Higher Subjective Well-being Research Articles

Subjective well-being patterns in older men and women without someone to confide in: a latent class analysis approach.

This study aimed to identify the latent subtypes of subjective well-being (SWB) and associated factors in older adults without a confidant in China. The data came from the most recent (seventh) wave (2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). This cross-sectional study included 350 older adults who lacked a close confidant. We utilized latent class analysis and multiple logistic regression models to examine the latent SWB subtypes and associated factors. Three distinct patterns of SWB were identified: the very low SWB class (32%), the medium-low SWB class (46%), and the low evaluative and high affective SWB class (22%). The results indicated that compared to the low evaluative and high affective SWB class, respondents who self-rated their health as not good, currently drank alcohol and rated their financial status as poor/very poor were more likely to be in the very low SWB class, while those who participated in social activities were less likely to be in the very low SWB class. Respondents who had limitations in instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) and rated their financial status as poor/very poor were more likely to be in the medium-low SWB class. However, gender did not affect SWB patterns. Our findings highlight awareness of the heterogeneity of SWB in older adults without close confidants and provide valuable information for the development of tailored intervention programs to improve their well-being.

Does the use of the internet enhance residents’ well-being?—Evidence from China

Using data from the 2018 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study empirically examined the impact of Chinese residents’ Internet use on their subjective well-being. The results show that Internet use significantly increases residents’ subjective well-being; the results of the marginal effect show that the increase in Internet use increases the probability of residents choosing “Relatively happy” and “Extremely happy”; further analysis shows that Internet use increases the probability of residents choosing “Relatively happy” and “Extremely happy” through the marginal effect. “Moreover, in the heterogeneity analysis, Internet use significantly increases the subjective happiness of middle-aged people aged 35–60, and increases the subjective happiness of low-education and low-income groups, while rural residents have higher subjective well-being from Internet use relative to urban residents. This study mitigates the estimation bias that may be caused by the sample self-selection problem through propensity score matching (PSM), and conducts a series of robustness tests on the empirical results. Therefore, the government should emphasize the role of Internet use in enhancing residents’ happiness and promoting the happiness effect of Internet use by further improving Internet infrastructure and upgrading residents’ Internet use skills.

Асертивність як чинник соціально-психологічної адаптації жінок-мігранток

B a c k g r o u n d . Assertiveness is considered to be a significant characteristic of a woman, which determines her ability to effectively interact with the surrounding society on an equal footing and maintain mental health. The article presents a study of assertiveness as a factor in the socio- psychological adaptation of Ukrainian migrant women. The study is based on the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the development of assertiveness and the success of social and psychological adaptation of migrant women. It is assumed that the presence of assertiveness in such women is also associated with their higher subjective well-being. M e t h o d s . To obtain empirical data, the following methods were used: "Research of Assertiveness Level" (V. Capponi and T. Novak), Method of Social-Psychological Adaptation by C. Rogers and R. Diamond, "PERMA-Profiler" Questionnaire (Butler and Kern). The SPSS Statistics version 26.0 statistical package and the standard MS Excel program package were used to analyze the obtained data. Descriptive statistics are used to calculate group mean, minimum and maximum values, and standard deviation of mass data. Also applied: Kolmogorov – Smirnov and Shapiro – Wilk criteria, Kruskal-Wallis criterion for independent samples, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Sample. 52 Ukrainian women aged 19 to 72 years who, because of the Russian-Ukrainian war, became migrants or ended up in safer regions of Ukraine as internally displaced persons. R e s u l t s . During the study, direct connections of assertiveness as a factor in the organization of the interaction of migrant women with representatives of an unfamiliar environment with the effectiveness of their social and psychological adaptation processes and the level of subjective well-being were statistically confirmed. C o n c l u s i o n s . Assertiveness is a statistically significant factor that helps Ukrainian women, who ended up abroad because of the war, to overcome life challenges associated with a forced change in the social and cultural environment.

Associations between levels of physical activity and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

A robust association between physical activity (PA) and satisfaction with life (SWL) has been established, wherein self-efficacy has been identified as a mediator across different populations. However, there is a need to further examine the relationship between PA and SWL and whether self-efficacy act a as mediator within different levels of PA among Norwegian adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the relationship between levels of PA and SWL by testing for self-efficacy as a possible mediator. Cross-sectional data from the 2022 Norwegian Ungdata Survey was utilized. Data included demographics and various health data that was collected anonymously. The electronic survey took place in classrooms and was administered by the respective teacher. Permission to access and use data was approved by the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (SIKT). Statistical analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro by Andrew Hayes for SPSS software. Descriptive findings revealed that girls reported lower self-efficacy than boys (14.2 vs. 15.5, with a maximum of 20) and lower SWL (6.8 vs. 7.6, with a maximum of 10). About one out of five girls and one out of seven boys reported no days of weekly PA, whereas 4% of girls and 9.5% of boys adhered to the PA-recommendation of 60-min of daily exercise. Associations between PA levels and SWL was mediated by self-efficacy (all p < 0.05), with the highest indirect effect (56.3%) revealed in the association between those adhering to the PA-recommendations and SWL. Norwegian girls reported more sedentary behavior, less PA, lower self-efficacy, and lower SWL than boys across all grade levels. Mediation analysis revealed that up to 56.3% of the enhancement in SWL among those adhering to 60-min of PA recommendations was explained by increased self-efficacy. Norwegian government and policymakers should promote initiatives and regulations focusing on higher levels of PA to foster a resilient adolescent population with higher individual beliefs and higher subjective wellbeing.

Subjective Well-Being and Burnout Among the Maternal and Child Health Workforce.

This study investigates burnout and subjective well-being among the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) workforce, considering recent events such as the Dobbs decision, the maternal mortality crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 313 MCH professionals in the United States. Data were collected using validated measures, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) short scale. Sociodemographic characteristics and factors associated with burnout and subjective well-being were examined using univariate statistics and multivariable models. Analysis revealed moderate levels of burnout among MCH professionals, particularly in emotional exhaustion. However, subjective well-being levels were relatively high. After controlling for covariates, significant associations were found between subjective well-being and burnout dimensions, as well as sociodemographic factors such as sex and race. The study's findings indicate that higher subjective well-being is significantly associated with lower burnout, emotional exhaustion, and higher personal accomplishment. Variations in burnout and well-being are also influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, race, and occupation. Tailored interventions addressing the specific needs of MCH professionals are essential for building a resilient workforce. Organizational reforms and legislative measures are crucial for fostering supportive workplace environments and ensuring access to care and services amidst workforce challenges.

Mastery Approach Goals Mediate the Relationship Between Authenticity and Academic Cheating: Evidence from Cross-Sectional and Two-Wave Longitudinal Studies.

Prior studies revealed several beneficial aspects of being authentic, such as higher subjective well-being, more harmonious interpersonal relationships, and better workplace performance. However, how authenticity relates to unethical cheating behaviors in the academic context remains to be seen. Based on the literature review, the present study hypothesized that authenticity may be negatively linked to academic cheating through the mediating path of mastery approach goals. In Study 1, 250 college students self-reported their demographics and academic performance, and completed the scales of authenticity, academic cheating, mastery approach goals, and social desirability. In Study 2, 111 college students completed the same measures as in Study 1 at two different time points (5 months in between). In Study 1, the results indicated that authenticity was positively associated with mastery approach goals, and both were negatively associated with academic cheating. After controlling for the confounding effect of gender, age, academic performance, and social desirability, mastery approach goals were identified as a mediator in the authenticity-academic cheating relationship. In Study 2, the correlation result confirmed the association patterns found in Study 1. Moreover, cross-lagged analysis supported the directionality proposed in the mediation model. The findings identified the mediating role of mastery approach goals in the link between authenticity and academic cheating, supporting the motivated cognition perspective of personality, the motivational model of academic cheating, and the self-determination theory. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research were provided.

Local public transport and neighbourhood satisfaction: The effect on older adults' subjective wellbeing

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted older adults in terms of both physical (high mortality rate) and psychological health. In these challenging times more than ever, exploring which dimensions affect the older people's subjective wellbeing is relevant. As the literature has shown, older people prefer to age in place: the living environment and the presence of local services (including public transport) play a key role. The effects of social environment on older people's mobility, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic period remain a less studied topic. Within this context, the paper aims to explore the role of satisfaction with neighbourhood, local public transport, and socio-demographic characteristics in influencing subjective wellbeing in Italy, during the Covid-19 pandemic. A survey has been addressed to people aged over 65 years old in three Italian cities (Milan, Padua, and Varese). A structural equation model and an ordered logit model have been performed. Results show that older adults who are satisfied with their neighbourhood and are happy with the local public transport characteristics are more likely to have higher subjective wellbeing. Moreover, men, older adults living alone, and those who have suffered from an income reduction, due to the pandemic, show lower levels of subjective wellbeing.

Aging at home: factors associated with independence in activities of daily living among older adults in Norway-a HUNT study.

Maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL) is essential for the well-being of older adults. This study examined the relationship between demographic and living situation factors and ADL independence among community-dwelling older adults in Norway. Data was collected in Norway between 2017 and 2019 as part of the fourth wave of the ongoing Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey, sent to all citizens in Trøndelag county over 20 years of age, which is considered representative of the Norwegian population. Included in the current cross-sectional study were 22,504 community-living individuals aged 70 years or older who completed the survey and responded to all items constituting the ADL outcome measure. Group differences in ADL independence were examined with Chi Square tests, while crude and adjusted associations with ADL independence were examined with logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The participants reported a high degree of independence in primary ADL and slightly lower in instrumental ADL. In the fully adjusted analyses, ADL independence was associated with lower age, female gender, higher levels of education and income, higher subjective well-being, having no chronic or disabling disease, and having someone to talk to in confidence. Surprisingly, women who were married had higher likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried women, whereas married men had lower likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried men. In addition to known demographic and disease-related factors, the social context affects independence in ADL even in a society that offers advanced health and homecare services to all older adults equally. Furthermore, the same social setting can have differential effects on men and women. Despite the healthcare system in Norway being well-developed, it does not completely address this issue. Further improvements are necessary to address potential challenges that older adults encounter regarding their social connections and feelings of inclusion. Individuals with limited education and income are especially susceptible to ADL dependency as they age, necessitating healthcare services to specifically cater to this disadvantaged demographic.

Description of Subjective Welfare of Santri at Islamic Boarding Schools

Adolescents need high subjective well-being because adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood so that they are vulnerable to various problems. The same applies to teenage students who live in Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to determine the description of subjective well being in adolescent students at Pondok Pesantren An - Nur Sidoarjo. The number of subjects in this study were 123 students using the proportional stratified random sampling technique from 190 total populations. Collecting data using a Likert scale model on the subjective well being variable. The research analysis uses descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach and utilizes the help of SPSS 25.0 for Windows. The results of this study indicate that most of the subjective well being students are in the moderate category with a percentage of 38% of 47 students. The next result is a description of subjective well being based on gender and age. Subjective well being based on gender shows that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.023 &lt;0.05, then there is a significant difference between the subjective well being of male students. Subjective well being based on the age factor of the students at the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School can show that the value of Sig. 0.000 &lt;0.05, it can be concluded that the average subjective well being based on age is significantly different.

Investigating the effects of rurality on stress, subjective well-being, and weight-related outcomes

PurposeRates of obesity are significantly higher for those living in a rural versus urban setting. High levels of stress and low levels of subjective well-being (SWB) have been linked to poor weight-related behaviors and outcomes, but it is unclear if these relationships differ as a function of rurality. This study investigated the extent to which living in a rural versus urban county ("rurality") moderated associations between stress / subjective wellbeing (predictors) and diet quality, dietary intake of added sugars, physical activity, and BMI (outcomes). MethodsParticipants were recruited from urban (n = 355) and rural (n = 347) counties in Washington State and self-reported psychological, demographic, and food frequency questionnaires while physical activity behavior was measured objectively. FindingsAfter controlling for relevant covariates, levels of stress were positively associated with added sugar intake for those living in the urban county while this relationship was non-significant for those residing in the rural county. Similarly, SWB was negatively associated with added sugar intake, but only for urban residents. County of residence was also found to moderate the relationship between SWB and BMI. Higher SWB was inversely associated with BMI for those living in the urban county while no relationship was observed for rural county residents. ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that the relationships between stress / SWB and weight function differentially based on the rurality of the residing county. This work adds to the growing body of literature highlighting the role stress and SWB play in the rural obesity disparity.

Subjective Well-being of Children Left Behind by Migrant Parents in Six European Countries

This paper presents a cross-national comparison of the influence of parental migration on children’s subjective well-being (SWB). While studies often focus on the economic implications of adult migration, research on its effects on children’s well-being is scarce, particularly in Europe. Data from surveys of over 13,500 school children in six European countries with a communist legacy were analysed. These were collected as part of Children’s Worlds - The International Study of Children’s Well-being (ISCWeB). The findings reveal that left-behind children generally have lower levels of SWB than non-left-behind children, with girls being more affected, and the gap in well-being increases with age. Left-behind status was also associated with lower family and school satisfaction. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used to explore the role of parental migration and family and school life satisfaction in predicting high SWB of children. While including family and school life satisfaction in the model weakened the association between parental migration and child SWB, the models’ explanatory power improved. This study emphasizes the need for further research in this area to better understand the complex dynamics between parental migration, children’s subjective well-being, and other factors. These insights are essential for developing targeted interventions and policies to support the well-being of left-behind children in migrant sending countries.

Ambition or comparison? Socioeconomic status and wellbeing differences between local and migrant workers.

Pursuing wellbeing is an essential part of human life and plays a determining role in public health and social sustainability. Prior research identified objective socioeconomic status (O-SES), such as real income and homeownership, as facilitators of human subjective wellbeing (SWB). However, not all humans with better SES reported high SWB. This paper expects that subjective socioeconomic status (S-SES) is the key path through which O-SES shapes SWB and that this indirect relationship varies by household registration status, length of residentship, and type of migrant status. Based on a national representative survey dataset-China General Social Survey 2010 (CGSS), the results of generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) show that household income and homeownership as O-SES are positively related to SWB. Self-evaluated household SES as an important indicator of S-SES not only has a positive relationship with SWB but also significantly mediates the relationship between O-SES and SWB, especially for the new-local residents (NLRs), urban-to-urban migrants (UUMs) and rural-to-urban migrants (RUMs). This study has substantial implications for targeting the comparative psychology and sustainable productivity of Chinese migrants and the local labor force since it is currently facing a growing aging society.

Pengaruh Subjective Well Being terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada Karyawan Gen X Dan Gen Y

Organizational commitment is an important aspect that organizations should pay attention to. Employees with good organizational commitment will work hard to help the organization achieve its goals. The current work environment is dominated by Generation X and Y, each of which has unique characteristics that may influence organizational commitment, such as personal subjective well-being towards the organization. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of subjective well-being on organizational commitment among Generation X and Y employees. This research uses a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis to determine the extent of the influence provided by the subjective well-being variable on organizational commitment. The analytical technique used in this research is a simple linear regression test with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of the conducted research indicate that there is a significant influence between subjective well-being and organizational commitment among Generation X and Y employees. Subjective well-being has a significant positive influence on organizational commitment, where higher subjective well-being among Generation X and Y employees corresponds to higher organizational commitment, and vice versa, lower subjective well-being among Generation X and Y employees corresponds to lower organizational commitment.

Is there a happy culture? Multiple paths to national subjective well‐being

AbstractThis study relies on a novel research approach to analyze how national income, income inequality, institutional quality, and culture combine to generate different recipes for eliciting subjective well‐being (SWB). Specifically, we use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, which facilitates the study of the combinations of conditions (paths) that act synergistically to achieve a certain outcome. The study uses data from over 70 countries and finds several combinations of conditions for different periods which lead equally to high SWB, as well as several configurations equally leading to low SWB. Additionally, we find that high national income, income equality, high‐quality institutions, and each of the cultural dimensions are not necessary conditions for high SWB. However, high‐power distance and low individualism are necessary conditions to achieve low SWB. The results for a few individual conditions are in line with previous studies, but we also determine that the effect of the remainder depends on the other conditions present in each combination. Overall, the results deliver an original and contrasting view of the factors leading to a nation's high or low SWB.

Nature contact and general health: Testing multiple serial mediation pathways with data from adults in 18 countries

The role of neighbourhood nature in promoting good health is increasingly recognised in policy and practice, but consistent evidence for the underlying mechanisms is lacking. Heterogeneity in exposure methods, outcome measures, and population characteristics, little exploration of recreational use or the role of different types of green or blue space, and multiple separate mediation models in previous studies have limited our ability to synthesise findings and draw clear conclusions. We examined multiple pathways linking different types of neighbourhood nature with general health using a harmonised international sample of adults.Using cross-sectional survey data from 18 countries (n = 15,917), we developed a multigroup path model to test theorised pathways, controlling for sociodemographic variables. We tested the possibility that neighbourhood nature (e.g. greenspace, inland bluespace, and coastal bluespace) would be associated with general health through lower air pollution exposure, greater physical activity attainment, more social contact, and higher subjective well-being. However, our central prediction was that associations between different types of neighbourhood nature and general health would largely be serially mediated by recent visit frequency to corresponding environment types, and, subsequently, physical activity, social contact, and subjective well-being associated with these frequencies. Several subsidiary analyses assessed the robustness of the results to alternative model specifications as well as effect modification by sociodemographics.Consistent with this prediction, there was statistical support for eight of nine potential serial mediation pathways via visit frequency which held for a range of alternative model specifications. Effect modification by financial strain, sex, age, and urbanicity altered some associations but did not necessarily support the idea that nature reduced health inequalities.The results demonstrate that across countries, theorised nature-health linkages operate primarily through recreational contact with natural environments. This provides arguments for greater efforts to support use of local green/blue spaces for health promotion and disease prevention.

Forgiveness Therapy to Improve Subjective Well-Being Among Families of Patients with Chronic Illness

Families (caregivers) of patients with chronic illness should ideally have high subjective well-being to care for chronic illness patients well. In reality, they cry frequently, look pensive, and have difficulty carrying out daily activities. This quasi-experimental study aims to examine the effect of forgiveness therapy on increasing the subjective well-being of families (caregivers) of patients with chronic illness. There were 11 participants (3 males and 9 females) divided into two groups, i.e., the treatment group consisting of 6 persons (1 male and 5 females) and the control group consisting of 5 persons (2 males and 3 females) who have looked after the patients with chronic illness for 2–8 years. The subjective well-being was measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney to compare means. The results showed differences in subjective well-being between the treatment and control groups. The results showed that forgiveness therapy has effectively improved subjective well-being in families or patients with chronic illness. Based on the results, the researcher suggested that forgiveness therapy can be used to provide psychological interventions to families of patients with chronic illnesses. Families still need support to optimize and stabilize the patient’s health condition

Reciprocal associations between sense of purpose and subjective well-being in old age

Sense of purpose is seen as a catalyst for successful ageing, predicting a wide range of health outcomes and mortality. However, its role in fostering subjective well-being during old age has received less attention, especially the bidirectional nature of this relationship. The present study examined how sense of purpose predicts and is predicted by subjective well-being in this life stage. Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 8980) were used, spanning three measurement occasions across eight years. Four subjective well-being indicators (life satisfaction, depression, positive- and negative affect) were modelled with purpose using (random-intercept) cross-lagged panel models to disentangle within-from between-person associations. We found moderate to strong correlated change and some evidence for directional associations between the constructs. Purpose predicted changes in all four subjective well-being markers, and these associations were generally stronger than the effects of subjective well-being on purpose. Within-person changes in sense of purpose predicted subsequent changes in life satisfaction and positive affect, but not in negative affect and depression. In sum, sense of purpose is associated with higher subjective well-being in old age, but efforts to maintain or increase older adults' sense of purpose may only improve positive components of subjective well-being.

Hardiness and Subjective Well-being of Siberian Schoolchildren Who Have Different Levels of Migration Attitudes: The Example of the Omsk Region

Due to the growing rates of migration of young people from the Siberian region to the west, it is becoming increasingly relevant to study the personal prerequisites for making a decision to change their place of residence. Schoolchildren as future graduates and applicants are one of the most mobile groups of population. Knowledge of the socio-psychological factors of their migration attitudes will enable the region to create optimal conditions for further education and work of young specialists, preventing their outflow. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and structure of subjective well-being and hardiness of schoolchildren in the Omsk region who have different levels of migration attitudes. The authors describe the types of schoolchildren with different levels of migration attitudes from the standpoint of personal and demographic characteristics. They conducted a survey and testing using the following tools: the personal subjective well-being diagnostic technique (by R.M. Shamionov and T.V. Beskova); S. Muddy’s Hardiness Survey (adapted by D.A. Leontiev and E.I. Rasskazova); personal migration attitudes scale (by S.A. Kuznetsova); the author’s questionnaire. The study involved 461 students (females - 58.1%) of secondary schools in Omsk and the Omsk region (Mage =15.5; SD = 1.39). As a result, three types of schoolchildren with different level of migratory attitudes were identified. The desire for a settled life is demonstrated by the schoolchildren with relatively higher subjective well-being and hardiness, as well as a high level of challenge. The highest level of migration attitudes was found in the schoolchildren with a relatively lower level of subjective well-being and hardiness, as well as a low level of commitment. The schoolchildren with average migration attitudes are psychologically similar to those striving for migration, but they have a relatively lower existential-activity and social-normative well-being; in addition, their commitment is at an average level.

Abstract P254: Mental Well-Being of Caregivers With Overweight and Obesity is Associated With Cognitive Stimulation Provided to Children in the Home

Introduction: Parents with poor mental health are less likely to engage in cognitively enriching parenting behaviors, such as reading and playing with their children. This, in turn, is associated with increased risk of obesity in the child and poor treatment outcomes for children enrolled in behavioral weight management. Parents and caregivers with obesity also have worse mental health and lower life satisfaction than their non-obese counterparts. Among parents with overweight and obesity who have a child with overweight/obesity, the relationship between parent mental health and cognitive enrichment provided in the home is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher depressive symptoms and lower subjective well-being scores among parents will be associated with less cognitive enrichment provided to children. Further, we hypothesize that these relationships will be moderated by the sex of the parent. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from 452 parent-child dyads with overweight/obesity enrolled in a family-based behavioral treatment study for obesity. Depression symptoms and subjective well-being were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale and the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, respectively. Cognitive stimulation was measured with the Cognitive Stimulation subscale of the Environmental Enrichment scale. Univariable relationships were assessed using Pearson correlations. Multivariable linear regression models were used to control for study site, parent characteristics (age, BMI, sex, race/ethnicity, education), child characteristics (age, and sex), and family characteristics (health insurance status and household income). Results: Higher depression symptom score was correlated with lower cognitive stimulation (ρ = -0.165, p &lt; 0.001), whereas higher subjective well-being was associated with higher cognitive stimulation (ρ = 0.377, p &lt; 0.001). These relationships were maintained even after controlling for covariates in the multivariable models, with each one-unit increase in depression symptoms associated with a 0.16 unit decrease in cognitive stimulation (95% CI -0.27 to -0.06, p = 0.003) and each one-unit increase in subjective well-being associated with a 0.04 unit increase in cognitive stimulation (95% CI 0.01, 0.07, p = 0.01). Parent sex did not moderate these effects. Conclusions: Mental well-being of parents and caregivers with overweight/obesity is associated with the degree of cognitive enrichment provided to the child in the home, though the effect sizes after controlling for covariates were modest. Thus, interventions targeting parental wellbeing offer a potential avenue to improve their child’s cognitive wellbeing and response to obesity treatment.

Promoting the well-being of rural elderly people for longevity among different birth generations: A healthy lifestyle perspective.

Wellbeing may have a protective role in health maintenance. However, no specific study clarified the particular protective effect of the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people on survival probability. Few studies have examined the effect of the lifestyle of rural elderly people on their subjective wellbeing from different perspectives. We investigated whether improving subjective wellbeing increased the probability of longevity of rural elderly people and the effects of lifestyle behaviors on the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people in different birth generations. Data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is an ongoing open cohort study that adopts a multistage, random clustered sampling process. We used the data of elderly people who were aged 65 or over during 2006-2015 for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test found that the survival probability of rural elderly people was significantly lower than urban elderly people. Based on a sample of rural elderly people, Cox regression and generalized estimating equations were performed as further analyses. A total of 892 rural elderly people aged 65 or over were included in the sample in 2006. High subjective wellbeing was a protective factor against death. The subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people born in the 1940s/1930s/1908-1920s birth generations first decreased then increased. For rural elderly people born in the 1940s, there were significant positive effects of a preference for eating vegetables and walking/Tai Chi on subjective wellbeing. For rural elderly people born in the 1930s, preferences for eating vegetables, reading, and watching TV all had significant positive effects on subjective wellbeing. Rural elderly people born in the 1908-1920s who preferred watching TV had more subjective wellbeing. Improving subjective wellbeing extended the life span and reduced mortality risk in rural elderly people and may be achieved by the shaping of a healthy lifestyle, such as preferences for eating vegetables, walking/Tai Chi, and reading.