Highest Total Flavonoid Content Research Articles

Phenolic characterization, antimutagenic, antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of seven endemic Dianthus species from Turkey

Dianthus genus, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, encompasses over 300 species. Various Dianthus spp. have long been utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of a wide range of conditions including chronic pain, urinary infections, carbuncles, menostasis, gonorrhea, cough, liver diseases, and certain types of cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the biological activities (antimutagenicity, antibacterial and antioxidant), total phenol-flavonoid content and individual phenolic constituents of methanolic extracts of two different parts [FC (flower+capitulum) and LS (leaf+stem)] of seven different endemic Dianthus spp. (D. ancyrensis, D. aticii, D. balansae, D. carmelitarum, D. kastembeluensis, D. lydus and D. leucophaeus) found in Bolu, Turkey. In the antimutagenicity tests, D. carmelitarum, D. ancyrensis. D. kastembeluensis and D. lydus demonstrated higher inhibition effect against the mutagenic activity of sodium azide (NaN3) and 4-nitro-o-phenylene diamine (NPD) on Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains, respectively. D. carmelitarum-LS displayed the highest antimutagenic effect against the mutagen (base-substitution) on the TA 100 strain, while D. carmelitarum-FC exhibited the highest inhibition against mutagenic activity (frame-shift mutagenesis) by 4-nitro-o-phenylene diamine (NPD) on S. typhimurium TA98 strain. Among the tested 17 bacteria, only 4 bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia) demonstrated sensitivity to five different Dianthus spp. D. leucophaeus exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. Furthermore, S. pyogenes was quite susceptible to D. kastembeluensis, D. aticii and D. lydus. The most powerful radical scavenging activity was observed with D. balansae-LS. Consistent with this result, D. balansae-LS showed the highest total phenolic content. D. aticii-LS had the highest content of total flavonoid. U-HPLC analysis revealed that rutin, phloridzin, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were the most dominant compounds in endemic Dianthus spp. These findings highlight the potential of these plants as valuable natural sources for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Jordanian Pomegranate peels.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels have shown numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These health activities are owed to the unique phytochemical components present in pomegranate peels. Variations in the pomegranate cultivar, geographical region, and extraction methods significantly affect the phytochemical composition and concentrations of pomegranate fruits and their peels, hence their health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the phytochemical contents of pomegranate peels of Jordanian origin and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among the 6 extracts of pomegranate peels tested, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 297.70 ± 1.73 mg GAE/g DW), highest total flavonoids content (TFC = 116.08 ± 3.46 mg RE/g DW), highest hydrolyzable tannins (HT) contents (688.50 ± 3.54 mg TE/g DW). Whereas the highest condensed tannins (CT) content was found in both the ethanol (13.87 ± 0.58 mg CE/g DW) and methanol (13.84 ± 0.55 mg CE/g DW) extracts. For the antioxidant activities, the water extract of pomegranate peels displayed the highest inhibitory effect on DPPH radicals (9.43 ± 0.06 μmole TE/g DW), while for the ABTS+ assay the methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited the highest activities of 11.09 ± 0.02 and 11.09 ± 0.06 μmole TE/g DW, respectively. For the FRAP assay, the aqueous methanol extract exhibited the highest reducing activity (1.60 ± 0.09 mmole Fe (II)/g DW). As for the antimicrobial activities of various extracts of pomegranate peels, the highest antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus was achieved by the ethanol extract (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL), whereas the lowest antimicrobial activity was observed against Candida krusei using the methanol extract (MIC = 100 mg/mL). These results indicate that pomegranate peels of Jordanian origin are rich in phytochemical content and exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities making these agroindustrial by-products potential candidates for various medical applications and possible safe sources for important bioactive components.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of four Medicinal Plants for Antidiabetic Purposes Used in the Ivorian Pharmacopoeia

Aims: This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts from four plants used in the Yamoussoukro district (Côte d'Ivoire) for the treatment of diabetes.
 Methodology: Secondary metabolites of four plants (Alchornea cordifolia, Ocimum gratissimum, Tetrapleura tetraptera and Vernonia colorata) were carried out by phytochemical screening using appropriate reagents. Polyphenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin- ciocalteu colorimetric method. The antioxidant activity of the various extracts was then assessed in vitro using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) assay. Acute toxicity was also assessed by administering extracts orally to mice in single increasing doses. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities were determined by monitoring blood glucose levels in mice after administration of the extracts.
 Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, as well as alkaloids, saponosides, terpenes and sterols in all extracts. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained with the V. colorata extract (58.10 mg/g QE). The A. cordifolia extract had the highest content of total polyphenols (57.56 ± 2.34 mg/g GAE) and total tannins (0.84 ± 0.02 mg/g TAE). Also, the highest antioxidant capacity (0.4190 mg/mL) was observed with the A. cordifolia extract, as well as good hypoglycemic activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW. In addition, all the extracts studied had a lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg BW.
 Conclusion and Outlook: These results show that the plant extracts studied contain several secondary metabolites responsible for their good antioxidant capacities. What's more, the plants studied have good anti-diabetic activity and are non-toxic by the oral route. This could justify their use in traditional medicine to combat diabetes.

Metabolic profiling provides insights into the accumulation patterns of flavonoids and phenolic acids in different parts of Lactuca indica L.

Lactuca indica L. contains high amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids. However, there is limited information on the composition of these compounds in different parts of the plant. The present study analyzed the secondary metabolite profiles of the stem, leaf, flower, and seed of Lactuca indicaL.cv. Mengzao (LIM) using a widely targeted metabolomic approach. A total of 576 secondary metabolites were identified, including 218, 267, 232, 286, 302, and 308 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the stem_vs_leaf, stem_vs_flower, stem_vs_seed, leaf_vs_flower, leaf_vs_seed, and flower_vs_seed comparisons. In particular, considerable differences were detected in the flavonoids and phenolic acids, five flavonoids, five phenolic acids, one triterpenoid and one alkaloid being differentially accumulated in the four parts. Compared to the stem and flower, the leaf and seed had higher total flavonoid content and total phenolic content. Thses findings provide comprehensive insights into utilizing different parts of LIM in developing functional food products.

Chemical Characterization of Corydalis chaerophylla D.C. Extracts and Preliminary Evaluation of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Biological Properties.

Genus Corydalis is a rich source of isoquinoline alkaloids reported to having potential bioactivities. Corydalis chaerophylla collected from Nepal at an altitude of 2400-4800 m was extracted using hexane, methanol and chloroform as solvents. The resulting hexane, methanol and chloroform extracts were subjected to LC-DAD-MSn analysis to yield fifteen different alkaloids. To assess any potential pharmacological properties, antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive, two Gram-negative bacterial strains and one fungal strain was assessed, revealing significant inhibitive action of the methanol and chloroform extracts. Of the extracts obtained using chloroform contained the highest content of phenolic compounds at 113 mg GAE/g, while the highest total flavonoid content was found for the hexane extract with a value of 46.45 mg QE/g. The chloroform extract also exhibited a considerable antioxidant activity at IC50 value, 261.5±3 μg/mL, for the DPPH assay. Conversely, the methanol extract exhibited the highest LC50 value for Brine Shrimp cytotoxicity at 196±3 μg/mL being least potential for the test. The methanol extract was found to be the most active against α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 of 51.52±2 μg/mL. In an in vivo acute oral toxicity study against mice, methanol and chloroform extracts presented harmful effects with 1000.36 mg/kg BW and 515 mg/kg BW for LD50 , respectively. By analyzing all the results of the solvents used, the chloroform extract was found to be the most active, a feature that will be used in future isolation procedures and other pharmacological tests.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Barleria albostellata C.B. Clarke

Barleria albostellata C.B. Clarke (Acanthaceae) is a plant native to South Africa and relatively few studies have been performed on it. Species in this genus are known for their ethnopharmacological and phyto-medicinal values. In this study, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents and the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts were evaluated at five different concentrations (15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the extracts of B. albostellata was assessed in vitro using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while the phenolic content was determined using a Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The extracts’ cytotoxicity was established using a 3-[(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK293), cervical cancer (HeLa), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. Methanolic leaf extracts had the highest total flavonoid content (42.39 ± 1.14 mg GAE/g DW) compared to other solvents. Additionally, the total phenolic content was the greatest in the methanol leaf extract (6.05 ± 0.09 GAE/g DW), followed by the methanol stem extracts (2.93 ± 0.73 GAE/g DW). The methanolic leaf and stem extract concentrations needed for 50% inhibition (DPPH) were 16.95 µg/mL and 14.27 µg/mL, respectively, whereas for FRAP, the reducing powers of all extracts were considerably lower than the ascorbic acid standard. The IC50 values of extracts tested in the three cell lines were >63 µg/mL. According to the findings of our study, the leaves and stems of B. albostellata are rich in several bioactive compounds that may be a possible source of natural antioxidants and may have the potential to treat certain diseases. The extraction of the bioactive compounds from the leaves and stems of B. albostellata using bioassay-guided fractionation and the assessment of their safety will be essential for further investigations into this species in the search of potential novel therapeutic drug leads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the cytotoxic activities of leaf and stem extracts of Barleria albostellata.

Estimation of nutritional composition of kitchen wastes and comparison of the effect of different drying methods on bioactive compounds in the wastes

The study aimed to estimate the nutritional compositions of five most common household kitchen wastes and also analyze some specific bioactive compounds in different drying methods to compare their stability. The stalks of red amaranth have the highest moisture content (91.03%). The largest percentages of ash (11.47%) and fiber (12.43%) are found in banana peel. The most protein (22.58%) and fat (20.53%) content were found in watermelon seeds. Highest amount of Iron was found in watermelon seeds (24.7 mg/100 g), Calcium in cauliflower stalks (226.56 mg/100 g), Phosphorus in watermelon seeds (753.26 mg/100 g). Total antioxidant activity was found profoundly in orange peel and red amaranth stalks as 2.52 g and 2.37 g of Ascorbic acid/100 g sample respectively. Total phenolic content was notably found maximum in banana peel and red amaranth stalks, as 763.67 mg and 317.78 mg of GAE/100 g respectively. Banana peel and orange peel both have extremely high total flavonoid contents, with 624.33 mg and 506 mg of QE/100 g sample, respectively. Tannin content in Red amaranth stalks was found to be extremely high at 511.51 mg of Tannic acid/100 g of sample. More alkaloids were identified in orange peel and red amaranth stalks than other waste items, 53.25% and 55.25%, respectively. According to vitamins, banana peel has 293.2 mg of beta-carotene per 100 g of sample, which is a very high quantity. Cauliflower stalks possess a rich content of Vitamin-C (813.0 mg/100 g sample). The results reveal that different drying methods have different levels of effects on the bioactive compounds. Both sun drying and cabinet drying led to significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in these compounds. Freeze drying did not have much effect on the levels of the bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds are sensitive and are affected by the method of drying employed.

Grey Correlation Analysis of Drying Characteristics and Quality of Hypsizygus marmoreus (Crab-Flavoured Mushroom) By-Products.

The physical properties and nutritional quality of H. marmoreus by-products (HMB) dried by different methods were comprehensively evaluated by a rigorous statistical method of grey correlation analysis. The results indicated that different drying methods had significant impacts on the characteristics of HMB. Heat pump drying (HPD) was conducive to the preservation of protein and reducing sugar, and hot air drying (HAD) maintained a high content of total flavonoids. The highest fat, polysaccharide, and total phenolic contents were obtained by heated vacuum freeze-drying (H-VFD) treatment. The unheated vacuum freeze-drying (UH-VFD) treatment achieved bright colour, lacunose texture profile, and looser organization structure. The grey correlation analysis showed that UH-VFD and H-VFD had higher-weighted correlation degrees than HPD and HAD. HMB had many higher nutritional components than commodity specifications, especially protein, fat, polyphenols, and amino acids, and had potential applications in the food industry as functional foods and nutraceutical agents.

Extraction of Flavonoid Content from Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca L.) by Ultrasound – Assisted Extraction Method and Its SPF Value

In this study, banana peel was used as a natural sunscreen compound because of its natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phenols. Extraction is carried out using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction method with variations in ethanol solvent concentration and material to solvent ratio at 45oC for 45 minutes. The ethanol concentrations used are 96%, 70%, and 50% and the material to solvent ratio 1/10, 1/20, and 1/30. From the results of the study, the highest yield and SPF value were obtained at ethanol concentration of 50% and material to solvent ratio 1/30. The yield in this variation is 15.2646%, and the SPF value is 8.9874 with the maximum protection category. The highest Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) results was obtained at 70% ethanol concentration and the ratio of material to solvent 1/30, namely 1.6559 mg QE/g. From the variation with the best TFC value, the mass transfer coefficient is 0.0151 mL/µg QE.min.

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic properties of Alpinia coriandriodora (sweet ginger) rhizome.

Alpinia coriandriodora, also known as sweet ginger, is a medicinal and edible plant. A. coriandriodora rhizome is popularly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and as flavouring spices, but there are few reports on its constituents and bioactivities. This study analyzed the phytochemical components of A. coriandriodora rhizome by GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and evaluated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic properties. According to the GC-FID/MS data, its rhizome essential oil (EO) consisted mainly of (E)-2-decenal (53.8%), (E)-2-decenyl acetate (24.4%), (Z)-3-dodecenyl acetate (3.5%), and (E)-2-octenal (3.5%). Its water extract (WE) and 70% ethanol extract (EE) showed high total phenolic content (TPC, 52.99-60.49 mg GAEs/g extract) and total flavonoid content (TFC, 260.69-286.42 mg REs/g extract). In addition, the phytochemicals of WE and EE were further characterized using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and a total of sixty-three compounds were identified, including fourteen phenolic components and twenty-three flavonoid compounds. In the antioxidant assay, WE and EE revealed a potent scavenging effect on DPPH (IC50: 6.59 ± 0.88 mg/mL and 17.70 ± 1.15 mg/mL, respectively), surpassing the BHT (IC50: 21.83 ± 0.89 mg/mL). For the antimicrobial activities, EO displayed excellent antibacterial capabilities against Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus with DIZ (12.60-22.17 mm), MIC (0.78-1.56 mg/mL), and MBC (3.13 mg/mL) and significantly inhibited Aspergillus flavus growth (MIC = 0.313 mg/mL, MFC = 0.625 mg/mL, respectively). In addition to weak tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibition, EE and WE had a prominent inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.013 ± 0.001 mg/mL and 0.017 ± 0.002 mg/mL), which was significantly higher than acarbose (IC50: 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Hence, the rhizome of A. coriandriodora has excellent potential for utilization in the pharmaceutical and food fields as a source of bioactive substances.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare.

The aim of this study was to investigate the compounds in the hexane extract of Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. and to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different extracts. The Cirsium vulgare (NGBB 7229) plant was collected from Turkey's Trakya region. Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents. The chemical composition of Cirsium vulgare was determined in hexane extract using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the β-carotene bleaching method, and the determination of superoxide anion scavenging activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium, whereas the antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus fumigatus by applying microdilution methods. A total of 41 bioactive compounds were identified using the GC-MS library. Terpenoids were found to be dominant (52.89%), and lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-acetate and lupeol were the most abundant terpenoids. The highest total flavonoid content (25.73 mg catechin/g) and antioxidant capacity were found in the methanolic extract. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against Bacillus subtilis in the ethyl acetate extract, and the highest antifungal activity was found against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus in the hexane extract. The observed antioxidant characteristics of the C. vulgare extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids. The high antifungal activity of the hexane extract against all fungal strains can be attributed to its constituents, i.e., terpenoids. This study discloses the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including some bioactive components, of Cirsium vulgare and implies that Cirsium vulgare holds possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.

Molecular Networking and Bioassay-Guided Preparation and Separation of Active Extract and Constituents from Vicia tenuifolia Roth.

Molecular networking drove the selection of material from V. tenuifolia organs that targeted active flavonoid glycosides. To optimize the extraction process, the flowers of V. tenuifolia were used to produce an anti-inflammatory extract. The effects of variables-organic solvent ratio; extraction time; and temperature-were investigated by the response of anti-inflammatory activity. Bioactivities-guided experiments helped identify fractions with high total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant potential. Furthermore, one new compound (1), 19 first isolated together, and two known compounds were obtained and identified from the active fraction of this plant. Among them, compounds (15 and 22) were first reported for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data from this study. All the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory capacity throughout, modulating nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8 production. Active compounds were further investigated for their regulation and binding affinity to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins by Western blot and in silico approaches, respectively. The findings of this study suggested that the developed extract method, active fraction, and pure components should be further investigated as promising candidates for treating inflammation and oxidation.

Mineral contents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Algerian Terfezia claveryi extracts

Terfezia species are known for their high nutritional value and diverse biological activities due to their unique chemical composition. The current study aims to evaluate the different extracts of Terfezia claveryi Chatin for their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and mineral content. The antioxidant activity was evaluated via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS and phosphomolybdenum assays. While the in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated via disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureusas a Gram-positive bacteria as well as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Gram-negative bacteria. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated via Folin-Ciocalteu's and AlCl3 assays, respectively. The mineral content was evaluated via using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the antioxidant assays, the aqueous extract showed the most potent activity IC50/DPPH equal to 0.09mg/mL, IC50/ABTS equal to 0.24mg/mL and total antioxidant capacity equal to 0.10. Among all the tested extracts, the aqueous extract showed the highest TPC (176.67 mg GAE / g DW) and the highest TFC (14.53 mg ER / g DW). Obviously, the antioxidant activities are exist in a positive correlation with the TPC and TFC. On the other side, the tested extracts exhibited strong to moderate antibacterial activity against tested pathogenic microbial strains. The methanolic and aqueous extracts showed the most potent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zones 21.91 and 15.79 mm, respectively. The extracts contain macroelements like Na (3293.01 mg‧kg-1dw) and K (21092.19 mg‧kg-1dw). Additionally, they contain micro-elements like Fe (16.45 mg‧kg-1dw), Cu (22.80 mg‧kg-1dw) and Ni (27.88 mg‧kg-1dw). In conclusion, T. claveryi extracts are considered as promising sources of naturally occurring antioxidant and antimicrobial agents as well as their high nutritional values.

Cakes fortified with papaya seeds effectively protects against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity

Maintaining a robust immune system and safeguarding the liver from toxins are crucial for overall health. The study aimed to investigate the immunostimulant effects of papaya seed-enriched cakes (CPS) in countering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced immunocytotoxicity in rats (n = 48). The rats were divided into six groups (8 each): a control group (Group 1), rats fed cakes containing 15% papaya seeds (Group 2 — CPS), rats exposed only to CCl4 (Group 3 — CCl4), rats injected with CCl4 and administered silymarin (Group 4 — CCl4 + S), rats receiving both CCl4 and cakes with papaya seeds (Group 5 — CCl4 + CPS), and rats receiving both CCl4 and silymarin with papaya seed-enriched cakes (Group 6 — CCl4 + CPS + S). HPLC analysis of papaya seeds revealed the presence of ten polyphenol compounds, with quercetin, apigenin, and catechin identified as major flavonoids, along with pyrogallol, ellagic, and gallic acid as predominant phenolic acids. These compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity, attributed to the seeds’ high total phenolic and flavonoid content. The administration of CCl4 significantly affected hematological parameters, liver enzymes, hepatic oxidative stress, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IgG, as well as IgM. However, rats fed with CPS exhibited mitigation of CCl4-induced toxic effects on hematological parameters and hepatotoxicity. CPS consumption enhanced the antioxidant system, improved inflammatory markers, and immune parameters, restoring them to normal levels. Histopathological analysis confirmed CPS’s ability to reduce CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis. Immunohistochemical assessment further revealed reduced immunoreactivity against cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased COX2 immunoreactivity, indicating hepatocellular regeneration in CPS. The combination of CPS and silymarin demonstrated even more notable improvements, suggesting augmented protective impacts against CCl4-induced immunosuppression and hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, CPS exhibited antioxidant properties and effectively protected against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, with additional benefits observed when combined with silymarin. These findings emphasize the potential health advantages of incorporating papaya seeds into food products, promoting immune system health, and safeguarding against liver damage induced by hazardous agents like CCl4.

Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of various Plantago albicans solvent extracts and their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial effects

Herbs and aromatic plants are valuable and excellent sources of nutrients mainly used as food additives. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the phytochemical constituents, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of five Plantago albicans extracts (PAE) (hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol and aqueous). Moreover, the phytochemical analysis outlined the significantly (p < 0.05) richness of PAE in total polyphenol content (TPC), mainly in ethanol (384.00 ± 2.00 mg GAE/g DR) and acetone (371.33 ± 1.15 mg GAE/g DR) extracts with significantly (P ≤ 0.05) high total flavonoid content (TFC), also in ethanol (219.00 ± 2.65 mg QE/g DR) and acetone (170.33 ± 1.53 mg QE/g DR) extracts, which was later confirmed by HPLC-MS spectral analysis for the most relevant extracts identifying nineteen compounds with the major one was luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The extracts with potent antioxidant activity, exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms. Pearson's correlation revealed that a negative and significant correlation between the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and the polyphenols quantity (TPC, TFC). On the other hand, PAE displayed antibacterial effect against all the tested bacterial strains with a strong activity towards E. faecalis. Computational study including toxicological and pharmacokinetic assessment qualified and forecasted a significant drug-likeness properties. Therefore, the present study provides new findings on the use of PAE for the treatment of various disease and application in food processing industry.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Tambourissa ficus, a Mauritian Endemic Fruit

Until now, the Mauritian endemic fruit Tambourissa ficus of the Monimiaceae family has remained unexplored. The study’s goal was to look into the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of the fruit. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, coumarins, alkaloids, and tannins was discovered through qualitative screening. The highest total polyphenol content (TPC = 9.78 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g dw) and the highest total flavonoid content (TFC = 8.84 ± 0.07 mg QE/g dw) was observed in ethanolic extract, while the highest total terpenoid content (TTC = 587.9 ± 0.72 mg linalool/g dw) was found in the acetone extract. The antioxidant activity vs. ABTS was the highest (4.71 ± 0.18 mg TE/g dw) in the ethanol extract. All three groups—TPC, TFC, and TTC revealed a moderate correlation with ABTS antioxidant activity, being 0.754, 0.778, and 0.774 on average, respectively. Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenolic compounds. Individual noteworthy phytochemicals, including the alkaloids chelidonine, protopine, and brevicarine, which are potential antioxidant compounds, were also discovered in the fruit through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) screening. The overall antioxidant activity of the fruit can, therefore, be attributed to the synergistic effects of the multiple chemical components in the extracts.

The influence of cinnamon powder on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of beef burger during refrigerated storage

The current study investigated the phenolic and flavonoid content of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) powder (CIN–P), as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and the influence of CIN–P concentration (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/100 g) on beef burgers quality after stored for 3 weeks at 4 °C. The CIN–P had a high total phenolic (8.13 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid (1.42 mg CE/g) contents, as well as a high DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity (85.97%) and IC50 (0.213 mg/ml). At 100 μg/disc, the CIN–P effectively prevented the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The CIN–P in raw beef burger had no noticeable impact on the pH and retard microbial growth during cold storage. CIN–P at 1 and 2% enhanced the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of raw burger, resulting in less lipid oxidation (TBARS) across the storage period (21 days) at 4 °C. Moreover, the CIN–P significantly (P ≤ 0.05) changed the color parameters and improved the cooking properties of beef burgers (yield, retention of fat and moisture, and shrinkage). Furthermore, the sensory acceptability of the burgers containing 1 and 2 g CIN–P/100 g was higher (P ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control and 0.5 g CIN–P/100 g burgers. Finally, the bioactive components in CIN–P can increase the shelf life of beef burgers while also improving their safety and characteristics.

A comparative phytochemical analysis of fresh fruits of some cultivated species of the &lt;i&gt;Crataegus&lt;/i&gt; L.

Aim a comparative study of the content of flavonoids in the fresh fruits of some cultivated species of the genus Crataegus L.&#x0D; Material and methods. The objects of the study were fresh fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus submollis Sarg. and Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch harvested on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Samara University in September 2022 during their ripening. A direct spectrophotometry was chosen as a study method.&#x0D; Results. The absorption curves of water-alcohol extracts of fresh fruits of the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch have a maximum of 280 2 nm due to procyanidins. The highest content of total flavonoid 1.27 0.07% expressed as catechin equivalents was found in the fruits of Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch. The highest content of the total flavonoids was noted in the exocarp of fresh fruits of the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch. Fresh fruits of the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch are suitable for obtaining juice, while the content of total flavonoids equivalent to catechin is 0.30 0.02%.&#x0D; Conclusion. Fruits of the North American species Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch are promising for the procurement of medicinal plant raw materials and use in medical practice.

Effect of phosphorus fertilization on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Galanthus elwesii Hook.

Snowdrop is a genus of high medicinal value with alkaloids such as galantamine, and lycorine of the Amaryllidaceae family. The present study was conducted to have an effect on the effects of phosphorus (P) treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in Galanthus elwesii Hook. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of P ( 0, 3, 6, and 12 kg da-1). The study was carried out in the 2018-2019 growing season. G. elwesii were harvested based on different growing stages (flowering and fruit ripening). In this study, the bulb and roots of the plant were used. Total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined in harvested bulb and roots. The highest TPC was detected as 358.36 mg GAE/g in the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TPC determined as 80.13 mg GAE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The highest TFC was detected as 108.07 mg QE/g with the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TFC was determined as 52.33 mg QE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The main phenolic component of G. elwesii was determined to be gallic acid (GA). In antioxidant activity, while the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (72.30%) was in the flowering period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1, the highest ferrous ions chelating activity (66.77%) was detected in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. As a result, it was determined that TPC, TFC and DPPH activity in G. elwesii of flowering period ˃fruit ripening period.

Polyphenol Contents, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract and Fractions of Sonneratia Caseolaris Fruits from Ben Tre Province in Vietnam.

Plants contain a large number of phytochemical components, many of which are known as bioactive compounds and responsible for the expression of various pharmacological activities. The extract of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit collected in Vietnam was investigated for its total phenolic and total flavonoid contents using methanol solvent and different fractions of S. caseolaris fruits (hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous). GC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the bioactive chemical constituents occurring in the active extract. Further, the antibacterial activity was tested in vitro on bacterial isolates, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, using the disc diffusion method on tryptic soya agar (TSA) medium. The methanol extract showed high total flavonoid (82.3 ± 0.41 mg QE/g extract) and phenolic (41.0 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g extract) content. GC-MS of the methanol extract and different fractions of S. caseolaris fruits detected 20 compounds, principally fatty alcohols, fatty acids, phenols, lipids, terpenes derivatives, and carboxylic acids derivatives. A 50 mg/ml concentration of methanol extract had the strongest antibacterial activity on E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Furthermore, ethyl acetate, aqueous, and n-butanol fractions inhibited S. aureus and B. subtilis the most. The results of the present study suggested that the fruits of S. caseolaris are rich sources of phenolic compounds that can contribute to safe and cost-effective treatments.