High Shelf Life Research Articles

Tetraphenylethene-Containing Nanofilm via Interfacial Confinement Self-Assembly for Fluorescent Monitoring of SOCl2 Leakage in a Li-SOCl2 Battery Electrolyte.

Lithium thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) batteries are widely used due to their high energy density and long shelf life. However, the corrosive nature of SOCl2 poses a safety hazard, necessitating effective leak detection methods. We report an approach for real-time fluorescent detection of SOCl2 leakage in Li-SOCl2 batteries using a tetraphenylethene-based nanofilm. The nanofilms were prepared through the interfacial confined self-assembly method and exhibit excellent flexibility, homogeneity, tunable size and thickness, and adaptability to various substrates, enabling easy integration into sensor devices. They possess high photochemical stability and a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 25%, demonstrating their potential as high-performance fluorescent sensing material. The nanofilms also exhibit high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and selectivity toward SOCl2 detection. Upon exposure to SOCl2 vapor, the nanofilm shows a red-shifted and fluorescence quenching response, attributed to the protonation of the acylhydrazone bond in the nanofilm by the hydrolysis product of SOCl2, which disrupts the electronic structure of the nanofilm and leads to a decrease in the fluorescence intensity and a shift in the emission wavelength. A detection limit of ∼1.31 ppt and excellent repeatability over 300 cycles are demonstrated, highlighting their high sensitivity and reliability. This work paves the way for a highly sensitive and reliable leak detection system for Li-SOCl2 batteries, enhancing their safety and reliability in various applications.

Application of Active Packaging Films for Extending the Shelf Life of Red Meats: A Review

Meat is known for its high perishability and short shelf life if not properly packaged or stored. Packaging materials play a crucial role in preserving food quality, and there is a growing demand from consumers, industry professionals, and researchers for natural packaging materials that incorporate health-beneficial extracts. Additionally, there is an increasing emphasis on avoiding non-biodegradable plastics in order to reduce environmental pollution. Currently used polymers in food packaging typically feature properties such as oxygen barriers, moisture resistance, and oxidation inhibition, helping to prevent undesirable aromas, flavors, and colors in food. Packaging not only serves as a container for transportation but also prevents physical damage, maintains quality, and ensures food safety. In the pursuit of more sustainable solutions, various compounds are being explored for food packaging, including those derived from proteins, lipids, waxes, and polysaccharides. These materials can be combined with bioactive compounds, such as natural plant extracts, which provide antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer benefits. Different techniques, such as electrohydrodynamic processes and casting methods, are employed in the preparation of these packaging materials. This review highlights the applications and properties of polymers used in meat packaging and promotes the use of biodegradable materials as a viable solution to reduce environmental pollution.

High-performance thermoplastic nanocomposites for aerospace applications: A review of synthesis, production, and analysis

Thermoset polymers are cured under natural or synthetic created conditions and retain their solid form when exposed to heat. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics melt when exposed to heat after production. Thermoplastics are preferred as raw materials because they can be easily shaped after production, have a high shelf life and are recyclable. In this regard, the prominence of high-performance engineering polymers in recent years has led to the preference of alternative polymers to thermosets. High-performance engineering thermoplastics include thermoplastics such as polyphenylene-sulfide (PPS), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), polyphenylene-ether, polysulfone,polyoxadiazole, polyimide, polyether-amide, polyether-amide-imide, polynaphthalene, and polyamide-imide. These polymers exhibit application potential in aerospace, defense, automotive, marine, energy, and medical sectors. In challenging conditions such as high pressure, temperature, and corrosive environments, they possess high service temperatures, enhanced mechanical and physical properties, preferable chemical resistance as well as out-of-autoclave and rapid processing properties. In this review article, nanomaterial production methods (bottom-up and top-bottom) are mentioned. In the following sections, PPS, PEEK, and PEKK thermoplastics are explained, and carbon- and boron-based nano additives used in constructing nanocomposites are investigated. In the last section, PPS, PEKK, and PEEK polymer nanocomposites are investigated.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and encapsulation of betalain from prickly pear: Process optimization, in-vitro digestive stability, and development of functional gummies

The study aimed to extract and encapsulate betalain pigment from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) using ultrasound-assisted extraction and eco-friendly glycerol. Subsequent analysis encompassed assessing its thermal stability, shelf-life, bio-accessibility, and biological properties. The process optimization employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM), focusing on glycerol concentration (20–50 %), sample to solvent ratio (1:10–1:20), temperature (30–60 °C), and time (10–30 min). Optimal conditions were determined as 23.15 % glycerol, 1:10 sample to solvent ratio, 10.43 min treatment time, and 31.15 °C temperature. Under these conditions, betalain content reached 858.28 mg/L with a 93.76 % encapsulation efficiency. Thermal stability tests (80–180 °C; 30 & 60 min) showed degradation of betalain with higher temperatures and longer durations, affecting the visual aspect (ΔE) of the pigment. Encapsulated betalain exhibited favorable shelf stability, with optimal storage life of 404.27 days at 4 °C in amber conditions, compared to 271.99 days at 4 °C without amber, 141.92 days at 25 °C without amber, and 134.22 days at 25 °C with amber. Bio-accessibility of encapsulated betalain was significantly higher (2.05 ± 0.03 %) than conventionally extracted pigment (1.03 ± 0.09 %). The encapsulated pigment displayed strong anti-inflammatory properties in dosages of 2–20 µL, with no cytotoxic effects. Additionally, incorporation into gummies was successful and visually approved by sensory panellists. Glycerol proved to be a green encapsulating agent for betalain, offering high shelf life and bio-accessibility, making it suitable for food industry applications. The encapsulated pigment demonstrated robust thermal stability and shelf life, making it suitable for food industry applications. This study highlights glycerol’s potential as a sustainable alternative for natural pigment extraction.

A biodegradable alginate/chitosan hydrogel based nonwoven from pre-consumer cotton waste and virgin wool for food packaging

The municipal waste is polluting the environment by releasing harmful substances. There is a demand for eco-friendly food packaging with higher shelf life. In this study, a biodegradable nonwoven for food packaging was developed using cotton waste and alginate/chitosan hydrogel. Firstly, needle-punched nonwovens were prepared from two different kinds of cotton waste (comber noil and card-fly) and wool fibers. The prepared nonwovens were immersed in a solution of alginate/chitosan followed by cross-linking with sodium chloride which resulted in formation of layers of hydrogel on/into nonwovens. The developed nonwovens for food packaging were characterized by using FTIR, DSC, SEM, air permeability and water absorbency tests. Moreover, mechanical strength and antibacterial evaluation of prepared nonwovens was also done. The properties of developed packaging materials are dependent on fiber type and concentration of hydrogel. The water absorption rate is highest (1 sec to 25 sec) in the case of wool fiber-based hydrogel nonwoven with tensile strength ranging from 65 N to 90 N. Moreover, all the developed samples of nonwoven alginate/chitosan hydrogel showed good antibacterials and air barrier (360 mm/sec to 620 mm/sec properties). The results indicate that the nonwoven alginate/chitosan hydrogel holds significant promise as an environmentally friendly substitute for food packaging materials.

Shelf life effects on the bond strength and microhardness of self-adhesive resin cements.

Among the main advantages of self-adhesive resin cements comprise good aesthetics, strong restoration-tooth bond and biocompatibility. However, some disadvantages, such as high viscosity level, color limitation and short shelf life should be mentioned. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess bond strength between fiberglass post and root dentin in teeth subjected to self-adhesive resin cements with expired shelf life and hardness. Sixty (60) single-rooted human teeth were sectioned and divided into 2 groups of different cements: U200 3M and MaxCem Elite Kerr. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups, based on self-adhesive resin cements' shelf life, namely: Within the use-time recommended by the manufacturer or no expiration date; 6 months after opening the aluminum blister; 12 months after opening the aluminum blister. Bond strength was measured through push-out test conducted in universal testing machine; fracture pattern was analyzed, and microhardness was investigated through Knoop test, based on hardness readings. Data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality test; nonparametric test was applied to hardness data, whereas parametric test was applied to bond strength data. Hardness data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test, whereas bond strength data were subjected to analysis of variance, which was followed by Tukey test; both tests were conducted at 5% significance level (α = 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in knoop hardness values recorded for the material / time / root thirds combination (p=0.483). There was no statistically significant difference in bond strength values recorded for the Material / Time / Thirds combination (p=0.237). It was possible concluding that shelf life did not influence material's hardness and bond strength. Key words:Dental cements, Resin Cements, Shelf Life of Products.

Valorization of sugarcane bagasse for high-yield production of laccase through Aspergillus terreus for effective azo dye decolourization

Synthetic dyes such as azo dyes are significant pollutants in the wastewater released from various textile industries. The low biodegradability and production from synthetic sources with high shelf life make azo dyes a challenging material for degradation. This study used chemically mutated Aspergillus terrus in the laccase production under solid-state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse. Initially, the wild-type strain produced a laccase activity of 4.12 U/mL. Later, the alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse showed a significant increase in laccase activity by 38.9%. Further, random mutagenesis treatment with 100 mM EMS generated a hyper laccase-producing strain with a 2.3-fold increment in laccase activity compared to the wild-type strain. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at pH 6.5 and 35 °C. The metal ions such as Fe3+ (29.4 U/mL), Fe2+ (20.8 U/mL) and Cu2+ (18.05 U/mL) showed positive effects on laccase activity. The crude laccase was used to bioremediate Congo red, a prominent azo dye used in textile and pharmaceutical industries. The preliminary studies with a crude enzyme displayed 68.86% dye decolourization after 24 h of incubation. Additionally, with Taguchi orthogonal array optimization experiments, the maximal dye decolorization of 78.24% was achieved by maintaining crude enzyme concentration (20 U), dye concentration (25 mg/L) and pH 4.5.

Effect of temperature, 1-methylcyclopropene, and modified atmosphere packaging on the post-harvest behavior of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam)

Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) is a tropical fruit with high market potential but short shelf life. In this work, the effect of temperature, the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and the use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were evaluated on the preservation of fresh lulo fruits. Three independent experiments were made sequentially: in the first one, an adequate refrigeration temperature was established (between 5 and 18 °C), then in the second experiment, a suitable dose and application time of 1-MCP (0.35–1.0 μL L−1 and 10–15 min) were found and finally, the combined effect of refrigeration, 1-MCP, and MAP were determined in the last experiment. In the experiments with 1-MCP and MAP, some fruits were stored at refrigeration (5 °C) and then at room temperature (23 °C) while others were kept at room temperature the whole test. Different properties such as respiration, ethylene production, color index, and gas level were evaluated in the samples to determine post-harvest changes. Given the fruit behavior during cold storage, 5 °C proved to be more favorable for preservation. Likewise, samples treated with 0.70 μL L−1 1-MCP + 15 min immersion showed lower CO2 and ethylene production throughout cold storage and shelf time compared with other 1-MCP treatments. For the tests with MAP, the combined treatment with 1-MCP and at 5 °C resulted in a lower respiratory rate, ethylene production, and physicochemical changes during the evaluation (24 days of cold storage + 16 days of shelf time). The results obtained can contribute to increasing the possibilities of lulo commercialization and marketing.

Process parameters optimization for red globe grapes to enhance shelf-life using non-equilibrium cold plasma jet

In this work, a non-equilibrium cold plasma jet (NECPJ) operated by a bi-polar pulse power source was designed and developed, and its impact on red globe grapes (Vitis vinifera) was analyzed for shelf-life enhancement. A total of 17 separate experiments were conducted using a Box-Behnken design to identify the optimum plasma process parameters, i.e., applied voltage, gas flow rate, and treatment time. Food quality parameters such as pH, total suspended solids (TSS), weight loss, total phenol and flavonoid content, vitamin C, contact angle, and firmness were studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were also taken to see the effect of NECPJ treatment on grape surfaces and E. coli bacteria. The results showed that the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of all three process parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Accordingly, the optimized plasma process parameters were identified as applied voltage 3.36 kV, gas flow rate 2.87 SLPM, and treatment time 1 min. A shelf-life study of twenty-eight days was done with and without plasma treatment. It was found that NECPJ-treated grapes had a higher shelf-life. The treated grapes contained higher levels of vitamin C, firmness, red grape color index, and total soluble solids than controls. It is inferred that NECPJ can help reduce red globe grape deterioration and maintain quality during post-harvest storage.

Identification Sugarcane Clones for Tolerance to Juice Quality Deterioration under Delayed Harvest and Different Time Intervals of Staling

A study was under taken during January, 2022–March, 2023 at the Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India to evaluate fifteen sugarcane clones including early and mid-late to identify clones with higher shelf life and tolerance to postharvest deterioration and delayed crop harvests. Juice quality parameters determined at 10th, 11th, 12th and 13thmonths of harvest /age and at different time lag intervals of staling (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours showed a linear increase in cane weight reduction regardless of crop age at harvest and staling periods after harvest. Juice extraction (%) also decreased over staling period and delayed crop harvests. Increase in cane weight loss and reduction in juice extraction was significant with increase in staling period. A progressive increase in brix (%), sucrose, purity and CCS in juice was observed up to 11th in early clones and up to 12th months of crop age in mid-late clones and thereafter decreased. Per cent brix (%) showed a linear trend at all time lag intervals of staling regardless of the clones studied. Brix (%) in juice progressively increased from 0 to 72 hours of staling. Sucrose, purity and CCS per cent declined at 48 hrs in early group and at 72 hrs in mid-late clones after harvest. Reduction in sucrose, purity and CCS was significant with increased staling periods. Among the clones 2003V46 (TC), 2016T 7, COA14328, COA20324, COA19322 and 2009V89 were found to be relatively more tolerant to delayed harvest and post-harvest deterioration compared to the popular standard CO86032 and other test clones studied. All these clones have also recorded higher cane yield and CCS yield at harvest.

Shelf life of lithium–sulfur batteries under lean electrolytes: status and challenges

Recent advances in prolonging the shelf life of LSBs are summarized. Furthermore, the challenges of current strategies, and research prospects for LSBs with high performance and sustained shelf life under lean electrolytes are proposed.

Justification of progressive technology for drying vegetables and corn

Today, from the industrial applications point of view, getting dry food products by infrared radiation is considered the most relevant and perspective. Such properties of any object as absorption and emission of radiation in the infrared spectrum give possibility to dry them at moderate temperatures and rapidly. This technology makes it possible to gain dry items with high shelf-life due to their resistance to microorganisms. Infrared drying of products reduces drying time several times. As a result, the quality of ready items is very high and in addition ecologically pure. Also the form of cutting of raw materials before drying has some influence on time of process. The objects of study were samples of vegetables and corn planted in the experimental plot Kainar Bulak (Shymkent).During the drying process, vegetables as carrot and beet which were broken in the form of shavings reached required moisture 12.30% and 11.50% accordingly in two and half hours. Samples in the form of cubes were dried to these numbers only in three hours. Additionally, performed experiments indicate that there is no need for preliminary heat treatment (blanching) of samples. Reducing the time and temperature of heat treatment for corn also gave positive results. Thus, drying chopped vegetables and corn for further use in the food industry using infrared radiation is promising and cost-effective.

THE MARKET FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE CABBAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF FOOD SECURITY

The article presents and analyzes the indicators of white cabbage production in Russia (by districts, subjects of the federation and categories of farms). The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of white cabbage production in the Russian Federation and in the world in terms of food security. Materials and methods. The information base of the research is information and scientific material, statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), official periodicals of modern analytical centers. The study used general scientific methods of systematization, comparison and analysis of data. Study results. To increase the level of food security in Russia, it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of domestic production, physical and economic accessibility of high-quality food for the population. According to the new Food Security Doctrine, the strategic goal is to increase the export potential. The study revealed that about 70,150,406 tons of cabbage are produced. China is the largest cabbage producer in the world. In the Russian Federation, 14.3% of all cultivated areas of open ground crops are occupied for cabbage. The area under crop for cabbage in farms of all categories has decreased over the past six years. Many farmers and agricultural organizations refuse to grow cabbage due to its low profitability. The main cabbage production in 2022 is concentrated in the North Caucasus Federal District. In 2022, the volume of gross cabbage harvest amounted to 23,200.2 thousand tons. The current situation in the country makes it possible to implement import substitution of varieties and hybrids of white cabbage. Currently, the main task is to abandon the import of seeds of foreign breeding, and therefore it is important to focus on creating new hybrids that will be of high quality, good yield and shelf life, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. Conclusions. Today, the Russian Federation is under severe sanctions from the United States and European countries, so the issue of food security is acute. An important role in solving the problem of forming sufficient amounts of food resources belongs to the agro-industrial complex, which plays an important role in the country's economy. An important role belongs to the vegetable growing industry, which provides the population with a variety of vegetable products all year round. The country remains dependent on imported seeds, and for accelerated import substitution it is advisable to develop such forms of support as direct financing of seed production costs, provision of benefits, loans and guarantees. It is also necessary to develop a targeted state program for the transition of the industry to domestic seed material. According to analysts, Russia will be able to fully provide itself with seeds by 2025–2030.

Feasibility and performance of in-house red blood cell reagents to detect unexpected antibodies in immunized patients in Burkina Faso.

In sub-Saharan Africa, antibody detection tests remain inaccessible because of the high cost and limited shelf life of red blood cell (RBC) reagents. This study aimed at investigating the feasibility and performance of locally prepared RBC reagents for antibody detection in Burkina Faso. We conducted an experimental study comparing commercial RBC panels and a local panel prepared from phenotyped blood donors in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Antibody detection testing was performed by the indirect antiglobulin test using a gel card filtration column in a low-ionic-strength solution. Judgment criteria were the concordance rate and the kappa agreement coefficient of results generated by the two panels. A total of 302 blood donors were phenotyped for the major antigens of the RH, KEL, MNS, FY, JK, LE, and P1PK blood group systems. From this pool of donors, we designed an RBC detection panel that was used to screen for unexpected antibodies in 1096 plasma samples from 832 patients with a history of transfusion and 264 recently delivered or pregnant women with no history of blood transfusion. A positive antibody detection test was observed in 8.1 percent of the samples using the local panel versus 6.4 percent with the commercial panels. A total of 23 samples were negative with the commercial panels and positive with the local panel, while the findings were reversed for four samples. The concordance rate was 97.5 percent, and the kappa agreement coefficient was 0.815. Our results suggest that the development of local RBC panels can be an alternative to commercial panels in countries with limited resources. It could also be a cost-effective intervention, mainly for children under 5 years of age, women of childbearing age, and pregnant women, all of whom are most at risk for malaria and sickle cell disease complications. Blood services could develop and implement appropriate strategies to make phenotyped donor pools available for the design of suitable RBC panels.

Investigating the Impact of Deposition Parameters on the Biosensing Performance of Zinc Oxide Nanostructured Thin Films Fabricated via Vapor Phase Transport

Despite huge advancements in biosensing technologies in the last few years, there remains a gap in comprehending the intricate relationship between growth parameters and the corresponding biosensing response characteristics. The present work investigates the correlation between the physical properties of ZnO thin films and their biosensing response to address this gap and further fabricate a urea sensor based on the optimized conditions. The Vapor Phase Transport (VPT) method was used to grow ZnO thin films, with biosensing performance observed to be highly dependent on growth conditions. Under optimal conditions, ZnO films demonstrated biosensing-friendly properties such as low stress, strong carrier mobility for electron transfer, and a large surface area for effective biomolecule loading. The prepared bioelectrode (Urs-GLDH/ZnO/Pt/Si) showed excellent performance in detecting urea with a high sensitivity of 41 μAmM−1cm−2 over a wide range of urea concentrations (5–200 mg dl−1 or 0.83–33.33 mM). The urea sensor also exhibited a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.82 mg dl−1, a high shelf life lasting for 12 weeks, and superior selectivity. Thus, the present study not only aims at enhancing our understanding of the fundamental properties of ZnO thin films and their relation to processing conditions, but also emphasises their potential for enhanced biosensing applications.

Microgreens of tropical edible-seed species, an economical source of phytonutrients- insights into nutrient content, growth environment and shelf life

Microgreens of six tropical edible-seed species categorized as pulse (green gram, horse gram), vegetable (mustard, amaranthus), millet (ragi) and cereal (wheat) were evaluated with an objective of studying the suitability of different growing media, growth condition, storage container and storage temperature. The six microgreens were also evaluated for the sensory qualities, nutrient composition, yield, seed to biomass ratio and benefit cost ratio. Yield and seedling height of microgreens were significantly influenced by the growing media, however there was no statistically significant difference in the nutrient composition of microgreens grown in the five different media. The fresh yield and dry yield of microgreens was recorded to be highest when grown on cocopeat media. Among the species, yield was highest for green gram microgreens, followed by mustard and horse gram. Rain shelter cultivation of microgreens promoted yield whereas the cultivation under room condition resulted in longer seedlings. The nutrient content (iron, calcium, beta carotene, protein, crude fiber, crude protein etc.) was higher in rain shelter grown microgreens. The microgreens grown indoor had better sensory qualities than when raised in rain shelter. Microgreens had higher shelf life when stored in PPE zip lock bags at lower temperature. Overall, microgreens of these tropical species can be an economic and nutritious supplement to regular vegetables.

Effect of fruit acidulants and storage conditions on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of paneer

Paneer is an unripened soft cheese mainly used by Indians and Pakistans, and it does not require the rennet enzyme. It is prepared by coagulating heated milk with acid. However, fresh paneer has a short shelf life of up to 2 days at ambient temperature. In this study, paneer was prepared from lemon and amla fruit acidulants and stored at room and refrigeration temperatures. Then, the paneer samples were analysed for their physicochemical properties, texture profile, microbiological counts and sensory attributes during storage at room and refrigeration temperatures. The type of acidulant, storage temperature and time significantly affected the paneer's physicochemical properties (p&lt;0.05). However, the changes were rapid in samples stored at room temperature. Moreover, paneer coagulated using fruit acidulants had a higher shelf life and retention of functional properties. Furthermore, the paneer from fruit acidulants had high acceptability, comparable to the control, usually made from citric acid. Therefore, preparing paneer from fruit acidulants with improved functionality, shelf life, and acceptability is possible. Thus, adapting the technology of making paneer with acidulant fruits would reduce milk and fruit postharvest loss, promote a sustainable diet and create market potential for the novel milk product in India and the world at large.

Exploration of a Cellulose-Based Biocompatible Gate Dielectric for Low-Voltage Organic Transistors

In this work, a cellulose-based biocompatible high-k dielectric cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) is comprehensively explored for demonstration of low-voltage organic transistors. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices fabricated using a blend of TIPS-Pentacene and polystyrene to create the active semiconductor layer exhibited excellent p-channel transistor behavior with maximum and average process transconductance values of ~ 9.0, and ~ 6.0 nF/V.s respectively, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> / <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and average threshold voltage of -0.4 (±0.1) V suitable for sub-5V operation. Moreover, very high electrical stability was achieved from these devices through bias-stress, and repeatability measurements. The device operation was still maintained after 6 months in normal ambient indicating a high shelf life. Finally, there was a minimal variation in performance upon annealing the devices up to 60 °C, indicating high reliability in harsh environmental operating conditions. Our results confirm that CEC can be a potential gate dielectric for organic and biodegradable electronics which is essential for sustainability.

Karakteristik Tumbuhan Pare (Momordica charantia L.) yang Berhasil Dimanfaatkan sebagai Bahan Pangan di Desa Tebing Linggahara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a vine, elongated, and has fruit that is small oval in color and has rather fine nodules, with a characteristic very bitter taste found in the fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of bitter melon which is used as a food ingredient and to increase the value of developing food products in society and the modern market. The method used in this research is a descriptive survey method. Based on the results of research conducted bitter gourd contains lots of vitamins and very good properties. The existence of bitter gourd is very easy to cultivate so that it can be used as food that can be marketed in the community. Therefore, it can be easier to introduce bitter melon to the public by managing and knowing the marketing strategy for bitter melon, so that bitter melon can develop into the international market. Given the low and limited use of bitter gourd, it is therefore necessary to develop food products made from bitter gourd to increase its value and use which is none other than the nutritional content of bitter gourd. One way to take advantage of the value of its content is to process it into bitter melon chips. Chips are snacks that have a high shelf life, good taste, and many variations to meet consumer tastes.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators for Improvement of the Quality and Shelf Life of Kinnow (Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa): A Review

Plant growth regulator’s plays a very important role in Kinnow production. There are different type of PGR’s that includes GA3, NAA, CPPU and Ethyl which when applied on kinnow performs well and give good results such as high quality, yield and long shelf life of the fruit. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are well known for having a significant impact on fruit retention. Plant growth regulators are hormones that are involved in physiological functions, developmental aspect and have an impact on cell development and growth. They are cellular communication tools known as chemical messengers Also known by the name "plant hormones”. Plant growth regulators enhance fruit set, minimize fruit drop, and correct a variety of physiological functions to improve quality and productivity by improving the physiology of fruits. Gibberellins and auxin are frequently used to reduce fruit drop and enhance fruit quality. The primary role of plant growth regulators in the creation of Kinnow mandarins is the main subject of this review.