Higher Selling Price Research Articles

Spesifikasi dan Identifikasi Hasil Tangkapan Garok Rajungan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Bondet Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat

Crayfish (Portunus pelagicus) is the leading export commodity of Indonesian fishermen. The increasing demand for exports and high selling prices have made fishermen at the Bondet Beach Fishing Port, Cirebon Regency, use garok crabs to maximize their catch. The purpose of this study was to identify tool specifications, catch yields, selectivity and productivity of garok crab fishing gear operated at the Bondet Coastal Fishery Port, Cirebon Regency, West Java. The research was carried out in April – June 2021. The method used was a case study method with quantitative descriptive analysis to determine the specifications of the tools and catches taken by interviewing fishermen. The results showed that the crab claws were included in the dredge gear category. Its components consist of body mouth, garok, frame, nets, and ropes of various sizes. The main catch of garok crab in Cirebon Regency consists of small crab (Portunus pelagicus), and by-catch in the form of shellfish, shrimp, cuttlefish, and demersal fish, with a total of 14 species. This tool is classified as non-selective because of the small size of the bag mesh construction (30 mm) so that this tool catches many species with large and small size fish caught. The average catch obtained from 5 trips was 23.8 kg, with the lowest catch on the 2nd trip, which was 19.7 kg and the highest on the 5th trip, which was 31.3 kg, while the average sweep area was 0.0040 km2 with an average productivity of 3.97 kg/hour and the highest catch rate value was obtained on the 5th trip, which was 5.21 kg/hour, while the lowest catch rate was found on the second trip, which was 3.28 kg/hour.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT “X” FIELD USING PSC GROSS SPLIT SYSTEM IN Y COMPANIES

PSC Gross is a PSC without cost recovery where the division between the government and oil and gas companies directly from gross revenues. The emergence of this contract system led to the recovery of costs in the previous contracting system which deemed less effective. By implementing this contract system, it is expected that contractors can use investment and operational costs more efficiently. With the PSC Gross Split, it is also expected to increase the spirit of field development. In the JM Block, the economic calculation using PSC Gross Split results in a better economy than PSC Cost Recovery. To appreciate the feasibility of this development by looking at economic indicators that support to obtain high oil selling prices. These indicators are an attempt to make a decision regarding the development of the "X" Field which is an economical and profitable business. Keywords Gross Split PSC, PSC Cost Recovery, Development, Economical, Profitable

Coral reefs fisheries development business strategy in Sabang City

Marine fisheries are an important source of food and income for people all over the world. Billions of people, most of them from developing countries, rely on fish as a major source of animal protein. Fisheries play an important role in the prevention and reduction of poverty. Fisheries provide nets that are essential to people when other work resources are unavailable. The aim of this study is the strategy for developing coral fisheries in Sabang city. The method used in research is to use the SWOT method of analysis. Fisheries development strategy in Sabang city: 1). Develop cathing tool technology to replace the previous cathing tools that are non-environmentally friendly. 2). Conducting the coral reef conservation socialization where the coral fish live. 3). Cooperating with the society in controlling fishing areas by utilizing the local culture that is still very strong in protecting the sea to avoid illegal and excessive exploitation of fish. 4). Means of transportation and distribution for the export of coral fish, which results in a high selling price. 5. The development of the added value of coral fishery products for the welfare of fishermen.

Techno-economic evaluation of integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant design based on oil palm empty fruit bunches

Currently, renewable energy started to become a focus of the world as it can be an alternative to fossil energy. Bioethanol is the result of glucose fermentation derived from lignocellulosic raw material (second-generation bioethanol). As one of the countries with the most significant biomass resources globally, Indonesia has a huge opportunity to develop the bioethanol industry. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is the most significant solid waste generated by oil palm plantations. Levulinic acid can be used as a chemical platform for biodiesel production, which has a higher selling price than bioethanol. In this research, techno-economic evaluation of integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant based on OPEFB was conducted. Optimization of production capacity is done to determine the suitable plant capacity so that the integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant is feasible to be developed. Based on simulation results with SuperPro Design 9.5 and analysis of the economic value, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Return Rate (IRR), and the payback period is 53.939.000 USD; 29,77%; and 4,52 years, respectively. In conclusion, an integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant based on OPEFB has fulfilled the economic parameters of a chemical plant.

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Penerapan Teknologi Hidroponik dalam Mendukung Ekonomi Masyarakat Mandiri di Kota Tarakan Kalimantan Utara

One of the problems with agriculture in urban areas is that food access is difficult, while soil conditions for agricultural land are limited and less productive. Currently, the whole world is faced with the Covid-19 pandemic, including in urban areas, so that easy access to food and the availability of safe, cheap, healthy, and nutritious food are essential. Urban farming through hydroponic technology is one of the efforts to procure household food independently. It is expected to support the economy of independent communities—this study aims to analyze the levels of public perception of the application of hydroponic technology. The research was conducted in Tarakan City from April to June 2021. Determining respondents was carried out intentionally, considering that the community had obtained information about hydroponic technology. Data analysis that has been used in answering the research objectives is descriptive qualitative data analysis using a Likert scale to measure the level of public perception of hydroponic technology. The story of perception is determined based on respondents' answers about their knowledge of several perceptions about hydroponic technology. The characteristics of the research respondents consisted of an average age of 30 years, the formal education of the respondents graduated from high school, the average number of family members was four people with the main occupation being non-farmers. The results showed that the public had a heightened perception of the application of hydroponic technology (81.11 percent). The highest perception value is found in the perception that plants grown hydroponically are healthier, the quality of the results is maintained, maintenance is easy and more practical. It has a high selling price compared to those grown conventionally.

Enhancing Community Economy Through Innovation of Processed Cassava Products

The natural resources produced by Padamulya Village are very abundant, but the natural resources owned by Padamulya Village have not been fully utilized by the community, so there is a need for guidance or assistance to the community to exploit the existing potential. One of them is by utilizing processed cassava products that are made into food with high selling price. The method used is the socialization and innovation of cassava processed products. In processing this cassava product, the writer makes cassava churros which is a delicious and healthy snack food. After implementing this program the results obtained are the development of cassava processed products more creative and innovative as well as the surrounding community better understanding how to utilize a potential that is around.Keywords: Product Innovation; Cassava; Community Service

Enhancing Community Economy Through Innovation of Processed Cassava Products

The natural resources produced by Padamulya Village are very abundant, but the natural resources owned by Padamulya Village have not been fully utilized by the community, so there is a need for guidance or assistance to the community to exploit the existing potential. One of them is by utilizing processed cassava products that are made into food with high selling price. The method used is the socialization and innovation of cassava processed products. In processing this cassava product, the writer makes cassava churros which is a delicious and healthy snack food. After implementing this program the results obtained are the development of cassava processed products more creative and innovative as well as the surrounding community better understanding how to utilize a potential that is around.Keywords: Product Innovation; Cassava; Community Service

The Development Prospect Of Households For Coconut Cooking Oil In Galang Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have a very large and important contribution to the country's economy. MSMEs currently running in the community consist of many fields, one of which is the use of Indonesian agricultural products. Coconut oil can be used as cooking oil, margarine and white butter, a component in soap making and cosmetic formulations. MSMEs making coconut oil have quite a large business opportunity, one of which is the Maida Coconut Cooking Oil Business which is located in Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency. The amount of coconut oil produced is still on a small scale. This is due to very simple equipment, high selling prices, and limited range of marketing strategies. This activity aims to help Maida MSMEs to increase production by providing assistance in the form of equipment and determining the proper cost of goods sold. The results showed that the cost of goods sold obtained before adding tools based on the full costing method was IDR 41,746/L and variable costing was IDR 39,236/L. Meanwhile, after adding equipment based on the full costing method it is IDR 104,211/L and variable costing is IDR 89,757/L.

Organic and conventional sweetpotato production in the Southeastern of United States: a comparative analysis

BackgroundThere has been a piqued interest in alternative agricultural production systems that are environmentally friendly due to concerns on how sustainable it is to grow conventionally. However, in the producer’s point of view, economic returns are an important issue in decision-making in adaptation. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic risk of conventional and organic sweetpotato production in the Southeastern US. The primary and secondary data were used for the analysis. We identified risk variables in stochastic profit function and performed Monte Carlo simulation in analyzing profitability and economic risk of conventional and organic production systems.ResultsFindings from the meta-analysis suggest lower sweetpotato yields and higher selling prices, are to be expected in the organic sweetpotato production systems compared with the conventional. A higher probability of having positive net return from organically grown sweetpotato compared to conventional production systems was observed.ConclusionsIncrease in unit cost leads to a decrease in net profit in both conventional and organic production systems. Sweetpotato price has more effect on net return compared to its yield in conventional production systems. The higher selling price, lower yield and lower unit costs provide a higher net profit return for the organic sweetpotato production systems. Unit cost in conventional production was noted to be higher in general, inferring conventional sweetpotato production could potentially experience a higher variability in net farm income. Despite the high production cost, however, farmers are encouraged to go into sweetpotato production as it appears to be profitable. Further studies should be conducted on conventional treatments without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers as these systems perhaps, may display lower external input costs that might make them more profitable similar to organic systems.

Application of Cost-Benefit and Break-Even Analysis for the Development of Stingless Bees Farming in Malaysia

The information about the economic and financial aspects of stingless bees farming is still limited along with some issues of high selling price and expenses. Therefore, the study initially aims to describe comprehensively cost-benefit, and break-even analysis of stingless bees farming in Malaysia. The study uses primary data and employs about 124 stingless beekeepers in all regions in Malaysia as number observation. The sampling method uses non-probability sampling, while the costing analysis, net return, input-output ratio, cost-benefit ratio and breakeven analysis are applied as analytical techniques. As a result, the stingless bees farming may generate considerable earnings, mainly in the area of Peninsular Malaysia, whilst the Sarawak region shows efficient cost of production in the break-even point. Furthermore, labor expense constitutes a predominant concern in the production and hive investment is required as high capital expenditure. The study recommended that the government and beekeepers should find alternative hive systems in order to reduce cost and focus on the massive production of stingless honey bees in the Sarawak area, while Peninsular Malaysia may turn into a main concentration of trading and marketing honey products.

Joint quality and pricing decisions in lot sizing models with defective items

We investigate joint pricing and quality decisions in a lot sizing model for a single product with imperfect quality. We assume that the company performs an exhaustive quality inspection and discards the defective items detected before the demand is fulfilled. Unlike most of the literature, the time spent on the screening is considered as a decision variable which affects both the screening cost and the proportion of the defects which can be detected. The screening cost and the detection rate are general functions of the screening time to express the cost and efficiency of different detection methods. Additionally, consumer behaviour is considered by the use of a price and quality dependent demand function.The corresponding profit maximization problem is solved analytically, and numerical examples are provided to examine the impact of the corresponding decisions on the overall profit under various assumptions. Results show that applying the optimal screening time can result in significant profit gain through the higher selling price and/or the cost savings due to lower returns as well as increase of the related customer satisfaction. However, one must consider the joint effect of the parameters of the demand function, the cost and reliability of the screening method, as well as the impact of the initial quality level. The company can avoid overinvesting in quality if the screening method is not effective enough, too costly or exceeds customer requirements.

Composition Profiling and Authenticity Assessment of Camellia Oil Using High Field and Low Field 1H NMR.

Camellia oil (CA), mainly produced in southern China, has always been called Oriental olive oil (OL) due to its similar physicochemical properties to OL. The high nutritional value and high selling price of CA make mixing it with other low-quality oils prevalent, in order to make huge profits. In this paper, the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution of different brands of CA and OL, and the variation in transverse relaxation parameters when adulterated with corn oil (CO), were assessed via low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) imagery. The nutritional compositions of CA and OL and their quality indices were obtained via high field NMR (HF-NMR) spectroscopy. The results show that the fatty acid evaluation indices values, including for squalene, oleic acid, linolenic acid and iodine, were higher in CA than in OL, indicating the nutritional value of CA. The adulterated CA with a content of CO more than 20% can be correctly identified by principal component analysis or partial least squares discriminant analysis, and the blended oils could be successfully classified by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, with an accuracy of 100% when the adulteration ratio was above 30%. These results indicate the practicability of LF-NMR in the rapid screening of food authenticity.

PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus costaricensis L.) BERBAGAI UKURAN AKIBAT PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA DENGAN CARA YANG BERBEDA

Dragon fruit is one type of plant that is quite popular in Indonesia because of its sweet taste and high selling price. Dragon fruit has various types, including dragon fruit with red flesh, white flesh with yellow skin color and red skin with white flesh. Dragon fruit contains high betacharotene and antioxidants to prevent cancer and ward off free radicals. The fiber content in it can facilitate digestion, prevent colon cancer, and cope with diabetes. The objectives of this study were to determine effect of length stem cuttings on the growth of red dragon fruit cuttings, effect of different methods of giving between immersion and watering coconut water on the growth of dragon fruit cuttings, and interaction lengths cuttings and how to give coconut water to the growth of dragon fruit cuttings. The results showed that red dragon fruit stem lengths of 25 cm and 30 cm give better results than 15 cm and 20 cm. Dragon fruit stem lengths of 25 cm and 30 cm had a significant effect on bud emergence variables, number of shoots, average shoot length per cuttings and number of roots, but the root length variables, root wet weight and root shoot ratio were not significantly different. The method of giving coconut water shows that watering is better than soaking. but on the variable number of shoots per cuttings, the average length of shoots per cuttings, root wet weight and root crown ratio had no significant effect. There is no interaction between rod length and means giving coconut water to the growth of red dragon fruit cuttings on all observed variables.

Analisis Optimalisasi Benefit Aset Keuangan Nelayan Ubur-Ubur dalam Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan

The appearance of Jellyfish on Teluk Saleh Island, Sumbawa Regency, is an opportunity to develop this product, not only exporting raw materials, but also in the form of processed materials so that they have a greater added value than just raw materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the optimization of the business benefits of Jellyfish fishermen in realizing prosperity. This type of research is descriptive research with survey methods through a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique is through data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. A large number of fishermen have benefited from the business of catching jellyfish on the island of Teluk Saleh. Utilization of Jellyfish in Saleh Bay can have a positive impact because it is considered a stinging pest and can become Saleh Bay's export commodity which has a high selling value and price. feel self-sufficient and have implications for improving the welfare of Jellyfish fishermen in Teluk Saleh.

Impact of smallholder inclusivity to the sustainability of the marketing channel

Smallholders are a group of oil palm growers in Indonesia, having a share of more than 40% of the Indonesian oil palm plantation area. There are a number of weaknesses that limit their inclusivity in the industry, posing a risk to their sustainability. This study analyses this hypothesis through 3 different types of smallholders representing the highest to the lowest level of inclusivity, namely ex-plasma partner, independent partner, and independent non-partner. Data were collected from 217 smallholders, 8 village collectors, 4 RAM and 2 mills from the province of Riau, Jambi and South Sumatra. Higher selling prices, lower profit margins, and more efficient marketing channel are used to indicate business sustainability. Shepherd, Acharya and Aggarwal, and Composite Index agree that higher selling prices and lower profit margins improve the marketing channel efficiencies, while the Marketing Efficiency Index and Soekartawi marketing efficiency values agree that lower cost of production will do so. The results show that on average, plasma/ex-plasma smallholders present the highest selling price, lowest total profit margin, and high production costs. This is caused by fertilizer usage that follows the recommended amount, improving productivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that inclusivity could improve the sustainability of smallholder marketing channels.

Synthesis of pyrogallol derivative as antioxidant additive for biodiesel using methyl linoleate from sunflower oil

Biodiesel is a renewable plant-based fuel as an alternative to fossil fuels containing fatty acid methyl esters. However, biodiesel has the disadvantage of oxidation instability because of the double bonds in the constituent fatty acid structures. One of the most effective antioxidant for biodiesel is pyrogallol. Unfortunately, pyrogallol has a low solubility in biodiesel. Subsequent research was developed by synthesizing pyrogallol derivative through the reaction between pyrogallol and a pure methyl linoleate using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH as a catalyst. The results showed that the pyrogallol derivative formed was more soluble in biodiesel. However, the use of pure methyl linoleate is not economical because it has a high selling price. In this research, sunflower oil biodiesel with 54.13 % methyl linoleate which has been tested by GCMS will be used to synthesize pyrogallol derivative with a ratio of 10 mL biodiesel, 5 ml DPPH, and 5 mL pyrogallol. FTIR shows a shifting peak at 1240 cm−1 which shows the formation of pyrogallol derivative. LCMS-MS indicates a possible molecular weight at 634 m/z consisting of methyl linoleate and dimer pyrogallol. UV-Vis of the derivatives in biodiesel shows that the derivative is more soluble in biodiesel in comparison with the solubility of pure pyrogallol.

Effect of Repetitive Recycling on the Optical Properties of Polypropylene Based on Material Value Conservation Paradigm

Good quality of plastic packaging waste has the potential to be recycled, as it can be used as raw material for the next packaging products. Recycling is preeminent due to the grave necessity of decreasing plastic production rate, especially for packaging industries which are known to use more plastic compared to other sectors. Material value conservation is a new paradigm which can be implemented through a new category of design for recycling in order to avoid value degradation. Implementations of this paradigm has produced better quality processed plastic waste with higher selling price. Applied with this paradigm, recycled plastic pellets can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its mechanical properties, even after the 8th stage of recycling. This study aims to reveal the effect of repetitive recycling on the optical properties of polypropylene with implementation of material value conservation paradigm, to strengthen previous evidence of the implementation of the material value conservation paradigm on plastic packaging whether repetitive recycling plastic packaging can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties. Optical properties observed in this research were based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, which are consisted of colour (ASTM D2244), gloss (ASTM D2457) and transparency (ASTM D1746). The result of this study indicated that even after the 8th stage of recycling, plastic pellet of polypropylene still can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties, with more attention on transparency property.

Applying an integrated production system based on social manufacturing to develop a medical device

In the current Covid-19 pandemic, many manufacturing industries have been affected, including the health industry. The need for medical devices during this pandemic was very high, causing scarcity of goods on the market, and high selling prices, because most medical devices had to be imported. The concept of social manufacturing can be one way to revive the health industry in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to develop an integrated production system through social manufacturing by involving small and medium companies and measuring the competitive level of production results from the quality side. The method used in this research is starting from literature study, field observation, production system design, product and system testing, and analysis of social manufacturing based production system test results. The results of this study are a social manufacturing-based production system for medical device products in the form of a Sanitation Chamber, and also the measurement of product quality in terms of performance (83.20), features (80.40), reliability (79.56), conformance (81.11), durability (84.67), service ability (78.33), aesthetics (81.83) and perceived quality (79.83).

The Exploitation Status of The Slender Grouper (Anyperodon leucogrammicus) in Arafura Sea, Indonesia

Arafura Sea is rich in its resources, e.g. shrimp, pelagic fish, demersal fish, and coral reef fish. Coral reef fish commonly found in Arafura waters are among others brown-marbled grouper, slender grouper, leopard coral grouper, humpback grouper, etc. One of the groupers that has a higher selling price than the other groupers is slender grouper (Anyperodon leucogrammicus). The high demand for the fish is in line with the increase in the catch and the exploitation status. Therefore, a study is necessary to analyze the exploitation status of the slender grouper in Arafura Sea. This study was carried out from March to November 2017 by sampling the grouper at its landing site in Dobo, Aru Islands, from the fishing grounds in Arafura Sea, Maluku. The size of the slender grouper was 15–120 cmTL, and its growth pattern was allometric negative. Its growth rate (K) was 0.34 per year and its fishing mortality (F) was higher than the natural mortality (M). The exploitation rate (E) of the fish was 0.52%, meaning the fish was already moderately exploited. Therefore, precautionary managements are necessary to maintain the sustainability of the slender grouper resources in Arafura Sea.

Development of Marine Ecotourism in Indonesia: Case of Maligi Nature Reserve, Province of West Sumatra

Arafura Sea is rich in its resources, e.g. shrimp, pelagic fish, demersal fish, and coral reef fish. Coral reef fish commonly found in Arafura waters are among others brown-marbled grouper, slender grouper, leopard coral grouper, humpback grouper, etc. One of the groupers that has a higher selling price than the other groupers is slender grouper (Anyperodon leucogrammicus). The high demand for the fish is in line with the increase in the catch and the exploitation status. Therefore, a study is necessary to analyze the exploitation status of the slender grouper in Arafura Sea. This study was carried out from March to November 2017 by sampling the grouper at its landing site in Dobo, Aru Islands, from the fishing grounds in Arafura Sea, Maluku. The size of the slender grouper was 15–120 cm TL, and its growth pattern was allometric negative. Its growth rate (K) was 0.34 per year and its fishing mortality (F) was higher than the natural mortality (M). The exploitation rate (E) of the fish was 0.52%, meaning the fish was already moderately exploited. Therefore, precautionary managements are necessary to maintain the sustainability of the slender grouper resources in Arafura Sea.