High Trust Research Articles

Parents' Trust in COVID-19 Messengers and Implications for Vaccination.

To characterize factors associated with parents' trust in messengers of COVID-19 guidance and determine whether trust in their doctors is associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Web-based and mailed survey (January-June 2022). Maryland, USA. 567 parents/caregivers of public elementary and middle school students. Parents rated trust in 9 messengers on a 4-point scale ["not at all" (0) to "a great deal" (3)], dichotomized into low (0-1) vs high (2-3). They reported on health insurance, income, race, ethnicity, education, sex, urbanicity, political affiliation, and COVID-19 vaccination. ANOVA and t-tests were computed to compare overall trust by parent characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was run to evaluate factors associated with high trust for each messenger. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between trust in doctors and odds of COVID-19 vaccination. Most trusted messengers were doctors (M = 2.65), family members (M = 1.87), and schools (M = 1.81). Parents' trust varied by racial identity, sex, urbanicity, health insurance, and political affiliation. Greater trust in their or their child's doctor was associated with greater odds of child (aOR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.10, 7.98) and parent (aOR: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.47) vaccination. Parent characteristics were associated with trust, and trust was linked to vaccination. Public health professionals should anticipate variability in trusted messengers to optimize uptake of public health guidance.

Sisterhood in academia: building a flock culture to cope and thrive

PurposeThis paper examines the experiences of a team of female academics (teaching a large cohort of undergraduate students) and the coping mechanisms used to combat the challenges they confront in the Australian higher education sector.Design/methodology/approachUsing a reflective autoethnographic method and strengths perspective, the authors share experiences as female professionals whose intersectional identities presented challenges that extend beyond those typically found in the current higher education setting.FindingsThe individualized nature of academic work exacerbates the systemic marginalization of female academics. Adopting a flock culture serves as a support network for addressing the various intersectional challenges. The authors liken the “flock cultural approach” to a “sisterhood” where individuals impacted by intersectional challenges build a strong and cohesive unit to support each other by utilizing their combined strengths to create positive synergy to cope with ongoing workplace challenges.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the benefit of the strengths perspective to understand how female academics with intersectional identities can overcome the challenges of their highly individualized profession.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the importance of building team-based work, cultivating collective achievement and high trust in a highly individualistic profession.Social implicationsUsing the strength perspective, the authors disrupt the conventional and currently narrow usage of sisterhood to help develop strong, adaptive, flexible and responsive bonds among diverse female academics. The findings point to how using a “flock culture” – a membership-based philosophy – became the key support mechanism for the marginalized groups, empowering them to confront the systemic barriers within their profession.Originality/valueFirst, the findings of this study are shaped by the intersections of factors such as ethnicity, age, race, religion and mode of employment, which all influences the participants’ lived experiences. Second, this study contributes to the transnational feminist movement by unveiling the contextualized barriers that junior academic females from various migrant backgrounds face and identify how they synergized their collective strengths to survive the challenging academic environment. Third, using the strength perspective, the authors disrupt the conventional and currently narrow usage of sisterhood to help develop strong, adaptive, flexible and responsive bonds among diverse female academics.

Followers of the pied piper of pensioners

AbstractUsing survey and administrative data, we study followers of H&L, a massively popular Chilean pension advisor, establishing that financial literacy is not a panacea for poor retirement decision‐making. We detail the dynamics of who followed H&L and why. H&L differentially drew financially sophisticated investors, and exposure to H&L causally increased financial sophistication. Nonetheless, followers earned mean annual returns below all buy‐and‐hold strategies and were aware of this underperformance. Moreover, performance did not materially affect renewal rates. Most followers renew, citing high returns, loss minimization and trust as reasons for following. We show followers gained information about financial matters that had clear, tangible value, and they acted on this information. We posit that followers attributed this to H&L's skill, thus continuing to follow despite the underperformance.

Comparative analysis of health authorities’ spokespersons and health influencers during the COVID-19 pandemic

The primary purpose of this research is to compare government and non-government spokespersons by examining their roles in educating about COVID-19 vaccines and health services. This study employed comparative factor analysis and non-participatory observation toward the media activity of spokespersons in Indonesia. Using a questionnaire, this study examined the dimensions of public campaigns, risk communication, health and emergency, leadership and communication from Indonesian spokespersons. The data collection was conducted in two stages: a pilot study involving 102 respondents and the actual study involving 276 respondents. This study found that the highest perceived benefits and behavioral change come from the non-government spokesperson, of which 26.45% and 18.48% of respondents strongly agree, while the lowest is from a government spokesperson with no medical background. This study also found from five-health spokespersons, the best two are occupied by non-government with medical backgrounds, with 31.52% and 29.35% of respondents strongly agree. However, most respondents had high trust in the governments, with 14.49% strongly agreeing. Compared to those from the governmental sector, spokespersons from the non-governmental sector are perceived to induce higher perceived benefits in delivering the message. However, this does not mean there is no utility in using governmental sector spokespersons, as they are also shown to induce high levels of trust. Overall, governmental and non-governmental spokespersons show utility in different communication aspects, highlighting the need for targeted communication strategies. To conclude, these findings demonstrate that government spokespersons for the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia receive the same high level of trust as non-government spokespersons regarding communicating health hazards. The public looks forward to the regularity and routine of the leaders who serve as spokespersons in hopes of easing concerns and tension brought on by the ongoing appearance of the Omicron variation in Indonesia.

Trust in management and state government mitigate the relationships between individual- and state-level stressors and well-being during COVID-19

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of trust in management and state government in mitigating the relationships between individual- and state-level stressors and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a US sample still working during the first wave of infections (N = 437) and was supplemented with objective state-level data. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression modeling with the PROC MIXED procedure with SAS software to incorporate both individual- and state-level variables.FindingsResults indicated that individual-level stressors (work and family role overload) were positively associated with stress; however, the relationship between family role overload and stress was mitigated among those with high trust in state government. Results indicated that state-level stressors (infection rates and population density) were not associated with stress; however, the relationship between state population density and stress was positive among those with low trust in management and negative among those with high trust in management.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the need for organization and government leaders to build trust before and during crisis situations, as well as engage in a collaborative approach to managing stressors in crisis situations.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of expanding the focus of employee trust across organizational boundaries for understanding employee well-being during a crisis situation. This study also demonstrates the cross-over effects of trust, such that organization leaders can protect workers from community stressors, while government leaders can protect workers from family stressors.

Acceptance of animal-free cheese products: Evidence from an information experiment in Germany

Addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are critical global challenges. As a substantial contributor to emissions, animal-based products are under increasing scrutiny. Animal-free dairy products provide a potential. Although understanding consumer acceptance of these products is crucial, the literature on this topic is scant. This study investigates the perception and acceptance of animal-free dairy among German consumers (N = 1,487) using an online survey with five information treatments (general and topic-specific information about animal-free cheese, gene-modified organisms, animal welfare, environmental concerns, and farmer existence). The acceptance of animal-free dairy was measured by the respondents' willingness to try, substitute, buy, and regularly buy animal-free cheese. Acceptance was found to be comparatively lower than in past studies, although still prevalent among 45.65 % of consumers. Notably, there were significant variances in consumers' perspectives toward animal-free cheese, causing an irregular distribution in their willingness statements. Multi-group analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that consumer acceptance did not significantly differ between treatment groups. However, individual analysis revealed that the willingness to buy animal-free cheese was positively influenced by perceived benefits and perceived sustainability. Conversely, perceived risks decreased this willingness. Positive attitudes toward farming and knowledge about farming increased perceived risks, while high social trust lowered them. Attitudes toward animal welfare and social trust positively influenced perceived benefits. These findings can be applied to inform and facilitate market introduction strategies of animal-free dairy products for producers and policy makers, providing insights into consumer acceptance of these products in Germany.

Pengaruh Brand Image terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Restoran Bakmie Kalimantan Hin Lie

Most of the consumers who come to the Bakmie Kalimantan Hin Lie Restaurant are consumers who have high trust and a positive view of the brand image in the restaurant. In addition, the Bakmie Kalimantan Hin Lie Restaurant has unique characteristics and advantages which most restaurants do not have. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of Brand Image in three dimensions, namely the dimensions of Strength, Uniqueness and Favorable on purchasing decisions at Bakmie Kalimantan Hin Lie Restaurant. This study used quantitative methods and data collection techniques were carried out using questionnaires and interviews. Then, the researcher used the Nonprobability Sampling technique with the Purposive Sampling method to determine a research sample. Then the researchers used the Pearson Product Moment formula to measure the validity test and used the Alpha Cronbach technique to measure the reliability test. The analytical method used in this study is a simple linear regression analysis method using the SPSS Version 25 application.Based on the results of data analysis carried out, it is simultaneously proven that there is a positive and significant influence on consumer purchasing decisions at the Bakmie Kalimantan Hin Lie Restaurant, this can be seen from the Strenghtness dimension, the value of tcount on the Strenghtness dimension is 2.302 and the sig value obtained is 0.023, then for the Uniqueness dimension, the tcount value for the Uniqueness dimension is 1,110 and the sig value is 0.270 and the last for the Favorable dimension, the tcount value for the Favorable dimension is 0.390 and the sig value is 0.697. then with the value of Fcount on the Brand Image variable of 5.939 and the sig value of 0.017.
 Keywords: Brand Image, Purchase Decision, Restaurant

Bimodal Trust: High and Low Trust in Vehicle Automation Influence Response to Automation Errors

Extended exposure to reliable automation may lead to overreliance as evidenced by poor responses to auto-mation errors. Individual differences in trust may also influence responses. We investigated how these factors affect response to automation errors in a driving simulator study comprised of stop-controlled and uncon-trolled intersections. Drivers experienced reliable vehicle automation during six drives where they indicated if they felt the automation was going too slow or too fast by pressing the accelerator or brake pedal. Engage-ment via pedal presses did not affect the automation but offered an objective measure of trust in automation. In the final drive, an error occurred where the vehicle failed to stop at a stop-controlled intersection. Drivers’ response to the error was inferred from brake presses. Mixture models showed bimodal response times and revealed that drivers with high trust were less likely to respond to automation errors than drivers with low trust.

The Dynamics of Trust: Path Dependence in Interpersonal Trust

Interpersonal trust is a critical factor in the success and effectiveness of organizations, influencing information sharing, decision-making, task distribution, and overall team performance. However, trust levels within organizations often exhibit a bimodal distribution, with some relationships characterized by high trust and others by low trust. This study seeks to understand the factors and dynamics contributing to this bimodal distribution and explore how leaders can positively influence the development of trust in their organizations. Using an abductive approach to theory development, we map artifacts from the interpersonal trust literature using DSRP to identify essential components for constructing a system dynamics model. Our analysis of the resultant model explores the dynamics of various interpersonal scenarios commonly encountered within professional organizations. We find that the initial assessment of trustworthiness plays an important role in the development of interpersonal trust and provides a leverage point for the resulting dynamics. The objective of this study is to provide leaders with a deeper understanding of interpersonal trust development, equipping them with the knowledge to effectively foster trust and positively impact their organizations.

In the COVID-19 pandemic, who did we trust? An eight-country cross-sectional study.

Trust is a key determinant of health, but has been undermined by the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated infodemic. Using data from eight countries, we aimed to epidemiologically describe levels of trust in health, governments, news media organisations, and experts, and measure the impact of political orientation and COVID-19 information sources on participant's levels of trust. We simultaneously conducted a stratified randomised online cross-sectional study across eight countries on adults aged ≥18 years between 6 and 18 November 2020. We employed crude and adjusted weighted regression analyses. We included 9027 adults with a mean age of 47 years (range = 18-99), of whom 4667 (51.7%) were female. Trust in health experts ranked highest across all countries (mean (x̄) = 7.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.79-7.88), while trust in politicians ranked lowest (x̄ = 5.34; 95% CI = 5.28, 5.40). In adjusted analyses, political orientation and utilised information sources were significantly associated with trust. Individuals using higher levels of health information sources trusted health authorities more than those using lower levels (mean difference = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.14). Similarly, individuals using higher levels of government information sources (mean difference = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.64) and those using higher levels of new media information sources (mean difference = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.28) had highest trust in governments/politicians and news media, respectively. However, there was little difference in trust in health, government, or news media between individuals using higher or lower levels of social media information sources. Trust is a key determinant of health, but has been politically fragile during this infodemic. High compliance with public health measures is key to combatting infectious diseases. In terms of people's trust, our findings suggest that politicians and governments worldwide should coordinate their response with health experts and authorities to maximise the success of public health measures.

Interpersonal and Human-Automation Trust in an Underwater Mine Detection Task

In target detection tasks false alarms (i.e., indicating a target is present when it is absent) decrease trust more than misses. Furthermore, human advisors providing advice at the same time as automation, may impact how users trust and subsequently rely on automated aids. This study aimed to understand whether the false alarm rate (FAR) of an automated target recognition aid impacts trust in the automated aid, trust in a human teammate, or operator self-confidence in a dual-advisor target detection task. Participants completed a mine detection task while receiving advice from a human and an automated advisor. The FAR of the automation was manipulated between groups and trust in each type of advisor was measured. Automation FAR did not influence trust in the automation. Low FAR automation was associated with higher trust in a human teammate and increasing self-confidence over the course of the experiment.

Impacts of AI-Generated Confidence and Explanations on Task Performance and Trust in Human-autonomy Teaming

In human-autonomy teaming (HAT), human operators and intelligent agents cooperate and coordinate together to achieve shared goals. This study aimed to enhance autonomy transparency by proposing the automatic generation of confidence and explanations (bounding boxes, and bounding boxes and keypoints) and investigating their impacts in HAT. A total of 36 participants engaged in a simulated surveillance task, during which they were assisted by the intelligent agents we designed using Keypoint Faster R-CNN. As a result, we found that visual explanations using bounding boxes and keypoints improved detection task performance only when confidence was not visualized. Moreover, participants had higher trust in and preference for autonomy when visual explanations were provided but whether confidence was visualized did not influence their trust and preference. These findings have implications for the design of autonomy and can facilitate human-machine interactions in HAT.

Automation Use: The Roles of Self-Confidence, Trust, and Workload

Discretionary automation, or the choice to turn automation on or off, is less studied than dependence on always-present (static) automation, even though discretionary automation is becoming more common in real-world environments. While the influences of dependence on static automation are generally known, it is unclear how they translate to discretionary automation use. Using a dual-task warehouse management paradigm, the influence of workload, trust, and self-confidence were investigated. Results indicated that higher trust in the automation than self-confidence in completing the task manually was a strong driver of automation use, whereas workload of a concurrent task had no effect on use. Implications of this work are discussed.

시위·집회가 사회적 신뢰에 미치는 영향

The higher the level of protests and rallies, the lower the trust of the government along with the general trust accumulated throughout society. In particular, the government's trust was found to be more negatively affected than general trust, resulting in a decrease in the level of trust.
 General trust has been shown to affect the trust of the government in the event of protests and rallies. This can be interpreted that high general trust can have a positive effect on the level of trust of the government even if protests and rallies are high.
 Overall, it can be seen that there is a limit to the short-term effort or temporary institutional to prevent conflict during conflict management. In order to prevent conflicts effectively, it is effective to prevent conflicts by increasing social and cultural trust through long-term planning.

COVID-19 vaccination likelihood among federally qualified health center patients: Lessons learned for future health crises

BackgroundTo prepare for rollout of a COVID-19 vaccine in fall 2020, there was an urgent need to understand barriers to ensuring equitable access and addressing vaccine skepticism and resistance. This study aimed to understand the association between trusted sources of COVID-19 information and likelihood of vaccination during that time, focusing on lessons learned to prepare for future public health crises. MethodsFrom December 2020-March 2021, we surveyed a probability-based, cross-sectional sample of 955 patients across seven federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) serving predominantly low-income, Black and White populations in southeastern Louisiana. Vaccination likelihood was measured on a 7-point scale; “very likely to vaccinate” was defined as score=7. Trust in healthcare provider was measured with a single survey item. High trust in personal contacts, government, and media, respectively, were defined as the highest tertiles of summative scores of trust items. Weighted multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for being very likely to vaccinate. ResultsParticipants were 56% Black, 64% women, mean age 44.6 years; 33% were very likely to vaccinate. High trust in healthcare provider (aOR=4.14, 95% CI 2.26–7.57) and government sources (aOR=3.23, 95% CI 1.98–5.28) were associated with being very likely to vaccinate. ConclusionsDuring initial COVID-19 vaccination rollout, trust in healthcare providers and government sources of COVID-19 information was associated with likelihood to vaccinate in FQHC patients. To inform public health planning for future crises, we highlight lessons learned for translating community-relevant insights into direct action to reach those most impacted.

Islamic Civil Society and Constitutionalism Issues in Indonesia: Observing the Expressions of the Banyumas Muslim Community in Responding to the Dynamics of State Problems in Post-Reformation

This research seeks to map out the expressions of the Banyumas Muslim community in responding to the dynamics of state problems in post-reformation with the Big Five theory (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neurotism). This research not only maps the potential involvement of Islamic civil society, but also contributes an important perspective as an effort to stabilize society and its various social groups. The method of collecting data was by distributing purposive questionnaires collecting 165 people. All of them consisted of various Islamic community organizations. The reliability used test-retest reliability, based on Friedman's theory with the lowest limitation of 0.90. The validity used direct validity, which is based on the development of the Big Five theory by Kathrin Ackermann, with moderate adjustments and concrete adaptations, thus it can be used operationally. The results of the study show that on the one hand, they have the character of extraversion (E) which has a more conservative attitude, encourages acceptance of hierarchy, and has more high trust in institutionalized matters. But on the other hand, they tend to be openness to experience (O) characters who have a critical attitude towards political, social values, norms and authority.

How trust in government relates to public attitudes toward shale gas development in China

Public trust in government influences public attitudes toward the development of new technology. However, research conducted to assess the relationship has been done primarily in Western-style democracies. This research examines how public trust in the Chinese government is related, directly and indirectly, to public attitudes toward shale gas development. An online survey of a large convenience sample of Chinese residents (n = 1361) was conducted in 2022 in five provinces where shale gas extraction and/or exploration are occurring. We found that trust in central government has a direct positive association with the perceived benefits and risks of shale gas development. Respondents with higher trust in central and provincial government are more likely to express support shale gas development. There is also a statistically significant indirect positive association with support for shale gas development via greater perceived benefits, yet we did not find a statistically significant indirect effect of trust on support for shale gas development through perceived risks. The results are interesting because in China the government and the shale gas industry are more closely connected than they are in Western-style democracies and the environmental movement in China is at an early stage of development. Future research should examine how attitudes in China evolve as the scale of the shale gas industry grows and the environmental movement grows.

Religious service attendance and mortality: A population-based prospective cohort study in southern Sweden

AimsThe aim is to investigate associations between attendance in religious service during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and other cause mortality. Study designProspective cohort study. MethodsA public health survey with three reminders was sent to a stratified random sample of the adult 18–80 population in southernmost Sweden in 2008. The response rate was 54.1%, and 24,855 participants were included in this study. The cross-sectional baseline survey was connected to mortality data with 8.3-year follow-up. Analyses were conducted in Cox regression models. Results13.9% had attended religious service at least once during the past year, and 86.1% had not attended. The group with religious attendance contained significantly higher proportions of women, high and medium position non-manual employees, participants born abroad, never alcohol consumers, respondents with high trust in others and respondents with high social participation. It also contained significantly lower proportions with low leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and daily smokers. Religious service attendance during the past year was significantly associated with lower hazard rate ratios (HRRs) of all-cause mortality compared to non-attendance until social participation items were introduced in the final model. HRRs of CVD mortality were significantly lower for religious attendance in the multiple models until BMI and health-related behaviors were introduced. No significant results were observed for cancer and other cause mortality. ConclusionsThe results suggest that religious service attendance in a highly secularized country such as Sweden is significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality, which may be explained by a social network pathway in this highly secularized population.

Public trust in the Government to control the spread of COVID-19 in England after the first wave-a longitudinal analysis.

To control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments are increasingly relying on the public to voluntarily manage risk. Effectiveness is likely to rely in part on how much the public trusts the Government's response. We examined the English public's trust in the Conservative Government to control the spread of COVID-19 after the initial 'crisis' period. We analyzed eight rounds of a longitudinal survey of 1899 smartphone users aged 18-79 in England between October 2020 and December 2021. We fitted a random-effects logit model to identify personal characteristics and opinions associated with trust in the Conservative Government to control the spread of COVID-19. Trust was lowest in January 2021 (28%) and highest in March 2021 (44%). Being older, having lower educational attainment and aligning with the Conservative Party were predictors of higher levels of trust. Conversely, being less deprived, reporting that Government communications were not clear and considering that the measures taken by the Government went too far or not far enough were predictors of being less likely to report a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the Government to control the pandemic. Trust in the Government's response was found to be low throughout the study. Our findings suggest that there may be scope to avoid losing trust by aligning Government actions more closely with scientific advice and public opinion, and through clearer public health messaging. However, it remains unclear whether and how higher trust in the Government's response would increase compliance with Government advice.

Pasture shooting and mobile slaughterhouses from a consumer's point of view: alternative slaughter methods and the meat paradox

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate consumers' attitudes towards alternative slaughter methods (ASMs). ASMs present more animal-friendly and stress-free slaughter practices. However, these practices are not yet widespread due to strict regulations, high labor efforts and costs. Therefore, the market for meat products from ASMs is still small, and less is known about consumers' awareness, assessment and willingness to pay (WTP) for these products.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to close the research gap using a standardized and representative online survey among 1,604 German participants. To identify target groups for these kinds of meat products, a factor and cluster analysis was conducted.FindingsThe results show that ASMs are not widely known among consumers. Overall, participants evaluated ASMs positively, but about 1/3 of the participants stated to also have concerns related more to hygiene than to animal welfare issues. The cluster analysis reveals two out of four clusters found that are interested in ASMs. These clusters are characterized by high trust in small butcheries and organic meat consumption.Originality/valueThe slaughtering sector has hardly been examined from an economic point of view in the animal welfare debate so far. This study identifies potential target groups for products originating from ASMs based on possible consumption drivers and barriers. Therewith, products from particular animal welfare friendly slaughter methods can be promoted purposefully to suitable target groups.