High Triglycerides Research Articles

Lipid Levels and Risk of Diabetic Polyneuropathy in 2 Danish Type 2 Diabetes Cohorts.

Reduction of blood lipids may aid in preventing diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), but evidence remains conflicting. We investigated the association between lipid parameters and DPN risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a population-based cohort study of individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM and a cross-sectional study using a clinically recruited T2DM cohort. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-HDL cholesterol were measured in routine diabetes care. Each lipid parameter was categorized according to the latest cutoffs in clinical guidelines on dyslipidemia. DPN was assessed with validated hospital diagnosis codes in the population-based cohort and with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire in the clinical cohort. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression and prevalence ratios (PRs) using Poisson regression. We included 61,853 individuals in the population-based cohort (median age 63 [quartiles 54-72] years) and 4,823 in the clinical cohort (median age 65 [quartiles 57-72] years). The incidence rate of hospital-diagnosed DPN in the population-based cohort was 3.6 per 1000 person-years during a median follow-up of 7.3 years. Achieving guideline targets for HDL, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol showed no association with DPN risk. By contrast, adjusted HRs (95% CI) for DPN were 1.02 (0.89-1.18) for triglyceride levels between 150 and 204 mg/dL (1.7-2.3 mmol/L) and 1.28 (1.13-1.45) for levels >204 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L). In the clinical cohort with a DPN prevalence of 18%, DPN associated strongly with triglycerides >204 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L) with an adjusted PR (95% CI) of 1.40 (1.21-1.62). The prevalence of DPN was modestly elevated for individuals with HDL cholesterol <39 mg/dL (1.0/1.3 mmol/L) in men and <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women (PR 1.13 [0.99-1.28]) and for individuals with non-HDL cholesterol >131 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) (PR 1.27 [1.05-1.52]). In both cohorts, spline models showed an increasing risk of DPN starting from triglyceride levels >124 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L). All results were similar among statin users. High triglyceride levels are a strong DPN risk factor. Future intervention studies shall determine whether triglyceride reduction is more important for DPN prevention than reduction of other lipids.

Development and validation of a nomogram for premature coronary artery disease patients in Guangzhou

BackgroundData regarding risk factors for premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is scarce given that few research focus on it. This study aimed to develop and validate a clinical nomogram for PCAD patients in Guangzhou. MethodsWe recruited 108 PCAD patients (female ≤65 years old and male ≤55 years old) and 96 healthy controls from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 01/01/2021 and 31/12/2022. Twenty potentially relevant indicators of PCAD were extracted. Next, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to optimize variable selection. The nomogram was developed based on the selected variables visually. ResultsIndependent risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), history of PCAD, glucose, Apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1), high density lipoprotein 2-cholesterol (HDL2-C), total cholesterol and triglyceride, were identified by LASSO and logistic regression analysis. The nomogram showed accurate discrimination (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, ROC, 87.45 %, 95 % CI: 82.58 %-92.32 %). Decision curve analysis (DCA) suggested that the nomogram was clinical beneficial. HDL2, one risk factor, was isolated by a two-step discontinuous density-gradient ultracentrifugation method. And HDL2 from PCAD patients exhibited less 3H-cholesterol efflux (22.17 % vs 26.64 %, P < 0.05) and less delivery of NBD-cholesterol detecting by confocal microscope compared with healthy controls. ConclusionsIn conclusion, the seven-factor nomogram can achieve a reasonable relationship with PCAD, and a large cohort were needed to enhance the credibility and effectiveness of our model in future.

Edukasi Dan Deteksi Dini Hipertrigliseridemia Dalam Rangka Pencegahan Dan Pengelolaan Gangguan kognitif Pada Kelompok Lanjut Usia

Cognitive impairment is a neuropsychological condition characterized by a decline in cognitive functions that interferes with daily activities. Cognitive impairment in elderly can lead to the decrease in quality of life. One of the factors causing cognitive impairment is high triglyceride level. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out to increase awareness and knowledge about hypertriglyceridemia and cognitive disorders through education and health screening. The activity method with PDCA is implemented to ensure a systematic and effective approach. Preventive efforts are needed through education on healthy eating pattern, physical activity, and routine screening to control triglyceride levels and prevent cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Possible pitfalls in the prediction of weight gain in middle-aged normal-weight individuals: Results from the NDB-K7Ps-study-2

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity has not decreased worldwide and obesity-related morbidities have been increasing steadily. However, few studies have investigated factors contributing to weight gain in normal-weight individuals. Thus, in this community-based cohort study, we aimed to investigate factors contributing to weight gain in normal-weight participants. MethodsClinical variables and 10 % increase in weight over 10 years (10 %IBW10Y) were retrospectively investigated in apparently healthy 615,077 normal-weight (body mass index (BMI) 21.0–24.9 kg/m2) participants aged 40–64 years who had regularly undergone health checkup. Machine learning and logistic regression analysis (nested case-control study) were used to predict 10 %IBW10Y. ResultsIn total, 6.8 % of men and 8.9 % of women had 10 %IBW10Y (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) after 10 years and weight gain were higher in participants with 10 %IBW10Y (72.3 %, 8.9 kg) (case-group) versus those without 10 %IBW10Y (11.5 %, −0.4 kg) (control-group), respectively. Machine learning showed positive contributing factors to 10 %IBW10Y were, in descending order, age early 40 s, current smoking, female sex, low serum triglyceride (≤59 mg/dL), and low glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (≤4.9 %). Age early 60 s, non-smoking, male sex, high triglyceride (≥200 mg/dL), and HbA1c 6.0 %−6.9 % were negative contributing factors. Logistic regression analysis showed similar results except for high HbA1c (≥7.5 %) as a positive contributing factor. ConclusionsIn middle-aged individuals with normal weight who undergo regular health check-ups, certain favorable features (female sex, low triglyceride, and low HbA1c), as well as smoking habits that are subject to change in the future, which could lead to weight gain, may be overlooked.250 ＜250 words

Dietary quality and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in the population aged 45 to 59 in Zhejiang Province in 2022

To explore the relationship between dietary quality and metabolic syndrome(MS) in the population aged 45 to 59 in Zhejiang Province. Selecting the 45-59 year old population as the research object from the 2022 nutrition and health monitoring data of residents in Zhejiang Province. Dietary data was obtained by the 24-hour dietary review method on 3 consecutive days and the weighing method of household cooking oil and condiments, and dietary quality was evaluated using the China health diet index(CHDI), which was categorized into four groups according to quartiles of CHDI scores. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different CHDI score groups and MS and its components. A total of 1421 study participants were included, with a mean CHDI score of(56.83±11.80) and a prevalence of MS of 24.5%. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and physical activity, the Q4 group with the highest CHDI score had a decreased risk of developing MS(OR=0.57, 95%CI 0.40-0.82), hypertension(OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.81), and elevated fasting blood glucose(OR=0.41, 95%CI 0.26-0.65) compared to the Q1 group with the lowest CHDI score. After conducting gender subgroup analysis, it was found that: the risk of developing MS, hypertension and high triglycerides was decreased in the Q4 group of CHDI scores in females compared with the Q1 group(P&lt;0.05), whereas in males only high CHDI scores were found to be a protective factor for elevated fasting blood glucose(P&lt;0.05). The quality of diet is negatively associated with the risk of MS, hypertension and hyperglycemia in people aged 45-59 years in Zhejiang Province, and there are gender differences in the relationship between CHDI and MS and its components.

The Comparative Study of Serum Estrogen and Lipid Profile in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women as Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Pakistan.

Menopausesignifies the eternal termination of menstruation in women as a consequence of ovarian action loss, typically occurring around the age of 51 years. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among post-menopausal women, which may be due to lower levels of estrogen and lipid profile. The present study was undertaken to evaluate serum estrogen and lipid profile status to assess the risk of atherosclerosis in both pre- and post-menopausal women. The objective of this study is to explorethe relationship between estrogen and lipid levels of women in pre- and post-menopausal stages. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi. A total of 100 participants were included of which 50 were pre-menopausal and 50 were post-menopausal women. Laboratory examination and questionnaires from the study population were used for data collection. Through the enzymatic method, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were assessed. Serum very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were calculated via Friedwald's components VLDL=TG/5.0. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used for estrogen measurement. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and the Pearson correlation test were used. Women after menopause have significantly high serum cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, VLDLs, and triglycerides while HDL-c levels were significantly low (P<0.001). Levels of estrogen were low in post-menopausal females (P<0.001) as compared to menstruating women. Estrogen with HDL concentrations showed a positive correlation with an r value of 0.08556 while LDL levels showed a negative correlation with ar value of -0.26219. This comparative study explores the relationship between estrogen and lipid levels in pre- and post-menopausal women. Low estrogen with changed lipid variables was observed. Decreased cardiovascular protective HDL-c marks that menopause is a phase that acts as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.

Body Mass Index Mediates Association of SLC39A8 SNP rs13107325 With Circulating High Density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride Concentrations in a UK Biobank Population Cohort

Body Mass Index Mediates Association of SLC39A8 SNP rs13107325 With Circulating High Density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride Concentrations in a UK Biobank Population Cohort

Proportion and Potential Risk Factors of Poor Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Experience of a Tertiary Center in Baghdad, Iraq, 2020

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder worldwide. Effective diabetes self-management and keeping the Glycosylated hemoglobin level within the normal range could decrease the burden on the health system by reducing hospital admissions and diabetic complications, lowering the financial strain on the health system. Objective: To recognize the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control in patients having type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad, Iraq. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from June to November 2020. The total number of the study's participants was 234. Based on the cutoff point of glycosylated hemoglobin of 7, the patients with glycosylated hemoglobin of ≥7 were considered uncontrolled, and those with glycosylated hemoglobin of &lt;7 were considered controlled. Results: The proportion of cases with uncontrolled diabetes was 68.4% (160). The remaining 74 patients had controlled diabetes. Age, sex, marital status, and employment status were not significantly associated with the control status (P&gt;0.05). The binary analysis showed a significant association observed between the control status and level of education (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), presence of comorbidities (P=0.028), positive family history (P=0.03), dyslipidemia (P=0.001), cholesterol level (P=0.002), high triglyceride level (P=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (P=0.025). The smoking status, body mass index, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level were not significantly associated with the control status (P&gt;0.05). The disease characteristics, including the disease duration, fasting blood glucose, type of medication, self-monitoring, healthy diet, physical activity, and medication adherence, were significant factors (P&lt;0.001). The multivariate regression method showed that dyslipidemia, FBS≥130, physical inactivity, and poor medication adherence were significant predictors for uncontrolled DM (P-value = 0.03, 0.001, 0.03, and 0.043, respectively). Conclusion: The most important potentially modifiable risk factors for poor diabetes control were dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and poor adherence to the management protocol. Enhancing the education of patients and their healthcare providers on these factors is crucial to improving the patients’ control status.

Pseudohypobicarbonatemia Associated with Profound Hypertriglyceridemia

A case is presented of falsely low serum bicarbonate levels with normal arterial blood gas bicarbonate levels in a patient with high triglyceride (TG) levels. This false phenomenon is explained by the presence of high triglyceride levels. Most laboratories use an enzymatic/photometric or indirect ion-selective electrode method to measure bicarbonate. Hyperlipidemia interferes with photometric analysis due to its light scattering effect. An ABG analyser employs a direct ion-selective electrode method that is free from the errors of a photometric analyser. Currently, several methods are available to eliminate the interference of lipemia and allow accurate measurement of biological quantities. The clinical laboratory must establish a protocol for handling lipemic samples according to the biological quantity to be tested.

Cholesterol transfer to high-density lipoprotein in obesity and the effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Obesity increases serum triglycerides and decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The objective is to explore some functions of HDL, cholesterol transfers and antioxidant, in subjects with grade I (G1-OB) and III (G3-OB) obesity and effects of bariatric surgery on G3-OB. Fifteen G3-OB patients (43 ± 6 years, BMI 49 ± 3 kg/m2) were studied before and 1 year after bariatric surgery; 15 G1-OB (32 ± 2 years, 32 ± 2 kg/m2) and 15 normal weight (NW) (38 ± 6 years, 22 ± 1 kg/m2) were also studied. HDL diameter, cholesterol transfer to HDL and antioxidant capacity of HDL were determined. G3-OB had higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C; G1-OB had higher triglycerides than NW but HDL-C was equal. Compared to NW, HDL size was smaller in G3-OB but equal in G1-OB. One year after bariatric surgery, BMI and triglycerides of G3-OB decreased (p < .0001 and p = .0012, respectively) and HDL-C increased (p < .0001), equalling of NW group. Antioxidant capacity and cholesterol transfers were not different in groups and were unchanged 1 year after bariatric surgery in G3-OB. HDL antioxidant capacity and transfer of cholesterol to HDL were not defective in obesity despite HDL-C reduction and smaller HDL size. In addition, pronounced weight loss by bariatric surgery did not change those protective functions.

Effect of vitamin D deficiency on uric acid/HDL cholesterol ratio

Aims: It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency is involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. High uric acid and low HDL cholesterol levels are critical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. High uric acid levels, high total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and low HDL-C levels are often encountered in cases with vitamin D deficiency. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and uric acid /HDL-C (UHR) and plasma atherogenic index (PAI, triglyceride /HDL-C) in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This retrospective study included patients whose vitamin D levels were checked in our clinic. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their vitamin D levels and the relationship between laboratory variables, such as uric acid, HDL cholesterol, UHR, and plasma atherogenic index, was examined. Results: A total of 675 patients, 167 (24.7%) males and 508 (75.3%) females, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 53.6±15.2 years. It was found that patients with vitamin D deficiency had high UHR and PAI levels and low HDL-C levels (p=0.001, p=0.025; p=0.032, p=0.016). Conclusion Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency has a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol levels and an impact on the risk of cardiovascular diseases by increasing the uric acid/HDL ratio and plasma atherogenic index.

Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from a Large-Scale Prospective Study.

Although metabolic abnormalities are implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, their role in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains a subject of controversy. We aimed to identify the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of ALS. This study included 395,987 participants from the UK Biobank to investigate the relationship between MetS and ALS. Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Stratified analyses were performed based on gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and education level. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore potential mechanisms. In this study, a total of 539 cases of ALS were recorded after a median follow-up of 13.7 years. Patients with MetS (defined harmonized) had a higher risk of developing ALS after adjusting for confounding factors (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.19-1.89). Specifically, hypertension and high triglycerides were linked to a higher risk of ALS (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.95; HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06-1.61, respectively). Moreover, the quantity of metabolic abnormalities showed significant results. Stratified analysis revealed that these associations are particularly significant in individuals with a BMI <25. These findings remained stable after sensitivity analysis. Notably, mediation analysis identified potential metabolites and metabolomic mediators, including alkaline phosphatase, cystatin C, γ-glutamyl transferase, saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage, and omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids ratio. MetS exhibits a robust association with an increased susceptibility to ALS, particularly in individuals with a lower BMI. Furthermore, metabolites and metabolomics, as potential mediators, provide invaluable insights into the intricate biological mechanisms. ANN NEUROL 2024.

A Cross-sectional Analytical Study of Morphological Patterns of Acanthosis Nigricans and Its Association with Components of Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatosis that manifests as asymptomatic and symmetrical darkening, affecting the skin of intertriginous areas. It is a marker of insulin resistance and is usually associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study was conducted to study the morphological patterns of AN and to assess its correlation with different components of MS. Methodology: Using the purposive sampling technique (1-year period), 100 patients fulfilling the case definition of AN were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history and a cutaneous examination (color, texture, and sites of AN) were done. Anthropometric measurements and scoring of the AN were done. Investigations were reviewed. Data were recorded, and MS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Panel III criteria. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 13 software. Results: The mean age was 36.9 ± 10.1 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.38. The mean duration of AN was 18.8 ± 12.5 months. Seventy percent of cases had involvement of two or more sites. MS was present in 55% of cases of AN. Gender, duration of AN, site of AN, neck and axilla severity, and total cholesterol were not statistically significantly associated with MS (P &gt; 0.05). Its association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and high triglyceride was found to be statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). A low high-density lipoprotein level was found to be highly significant (P &lt; 0.01). On applying the Chi-square test, all five parameters of MS had a significant association with AN. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between AN and MS is important, as patients with AN are at risk for all the components of MS individually and collectively.

Age and estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese older adults: a cohort study from 2014 to 2020.

This study aimed to fill the data gap of the course of renal function decline in old age and explore changes in renal function across different health states with increasing age. This observational, retrospective, single-center cohort study included 5,112 Chinese older adults (3,321 men and 1,791 women, range 60-104 years). The individual rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was analyzed using linear mixed-effects model to account for repeated measures over the years. The median age was 66 years, median BMI was 24.56 kg/m2, and median eGFR was 89.86 mL/min.1.73 m2. For every 1-year increase in age, women's eGFR decreased by 1.06 mL/min/1.73 m2 and men's by 0.91 mL/min/1.73 m2. We observed greater age-related eGFR decline in men and women with high systolic blood pressure (SBP). Men with high triglyceride (TG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), had greater age-related eGFR decline. In women, different BMI groups showed significant differences in age-related eGFR decline, with the highest decline in those with obesity. Additionally, participants with normal baseline eGFR had a faster age-related decline than those with low baseline eGFR. The eGFR declined linearly with age in Chinese older adults, with women exhibiting a slightly faster decline than men. Both men and women should be cautious of SBP. Older adults with normal baseline renal function experienced a faster eGFR decline. Men with high TG, LDL-C, and low HDL-C levels, as well as obese women, should be vigilant in monitoring renal function.

The effect of hyperlipidemia on overall survival in patients with cancer was differentiated by BMI and hyperlipidemia type

Background and aimsThe impact of lipids on the overall survival (OS) of patients with malignancy has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia on the OS among Chinese patients based on Body Mass Index (BMI) stratifications and hyperlipidemia types.MethodThe patients in this study were derived from the Investigation of the Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) trial. Kaplan–Meier was used to draw the survival curve, and the log-rank test was used to estimate the survival rates between each group. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 9054 patients were included in the final study, with a median age of 59 years, and 55.3% (5004) of them were males. Regarding types of hyperlipidemia, only low high-density lipoprotein was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of all patients (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25–1.45, P < 0.001), while high total cholesterol (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90–1.15, P = 0.839) and high low-density lipoprotein (HR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.91–1.16, P = 0.680) were not. In terms of BMI stratification, the effect of triglycerides on prognosis varied; high triglycerides were an independent risk factor for the prognosis of underweight patients (HR = 1.56, 95% CI:1.05–2.32, P = 0.027) and a protective factor for overweight patients (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63–0.89, P = 0.001). However, for normal-weight patients, there was no significant statistical difference (HR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.75–1.03, P = 0.108).ConclusionsThe impact of hyperlipidemia on the OS among patients with cancer varied by different BMI and hyperlipidemia types. BMI and hyperlipidemia type ought to be considered in combination to estimate the prognosis of patients with malignancy.

Analysis of risk factors and construction of a predictive model for macrosomia in deliveries with gestational diabetes.

Gestational diabetes, a frequent pregnancy complication marked by elevated maternal blood glucose, can cause serious adverse effects for both mother and fetus, including increased amniotic fluid and risks of fetal asphyxia, hypoxia, and premature birth. To construct a predictive model to analyze the risk factors for macrosomia in deliveries with gestational diabetes. From January 2021 to February 2023, 362 pregnant women with gestational diabetes were selected for the study. They were followed up until delivery. Based on newborn birth weight, the participants were divided into the macrosomia group (birth weight ⩾ 4000 g) and the non-macrosomia group (birth weight < 4000 g). The data of the two groups of pregnant women were compared. ROC curves were plotted to analyze the predictive value of multiple factors for the delivery of macrosomic infants among pregnant women with gestational diabetes. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify the risk factors for delivering macrosomic infants and the model was tested. A total of 362 pregnant women with gestational diabetes were included, of which 58 (16.02%) had babies with macrosomia. The macrosomia group exhibited higher metrics in several areas compared to those without: pre-pregnancy BMI, fasting glucose, 1h and 2h OGTT sugar levels, weight gain during pregnancy, and levels of triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C, all with significant differences (P< 0.05). ROC analysis revealed predictive value for macrosomia with AUCs of 0.761 (pre-pregnancy BMI), 0.710 (fasting glucose), 0.671 (1h OGTT), 0.634 (2h OGTT), 0.850 (weight gain), 0.837 (triglycerides), 0.742 (LDL-C), and 0.776 (HDL-C), indicating statistical significance (P< 0.05). Logistic regression identified high pre-pregnancy BMI, fasting glucose, weight gain, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels as independent risk factors for macrosomia, with odds ratios of 2.448, 2.730, 1.884, 16.919, and 5.667, respectively, and all were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The model's AUC of 0.980 (P< 0.05) attests to its reliability and stability. The delivery of macrosomic infants in gestational diabetes may be related to factors such as body mass index before pregnancy, blood-glucose levels, gain weight during pregnancy, and lipid levels. Clinical interventions targeting these factors should be implemented to reduce the incidence of macrosomia.

Contributing factors of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage development in young adults.

The incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young people is relatively low; however, it leads to devastating lifelong neurologic deficits. We focused on spontaneous ICH occurring in young adults between 30 and 50 years of age. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 139 patients, aged 30-50 years, diagnosed with spontaneous ICH between 2011 and 2021. Cases of ICH attributable to discernible causative lesions were excluded. Demographic data, laboratory results, image findings, and clinical outcome were analyzed. After exclusions, 73 patients were included in this study. Common characteristics among the study patients included male sex (83.6%), high body mass index (>25 kg/m2, 45.8%), smoking history (47.2%), heavy alcohol consumption (30.6%), previously diagnosed hypertension (41.1%), high serum triglyceride level (>150 mg/dL, 33.3%), and microbleeds or white matter changes observed on magnetic resonance images (51.3%). In the multivariate analysis, previously diagnosed hypertension was the sole significant risk factor for cerebral small vessel (OR 7.769, P=0.031). Age, brain stem location, Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission, and hematoma volume were associated with poor outcomes. Hypertension, obesity, smoking, and cerebral small vessel disease were important factors associated with non-lesional spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in young patients. Radiologic changes corresponding to cerebral small vessel disease appeared in young patients (in their 30s) and they were associated with hypertension.

Metabolite Profiles of Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Risk in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study

BackgroundHealthy plant-based diets have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metabolomics can be leveraged to identify potential pathways through which diet influences disease risk. ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify profiles of serum metabolites reflective of plant-based diets of varying quality and examine associations with cardiometabolic risk and T2D. MethodsWe included data from 687 participants of the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort. An overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) were estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Serum metabolites were assayed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Elastic net regression was used to identify sets of metabolites predictive of each diet index, and metabolite profile scores were calculated as the weighted sum of the selected metabolites. Cross-sectional associations between metabolite profile scores and cardiometabolic measures and prospective associations with incident T2D were evaluated with multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regressions. ResultsMetabolite profiles for PDI, hPDI, and uPDI consisted of n = 51, 55, and 45 metabolites, respectively. Metabolites strongly positively correlated with diet indices included phosphatidylcholine (16:0/18:3) for PDI, phosphatidylethanolamine (20:1/20:4) and pantothenate for hPDI, and lysophosphatidylglycerol (18:2/0:0), proline, and lauric acid for uPDI. Higher metabolite profile scores for PDI and hPDI were associated with lower glycemia and lipids measures, whereas a higher uPDI metabolite score was associated with higher triglycerides and lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. A higher metabolite score for hPDI was additionally associated with lower adiposity measures, higher liver fat attenuation, higher adiponectin, lower odds of overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.81) and obesity (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.74), and lower odds of incident T2D (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.97). ConclusionsMetabolite profiles of different plant-based diets were identified. Metabolite profiles of overall and healthy plant-based diets were associated with favorable cardiometabolic risk profiles.

Smoking and Hypertriglyceridemia Predict ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI), presented as ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is influenced by atherosclerosis risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of presentation of patients with acute MI in Kosovo. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, which included all patients hospitalized with acute MI over a period of 7 years. Among the 7353 patients admitted with acute MI (age 63 ± 12 years, 29% female), 59.4% had STEMI and 40.6% had NSTEMI. The patients with NSTEMI patients less (48.3% vs. 54%, p < 0.001), but more of them had diabetes (37.8% vs. 33.6%, p < 0.001), hypertension (69.6% vs. 63%, p < 0.001), frequently had a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) (40% vs. 38%, p = 0.009), and had more females compared to the patients with STEMI (32% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). The patients with NSTEMI underwent less primary percutaneous interventions compared with the patients with STEMI (43.6% vs. 55.2%, p < 0.001). Smoking [1.277 (1.117-1.459), p ˂ 0.001] and high triglycerides [0.791 (0.714-0.878), p = 0.02] were independent predictors of STEMI. In Kosovo, patients with STEMI are more common than those with NSTEMI, and they were mostly males and more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of CAD compared to those with NSTEMI. Smoking and high triglycerides proved to be the strongest predictors of acute STEMI in Kosovo, thus highlighting the urgent need for optimum atherosclerosis risk control and education strategies.

Exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in gills of Sinocyclocheilus grahami

Early cyanobacterial blooms studies observed that exposure to blue-green algae led to fish gills impairment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic mechanisms of exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa (MaE) on fish gills. In this study, the toxic mechanism of MaE (2×106 cells/mL) and one of its main components phytosphingosine (PHS) with two concentrations 2.9 ng/mL and 145 ng/mL were conducted by integrating histopathology, biochemical biomarkers, and transcriptomics techniques in Sinocyclocheilus grahami (S. grahami) for 96 h exposure. Damaged gill tissue with epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, remarkable Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity, disrupted the redox homeostats including lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses were observed in the fish of MaE exposure group. Compare to MaE exposure, two concentrations of PHS exposure appeared to be a trend of lower degree of tissue damage, NKA activity and oxidative stress, but induced obviously lipid metabolism disorder with higher triglycerides, total cholesterol and total bile acid, which might be responsible for inflammation responses in fish gill. By transcriptome analysis, MaE exposure were primarily enriched in pathways related to gill function and immune response. PHS exposure, with higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways. We concluded that MaE and PHS were induced the inflammatory responses, with oxidative stress-induced inflammation for MaE exposure but lipid metabolism disorder-induced inflammation for PHS exposure. The present study provided two toxin-induced gill inflammation response pathways under cyanobacterial blooms, which could be a scientific basis for the ecological and health risk assessment in the aquatic environment.