High Security Research Articles

Work value profiles across cultures: an application of the multiple-group latent profile procedure in Switzerland, Spain, the United States and China

PurposeThis study explores the differences and similarities of work value profiles in samples of business students from four countries with markedly different cultures and labor markets.Design/methodology/approachWe used multiple-group latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the differences and similarities in work value profiles across cultures (n = 317 from Switzerland, n = 313 from Spain, n = 326 from the United States and n = 327 from China).FindingsThe latent profiles mostly show similarities across countries: the largest profiles are a want it all and a humble profile with overall high and intermediate levels in all work values. An overall low work value levels profile and one stressing high security and pay emerged in all countries except Switzerland. In the Swiss sample, two unique profiles emerged: the no status and freelancers profiles.Practical implicationsThis study has implications for employee attraction, relations and career counseling with culturally diverse populations.Originality/valueStudies on work values across cultures most often make direct comparisons between samples, which can lead to excessive emphasis on sometimes small differences. By first studying within-culture differences before comparing the results across cultures, we find that there may be more similarities than differences in work values across cultures and that cross-cultural differences may have often been overstated.

Development and Application of a Novel Tsunami Monitoring System Based on Submerged Mooring.

Real-time data transmission and reliable operation are essential for a tsunami monitoring system to provide effective data. In this study, a novel real-time tsunami monitoring system is designed based on a submersible mooring system. This system is equipped with a data acquisition and tsunami wave identification algorithm, which can collect the measured data of the pressure sensor and detect a tsunami wave in real time. It adopts the combination design of underwater inductive coupling transmission and a redundant BeiDou communication device on the water surface to ensure the reliability of real-time data transmission. Compared with traditional tsunami monitoring buoys, it has the advantages of reliable communication, good concealment, high security, and convenient deployment, recovery, and maintenance. The results of laboratory and sea tests show that the system has high reliability of data transmission, stable overall operation of the system, and good application prospects in the field of real-time tsunami monitoring and early warning.

Land ecological security evaluation and prediction based on SBM-BP model: a case study of Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Land ecological security is the foundation for ecological environmental protection and regional sustainable development. Therefore, examining the land ecological security and spatial heterogeneity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China can guide effective land ecological protection in this region. Using a driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) index system, a global super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model, and a backpropagation (BP) neural network model, this study evaluated the land ecological security in 126 YREB prefecture-level cities and then employed spatial correlation analysis to identify the spatial distribution characteristics. It was found that: (1) from 2012 to 2021, the land ecological security in the study area decreased and then increased, with the eastern and western regions being better than the central regions; (2) from 2015 to 2017, the high land ecological security was clustered in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and the low value was clustered in Yunnan Province, Hubei Province, and the Chongqing Municipality; (3) from 2022 to 2026, the land ecological security in the study area is expected to gradually increase, but in the southwest is expected to remain low. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prediction of land ecological security and practical guidance for land ecological protection in areas with similar natural conditions.

A novel image encryption method based on the cycle replacement

For the bit-level image encryption algorithms, pixel values and positions can be changed simultaneously. The operation can enhance the security of image encryption but will require the complicated calculations. Therefore, high security and suitable computation for a new algorithm are needed to be considered. In this paper, a novel image encryption algorithm, which combines the bit-level encryption and the pixel-level encryption methods, is proposed based on the cycle replacement. Firstly, a new 2-dimensional (2D) map with a hyperbolic cosine function (2D-Cosh map) is introduced, which has rich and complex dynamics. Based on the chaotic characteristic of the map, an image encryption algorithm is introduced via the substitution of bit of pixels which can scramble the pixels, and change the image pixel positions effectively. Numerical simulation and security analysis are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm. From which we can see that the correlation coefficients are almost 0, average entropy = 7.9973, average NPCR = 99.6104%, and average UACI = 33.4664%. It is clear that the algorithm is resistant to differential attacks, interference attacks, and can reduce the correlation of adjacent pixels of the encrypted image greatly. Meanwhile, the algorithm has no limit for the size of a color image in the process of the encryption.

Performance analysis of MDM-OCDMA free space optical system using shift ZCC codes

Abstract Free space optical communication is promising wireless technology which saves cost, saves time, has high security and acts as backend, backhaul system. Optical code division multiplexing based on spectral amplitude coding is a potential method to support many users with high data speeds. Optical code division multiplexing reliant spectral amplitude coded zero cross-correlation free space optical communication is proposed in this work incorporating shift zero cross-correlation codes. Mode Division Multiplexing is used to lower the cost of the system and to minimize the interferences. With the realization of the proposed system, the capacity of 100 Gbps is accomplished supporting 10 different users. Different atmospheric turbulences are also analyzed over FSO to investigate their effects on BER.

Exploring the factors hindering the intention to adopt sustainable transportation options in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: using structural equation modeling

With poor transportation infrastructure and increased reliance on motorization, fast-growing cities in the Global South that are experiencing rapid urbanization have received less attention in terms of sustainable transportation research. In this regard, it is imperative to support active mobility and public transit that help to reduce vehicle emissions, traffic congestion, road fatalities, and energy depletion while supporting public health, robust economies, and social equity. However, in the emerging cities context, the adoption of sustainable transportation options are constrained by various factors. This study aims to explore the key factors hindering the adoption of sustainable transportation options in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To do so, travel survey data were gathered from 720 households using stratified sampling and analyzed using factor analysis. The results from factor analysis indicated five groups of factors hindering residents’ intention to adopt sustainable transportation options, including (1) infrastructure condition, (2) modal characteristics, (3) land use pattern, (4) policy framework, and (5) technology-related factors. The confirmatory factor analysis also depicts the five latent factors and the contributions of observed variables that are statistically significant (p < 0.01). More specifically, observed variables such as (i) inadequate pedestrian facilities, (ii) lack of bike facilities, (iii) poor public transit facilities, (iv) limited availability of reliable public transport, (v) long wait times, (vi) high public transport fare, (vii) discomfort, (viii) safety and security issues are the most significant factors. Another set of factors includes (ix) walking distance, (x) dispersed land use pattern, (xi) poor land use mix, (xii) inadequate policy support, and (xiii) lack of real-time information. Furthermore, the intention to adopt sustainable modes of transportation is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, educational status, income, family size, and car ownership. The result contributes to the existing literature by providing insight into adopting sustainable transportation modes in emerging cities like Addis Ababa, which are characterized by several urban transportation challenges.

Improved Chua’s chaotic system with a novel memristor: generating multi-scroll hidden attractors and applications in image encryption

In this paper, a new method for generating multi-scroll chaotic attractors by introducing a new memristor model into an improved Chua’s system is presented. The dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed, including equilibria and stability, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and phase diagrams. Strikingly, it can exhibit three-scroll, four-scroll and five-scroll hidden attractors by only changing one system parameter and different shapes of chaotic attractors coexist with the same parameter. Furthermore, the high randomness of the system is verified through 0–1 test and NIST test. By using the high randomness of the system, an image encryption algorithm (IEA) is designed to guarantee the secure and efficient transmission of digital images. This IEA uses whirlpool transformation to scramble pixel positions and DNA computation to diffuse pixel values. The simulation and performance analysis results indicate that the proposed IEA has high security and reliable encryption performance, which in turn confirms the availability of the new memristor-based Chua’s chaotic system.

Secure IRS-assisted Energy Scavenging NOMA Impaired by Realistic Factors

Intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-assisted energy scavenging (ES) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with jamming (sIEnoma) is promising for high spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, information security, and communication reliability. Nonetheless, practical imperfections, such as channel state information imperfection (CSIi), hardware imperfection (HWi), fading severity, and nonlinear energy scavenging (nlES) impact scavenged energy, information security, and communication reliability of sIEnoma. Accordingly, this paper proposes performance analysis for sIEnoma under these imperfections to quickly assess its potentials without time-consuming simulations. Results show that imperfections (HWi, CSIi, fading severity, nlES) and specifications (IRS, NOMA) significantly impact performance of sIEnoma. Nevertheless, proper adoption of power splitting factor, desired data rate, HWi level, and time switching coefficient can hinder complete outage in sIEnoma. Additionally, optimal metrics are achieved by configuring system parameters properly. Moreover, the proposed sIEnoma outperforms its baseline (IRS-assisted ES orthogonal multiple access with jamming).

Realizing Bright-Dark Dual-Field Multimode Optical Signals in Photochromic Apatite Phosphors for Security Identification.

Regulating defect distribution in inorganic phosphors is paramount for realizing multimode dual-field optical signals for high security level identification but remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we propose a strategy of equivalent anion doping and nonequivalent cation doping to successfully regulate the trap distribution and density in Ba5(PO4)3Cl:F-,Eu2+,Ce3+ (BPCF-AG) phosphors. Due to the coexistence of shallow and deep traps for different photon processes, the BPCF-AG exhibits simultaneous photochromism in a bright field and tetramode luminescence (photoluminescence, afterglow, 980 nm photostimulated luminescence, and 650/532 nm photostimulated afterglow) in a dark field. The trap roles responsible for versatile optical behaviors are investigated by thermoluminescence curves, and a reasonable mechanism is proposed. In addition, we design a series of demonstrations for security identification and information encryption based on the dual-field multimode optical signals of BPCF-AG to illustrate its potential application scenarios.

Advanced multicolor dynamic fluorescence anti-counterfeiting and encryption strategy based on light-induced reversible perovskite lattice distortion

Time-dynamic fluorescence encryption and anti-counterfeiting technology have garnered significant attention in the high-end information security field. However, developing tunable multicolor solid-state photoluminescent systems that are low-cost, easy to manufacture, scalable, and convenient to verify remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we finely tuned the luminescence behavior of CsCdCl3 all-inorganic perovskite crystals using a halogen doping strategy, resulting in reversible lattice distortion under UV light and endowing them with photoactivated luminescence properties to produce dynamic fluorescence. Upon the introduction of Br-, the optical properties of CsCdCl3 changed significantly, with the fluorescence emission color shifting from orange to white-green under UV irradiation. By adjusting the Br- doping ratio and UV irradiation intensity, the fluorescence color change time of CsCdCl3 can be controlled. Multiple cycle light exposure tests demonstrated that the luminescence properties of CsCdCl3 remained identical to the initial state, indicating high stability in response to UV stimulation. Consequently, we successfully realized advanced anti-counterfeiting and 4D code encryption modes based on dynamic fluorescence. The introduction of a time variable imparts extremely high security to these strategies. This work provides an exciting approach for designing information encryption materials with higher security requirements and offers a promising high-sensitivity UV detection material.

Response to workplace aggression in forensic and secure mental health services: Investigating staff confidence, associated factors, and training needs.

To evaluate forensic and secure mental health services (FSMHS) staff's confidence in managing workplace aggression, identify associated factors, and explore their workplace aggression prevention training needs. Through an online survey, staff rated their experience of workplace aggression, perceived effectiveness of current training, and confidence in responding to workplace aggression, and described training needs. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify associated factors with statistical significance. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes describing their training needs. The staff perceived current training as low-to-medium in effectiveness, mirroring their confidence in managing workplace aggression. Nurses experienced more workplace aggression compared to other professions. Staff working at High Security perceived current training as less effective compared to those working at Medium Security or Low Security. Qualitative findings underscored the necessity for improved training content, methods, and supportive strategies. Recommendations for enhancing training include: tailoring training to FSMHS settings; equally focussing on both non-physical and physical intervention techniques; providing more scenario-based hands-on practice opportunities; delivering training in a reasonable trainer-trainee ratio; prioritising nurses and High Security staff and integrating other professions into the training framework; and implementing strategies that support staff, consumers, and environment to ensure training effectiveness and applicability.

Efficient quantum secure multi-party greatest common divisor protocol and its applications in private set operations

Private set intersection (PSI) has important application value, however, current quantum PSI protocols are either unsuitable for multi-party scenarios or inefficient. Recently, Imran (arXiv:2303.17196v3, 2023) proposed two quantum secure multi-party greatest common divisor (GCD) protocols that can be used for PSI, but with the downside of information leakage and resource consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum secure multi-party GCD protocol that has higher security and lower complexity. To hide privacy, each party randomly selects a coefficient within a range determined by his input integer, and with the assistance of a semi-honest third party TP, all parties secretly calculate the linear combination of their inputs under these coefficients. Once enough linear combinations are collected, TP calculates the GCD of these combinations, which is equal to the GCD of all input integers. To verify the honesty of participants, a quantum zero-knowledge proof sub-protocol is designed. Analysis shows that our GCD protocol is correct and has security against malicious attacks. Moreover, its complexity is polynomial level and lower than Imran’s. Furthermore, we demonstrate the scalability of our GCD protocol in private set operations, such as private set intersection, private set intersection cardinality, private multi-set intersection, etc.

A Comprehensive Review of Hardware Acceleration Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks for EEG Signals.

This paper comprehensively reviews hardware acceleration techniques and the deployment of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals across various application areas, including emotion classification, motor imagery, epilepsy detection, and sleep monitoring. Previous reviews on EEG have mainly focused on software solutions. However, these reviews often overlook key challenges associated with hardware implementation, such as scenarios that require a small size, low power, high security, and high accuracy. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of hardware acceleration for wearable EEG devices by focusing on these aspects. Specifically, this review classifies EEG signal features into five groups and discusses hardware implementation solutions for each category in detail, providing insights into the most suitable hardware acceleration strategies for various application scenarios. In addition, it explores the complexity of efficient CNN architectures for EEG signals, including techniques such as pruning, quantization, tensor decomposition, knowledge distillation, and neural architecture search. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that combines CNN hardware solutions with EEG signal processing. By providing a comprehensive analysis of current challenges and a roadmap for future research, this paper provides a new perspective on the ongoing development of hardware-accelerated EEG systems.

Design and experimental research of orbital angular momentum multiplexing holography based on optical diffraction neural network

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing holography has the advantages of large information capacity and high security, and has important application value in holographic storage, optical encryption, and optical computing. However, as the number of multiplexing channels increases, this technology suffers from deterioration in image quality, which limits its application scope. This article proposes an innovative design that introduces an optical diffractive neural network (ODNN) into OAM multiplexing holography, establishes a scientific image quality evaluation function, applies an end-to-end optimization method, and designs OAM multiplexing holograms in parallel, significantly improving the image quality of OAM holography. The design results show that compared to classical methods, the ODNN method proposed in this paper has improved diffraction efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio by 29% and 19%, respectively, and reduced mean square error and variance by 10% and 43%, respectively. Moreover, high-quality multi-channel OAM multiplexing holography has been achieved through experiments. The design method proposed in this article provides an efficient and practical way for future OAM multiplexing holographic technology to further enhance information capacity and improve security.

Dynamic analysis of a novel hyperchaotic system based on STM32 and application in image encryption

This paper presents a novel 4D hyperchaotic system derived from a modified 3D Lorenz chaotic system. A key aspect of this system is the presence of a single equilibrium point, and its stability is carefully analyzed. The dynamic properties, including the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, bifurcation diagram, and chaotic attractors, are investigated using MATLAB simulations. The results reveal that the system displays hyperchaotic behavior across a wide range of the parameter d\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$d$$\\end{document}, with its chaotic attractor transitioning through four states: hyperchaotic, chaotic, periodic, and quasi-periodic, showcasing the system's complex dynamics. Experimental validation using STM32 embedded hardware successfully reproduces these four types of chaotic attractors, confirming the theoretical predictions. The proposed hyperchaotic system is then applied to image encryption, introducing a novel encryption method. The hyperchaotic key sequence generated by this system meets 15 tests of the NIST SP800-22 standard, and further experimental validation with STM32 hardware demonstrates the algorithm's effectiveness, simplicity, non-linearity, and high security. The encrypted images and sequences are rigorously tested key space analysis, histogram similarity analysis, information entropy analysis, statistical attack analysis, differential attack analysis, key sensitivity analysis, and correlation analysis, highlighting the robustness and reliability of the proposed system. This method is versatile and can be extended to various fields, including audio and video encryption, text encryption, IoT security, financial transaction security, and medical data protection.

A Unification of Fog-Cloud Computing for Data Agitation and Guard Intensification in Industrial Health Care Security

The development of Fog computing is a decentralized environment in which the data processing, storage and applications are processed between the located server in a cloud environment. By increasing the Internet of things (IoT) and remote storage, the communication in cloud become more sophisticated by processing the data safely and securely. Healthcare data is important which contains medical information and processed centrality in the public environment through IoT, due to increasing security breaches they need to protect depends on the security applicants. All over the centralized data computing are accessed by virtual environment through remote protocol doesn’t provide safety in healthcare industry. To resolve this problem, to propose as Unification of fog-cloud computing for data agitation and guard intensification (DA-GI) in Industrial Health Care Security. The Medical Data Health-Care (MDHC) records are stored in Cloud datacenters and the Fog layer based on the guard intensity and the key is provoked for ingress the file. The activity logs are controlled and monitoring from cloud serves sustains the Activity Log, Risk Table and Health Records. To introduce a cryptographic approach based on advanced encryption standards (AES) to protect data and authenticity verification server. The key verification process based on security gateway, Fog cloud server depends on user access rights provided to the user. During the key validation, role of permission to the user s verified and agitate to allow access rights to the verified service access. The proposed system produce high security compared to the other system as well in all security concerns of role, authentication and verification to process data safely.

Cabazitaxel-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel System for Suppressed Orthotopic Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastasis.

The treatment of colorectal cancer is always a major challenge in the field of cancer research. The number of estimated new cases of colorectal cancer worldwide in 2020 is 1 148 515, and the estimated number of deaths is 576 858, revealing that mortality accounted for approximately half of the disease incidence. The development of new drugs and strategies for colorectal cancer treatment is urgently needed. Thermosensitive injectable hydrogel PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA (PLEL) loaded with cabazitaxel (CTX) is used to explore its anti-tumor effect on mice with orthotopic colorectal cancer. CTX/PLEL is characterized by a solution state at room temperature and a hydrogel state at physiologic temperature. The excipients MPEG-PCL and PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA have good biocompatibility and biodegradability. The simple material synthesis and preparation process renders this system cost-effective and more conducive to clinical transformation. An orthotopic colorectal cancer model is established by transplantation subcutaneous tumors onto the cecum of mice. According to the results of experiments in vivo, CTX/PLEL significantly inhibits orthotopic colorectal cancer and liver metastasis in mice. The results indicate that CTX/PLEL nanoparticle preparations have high security and excellent anti-tumor effects, and have great application potential in colorectal cancer therapy.

A High Up-Time and Security Centered Resource Provisioning Model Toward Sustainable Cloud Service Management

A High Up-Time and Security Centered Resource Provisioning Model Toward Sustainable Cloud Service Management

Composite Fixed-Length Ordered Features with Index-of-Max Transformation for High-Performing and Secure Palmprint Template Protection

Palmprint recognition has attracted considerable attention due to its advantages over other biometric modalities such as fingerprints, in that it is larger in area, richer in information and able to work at a distance. However, the issue of palmprint privacy and security (especially palmprint template protection) remains under-studied. Among the very few research works, most of them only use orientational features of the palmprint with transformation processing, yielding unsatisfactory recognition and protection performance. Thus, this research work proposes a palmprint feature extraction method for palmprint template protection that is fixed-length and ordered in nature, by fusing point features and orientational features. Firstly, dual orientations are extracted and encoded with more accuracy based on the Modified Finite Radon Transform (MFRAT). Then, SURF feature points are extracted and converted to be fixed-length and ordered features. Finally, Composite Fixed-Length Ordered Features that fuse up the dual orientations and SURF points are transformed using the irreversible transformation of Index-of-Max (IOM) to generate the revocable palmprint templates. Experiments show that the matching accuracy of the proposed method of fixed-length and ordered point features are superior to all other feature extraction methods on the PolyU and CASIA datasets. It is also demonstrated that the EERs before and after IOM transformation are better than all other representative template protection methods. A thorough security and privacy analysis including brute-force attack, false accept attack, birthday attack, attack via record multiplicity, irreversibility, unlinkability and revocability is also given, which proves that our proposed method has both high performance and security.

Optical information hiding based on speckle encoding with dual-multiplexing interferometry

Optical hiding schemes based on visual cryptography usually hide secret information in multiple visual keys. However, the traditional visual keys are usually Mosaic patterns, which are easy to attract the attention of attackers, and limit their randomness and security. And each visual key needs a corresponding transport carrier, leading to limited hiding capacity. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optical information hiding method based on speckle encoding and dual-multiplexing interferometry. This method uses natural speckle with high randomness to partial replace traditional visual keys, realizing the combination application of natural speckle keys and artificial visual keys. The optical properties of wavelength and diffraction distance multiplexing interference can hide multiple visual keys in a single image, which improves the hiding capacity. Simulation and optical experiments show that the proposed method has high security, large hiding capacity, imperceptibility and robustness.