High Accidents Research Articles

Operational Risk Assessment of Engineering Vehicles Considering Driver Characteristics

As vehicles with high accident and casualty rates within the road transportation system, engineering vehicles have been receiving much attention and emphasis in terms of safety. Accurate analyses and evaluations of risk factors in vehicle operation are imperative for enhancing the management level of engineering vehicles. This study explores the differences between various types of drivers by analyzing the driving characteristics of professional drivers. The evaluation index system is developed and quantified by integrating factors related to engineering vehicle drivers, road environment, and industry management. Additionally, the risk assessment model is developed using the error backpropagation algorithm. The optimal model is determined by comparing the number of nodes in different hidden layers, the activation function, and regularization optimization. The prediction accuracy of this model’s coefficient of determination is 0.912, indicating that the model has validity. This study is conducive to improving the safety level of engineering vehicle operation in order to reduce the rate of vehicle traffic accidents, the severity of accidents, and the consequences of losses. It also has practical application value in safeguarding social security.

A deep neural network algorithm-based approach for predicting recovery period of accidents according to construction scale

Despite ongoing safety efforts, construction sites experience a concerningly high accident rate. Notwithstanding that policies and research to reduce the risk of accidents in the construction industry have been active for a long time, the accident rate in the construction industry is considerably higher than in other industries. This trend may likely be further exacerbated by the rapid growth of large-scale construction projects driven by urban population expansion. Consequently, accurately predicting recovery periods of accidents at construction sites in advance and proactively investing in measures to mitigate them is critical for efficiently managing construction projects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a framework for developing accident prediction models based on the Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithm according to the scale of the construction site. This study suggests DNN models and applies the DNN for each construction site scale to predict accident recovery periods. The model performance and accuracy were evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) and compared with the widely used multiple regression analysis model. As a result of model comparison, the DNN models showed a lower prediction error rate than the regression analysis models for both small-to-medium and large construction sites. The findings and framework of this study can be applied as the opening stage of accident risk assessment using deep learning techniques, and the introduction of deep learning technology to safety management according to the scale of the construction site is provided as a guideline.

Analisis Jumlah Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas, Korban, dan kerugian di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2021 Dengan Metode K-Means Cluster

Abstract: Provinsi Lampung is facing a serious challenge regarding the high rate of traffic accidents, triggered by the increasing number of vehicles and inadequate infrastructure. Low awareness of traffic regulations also serves as a major cause of accidents. This research employs the Cluster Analysis method within the Geographic Information System (GIS) to categorize traffic accident data in Lampung Province for the year 2021. The data encompasses the number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and financial losses across 14 districts/cities. The cluster analysis results identify two main groups with distinct characteristics. The first cluster exhibits a low accident rate, while the second cluster shows a high accident rate, contributing significantly to the total number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and financial losses. Recommendations for interventions are tailored to the characteristics of each cluster, emphasizing either fatal injury prevention or road infrastructure improvements. The findings of this research provide a foundation for designing more effective strategies to reduce accident risks and enhance traffic safety in Lampung Province Keywords: K-means, Accidents, Lampung Province

Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced Encapsulating Peritonitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Women with Benign Gynecological Pathology

Background: Peritoneal sclerosis (PS) and its most severe form, encapsulating PS (EPS), are rare entities that can occur in various procedures (liver transplantation, intraperitoneal chemotherapy) or secondary to medications (beta-blockers); however, PS or EPS typically occur in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis as a form of renal function substitution. Medical or surgical treatments can be applied, but morbidity and mortality have high rates. This condition typically presents clinically as an intestinal obstruction caused by the inclusion of the intestinal loops in the peritoneal fibrous membrane. Methods: Herein, we present data from a single tertiary surgery center that has dedicated teams for patients receiving dialysis. Over 12 years, we analyzed a group of 63 patients admitted for catheter replacement/removal or for acute surgical pathology. In five cases (7.9%), we diagnosed EPS. Two patients with EPS presented with atypical abdominal pathologies requiring emergency surgery: one case of hemoperitoneum caused by a ruptured ovarian cyst and one case of uterine fibroids and metrorrhagia. Results: The definitive diagnoses were established intraoperatively and by analyzing the morpho-pathological changes in the peritoneum. The possible intraoperative challenges included laborious dissection, difficulties in restoring the correct anatomical landmarks, an increased duration of the surgical intervention and a high rate of incidents and accidents. Conclusions: The aim of the present study was to emphasize the possibility of other surgical pathologies overlapping with EPS, increasing the complexity of the surgical intervention.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Major Californian Cities Using a Geographic Information System

Road traffic accidents have increased globally, which has led to significant challenges to urban safety and public health. This concerning trend is also evident in California, where major cities have seen a rise in accidents. This research conducts a spatio-temporal analysis of traffic accidents across the four major Californian cities—Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego, and San Jose—over five years. It achieves this through an integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) functionalities (space–time cube analysis) with non-parametric statistical and spatial techniques (DBSCAN, KDE, and the Getis-Ord Gi* method). Our findings from the temporal analysis showed that the most accidents occurred in Los Angeles over five years, while San Diego and San Jose had the least occurrences. The severity maps showed that the majority of accidents in all cities were level 2. Moreover, spatio-temporal dynamics, captured via the space–time cube analysis, visualized significant accident hotspot locations. The clustering of accidents using DBSCAN verified the temporal and hotspot analysis results by showing areas with high accident rates and different clustering patterns. Additionally, integrating KDE with the population density and the Getis-Ord Gi* method explained the relationship between high-density regions and accident occurrences. The utilization of GIS-based analytical techniques in this study shows the complex interplay between accident occurrences, severity, and demographic factors. The insight gained from this study can be further used to implement effective data-driven road safety strategies.

Module lattice based post quantum secure blockchain empowered vehicle to vehicle communication in the internet of vehicles

The importance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is increasing due to high rate of accidents and advancements in information exchange system. The V2V communication facilitates vehicles to exchange real-time informations about their surrounding, such as nearby vehicle, pedestrian, and road hazard. These type of informations are very helpful to detect potential collision, warn driver of imminent danger, and take advanced measure to avoid accident. Both security and privacy of user participating in the vehicular networking system depends upon reliable data transmission system. The suggested approaches must have minimal processing complexity and be unaffected by latency problems due to the scalability of V2V connection. This paper contains module lattice based quantum safe blockchain empowered authentication framework for autonomous vehicle communication system. This framework uses blockchain that is always contains multiple nodes, then we need an aggregation technique to provide authenticity to the system. The proposed framework provides authenticity to the system based on two assumptions, (1) Module Learning With Error and (2) Module Short Integer Solution. The proposed framework is quantum safe, provides high latency and throughput.

Intelligent Helmet for Bike Rider’s Safety

Abstract: The intelligent helmet introduced in the paper aims to bolster rider safety, especially in areas like India with high rates of motorcycle accidents. By incorporating features like alcohol detection and accident identification, it addresses common causes of accidents such as driver negligence or impairment. Integrated with the bike's ignition system, it prevents ignition activation if the rider is intoxicated, thus averting potential accidents. In case of an accident, the helmet autonomously alerts registered numbers or authorities, providing precise GPS location data for swift response. Additionally, it monitors real-time vehicle speed and triggers SMS alerts if speed limits are exceeded, aiming to prevent accidents caused by speeding. Through RF technology, the helmet ensures seamless connectivity with the bike's systems, facilitating efficient data transmission and significantly enhancing rider safety.

The effect of guardrail color on driver behavior based on driving style along mountain curves

Objective Mountain highways are linearly complex, with extensive curves and high accident injury rates, how to improve driving safety is the key to traffic safety management on mountain highways, and it also meets the need for harmonious and sustainable development of the society. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different guardrail color configurations on the driving behavior of different styles of drivers when driving on mountainous curves from the perspective of improving road aids – guardrails. Methods A virtual reality experiment was designed using a driving simulator and VR technology, and 64 subjects were recruited to participate and complete the experiment. Results Drivers with non-adaptive driving styles (Reckless, Angry, Anxious) traveled at significantly higher speeds than subjects with adaptive driving styles (Cautious) on mountainous roads; drivers with Cautious styles had better lane-keeping ability when passing through different radii of curves as compared to non-adaptive drivers; and the red and yellow guardrails were more effective in decreasing the speeds at which drivers passed and in increasing the stability of lane-keeping. Conclusions The results of the study show that the effectiveness of red and yellow guardrails is better, which provides a reference for the traffic management department to propose a standardized color setting of guardrails in mountainous areas, which is conducive to the development of more precise traffic management measures to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.

How to resolve the contradiction between driving safety and lighting energy conservation in a highway tunnel? − An experiment on linear guiding system

High rates of traffic accidents and lighting energy consumption are significant problems in highway tunnels. To address these problems, this study proposes a linear guiding system that uses line-shaped visual guiding facilities to improve the local luminance and contrast, and outlines the tunnel contour and road alignment. In addition, the principle, function, setting method, and composition of the linear guiding system are discussed. Using the existing highway tunnels as prototypes, we built simulation scenarios with different luminance and conducted driving simulation experiments and questionnaire surveys. We analysed the human factor demands of tunnel driving, studied the change rule of various human factor indicators under different luminance levels, and comprehensively evaluated the impact of linear guiding system on driving safety from multiple perspectives of the driver’s vision, psychology, and behaviour. We introduce the concept of equivalent luminance, quantify the impact of linear guiding system on the driver, and explore the role of linear guiding system in energy conservation. The results showed that the linear guiding system has a positive effect on driver vision, psychology, and behaviour, particularly in low-luminance environments. A linear guiding system can optimise a driver’s visual reference frame, enhance driver visual perception in a tunnel environment, and alleviate driver tension. It helps drivers to accurately perceive their own spatial position and speed, providing a good sense of position, speed, and comfort. A 2.3 cd/m2 luminance highway tunnel with a linear guiding system is equivalent to a 4 cd/m2 luminance traditional tunnel. For highway tunnels with luminance values of 4, 5, 6, and 7 cd/m2, the equivalent luminance values of the linear guiding system are 1.7, 1.8, 1.8, and 2.1 cd/m2 respectively, which can reduce the energy consumption by 30–42 %.

Nose-Over and Nose-Down Accidents in General Aviation: Tailwheels and Aging Airplanes

Safety in General Aviation has been a continuous concern. About 12% of all airplane accidents in General Aviation involve nose-overs and nose-down events. A total of 134 accidents reported by the National Transportation Safety Board that include nose-overs and nose-downs were analyzed for their main causes. It was found that 35% of the defining events involved a loss of control on the ground while 58% of the total dataset involved tailwheel-type aircraft. A relatively high proportion of aircraft built before 1950 were found, which are also aircraft that have tailwheel-type landing gear, and thereby a higher propensity for ground loops and nose-overs. It is shown that the high accident rate in General Aviation, especially for accidents that did not result in a fatality, was, to an important extent, explained by tailwheel and older aircraft in the US General Aviation airplane fleet struggling with controlling the aircraft on the ground. Attention to this group of aircraft in future studies may help to more effectively address the relatively high accident rates in General Aviation.

Towards social life cycle assessment of food delivery: findings from the Italian case study

PurposeThe growth of global food delivery (FD), which could reach a market value of 1510 billion dollars by 2027, could raise significant sustainability concerns, especially in terms of the social impact related to the expansion of the gig economy. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the social sustainability of the FD, taking Italy as a case study. The results could be a baseline to suggest practices that could promote a more socially responsible FD sector.MethodsSocial life cycle assessment (S-LCA) was used, following the guidelines of the Product Social Impact Life Cycle Assessment (PSILCA) and considering four categories of stakeholders (workers, value chain actors, society, and local community), 11 risk categories, and 13 subcategories, mainly based on both the availability of data and their adherence to the objectives of the study and FD.Results and discussionThe main risks are associated with low wages, improper working hours, high accidentality, and approximation in food handling. Specifically, the wages of riders, 23% of whom are migrants, are just 14% above the poverty line in Italy and 67% below the median income. With 30-h work weeks, moreover, riders may face high risks of economic vulnerability. Stressful working conditions and the absence of mandatory protective equipment have resulted in 17 fatalities × 100,000 workers and 25 accidents × 1000 workers, which could generate a medium risk that violations of labor laws will occur. All this is also due to the low unionization in the Italian FD. Finally, results also show a flaw in food safety, as riders are not required to have HACCP and ATP attestation.ConclusionsItalian legislation and the business models of FD companies are still shown to be insufficient to guarantee the fairness of protections for riders, which are substantiated by low wages, high accident rates, poor union rights, and improper working hours. In addition, doubts are raised about the hygiene of containers carrying food during transport, as they could induce a potential microbiological health risk for consumers, especially related to food handling during transport.

Analysis of Road Safety Based on Road Type on National Roads in Bali Province

The Province of Bali is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia which accounts for 40% of tourist visits in Indonesia. Apart from being a tourist spot, Bali also often hosts various state events. As a destination that is often in the public and world spotlight, it is important for Bali to have safer road infrastructure. However, based on data in the field, there are still many accidents that occur on National Roads in Bali and even tend to increase. If this is not handled, the impact will also be a problem in various aspects. This research aims to analyze road safety based on the type of road using the accident rate and fatality rate method on National Road sections in Bali Province. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows the results of data accident rate or the highest accident rate is 160 incidents per 1 million vehicles per year on the Kosamba – Angentelu Bali road section. For data analysis of fatality rate or death rate, the highest is 245 per 1 million vehicles per year on Jalan A.Yani (Amlapura) Bali. And the type of road that has the highest accident rate and fatality rate number is the 2/2 UD road type.

Анализ аварийности канализационных трубопроводов внутриконтинентального города Северного Китая

Purpose: to analyze the causes of the destruction of drainage pipelines that occurred in an inland city in northern China from 2017 to 2022 and make proposals to reduce the number of emergency situations. Methods: describe the causes of destruction of drainage pipelines and conduct a comparative analysis. Results: as a result of the study, it was found that the pipelines of the inland city in northern China sewerage network are quite old and have a high accident rate. The main causes of emergency situations are corrosion processes, pipe ruptures, and heavy precipitation. The work proposes measures to improve the reliability of the operation of such pipelines, including monitoring and monitoring the condition of pipelines with the subsequent assignment of various types of restoration work. Practical significance: the results of the work are recommended to be taken into account when solving problems of destruction of drainage pipelines in other regions of China.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF FIXED-ROUTE VEHICLES IN THE AREA OF BUS STOPS

The conditions of movement of fixed-route vehicles in the area of bus stops are analyzed. The accident rate associated with public road transport in the Sverdlovsk region and Yekaterinburg for three years is considered. Bus stops in the central part of the city have been investigated, most of which are not equipped with a check-in "pocket". The width of the roadway opposite the investigated stopping points is determined. It was recorded that most of the stopping points are installed opposite the roadway, with a width of 11 to 20 m. 65% of the considered stopping points do not have an entrance "pocket", which leads to a stop of public transport in the lane. It has been established that in the presence of a check-in "pocket" buses create a large number of conflict situations with vehicles moving in the same direction, which increases the likelihood of road accidents. The high accident rate involving public transport leads to the need to analyze the movement of fixed-route vehicles in the area of stopping points. Purpose – determination of conditions affecting the safety of route vehicles in the area of stopping points. Methodology statistical methods of processing a full-scale experiment were used in the work. Results: the ranges of changes in the width of the carriageway opposite the stopping points, the impact of the presence of a check-in "pocket" on road safety have been determined. Practical implications: It is advisable to apply the results obtained in the development of measures to ensure road safety in the area of bus stops.

Designing outdoor emergency rescue stations based on the spatiotemporal behavior of outdoor adventure tourists using GPS trajectory data

While outdoor travel has become an increasingly popular phenomenon, its high accident rate remains a significant concern. It is important to reasonably design emergency rescue stations based on the behavioral characteristics of outdoor adventure tourists. However, previous studies have mainly relied on static population information, which cannot capture adventure tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviors. To overcome this disadvantage, we obtained the GPS trajectory data of adventure tourists in Shenzhen from the “2bulu” platform, covering three types of travel groups: hiking, cycling, and driving. The seasonal characteristics, intra-day activities, and trajectory distributions of outdoor adventure tourists were analyzed. On this basis, we used a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal locations of rescue stations, taking into account both socioeconomic and natural conditions. The results show that outdoor adventure tourists have seasonal preferences, with the majority traveling during the summer and being most active between 5 and 9 a.m. The travel trajectories of these tourists exhibited a linear distribution pattern with several hotspots. In addition, the optimal rescue stations are mainly distributed at the junctions of districts, which can cover most outdoor scenic spots in Shenzhen. These findings could provide decision support for ensuring the safety of outdoor adventures.

Numerical simulation of aircraft arresting process with an efficient full-scale rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model

The arresting process of carrier-based aircraft is widely recognized as a challenging task, characterized by the highest accident rate among all carrier-based aircraft operations. Dynamic simulation plays a crucial role in assessing the intricate responses of the arresting process, favoring the design of carrier-based aircraft. An efficient and accurate rigid-flexible coupling model for analyzing the dynamic response of the arresting process is proposed. By combining the dynamic characteristics of airframe, landing gear, arresting hook and arresting gear system, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established to reflect the relative motion of the coupling parts and arresting load. The dynamic model is verified through simulations of landing gear landing drops and by comparing the arresting simulation results with corresponding data in the US military standard. Additionally, simulations of the arresting process under different off-center distance and aircraft yaw angle are conducted to obtain the dynamic response of the aircraft during the arresting process. The result indicates that the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model proposed is effective for analyzing the arresting dynamics response of carrier-based aircraft. The axial force of the arresting cable on both sides of the hook engagement point, pitch and yaw angle of aircraft are inconsistent under yaw and off-center arresting. The analysis method and obtained results provide valuable references for assessing the dynamic responses of carrier-based aircraft during arresting process and offer valuable in-sights in the design of carrier-based aircraft.

Application of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Mining and Civil Engineering

Virtual reality (VR) is one of the most innovative technologies that allows the development of a computerised, three-dimensional image that imitates reality. With this solution, it is possible to show different objects and even simulate a sequence of actions. The application of virtual reality technology in industries with high accident rates, such as mining and construction, contributes to sustainability by enhancing occupational health and safety (OHS) practices. However, it should be emphasised that the application of VR in these industries is much broader and includes aspects such as visualisation, monitoring and design. This research contributes to sustainability by identifying research gaps, providing an in-depth systematic review of the use of virtual reality technology and outlining the potential of VR technology to advance safety practices in mining and construction, thereby promoting the well-being of workers, reducing accidents and minimising negative environmental impacts associated with workplace incidents. Based on the analyses performed, the future of VR technology for improving work processes in terms of the safety, efficiency and profitability of implementation is outlined. The results of this study provide a comprehensive framework for identifying research gaps in this area to advance research in the academic community and to improve safety in mining and construction workplaces.

Space-time analysis of accident frequency and the role of built environment in mitigation

The focus of this paper is to analyze the trends and locations of accidents in the Greater Melbourne Area (GMA) during a 15-year period (2006–2020). The places where accidents were most prevalent were discovered and the reasons which are contributing to the high accident rates in those areas are determined. Analyzing the patterns over time and variations in the frequency of accidents helped to identify areas that have improved or deteriorated in terms of road safety. A Tweedie model was developed to examine the intricate interaction between the accident frequency and its potential contributing factors such as socio-demographics, road transport infrastructure, and built environment. Ultimately, a clustering analysis was performed to elucidate the dispersion of road accident risk ratings among different local government areas (LGAs), offering useful insights into road safety initiatives and prioritization.

ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ON SIMÓN BOLÍVAR AVENUE

Simón Bolívar Avenue, located in the city of Quito-Ecuador, has been identified as an area with a high rate of traffic accidents. To establish the main causes of traffic accidents, this study investigated a specific 15.4 km stretch extending from Guajaló to the Ruta Viva interchange on Simón Bolívar Avenue. The aim of the research is to analyze factors involved in traffic accidents and propose actions to mitigate them. To carry out the aim, data obtained from the Visor de Siniestralidad Nacional of the Agencia Nacional de Tránsito (ANT) on accidents occurring between 2019 and 2023 were compiled. These data made it possible to identify the most common causes of traffic accidents in this particular area. Upon knowing the reasons for these incidents, it was possible to determine the reasons that significantly influence traffic accidents on the avenue. Besides, an analysis was made of the critical points where most traffic accidents are concentrated. These critical points provided valuable information to generate and make proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety. The implementation of these proposals and improvements can in turn contribute to reduce the accident rate and increase safety on the road section studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied.

The necessity of implementing AI for enhancing safety in the Indonesian passenger shipping fleet

The shipping industry, grappling with escalating challenges, increasingly adopts Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. Experts endorse ship automation and AI implementation for safety, navigation, and operational efficiency in ferry networks. This paper underscores AIS technology's role in maritime safety and environmental protection, emphasizing AI's potential in navigation and knowledge gap bridging. Indonesia, with its numerous islands and significant population, faces complex challenges in ensuring safe maritime transportation. Collaborative efforts among the government, industry, and stakeholders are vital for enhancing safety standards across the archipelago. Despite regulations, Indonesia contends with a high ferry accident rate, prompting the need for preventive measures. The study reviews AI's application in preventing sea accidents, recognizing its contributions and potential effectiveness in maritime safety. Acknowledging challenges like data quality and cybersecurity, the paper emphasizes the necessity of AI development for passenger ship safety. It concludes by highlighting significant research efforts, endorsing AI's promising role in reshaping the industry for improved efficiency and safety. Further exploration of AI applications, particularly in passenger ship safety, is recommended to meet evolving challenges in the maritime sector.