Higher Risk Of Depression Research Articles

The workload change and depression among emergency medical staff after the open policy during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong, China.

In the middle of December 2022, the Chinese government adjusted the lockdown policy on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a large number of infected patients flooded into the emergency department. The emergency medical staff encountered significant working and mental stress while fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate the workload change, and the prevalence and associated factors for depression symptoms among emergency medical staff after the policy adjustment. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of emergency medical staff who fought against COVID-19 in Shandong Province during January 16 to 31, 2023. The respondents' sociodemographic and work information were collected, and they were asked to complete the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) then. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the potential associated factors for major depression. Nine hundred and sixteen emergency medical personnel from 108 hospitals responded to this survey. The respondents' weekly working hours (53.65 ± 17.36 vs 49.68 ± 14.84) and monthly night shifts (7.25 ± 3.85 vs 6.80 ± 3.77) increased after the open policy. About 54.3% of the respondents scored more than 10 points on the PHQ-9 standardized test, which is associated with depressive symptoms. In univariate analysis, being doctors, living with family members aged ≤16 or ≥ 65 years old, COVID-19 infection and increased weekly working hours after the open policy were significantly associated with a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 points. In the multivariate analysis, only increased weekly working hours showed significant association with scoring ≥10 points. Emergency medical staff' workload had increased after the open policy announcement, which was strongly associated with a higher PHQ-9 scores, indicating a very high risk for major depression. Emergency medical staff working as doctors or with an intermediate title from grade-A tertiary hospitals had higher PHQ-9 scores, while COVID-19 infection and weekly working hours of 60 or more after the open policy were associated with higher PHQ-9 scores for those from grade-B tertiary hospitals. Hospital administrators should reinforce the importance of targeted emergency medical staff support during future outbreaks.

Mental health and stress level of Ukrainians seeking psychological help online

Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24th, 2022, more than 8 million Ukrainians have been displaced from their homes. Ukrainians exposed to armed conflict and migration are likely to have low levels of mental health status and seek help. We provide a uniform quantitative assessment of the mental health conditions of Ukrainians seeking help soon after the invasion and resettlement. We screen the mental well-being and psychological distress of 1165 refugees, migrants, internally displaced, and non-displaced individuals from Ukraine who seek psychological help online in Ukraine and across 24 countries of the European Union. We surveyed participants in the study as a part of our online program for adult Ukrainians from June 22nd to July 6th, 2022. We report descriptive results of mental-health status for the aggregate sample and the sub-groups. More than half of the respondents exhibit low levels of mental well-being and high psychological distress, with 81 % being at risk of depression; 57 % having severe psychological distress. Refugees and internally displaced participants show a particularly high risk of depression and severe psychological distress in our sample. Many Ukrainians seeking psychological help work, study, or volunteer, and those who engage in these activities have relatively alleviated mental well-being. Our results indicate a considerable psychological burden on Ukrainians. Although our analysis focuses on Ukrainians seeking help, it shows that the displaced soon after resettlement require particular attention and can be reached in a short time across borders, irrespective of their (officially documented) migration status.

Symptoms of depression and anxiety and stress among postgraduate trainees in Sri Lanka: Risk factors and implications for practice.

High workload, long working hours, and the need to study and work simultaneously put postgraduate trainee doctors at a high risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among all postgraduate trainees registered at the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM), Sri Lanka, using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Eleven-point two percent (11.2%) had depressive symptoms, 8.9% had anxiety symptoms, and 1.9% had high levels of stress. Being female, having a past or current mental illness, not being supported by the trainers, being unfairly treated by trainers, dissatisfaction with the work environment, difficulty in coping with long working hours, and poor peer support were significantly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, and stress (P < 0.01). Given the association between psychological distress and the characteristics of training and work environment, the postgraduate training programs should be reviewed to ensure the psychological well-being of trainees.

Differing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health: combined population and clinical study.

Identifying youths most at risk to COVID-19-related mental illness is essential for the development of effective targeted interventions. To compare trajectories of mental health throughout the pandemic in youth with and without prior mental illness and identify those most at risk of COVID-19-related mental illness. Data were collected from individuals aged 18-26 years (N = 669) from two existing cohorts: IMAGEN, a population-based cohort; and ESTRA/STRATIFY, clinical cohorts of individuals with pre-existing diagnoses of mental disorders. Repeated COVID-19 surveys and standardised mental health assessments were used to compare trajectories of mental health symptoms from before the pandemic through to the second lockdown. Mental health trajectories differed significantly between cohorts. In the population cohort, depression and eating disorder symptoms increased by 33.9% (95% CI 31.78-36.57) and 15.6% (95% CI 15.39-15.68) during the pandemic, respectively. By contrast, these remained high over time in the clinical cohort. Conversely, trajectories of alcohol misuse were similar in both cohorts, decreasing continuously (a 15.2% decrease) during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic symptom severity predicted the observed mental health trajectories in the population cohort. Surprisingly, being relatively healthy predicted increases in depression and eating disorder symptoms and in body mass index. By contrast, those initially at higher risk for depression or eating disorders reported a lasting decrease. Healthier young people may be at greater risk of developing depressive or eating disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted mental health interventions considering prior diagnostic risk may be warranted to help young people cope with the challenges of psychosocial stress and reduce the associated healthcare burden.

Dose-dependent action of cordycepin on the microbiome-gut-brain-adipose axis in mice exposed to stress

The high risk for anxiety and depression among individuals with stress has become a growing concern globally. Stress-related mental disorders are often accompanied by symptoms of metabolic dysfunction. Cordycepin is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used for its metabolism-enhancing effects. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of cordycepin on psycho-metabolic disorders induced by stress. Our behavioral tests revealed that 12.5 mg/kg cordycepin by oral gavage significantly attenuated the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by stress in mice. At 25 mg/kg, cordycepin restored the reduced weight and cell size of adipose tissues caused by stress. Besides ameliorating the metabolic dysbiosis of gut microbiota due to stress, cordycepin significantly reduced the elevated contents of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the serum and prefrontal cortex at 12.5 mg/kg and reversed the decrease in adipose induced by stress at 25 mg/kg. Correlation analyses further revealed that 12.5 mg/kg cordycepin reversed stress-induced changes in the intestinal microbiome of NK4A214_group and decreased serum Myristic acid and PC(15:0/18:1(11Z)) and cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-1β. 25 mg/kg cordycepin reversed stress-induced changes in the abundances of Prevoteaceae_UCG-001 and Desulfovibrio, increased serum L-alanine level, and decreased serum Inosine-5'-monophosphate level. Cordycepin thereby ameliorated the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as disturbances in the adipose metabolism of mice exposed to stress. Overall, these findings offer evidence indicating that the prominent effects of cordycepin in the brain and adipose tissues are dose dependent, thus highlight the importance of evaluating the precise therapeutic effects of different cordycepin doses on psycho-metabolic diseases.

An Analysis of Sleep Disturbances Interacting with Rumination and Childhood Adversity as a Longitudinal Predictor for Depression and Anxiety

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals experienced turbulent changes in their mental wellbeing and daily routines. To investigate whether and how sleep disturbance predicted depression and anxiety during this unprecedented public health crisis, this study used a longitudinal dataset (N = 1,518) spanning across the first two years of the pandemic, from March 2020 to November 2021. Additionally, this study examined how rumination and childhood adversity may interact with sleep disturbance to prospectively affect depression or anxiety. Depression and anxiety at the end of 2020 and 2021 were regressed on sleep disturbance, at the beginning of 2020 and 2021, in interaction with rumination and childhood adversity as predictor variables. It was determined that high rumination always exacerbated the relationship between sleep disturbances and affective psychopathology. On the other hand, the 2021 models showed that high childhood adversity, when paired with low rumination, can actually have an inverse effect on the aforementioned correlation. If these results can be explained by the potentially inoculating effect of childhood adversity, then these results may imply potential areas of research in combining current psychiatric inoculation strategies with cognitive behavioral therapy, a way to remedy rumination, as a preventative measure for those at high risk for depression or anxiety.

Associations of allergy-related outcomes with depression in the US adults.

Evidences showed the link between allergy and depression, while the relationships of depression with allergy-related outcomes is insufficient. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the relationship of depression with allergy-related outcomes assessed using two different outcome indicators, in a population-based study. A cross-sectional study was performed of 1094 participants in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The self-reported allergic symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) status and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were used to evaluate the allergy-related outcomes. The depression disorder was defined as the ≥ 10 points on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to illustrate the associations of depression and allergy-related outcomes. The prevalence of AR and depression was 34.2% and 6.8%, respectively. The odds of depression were 8.6% higher in participants with AR patients compared those without AR [odds ratio (OR) = 1.739, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.034, 2.933)], while the odds of depression in participants with allergic sensitization and without allergic sensitization were not found significant difference. Allergy is positively associated with depression disorder, and patients with allergy-related outcomes, such as AR, may be at higher risk of depression, while the IgE level was not founded to be related with depression. In the treatment of AR patients with depression symptoms, early detection and management of mental problems are of importance.

Factors of the changes in depressive symptoms among retirees: a 3-year follow-up study in Taiwan

Abstract Background Depression is a critical mental problem for middle-aged and older adults. In addition, retirement and its adjustment may further affect their physical and psychological health. Hence, this study aims to explore the risk and protective factors associated with the changes in depressive symptoms among retirees. Methods A 3-year follow-up study was designed to examine the factors affecting the changes in depressive symptoms in retired people. A total of 2,379 participants aged 50 to 74 years were recruited from the Taiwan Health and Retirement Study during 2015-2019 (two waves). Three types of study variables were included: (i) sociodemographic factors: 9 items, (ii) health-related variables: 7 items, and (iii) psychosocial factors: 6 items. The changes in the 10-item CESD score after three years were measured as the outcome variable. The score change was divided into three groups: maintenance, deterioration, and improvement. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze risk and protective factors related to changes in depressive symptoms in retirees. Results After adjusting for all covariates, this study found that retirement time ≥ 10 years, unskilled occupation before retirement, and having stressful life events after retirement may worsen depression scores three years later. Instead, getting a good night's sleep prevented worsening depression scores after three years. For the improvement group, the results showed that being a volunteer could improve the depression score; however, living alone and having poor health may hinder improving depression scores after three years. Furthermore, we found that factors associated with changes in depressive symptoms showed gender differences. Conclusions Future interventions to prevent depression should consider the diverse needs of different risk and protective factors and gender differences. Key messages • Retirees over ten years, with unskilled occupations and recent stressful events, were at high risk for depression. However, good sleep quality can help prevent depression. • For male retirees, regular physical activity was an enabling factor for improving depression, whereas women benefited from social connections.

Social determinants of health and gender differences in depression among adults: A cohort study

The role of social determinants of health (SDoH) in gender differences in depression remains unclear among Chinese adults. We aimed to explore the association between SDoH and depression and investigate their role in explaining gender differences in depression. This prospective longitudinal cohort study used four wave surveys (2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020) of the China Family Panel Study (CFPS). Fourteen SDoH variables were assessed, and depression was measured using the 8-item short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The Cox proportional hazards regression and multiple mediation analysis were performed to estimate the effect sizes. The longitudinal sample included 18,874 participants aged 18–92 years (51.4 % males and 48.6 % females). Women had higher risk of depression than men. Unfavorable SDoH were associated with higher risk of depression. After including multiple SDoH in mediation analysis, multiple SDoH mediated 15.7 % of the total effect of gender on depression. In sum, SDoH significantly influenced depression, and specific factors explained gender differences in depression. Supporting women in education, employment, and community involvement could help reduce gender differences in depression.

Compassionate Nursing Care for COVID-19 Patients in the ICU in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Lived Experience Study.

The rapid spread and the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 led to an increasing number of critical cases that need to be admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Compassion is a principle of nursing practice and indicates the meaning of providing high-quality care in all units, especially in the ICU. It means that nurses knowwhat is important to patients and when they should be there for them when it is needed. There is a paucity of literature from Saudi Arabia that explores how critical care nurses perceive compassionate care during COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of critical care nurses providing compassionate care to COVID-19 patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized in this study. Data were collected from 13 ICUnurses through interviews. Collected data were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's data analysis method. Eleven out of the 13 ICU nurses hold a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and have more than five years of experience. Despite all the challenges surrounding the care for critically ill COVID-19 patients, nurses provide compassion in different ways to show personal interest to the patients. Data analysis revealed five themes: (1) contemporary meaning and competencies for compassionate nursing care, including communication and the inability to freely use touch; (2) physical symptoms, including discomfort, body aches and headaches, and sleep disturbances; (3) emotional turmoil, where three sub-themes emerged, including fear and anxiety, uncertainty, and isolation and loneliness; (4) role changing, including frequent guidelines change, additional roles and responsibilities, and altruism; (5) professionalism, including cultural facets of care,teamwork, and support. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major changes in nurses' working environment and so their experience. The results of this study indicated that nurses working in the ICU experienced remarkable and massive physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nurses extended the relationships to the patients' families as they are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition, they were able to support them in dealing with the fear associated with the uncertainty of COVID-19. Also, results revealed that remote therapeutic relationships and psychotherapy can be credible and trustworthy alternatives to in-person care. The results of this study indicated that ICU nurses provide compassionate care despite experiencing unprecedented and immense physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further study is recommended using other research methodologies. It is also recommended to conduct the same study in different cities for better generalization.

The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and risk of depression among US adults: A cross-sectional NHANES study

BackgroundNHHR (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) is a new lipid parameter used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the association between NHHR and the risk of depression has not been studied before. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to evaluate depression. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were applied to investigate the association between NHHR and depression risk. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. ResultsIn the total population, compared with the lowest reference group of NHHR, participants in the fourth quartile had a significantly increased risk of depression after full adjustments (OR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.05–2.49). A linear dose-response relationship existed between NHHR and depression risk (P non-linearity = 0.264). The association remained significant in several subgroup analyses. LimitationsThe cross-sectional design and use of self-reported scales. ConclusionNHHR was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression in U.S. adults. Additional research on NHHR would help in depression prevention and treatment.

Depression and Associated Factors among Family Caregivers of Children with Disabilities: Analysis of Intergenerational Differences.

Family caregivers of children with disabilities might face high risks of depression, whereas the existing literature focused more on parents neglecting grandparents. This study investigated 380 parents and 108 grandparents of children with disabilities to identify depression and associated factors. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariable logistic regression were performed to describe the participants' characteristics and risks of depression and identify significant factors. Results showed that parents (35.5%) had higher risks of depression than grandparents (32.4%), but statistical differences were not found. Children's sleep problems (AOR = 1.751, 95%CI = 1.019, 3.008), harmonious family relationships (AOR = 0.694, 95%CI = 0.569, 0.846), and better barrier-free construction (AOR = 0.742, 95%CI = 0.568, 0.970) were significantly associated with depression among parents. As for grandparents, higher education (AOR = 4.108, 95%CI = 1.526, 11.057) and caring for children who experience frequent mood swings (AOR = 2.242, 95%CI = 1.161, 4.329) were associated with higher risks of depression. Further, house ownership (AOR = 0.167, 95%CI = 0.031, 0.887), higher family cohesion (AOR = 0.545, 95%CI = 0.297, 1.000), and better barrier-free construction (AOR = 0.401, 95%CI = 0.185, 0.869) were associated with lower odds of depression. Therefore, both parents and grandparents of children with disabilities had high risks of depression and thus required urgent attention. Healthcare providers and policymakers should develop and implement interventions considering intergenerational differences to reach optimal efficiency.

Research on a New Intelligent and Rapid Screening Method for Depression Risk in Young People Based on Eye Tracking Technology.

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder, with young people being particularly vulnerable to it. Therefore, we propose a new intelligent and rapid screening method for depression risk in young people based on eye tracking technology. We hypothesized that the "emotional perception of eye movement" could characterize defects in emotional perception, recognition, processing, and regulation in young people at high risk for depression. Based on this hypothesis, we designed the "eye movement emotional perception evaluation paradigm" and extracted digital biomarkers that could objectively and accurately evaluate "facial feature perception" and "facial emotional perception" characteristics of young people at high risk of depression. Using stepwise regression analysis, we identified seven digital biomarkers that could characterize emotional perception, recognition, processing, and regulation deficiencies in young people at high risk for depression. The combined effectiveness of an early warning can reach 0.974. Our proposed technique for rapid screening has significant advantages, including high speed, high early warning efficiency, low cost, and high intelligence. This new method provides a new approach to help effectively screen high-risk individuals for depression.

FRI648 GLP-1RA And SGLT2i Treatments May Show Improved Depression Metrics In Diabetes Treatment

Abstract Disclosure: A. Jain: None. L. Esper: None. J. Powell: None. K. Meyer: None. S. Sen: None. Background: Depression is a widespread condition that develops due to a multitude of etiologies. Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is associated with several comorbidities, including depression. A class of T2DM medication, Glucagon-Like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), acts on the hypothalamus, pancreas, and other systems to reduce weight and control blood sugar. GLP1RAs may play a positive role in improving depression by improving satiety and acting on brain centers responsible for anxiety and depression. We hypothesized that patients on GLP1RA would have lower depression scores than those on insulin/metformin standard regimen, or on SGLT2 inhibitors ( which serves as an active comparator) due to localized effects of SGLT2i in the renal cortex. This research will add to ongoing studies in our lab that examine different classes of diabetes medication in treating patients with increased cardiovascular or renal risk, with the goal of increasing the specificity by which endocrinologists prescribe particular classes of glycemic control medications. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational chart analysis at the Washington DC VA Medical Center and compared the PHQ-9 scores of 50 T2DM patients selected at random over 6 weeks maintaining a consistent diabetes care regimen for 6 months. We observed n=9 GLP1RA, n=7 SGLT2i, and n=31 control subject records. 3 subjects on both medications were excluded from this analysis. We noted the PHQ-9 scores of subjects on active psychotropics, but those were not excluded from the study at this time. Results: Our cohort had a mean age of 61.8±12.5 years and mean A1C of 8.04±2.13%. These factors were evenly distributed between analysis groups. Our analysis showed that T2DM subjects on GLP1RA had PHQ-9 scores of 5.00±1.51. This wasn’t significantly lower than the control cohort (6.21±1.22, p=0.53), or SGLT2i cohort (3.85±1.24, p=0.57). Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis in a real-life clinical setting shows a trend indicating subjects on neither GLP1RA nor SGLT2i have higher depression scores than those on either one. However, we plan to continue reviewing records to see if this trend or differences between classes is significant. With a larger sample size, we also plan to include correlations between depression scores and efficacy of treatment. Continuing this research, particularly in a VAMC cohort at higher risk of depression, may provide insight into clinical decision making in T2DM patients with history or high risk for depression and related disorders. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Elder Abuse and Its Association with Mental Well-Being and The Associated Sociodemographic Factors - A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bengaluru, India

Background: Elderly abuse in form of neglect and disrespect has been an important risk factor affecting the mental well-being of elderly. This study estimated prevalence of elderly abuse, its association with their mental well-being and associated sociodemographic factors. Aims/Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the Elderly abuse in the Study area and to find the association of elderly abuse with mental well-being and sociodemographic factors Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 elderly persons in the field practice area of Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru from January 2020 to June 2021. The data was summarized as frequencies, proportions and association using regression. Results: The prevalence of elderly abuse was 18.3%. Abuse in elderly participants was associated with poor mental well-being, Odds Ratio (OR) 4.56 (95%CI,2.05-10.16) and among elderly with Risk of depression with AOR 5.72(95%CI,3.09-10.59). Abuse in all forms was significantly associated with poor mental well-being (p &lt;0.001), presence of skeletal deformity and lack of physical activity (less than 30 minutes). Conclusions: The prevalence of elderly abuse is 18.3% in the study area and it is associated with poor mental well-being, higher risk of depression, and lack of physical activity.

A multicomponent holistic care pathway for people who use drugs in Tayside, Scotland.

People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are at high risk of non-fatal overdose and other drug-related harms. The United Kingdom drugs policy landscape makes it challenging to support those at risk. Tayside, in East Scotland, has a sizeable population at risk of drug-related harms. In 2021, the National Health Service implemented a care pathway for PWUD to provide multidimensional healthcare interventions. We aimed to quantify drug-related harms; assess wider health and well-being; and understand substance use trends and behaviours, among those engaged in the pathway. Existing community-embedded blood-borne virus pathways were adapted to provide multiple healthcare assessments over three visits. We undertook an observational cohort study to analyse uptake and outcomes for the initial cohort of PWUD engaged at appointment one. From August 2021-September 2022, 150 PWUD engaged with the pathway. Median age was 39 (34-42) years, 108 (72%) were male, and 124 (83%) lived in deprived areas. Seventy (47%) had been disengaged from healthcare for over a year. Polysubstance use was reported by 124 (83%), 42 (28%) disclosed injecting daily, and 54 (36%) shared equipment. Fifty-four (36%) experienced recent non-fatal overdose, and there were six overdose fatalities (4.1 [1.5-9.0] per 100PY). The offer of take-home naloxone was accepted by 108 (72%). Fourteen (9%) were diagnosed with Hepatitis C and two (1%) with HIV. Renal, hepatological, and endocrine impairment were observed among 30 (20%), 23 (15%), and 11 (7%), people respectively. Ninety-six (65%) had high risk of clinical depression. Forty-eight (32%) declined Covid-19 vaccination. The pathway engaged PWUD with high exposure to recent non-fatal overdose and other drug-related harms, alongside co-morbid health issues. Our results suggest multi-dimensional health assessments coupled with harm reduction in community settings, with appropriate linkage to care, are warranted for PWUD. Service commissioners should seek to integrate these assessments where possible.

Life Satisfaction and Depression among Older Adults during COVID-19: Examining Awareness and Use of Community Mental Health Welfare Centers

Korea has significantly lower life satisfaction than other countries, with older adults reporting the lowest levels among all the age groups. Social isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic put older adults at a higher risk of depression. This study examined the awareness and use of mental health welfare centers among Korean older adults and how the use of these centers impacted life satisfaction and depression during the pandemic. The sample included data from 545 Korean older adults from the 2020 Seoul Welfare Survey. The current analyses included correlations, multivariate linear regression, and Hayes PROCESS macro. Among participants, 9.6% used community mental health centers, and 57.3% were unaware of their existence. Depression was positively associated with life satisfaction among older adults, indicating that participants may experience depression while objectively evaluating their life with satisfactory results. The use of these centers did not emerge as a mediator between depression and life satisfaction during the pandemic. Recommendations included further research into this area, raising awareness of mental health treatment options, reducing stigma toward mental health problems, and improving life satisfaction in depressed older adults via a strengths-based approach.

Preventing Perinatal Depression: Cultural Adaptation of the Mothers and Babies Course in Kenya and Tanzania.

Pregnant women and mothers in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk for perinatal depression, warranting a need to develop culturally tailored interventions to prevent perinatal depression. This paper documents the process of adapting an evidence-based preventive intervention developed in the United States, the Mothers and Babies Course (MBC), to fit the contexts of rural pregnant women and mothers of young children in Kenya and Tanzania using the updated Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME). Data from informant interviews and field observations from the planning and implementation phases were used to make adaptations and modifications of the MBC for perinatal women through the eight aspects of FRAME. Follow-up field visits and reflection meetings with case managers and intervention participants indicated that the adapted version of the MBC was well accepted, but fidelity was limited due to various implementation barriers. The FRAME provided an optimal structure to outline the key adaptations and modifications of a preventive intervention intended to maximize engagement, delivery, and outcomes for high-risk perinatal women in rural settings.

Assessment of the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression: A Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have demonstrated a strong bidirectional association between frailty and depression, but it remains unclear whether this association reflects causality. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and depression. Using genome-wide association study summary data, two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed to test for the potential bidirectional causality between frailty, as defined by both the frailty index and the frailty phenotype, and depression. Several frailty-related traits were additionally investigated, including weaker hand grip strength, slower walking pace and physical inactivity. Findings were replicated using an independent depression data source and verified using multiple sensitivity analyses. Genetically predicted higher frailty index (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; P<0.001), higher frailty phenotype score (OR, 2.79; P<0.001), lower grip strength (OR, 1.23; P=0.003), slower walking pace (OR, 1.55; P=0.027) and physical inactivity (OR, 1.44; P=0.003) all were associated with a higher risk of depression. As for the reverse direction, genetic liability to depression showed consistent associations with a higher frailty index (beta, 0.167; P<0.001) and a higher frailty phenotype score (beta, 0.067; P=0.001), but not with other frailty-related traits that were investigated. The results were stable across sensitivity analyses and across depression datasets. Our findings add novel evidence supporting the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression. Improving balance and muscle strength and increasing physical activity may be beneficial in both depression and frailty.

Combined effect of active smoking history and passive smoking during pregnancy on postpartum depression and anxiety

To explore the independent and combined effects of smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy on maternal depression, anxiety and depressive anxiety comorbidities. From August 2020 to February 2022, women who underwent 42-day postpartum examination in Changfeng Women&apos;s Center and Shuangfeng Hospital of Hefei were recruited. Their depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using EPDS Scale and GAD Scale, respectively, and smoking and passive smoking status during pregnancy were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent and combined effects of smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy on postpartum depression, anxiety and depression and anxiety comorbidities. A total of 2 447 parturients were included, whose mean age was(29.23±4.20) years old.58.6% of parturients lived in urban areas.97.2% parturients had unassisted reproduction and 73.5% pregnancy intention was spontaneous. Among them, 362(14.8%) had depression, 523(21.4%) had anxiety, and 270(11.0%) had depression and anxiety comorbidities. In an independent analysis of effects, maternal smoking during pregnancy was statistically associated with postpartum depression(OR=3.86, 95%CI 2.37-6.28), anxiety(OR =2.58, 95%CI 1.60-4.17) and depressive anxiety comorbidity(OR = 3.34, 95%CI 2.00-5.71). Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was also positively associated with the risk of postpartum depression(OR = 1.56, 95%CI 2.00-5.71), anxiety(OR=1.71, 95%CI 1.24-2.37) and depression and anxiety comorbidities(OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.02-2.28), and the higher the frequency of exposure to passive smoking, the higher risk of depression, anxiety, and depressive and anxiety comorbidities. No interaction between smoking during pregnancy and passive smoking exposure on postpartum depression(RERI = 0.69, 95%CI-4.62-6.00; AP = 10.84, 95%CI-73.37-95.04; S= 0.58, 95%CI 0.02-15.18), anxiety(RERI=0.27, 95%CI 0.05-0.49; AP=4.02, 95%CI-0.52-8.57; S=0.78, 95%CI 0.64-0.94) and depression and anxiety comorbidities(RERI = 0.07, 95%CI-0.25-0.39; AP=1.74, 95%CI-6.03-9.52; S=0.93, 95%CI 0.68-1.27)was observed. Both smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy were positively associated with the risk of postpartum depression, anxiety and depressive anxiety comorbidity.