High Quantum Yield Research Articles

Spacer Twisting Strategy to Realize Ultrabright Near-Infrared II Polymer Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Tumor Phototheranostics.

Conjugated polymers are becoming popular near-infrared II (NIR-II) phototheranostic agents (PTAs) due to their numerous advantages, such as high photostability, large molar extinction coefficients, and excellent photothermal properties. However, the strong π-π interactions between the chains of the conjugated polymers resulted in their generally low NIR-II emission quantum yields (QY). Therefore, the synthesis of conjugated polymers with high QY is an interesting but challenging task. Herein, we proposed a spacer twisting strategy to realize ultrabright NIR-II polymer nanoparticles for fluorescence imaging-guided tumor phototheranostics. Theoretical calculations indicated that the polymer PY-IT has the largest dihedral angle between the largely π-conjugated skeleton and the spacer, which can effectively inhibit intermolecular π-π stacking, resulting in an improved QY as high as 16.5% in nanoparticles. In addition, PY-IT NPs can effectively perform NIR-II imaging and photothermal treatment of tumors. The work presents some valuable guides for achieving ultrabright NIR-II polymeric PTAs with high QY.

High-dimensional quantum key distribution using orbital angular momentum of single photons from a colloidal quantum dot at room temperature

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HDQKD) is a promising avenue to address the inherent limitations of basic quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, experimental realizations of HDQKD to date have relied on indeterministic photon sources that limit the achievable key rate. In this paper, we demonstrate a full emulation of a HDQKD system using a single colloidal giant quantum dot (gQD) as a deterministic, compact, and room-temperature single-photon source (SPS). We demonstrate a practical protocol by encoding information in a high-dimensional space (d = 3) of the orbital angular momentum of the photons. Our experimental configuration incorporates two spatial light modulators for encoding and decoding the spatial information carried by individual photons. Our experimental demonstration establishes the feasibility of utilizing high radiative quantum yield gQDs as practical SPSs for HDQKD. We also experimentally demonstrate surpassing the traditional d = 2 QKD capacity with comparable error rates, indicating a significant improvement in performance while maintaining reliability.

A Chiral Propeller‐Shaped Triple Helicene Shows Multi‐Resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

Multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) helicenes show great potential as chiral emitters due to their typically high photoluminescence quantum yield and that they emit circularly polarized luminescence. Here, a new propeller‐shaped chiral MR‐TADF helicene DiKTa3, integrating three DiKTa moieties, was designed and synthesized aiming to achieve co‐parallel electronic and magnitude transition dipole moments that would lead to a high dissymmetry factor, g. It emits at λPL of 491 nm, with a full width at half maximum of 52 nm and has a moderate ΔEST value of 0.24 eV in toluene. The separated (P,P,P) enantiomer shows an absorption dissymmetry factor |gabs| of 6.8 × 10‐4 at 450 nm, which results from a lower symmetry conformation adopted by the compound in solution than the C3‐symmetric optimized structure. This work highlights the strong influence that geometry can have on the chiroptical properties of the emitter.

Observation of Three-Photon Cascaded Emission from Triexcitons in Giant CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots at Room Temperature.

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have long been considered a promising source of time-correlated and entangled photons via the cascaded emission of multiexcitonic states. The spectroscopy of such cascaded emission, however, is hindered by efficient nonradiative Auger-Meitner decay, rendering multiexcitonic states nonemissive. Here we present room-temperature heralded spectroscopy of three-photon cascades from triexcitons in giant CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. We show that this system exhibits second- and third-order correlation function values, g(2)(0) and g(3)(0,0), close to unity, identifying very weak binding of both biexcitons and triexcitons. Combining fluorescence lifetime analysis, photon statistics, and spectroscopy, we can readily identify emission from higher multiexcitonic states. We use this to verify emission from a single emitter despite high emission quantum yields of multiply excited states and comparable emission lifetimes of singly and multiply excited states. Finally, we present potential pathways toward control of the photon number statistics of multiexcitonic emission cascades.

Photocleavable Protecting Groups Using a Sulfite Self‐Immolative Linker for High Uncaging Quantum Yield and Aqueous Solubility

AbstractUsing light as an external stimulus to control (bio)chemical processes offers many distinct advantages. Most importantly, it allows for spatiotemporal control simply through operating the light source. Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) are a cornerstone class of compounds that are used to achieve photocontrol over (bio)chemical processes. PPGs are able to release a payload of interest upon light irradiation. The successful application of PPGs hinges on their efficiency of payload release, captured in the uncaging Quantum Yield (QY). Heterolytic PPGs efficiently release low pKa payloads, but their efficiency drops significantly for payloads with higher pKa values, such as alcohols. For this reason, alcohols are usually attached to PPGs via a carbonate linker. The self‐immolative nature of the carbonate linker results in concurrent release of CO2 with the alcohol payload upon irradiation. We introduce herein novel PPGs containing sulfites as self‐immolative linkers for photocaged alcohol payloads, for which we discovered that the release of the alcohol proceeds with higher uncaging QY than an identical payload released from a carbonate‐linked PPG. Furthermore, we demonstrate that uncaging of the sulfite‐linked PPGs results in the release of SO2 and show that the sulfite linker improves water solubility as compared to the carbonate‐based systems.

Phototheranostic LPP-QDs-IR-820 Nanocomposites for Specific NIR-II Imaging of Lymphatic and Photothermal Therapy of Cervical Tumors.

Precise theranostics of tumors is intricately linked to the early detection and monitoring of lymph nodes (LN) and metastases, making the targeted localization of LNs essential for tumor identification. However, designing LN-targeting probes remains a significant challenge due to issues such as lymphatic uptake, biocompatibility, and fluorescence stability. To address these challenges, near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence probes are developed through meticulous analysis of LN physiological structure and passive targeting strategy for LN detection and tumor therapy. An LPP-QDs-IR-820 nanocomposite (NCs) is engineered, comprising the IR-820 molecules and ultrabright PbS@CdS quantum dots (QDs), which are encapsulated within a liposome-SH-mPEG2000 polymer matrix. These NCs demonstrates remarkable lymphatic enrichment, facilitating real-time tracking of LN via electrostatic repulsion and extracellular matrix effects. Importantly, the NCs exhibit negligible in vivo toxicity and high biocompatibility. The intense NIR-II fluorescence emissions of IR-820 and PbS@CdS QDs confer upon the NCs a high NIR-II fluorescence quantum yield (6%). The cervical tumors and their deep microvessels are clearly observed via NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Moreover, the photothermal properties of IR-820 enable the NCs to achieve a photothermal conversion efficiency of 36.56%, leading to effective photothermal therapy in cervical tumor mice.

Photocleavable Protecting Groups Using a Sulfite Self-Immolative Linker for High Uncaging Quantum Yield and Aqueous Solubility.

Using light as an external stimulus to control (bio)chemical processes offers many distinct advantages. Most importantly, it allows for spatiotemporal control simply through operating the light source. Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) are a cornerstone class of compounds that are used to achieve photocontrol over (bio)chemical processes. PPGs are able to release a payload of interest upon light irradiation. The successful application of PPGs hinges on their efficiency of payload release, captured in the uncaging Quantum Yield (QY). Heterolytic PPGs efficiently release low pKa payloads, but their efficiency drops significantly for payloads with higher pKa values, such as alcohols. For this reason, alcohols are usually attached to PPGs via a carbonate linker. The self-immolative nature of the carbonate linker results in concurrent release of CO2 with the alcohol payload upon irradiation. We introduce herein novel PPGs containing sulfites as self-immolative linkers for photocaged alcohol payloads, for which we discovered that the release of the alcohol proceeds with higher uncaging QY than an identical payload released from a carbonate-linked PPG. Furthermore, we demonstrate that uncaging of the sulfite-linked PPGs results in the release of SO2 and show that the sulfite linker improves water solubility as compared to the carbonate-based systems.

Novel narrowband emitting red phosphor Sr3La2W2O12:Eu3+ with excellent thermal stability for WLEDs

AbstractThe development of red phosphors with good thermal stability, high quantum yield and high color purity is still a big challenge. In this work, a series of novel red phosphors Sr3La2W2O12:xEu3+ (0≤x≤0.18, ∆x = 0.03) were successfully prepared by high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The phosphors reveal a hexagonal phase with the space group of R‐3 m. The phosphor Sr3La2W2O12:Eu3+ produced narrowband red emission from 5D0→7F2 of Eu3+ (616 nm) under excitation at 395 nm, 465 nm, and 533 nm. Importantly, phosphor Sr3La2W2O12:0.09Eu3+ exhibits astonishing quantum efficiency (IQE = 89.60%, EQE = 41.52%), and it demonstrate robust thermal performance with the emission intensity retaining 92.73% at 558 K of that at 298 K. Finally, the prepared red phosphor Sr3La2W2O12:0.09Eu3+ and yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ were combined with a blue LED chip (460 nm) to form a WLED device, which presented warm white light with color coordinates of (0.3523, 0.3732), color rendering index of 83.7, and color temperature of 4826 K.

Fabrication and Fluorescence Analysis of Rhodamine Dyes in Polycarbonate Serpentine Microfluidic System.

The synthesis of rhodamine dyes (R6G and R1010) and their fluorescence characterization within polymer-based microfluidics, offers an exciting and novel approach in materials science and chemical analysis. This work investigates the emission of polycarbonate substrates (PC) by UV-visible. The ablation threshold (16mj.sec-1) of PC at 193nm wavelength after that ablation process continued to produce microfluidic serpentine channels on PC by using G-Code. The fluorescence characteristics of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine 101 are investigated. Absorption and emission at peak wavelength were analyzed against R6G and R101 concentrations. Furthermore, the refractive indices of both R6G and R101 vis concentrations are examined. As a result at low concentrations, there was the highest overlapping, and at high concentrations, there was the smallest overlapping. R101 showed better photostability and a more consistent diffusion, whereas R6G had a faster diffusion and stronger fluorescence intensity. These differences were caused by the different molecular structures of the dyes and their interactions with the PCmicrochannel. Incorporating R6G and R101 dyes into a polycarbonate PC microfluidic chip would enhances both the resolution and sensitivity of fluorescence detection. The limited microfluidic setup facilitates ultra-high-resolution investigation and minimizing sample volumes, making it suitable for applications requiring precise measurements. The innovation relies on the utilization of the unique fluorescence characteristics of R6G (Rhodamine 6G) and R101 (Rhodamine 101) dyes to enhance the performance of polycarbonate microfluidic devices. R6G has high fluorescence quantum yield and stability, rendering it suitable for sensitive detection, while R101 offers superior brightness and improved resistance to photobleaching. Incorporation of these dyes into polymeric microfluidics improves sensitivity and facilitates real-time, dynamic sample analysis. This method offers a portable, economical solution with high-throughput capabilities, greatly enhancing both analytical and process accuracy across a variety of applications.

Tailoring Ultra-Narrowband Tetraborylated Multiple Resonance Emitter for High-Performance Blue OLED.

Ultra-narrowband multiple resonance (MR) emitters are a key component in the fabrication of highly efficient and stable blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To explore the theoretical boundaries of wavelength and full width at half maximum (FWHM) in blue emitters, the currently narrowest boron-based MR emitter is carefully designed by integrating the superior v-DABNA and BBCz-DB structures under the auspices of the ingenious short-range charge-transfer region regulation strategy. The target tetraboron compound TB-PB demonstrates a blue emission with an emission maximum of 473nm, a small FWHM of 12nm and a CIEy coordinate of 0.14. Benefiting from the emitter's high photoluminescence quantum yield (99%), low excited-state energy (2.74eV) and short delayed fluorescence lifetime (0.53µs), the corresponding OLED achieves exceptional efficiencies of 36.4%, 49.1cdA-1, and 51.4lmW-1 with a record-high luminescence of 9.0×105cdm-2, an ultra-narrow FWHM of 15nm and a CIEy coordinate of 0.20. These breakthroughs will accelerate the development of next-generation blue emitters and lead to the advancement of OLED technology.

Unravelling structural insights into ligand-induced photoluminescence mechanisms of sulfur dots.

Sulfur dots (S-QDs) hold promise as a new category of metal-free, luminescent nanomaterials, yet their practical application faces challenges primarily due to a limited understanding of their structure and its impact on their optical properties. Herein, by employing a spectrum of aliphatic and aromatic ligands, we identify the surface structure and composition of S-QDs while delineating the pivotal role of ligands in inducing photoluminescence. Thiol-functionalized ligands, such as 4-mercapto benzoic acid and glutathione, notably promote the formation of both green and blue luminescent S-QDs, boosting a high quantum yield of up to 56%. Further investigation on the synthesis of S-QDs with 4-mercapto benzoic acid unveils the dual role of H2O2: etching sulfur powder and oxidizing the -SH group to -SO2H. These oxidized ligands passivate the S-QD surface through hydrogen bonding. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis unveils the presence of distinct sulfur species such as [S4(C6H5SO2H)4(H2O)2H]+ and [S6(C6H5SO2H)6(H2O)3H]+, while XPS analysis confirms the existence of zerovalent sulfur and oxidized sulfur species including SO32- and SO42-. Further detailed spectroscopic examination demonstrates that S-QDs predominantly exist as aggregated entities, with the emission wavelength correlating with the degree of aggregation. The absence of photoluminescence in aggregations devoid of ligands underscores the critical role of ligands in the photoluminescence genesis of S-QDs.

Versatile Spiral Donor‐Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Highly Efficient TADF‐OLED and TSF‐OLED Applications

AbstractHerein, a design strategy is explored for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials by employing the meta‐linkage of the spiral‐donors 10H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9'‐thioxanthene] (DspiroS) and 10',10'‐dimethyl‐10H,10'H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9'‐anthracene] (DspiroAc) to the robust acceptor 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRZ). Two distinct TADF materials, m‐DspiroS‐TRZ and m‐DspiroAc‐TRZ, exhibiting unique photophysical properties and performance characteristics were synthesized. Interestingly, even subtle modifications in the molecular architecture can significantly impact the organization of materials in their aggregated state, thereby governing photophysical properties and inducing corresponding alterations in photoelectric characteristics. Notably, m‐DspiroS‐TRZ exhibits superior photophysical properties and exciton dynamics data, achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) value of up to 95.9% and a rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (𝒌𝑹𝑰𝑺𝑪) of 1.0 × 106 s−1. This positions m‐DspiroS‐TRZ as a potentially excellent terminal emissive and sensitizing host material, inspiring further exploration of its applications in electroluminescence. Consequently, TADF organic light‐emitting device (TADF‐OLED) and TADF‐sensitized fluorescence (TSF‐OLED) based on m‐DspiroS‐TRZ have achieved maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 31.8% and 34.5%, respectively, demonstrating the significant versatile potential of m‐DspiroS‐TRZ.

Preparation of coal-based carbon quantum dots and their fluorescence properties

In the field of life sciences, cellular movements play a significant role in influencing the activities of organisms. Current methodologies have limitations in the monitoring of cell recognition, biological macromolecule localization, cell labeling, migration, and biosensors. Although metal–semiconductor quantum dots are commonly used, they may pose toxicity risks to the lungs and kidneys. On the other hand, carbon quantum dots possess the unique optoelectronic properties of traditional quantum dots while exhibiting low toxicity, good biocompatibility, excellent photostability, and abundant raw material sources. In this research, carbon quantum dots were synthesized using the nitric acid oxidation method. The study investigated the effects of temperature, time, and the type of low-rank coal on the synthesis of carbon quantum dots. The structure and properties of the carbon quantum dots, specifically their fluorescence characteristics, were thoroughly analyzed. The proposed synthesis approach includes the nitration of coal macromolecules and the thickening of aromatic clusters through the Scholl reaction, leading to enhanced fluorescence quantum efficiency. The findings of this study indicate that the carbon quantum dots produced through this method demonstrate a high fluorescence quantum yield, making them ideal fluorescent agents for material preparation and offering potential applications in the field of life sciences.

Regulating Atomically-Precise Pt Sites for Boosting Light-Driven Dry Reforming of Methane.

Light-driven dry reforming of methane is a promising and mild route to convert two greenhouse gas into valuable syngas. However, developing facile strategy to atomically-precise regulate the active sites and realize balanced and stable syngas production is still challenging. Herein, we developed a spatial confinement approach to precisely control over platinum species on TiO2 surfaces, from single atoms to nanoclusters. The configuration comprising single atoms and sub-nanoclusters engenders pronounced electronic metal-support interactions, with resultant interfacial states prompting surface charge rearrangement. The unique geometric and electronic properties of these atom-cluster assemblies facilitate effective activation of CH4 and CO2, accelerating intermediate coupling and minimizing side reactions. Our catalyst exhibits an outstanding syngas generation rate of 34.41 mol gPt -1 h-1 with superior durability, displaying high apparent quantum yield of 9.1 % at 365 nm and turnover frequency of 1289 h-1. This work provides insightful understanding for exploring more multi-molecule systems at an atomic scale.

Oriented Growth of Highly Emissive Manganese Halide Microrods for Dual‐Mode Low‐Loss Optical Waveguides

Zero‐dimensional (0D) structured lead‐free metal halides have recently attracted widespread attention due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and negligible self‐absorption, showing enormous potential as optical waveguides towards miniaturized photonic devices. However, due to the great difficulty in growth of rod‐like nano/micro‐sized morphologies, such applications have been less explored. Herein, a new‐type emissive organic‐inorganic manganese (II) halide crystal (TPS2MnCl4, TPS = C18H15S, triphenylsulfonium) in the form of microrods is synthesized via a facile chloride ion (Cl‐) induced oriented growth method. Due to a combination of attractive features such as a high PLQY of 86%, negligible self‐absorption and smooth crystal surface, TPS2MnCl4 microrods are well suited for use in optical waveguide with an ultra‐low optical loss coefficient of 1.20·10‐4 dB μm‐1, superior to that of most organic‐inorganic metal halide hybrids, organic materials, polymers and metal nanoclusters to the best of our knowledge. Importantly, TPS2MnCl4 microrods can further work as dual‐mode optical waveguides, combining active and passive light transmission functionalities in one single crystal. In addition, TPS2MnCl4 microrods also display remarkable performance in lighting and anti‐counterfeiting due to their distinct optical properties and commendable stability.

Regulating Atomically‐Precise Pt Sites for Boosting Light‐Driven Dry Reforming of Methane

AbstractLight‐driven dry reforming of methane is a promising and mild route to convert two greenhouse gas into valuable syngas. However, developing facile strategy to atomically‐precise regulate the active sites and realize balanced and stable syngas production is still challenging. Herein, we developed a spatial confinement approach to precisely control over platinum species on TiO2 surfaces, from single atoms to nanoclusters. The configuration comprising single atoms and sub‐nanoclusters engenders pronounced electronic metal‐support interactions, with resultant interfacial states prompting surface charge rearrangement. The unique geometric and electronic properties of these atom‐cluster assemblies facilitate effective activation of CH4 and CO2, accelerating intermediate coupling and minimizing side reactions. Our catalyst exhibits an outstanding syngas generation rate of 34.41 mol gPt−1 h−1 with superior durability, displaying high apparent quantum yield of 9.1 % at 365 nm and turnover frequency of 1289 h−1. This work provides insightful understanding for exploring more multi‐molecule systems at an atomic scale.

Air and Thermally Stable Fluoride Bridged Rare-Earth Clusters Showing Intense Photoluminescence and Potential LED Application.

Fluoride based lattice is attractive for reducing phonon-induced quenching in rare-earth (RE) based luminescent materials. However, due to the strong affinity betweenRE and oxygen, the synthesis of fluoride-based complexes has to be protected under anhydrous conditions,and many known fluoride bridged RE clusters are unstable in air. Here, by using the "mixed-ligand" strategy a family of fluoride bridged RE clusters is synthesized, namely RE16(μ4-F)6(μ3-F)12(tBuCOO)18[N(CH2CH2O)3]4 (RE = Eu, EuFC-16; RE = Tb, TbFC-16), which are highly stable in air and decomposed thermally only when heating above 435°C. Moreover, both clusters exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYEuFC-16 = 87.7%, PLQYTbFC-16 = 99.0%). Upon warming, EuFC-16 and TbFC-16 displayexcellent structural, thermal, and chroma stability. Thus, EuFC-16 and TbFC-16 have the potential to be used in light-emitting diode (LED) devices, offering many advantages over commercial phosphors. First, both clusters are soluble in UV-curable resin at any mixing rate, and the emission colors can be tuned from magenta, turquoise, willow green, and ivory to pure white if mixing blue phosphor BAM:Eu2+. Second, the clusters are hydrophobic, and the LEDs work well after soaking in water, indicating a good quality for outdoor lighting.

Surface Cation Cross‐Locking Enables Non‐Destructive “On‐Demand” Synthesis of Anion‐Exchanged CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals

AbstractPost‐synthetic halide anion exchange is considered a “double‐edged sword” for perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), which offer unique access to color tunability while bringing about surface defects. Herein, a novel surface cation cross‐locking (SCCL) strategy is proposed to achieve the anion‐exchanged CsPbX3 PNCs (X is Cl, Br, I) with non‐destructive emissions. This is achieved using a dendritic ligand of Pentaerythritol tetrakis (3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) as a surface cross‐locker, which can form the multiple coordination to the surface Pb cation of octahedral [PbX6]4− during the fast halide anion exchange via four end‐thiolates and four side‐carboxylates. As a result, the red‐ and blue‐emitting anion‐exchanged CsPbX3 PNCs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values of >97%, close to the parent green‐emitting CsPbBr3 PNCs. Moreover, the “on‐demand” synthesis of anion‐exchanged CsPbX3 PNCs is also performed via autonomous robotic in‐flow experimentation. This work provides a new general post‐synthetic way for the full‐color CsPbX3 PNCs with compositions that are inaccessible via direct synthetic routes.

Oriented Growth of Highly Emissive Manganese Halide Microrods for Dual-Mode Low-Loss Optical Waveguides.

Zero-dimensional (0D) structured lead-free metal halides have recently attracted widespread attention due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and negligible self-absorption, showing enormous potential as optical waveguides towards miniaturized photonic devices. However, due to the great difficulty in growth of rod-like nano/micro-sized morphologies, such applications have been less explored. Herein, a new-type emissive organic-inorganic manganese (II) halide crystal (TPS2MnCl4, TPS = C18H15S, triphenylsulfonium) in the form of microrods is synthesized via a facile chloride ion (Cl-) induced oriented growth method. Due to a combination of attractive features such as a high PLQY of 86%, negligible self-absorption and smooth crystal surface, TPS2MnCl4 microrods are well suited for use in optical waveguide with an ultra-low optical loss coefficient of 1.20·10-4 dB μm-1, superior to that of most organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids, organic materials, polymers and metal nanoclusters to the best of our knowledge. Importantly, TPS2MnCl4 microrods can further work as dual-mode optical waveguides, combining active and passive light transmission functionalities in one single crystal. In addition, TPS2MnCl4 microrods also display remarkable performance in lighting and anti-counterfeiting due to their distinct optical properties and commendable stability.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen: Role in Biopsy for Precision Medicine.

Biopsy, including tissue and liquid biopsy, offers comprehensive and real-time physiological and pathological information for disease detection, diagnosis, and monitoring. Fluorescent probes are frequently selected to obtain adequate information on pathological processes in a rapid and minimally invasive manner based on their advantages for biopsy. However, conventional fluorescent probes have been found to show aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) properties, impeding greater progresses in this area. Since the discovery of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) have promoted rapid advancements in molecular bionanomaterials owing to their unique properties, including high quantum yield (QY) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), etc. This review seeks to present the latest advances in AIEgen-based biofluorescent probes for biopsy in real or artificial samples, and also the key properties of these AIE probes. This review is divided into: (i) tissue biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (ii) blood sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (iii) urine sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (iv) saliva sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (v) biopsy of other liquid samples based on smart AIEgens, and (vi) perspectives and conclusion. This review could provide additional guidance to motivate interest and bolster more innovative ideas for further exploring the applications of various smart AIEgens in precision medicine.