of this research is to investigate the Locus of Control and Self Efficacy among students in developing their entrepreneurial mindset in their Youth. Unemployment and poverty remain significant issues faced by the people of Indonesia both currently and in the coming years. The persistent high unemployment rate in Indonesia continues to be a pervasive problem. This study used a quantitative research design, employing both exogenous and endogenous variables, as well as moderator variables that either strengthen or weaken the relationship between the variables. The research was conducted at Vocational High School (SMK) in Pringsewu Regency during the 2023/2024 academic year's even semester. The study's population consisted of all class XI students majoring in business management at vocational schools across Pringsewu Regency, with a total of 114 students at each school. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula, with a population of 89 students and a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that research was conducted on 73 students who obtained the results that locus of control had an effect on entrepreneurial intentions as seen in the tcount for the variable locus of control (X1) of 2.993 > ttable (1.667) with a probability value (sig.) of 0.004 < 0.05 with Thus, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the locus of control variable (X1) has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions (Y). Self-efficacy influences entrepreneurial intentions as seen in the tcount for the self-efficacy variable (X2) of 4.132 > ttable (1.667) with a probability value (sig.) of 0.000 < 0.05, thus H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the self-efficacy variable (X2) has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions (Y).

The Efficacy of the Sensorimotor Training Program on Sensorimotor Development, Auditory and Visual Skills of Schoolchildren Aged 5–8 Years

Abstract Background Around 800 million young children worldwide have cognitive-developmental limitations due to issues related to biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors. These problems lead to educational challenges, limited skill development, and higher unemployment rates. Therefore, timely interventions addressing the underlying problems in institutional settings are critically important. Objective The authors created the “Sensorimotor Training Program” (STP) as a critical intervention to develop skills essential for starting school. This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of the STP in an institutional setting, targeting the specific auditory and visual skills crucial for kindergarten and primary school learning. Methods The STP comprises 120 training sessions focused on sensorimotor maturation. Seven hundred and seventy-two children aged 5–8 participated in the study, with 704 in the experimental and 68 in the control group, each containing a relatively balanced ratio of boys to girls. The study spanned six to eight months, with three to five weekly sessions. Results The intervention resulted in significant improvements in sensorimotor development in the experimental compared to the control group [p < .001, effect size (d) = .483; auditory skills r = .605 p < .001, d = .366; visual skills r = .542, p < .001, d = .294]. The intervention group also improved compared to its baseline measurements. Conclusion These results show that implementing the STP in school settings can improve sensorimotor development, impacting auditory and visual skills in children aged 5–8. These intervention-based improvements are above and beyond biological maturation.

The Impact Armed Conflict on Economic Growth and Sustainability in South Sudan

Purpose: The study aimed to explore the multifaceted impact of armed conflict on economic growth and sustainability in South Sudan. It sought to understand how the conflict has hindered the country's development and prosperity by examining the complex relationship between armed conflict and economic decline. Methodology: A qualitative approach was utilized, employing thematic analysis to gather and analyze data from various sources, including reports by international organizations such as the World Bank, IMF, and UN, as well as government publications and peer-reviewed journals. This method identified key themes and trends related to the economic impact of the conflict. Findings: The study revealed that the prolonged armed conflict in South Sudan has severely compromised economic stability. Key findings include the destruction of infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals, which impeded economic activities, disrupted supply chains, and increased transportation costs, with rebuilding costs exceeding USD 1 billion. The conflict resulted in significant loss of life, injuries, and displacement, reducing the available workforce and diminishing productivity, leading to an estimated annual economic loss of USD 4 billion. The displacement of over 3.8 million people disrupted local economies, agricultural production, and social structures, causing economic losses of USD 2.5 billion annually due to reduced agricultural output. The conflict also led to a decline in GDP, high unemployment rates, and unsustainable economic practices, with the economy's dependence on oil exports increasing vulnerability to price fluctuations and disruptions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends prioritizing the restoration and rebuilding of critical infrastructure to revive economic activities and supply chains. It also suggests the implementation of policies to support displaced populations, enhance agricultural productivity, and diversify the economy away from oil dependency to reduce vulnerability. The study contributes to theory by providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between conflict and economic decline, and it offers practical insights for policymakers and international organizations on the necessary interventions to foster economic recovery and sustainable development in post-conflict settings. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of comprehensive peacebuilding strategies that address both immediate humanitarian needs and long-term economic stabilization and growth.

Analysis of Labor Market Dynamics in Indonesia (1986-2012)

The researcher provides new evidence from Badan Pusat Statistik and International Labor Organization data on how labor market dynamics vary in labor market in Indonesia based on the ILO publication, 17 Key Indicators of the Labor Market 2015, which shows statistics on the main indicators in the dynamics of the labor market. Result shows that In Indonesia, the LFPR (Labor Force Participation Rate) for young people (15-19) is relatively low and reaches a peak among men (20-29) and then begins to decline substantially for older people (60+). Japan, as a developed country that is still in the Asian region, has a 2017 LFPR of 60.21%, this is because LFPR is the percentage of the labor force to the working age population. The total population of Indonesia aged 15 years and over is higher than Japan. In Indonesia, based on the number of people working in the sector, for the period 1986 to 2016, the agricultural sector is the most volatile sector. The highest proportion of informal employment in the non-agricultural sector is experienced by those with low education and the lowest is experienced by university graduates. Compared to Laos, Thailand and Cambodia as neighboring countries and developing countries, Indonesia is the country with the highest unemployment rate. Over the period 1991 to 2017, youth unemployment rates increased sharply for both men and women. The characteristics of unemployment in Indonesia based on unemployment show that the unemployed with high education (ILO concept: Intermediate and Advanced) are higher than the unemployed with low education (basic education).

Unanticipated Money Growth and Unemployment in the Philippines

The Philippines has had high levels of unemployment for years. During the 2000s, the unemployment rate hovered between seven and ten percent.  High unemployment can have adverse effects on individuals and society. The question that this paper analyses is how unanticipated money growth affect the unemployment situation in the Philippines. There has been literature on the relationship between unanticipated growth on the money supply and unemployment. The paper proposes that only unanticipated money movements will affect real economic variables like unemployment and the output level. In order to test our hypothesis, it is important that we need to quantify the concepts of anticipated and unanticipated money movements. This paper uses time-series data on several economic variables as well as a model based on Geetha et al. (2023). Using an error-correction model, the results show that an unanticipated increase in M2 money is a factor that contributes to unemployment in Philippines.

Disposable diaper usage, disposal practices and quantity estimation in rural areas

This study aimed to describe the disposable diaper usage, disposal practices and quantity estimation in a specified rural setting within a developing, sub-Saharan country, South Africa. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used to collect primary data, which included survey research, focus group discussions, participatory thematic mapping, illegal dumping mapping and member checking. Most diapers end up within the natural receiving environment due to a lack of formalised waste management service provision. Dumping hotspots are water courses and streams. On average, each infant generates 4.47 diapers per day, while an average of 158,154 and 34,493 total diapers are generated daily within Bushbuckridge and Maruleng, respectively. High unemployment and grant-dependency rates characterise the study area, and households often spend the majority of child support grants to purchase diapers. Residents were willing to use a diaper disposal point and are not opposed to incineration. This study forms a comprehensive baseline to determine the feasibility of disposable diaper beneficiation options in rural areas.

Social Vulnerability May Underlie Racial Disparities in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Outcomes.

Black patients have disproportionately more cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and more severe disease. To better understand these disparities, we examined the geographic distribution of patients with PPCM by race and evaluated associations between race and social vulnerability. We hypothesized that Black patients with PPCM are more likely than White patients to live in socially vulnerable communities. A retrospective cohort study of patients with PPCM defined by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was conducted at a single center from January 2000 to November 2017. The US census tract for each patient was identified, and social vulnerability was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Higher SVI values represent a more vulnerable community. SVI and select subcomponents were compared by self-reported race. Among 90 patients with PPCM (47 White, 43 Black), the ejection fraction at diagnosis was similar between groups, although Black patients were more likely to have an ejection fraction of ≤40% at 6 to 12 months postpartum. Black race was associated with living in areas of greater social vulnerability; mean SVI was significantly higher among Black individuals than among White individuals (.56 versus .33, P=.0003). Black patients lived in areas with more people living in poverty, higher unemployment, and more single-parent households. Black patients with PPCM were more likely to have persistent left ventricular dysfunction and live in areas of greater social vulnerability. Strategies to achieve equitable social determinants of health are needed to improve health outcomes in Black patients with PPCM.

Associations of Symptoms of ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Adolescence With Occupational Outcomes and Incomes in Adulthood.

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of ADHD and ODD symptoms in adolescence with occupational outcomes and incomes in adulthood within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). ADHD symptoms were evaluated at ages 15 to 16 years using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviors (SWAN) scale. ODD symptoms were assessed using a 7-point scale, like the SWAN assessment. Symptoms of ADHD and ADHD + ODD were associated with elevated rates of unemployment, increased sick days, and lower annual incomes compared to controls for both sexes. Symptoms of ODD were associated with higher unemployment and more sick days for males, although these associations did not reach statistical significance in their association with annual incomes. Symptoms of ADHD were associated with adverse occupational outcomes and lower incomes. Furthermore, symptoms of ODD were associated with occupational outcomes but not with incomes.

Disability inclusion in workplaces, firm performance, and reputation

Despite the existence of laws on reserve quotas for people with disabilities (PwD), this group continues to experience high unemployment rates and social exclusion. This research has aimed to empirically analyze the influence of the hiring of PwD on the performance and reputation of the firm. We have carried out a quantitative study of European companies to highlight the value and benefits that these workers can bring, and thus overcome prejudices and stereotypes of employers that consider them problematic or unproductive. Our longitudinal research demonstrates that the hiring of PwD contributes positively to the performance and reputation of the firm, helping companies obtain competitive advantages and acting as a brand for the firm. This study gives rise to theoretical, managerial, practical, and political implications.

Features of Funding Rural Communities and Territories Development Financed by EU Common Budget

This publication substantiates European approaches to financial support for the sustainable development of rural communities and territories. The current state of financial support for the sustainable development of rural communities in the EU is identified using such methods as financial analysis, system analysis, content analysis, case studies, abstract and logical analysis, international policy analysis, etc. It is argued that budgetary policy is the main instrument of influence on the social and economic spheres of life of the EU member states, which determines their own resources (revenues) and influences the eligibility conditions and criteria for the allocation of funds for each expenditure programme. It is proved that by determining the directions of budgetary financing, the joint budget reflects the EU's political priorities. It is established that rural areas cover the majority of the EU territory, and a significant part of the EU population lives in rural areas. It is emphasised that the key challenges of rural settlements are demographic changes, insufficient access to transport and digital infrastructure, high unemployment, dependence of the economy on agricultural production, low income of rural residents, limited access to social services, etc. It is emphasised that structural funds and member states' national budgets actively finance rural communities' development. Funding depends on the type of territory, the direction of funding, and national development strategies. It is substantiated that the application of an integrated approach to solving the problems of rural communities in the EU, which involves cooperation at all levels - from the European to the local level, efficient use of financial resources, introduction of innovations, development of infrastructure and support for local initiatives, contributes to the creation of favourable conditions for sustainable development of rural communities and improvement of the quality of life of their residents.

Retirement and unemployment as an opportunity for use and social interaction in urban public spaces / Jubilación y desempleo como oportunidad de uso e interacción social en los espacios públicos urbanos

Demographic changes, associated with longer life expectancy and a lower birth rate, have led to population ageing in societies. There is also a high rate of unemployment linked to job insecurity, temporary employment, school drop-out rates and overqualification, among others. These phenomena have generated a new social challenge. This research paper, based on a sample of 259 people, aims to analyse the extent to which socio-occupational status influences the use of public spaces (parks and squares) and users’ perceptions about the possibilities of contact promoted by different public spaces and the quality of relationships with other users. Findings indicate that there are differences depending on socio-occupational status with regard to the perception of social relations and frequency of use. In particular, unemployed and retired people use urban public spaces to a greater extent, and they also show a more positive perception of the possibilities of contact in public spaces and the quality of relationships.

HARNESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES IDENTIFICATION IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL CREATION AND GROWTH IN NIGERIA

This paper discussed opportunities identification in Library and Information Science (LIS) for entrepreneurial creation and growth in Nigeria. The paper was gathered from secondary sources of information which were obtained from text books, journals articles, online sources etc. It highlighted entrepreneurial opportunities in LIS, opportunity identification processes, factors influence business opportunity identification, source of fund and entrepreneurial creation and growth. These will however contribute to the increase of identification of an ideas and subsequent creation of new businesses by LIS graduate to become self-reliant. However, entrepreneurship is acknowledged as a crucial element in reducing poverty and providing a remedy for the high rate of unemployment in our nation since it creates jobs and adds value to society through innovation. Nigerian government cannot provide job for all graduate after graduation, therefore there is need for library and information graduate to have the knowledge and skills on how to become self-reliant.

The link between social grants and employment in South Africa

ABSTRACT We analyse the link between means-tested social grants and employment in South Africa, where social grant expenditure is relatively large amid persistently high unemployment. Using a large panel household survey spanning a decade, we find that the recipients of both old-age and disability grants are less in employment, which is intended by the social program and consistent with the literature. However, among indirect grant recipients (those in the same households as direct grant recipients), younger members typically have lower employment prospects than other indirect recipients. There could be various explanation for this finding, including that the youth are more discouraged from seeking jobs, face larger constraints in the labour market, or have less job opportunities.

The Ravaging Effects of Online Gambling on The Social Functioning of Male Breadwinners In African Families

This systematic review examines the ravaging effects of online gambling on the social functioning of male breadwinners in African families. Online gambling negatively impacts the social functioning of male breadwinners in African families. The researcher realized that online gambling among male African breadwinners leads to habitual neglect of the family and deterioration in socialization. As a result, the way African families function socially is often changed negatively by the male gambler's behaviour. Additionally, because these men are seen as the heads of the families and superiors in their communities, families are further burdened as they fear confronting the situation. The researcher adopted the PRISMA methods for this paper. Based on their excellent reputation and strong recommendations, the researcher used the following scientific search databases to gather data for this study: Google Scholar; Taylor and Francis; Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. The researcher gathered 23 peer-reviewed journal articles, published between 2011 and 2024, and verified them after screening to ensure the study's eminence. Online gambling is growing daily across the globe, particularly in African continents. Some families rely on online gambling for survival due to the poverty rate and high unemployment among African communities. Male breadwinners are opting for online gambling to support their families financially despite its addictive nature and lack of monitoring in many parts of Africa. Because online gambling is so addictive, some male breadwinners find that they spend less time with their families, being more focused on gaming. This study is pivotal as it creates awareness in African continents about the ravaging effects of online gambling among male breadwinners. This study can be further expanded by focusing on African continents, especially in South Africa, where online gaming has been recorded as high in the past few years among males.

Employment in personal subsidiary farm: ethnic and regional features (the case of Khakassia)

Employment in a personal subsidiary farm (PSF), aimed at providing products for own subsistence, becomes an alternative to job for hire in conditions of high unemployment in rural areas. At the same time, the role of personal subsidiary farms varies in differing climatic, economic and socio-cultural conditions. The purpose of the article is to compare the practices of personal subsidiary farms in multiethnic region of Khakassia in order to identify the ethnoregional features of household farmsteads. Surveyed ethnic groups (566 respondents) are living in Russians, Khakass and Shors rural areas. Khakass people turned out to be the most active in the management of personal economy, the Shors were the least involved, and the Russians occupy a “middle” position. The differentiation of household plots is due to the fact that the motives for farming among these ethnic groups are not the same. Russians are engaged in economic activities mainly to provide themselves with food, although many of them just like this activity. The value of land and livestock is high for Khakass people and Shors, but most of them lead personal subsidiary farming rather as a habit.

Spatial Big Data Analytics of Inequity in Access to Live Music Among Disadvantaged Populations

In recent years, music cities around the world have developed various supportive policy frameworks ensuring live music is accessible to large populations. The question of whether live music is equitably distributed by socioeconomic status remains unanswered, however. This study investigated the accessibility of music events in socially and economically disadvantaged communities. The level of accessible concerts varies substantially across U.S. counties, revealing significant inequity in access to concerts. Almost 80 percent of concerts are located in 5 percent of counties. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, geographically weighted regression (GWR), and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) methods were then employed to explore associations between accessible concerts and the socioeconomic characteristics of communities where these concerts are located. The regression models revealed that areas with a higher proportion of residents without a high school degree, higher unemployment rate, and higher poverty rate were less likely to have access to concerts, yet positive associations were found between accessible concerts and mean household income. Local R 2 values further confirmed the robustness of regression results of both GWR and MGWR and showed significant spatial nonstationarity of model performance. GWR and MGWR methods improved model performance significantly over the OLS method and proved how local conditions influence the OLS regression. The results from this study can guide decision makers and stakeholders in making appropriate policies to achieve equitable access to music events, especially for disadvantaged communities.

Enhancing entrepreneurial intention in secondary school

Purpose: The literature reveals that emerging markets experience high unemployment rates. However, tertiary institutions continue to chant out a large number of graduates, increasing the rate of unemployment. Regardless of the tertiary institutions introducing entrepreneurship education, graduates continue to seek employment instead of creating it. This study analyses the introduction of entrepreneurship education in secondary schools to create entrepreneurship intentions in students. Research Methodology: The researcher adopted an interpretative paradigm that advocates a qualitative approach. The study face-to-face interviewed 17 head teachers from secondary schools in the Mashonaland West Province. This study thematically deduces entrepreneurship teaching methods, entrepreneurship content, and entrepreneurship assessment methods as sub-concepts that, if implemented, lead to entrepreneurship intention. Results: The researcher established that entrepreneurship education leads to entrepreneurship intentions if introduced in secondary schools. However, it requires commitment from policy designers and implementers to achieve the intended goals. This study recommends the adoption of entrepreneurship education based on a funding model supported by stakeholders, including financial institutions and the government. Limitations: The study had a methodological limitation in that the sample size was small (17 head teachers). Contributions: This study contributes to educational policy changes through the introduction of entrepreneurship education and its curriculum. Novelty: This study analyzed the implementation of entrepreneurship education in secondary schools as a vehicle to solve the unemployment challenge.

Türkiye’de Asgari ücretin Makroekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Teorik ve Ampirik bir Analiz

This study aims to comprehensively examine the macroeconomic factors influencing the determination of minimum wage in Turkey from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The analysis includes variables such as real minimum wage, unionization rates, inflation levels, unemployment rates, real economic growth (GDP), and labor productivity. The findings indicate a positive relationship between unionization rates and the minimum wage, with inflation also leading to an increase in the minimum wage. Conversely, higher unemployment rates are found to decrease the minimum wage, while economic growth positively impacts it. Increased labor productivity, however, is associated with a decrease in the minimum wage. Additionally, dummy variables for crisis periods were not statistically significant. These results highlight the importance of considering various macroeconomic factors in the formulation of minimum wage policies. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and pave the way for future research. Key Words: Minimum wage, Unemployment, CPI, GDP, ARDL Model. JEL Codes: E1, E24, J3.

Transformasi Digital dan Profesionalisme dalam Akuntansi untuk Generasi Muda melalui Pelatihan Aplikasi EFAKTUR dan Web EFAKTUR untuk Pelaporan PPN MASA BADAN guna Meningkatkan Kemampuan Praktis bagi Pelajar SMKN 25 DKI Jakarta

This activity aims to overcome the high unemployment rate among vocational school graduates in Indonesia, with a focus on SMKN 25 DKI Jakarta. One of the main factors causing unemployment is the mismatch of graduate skills with current industry needs. To answer this challenge, this research uses a contextual method or approach that links learning to real world situations. The team from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Mercubuana University held training on the application of modern tax technology, namely EFAKTUR and Web EFAKTUR, to students of SMKN 25. Activities were carried out in several stages, including preparation and planning at Mercubuana University, online coordination, direct training at school, and evaluation training results. The results show an increase in students' capabilities in understanding and using electronic tax reporting technology, with participant satisfaction levels reaching 95% based on the questionnaire. These findings suggest that technology-based training not only improves students' technical competence, but also contributes to increasing their competitiveness in the job market, as well as helping schools achieve better rankings in national assessments. This training has succeeded in equipping students with relevant and up-to-date skills, reducing the gap between vocational education and the needs of the world of work.

Examining the critical success factors of productive entrepreneurship: an ISM-MICMAC approach

Purpose The concept of productive entrepreneurship has been recognised as a strategic approach to address the various challenges economies face, such as high unemployment, low economic growth and limited diversification. However, studies on the productive entrepreneurship’s critical success factors (CSFs) are rare and fragmented. Hence, this paper aims to identify the CSFs of productive entrepreneurship and determine their relationship among to offer a meaningful framework for enhancing the result of entrepreneurial activities in the emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an extensive literature review and consulted experts to identify 14 CSFs for productive entrepreneurship. The technique of interpretive structural modelling (ISM) was used to determine the relationships and interconnectedness between these factors. In addition, this study used matrix of cross-impacts applied to a classification (MICMAC) analysis to determine the significance of CSFs in relation to the productive entrepreneurship. Findings The results indicate that the regulatory environment, incubators and accelerators and mentorship were the most influential factors for productive entrepreneurship in the Indian context. In contrast, social mobility and resilience were found to be the least influential factor. Research limitations/implications The study's findings can enable researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs to make informed decisions and develop effective strategies to enhance the productive entrepreneurship. Originality/value The unique approach of research (ISM and MICMAC analysis) expands the frameworks of the entrepreneurship ecosystem with a comprehensive and dynamic emergent investigation into the foundation of productive entrepreneurship.