Higher Qualifications Research Articles

Remuneration Model for Health Workers in A State University Hospital (Case Study at The University of Indonesia Hospital)

A high turn over rate is an indicator for a company to implement a strategy to retain employees. From the literature study, it was found that one of the efforts to retain employees is through compensation strategies. Compensation can be used as an attraction to attract prospective employees with high qualifications and retain high performing employees. The role of state university hospitals (RSPTN) as places for education, research and integrated health services in the fields of medical and/or dental education, continuing education and other health education in a multi-professional manner cannot be separated from the role of existing health workers. This research is to look for components that can be taken into account as remuneration components to obtain a remuneration model for health workers at RSPTN.

Romania’s 1866 Electoral System and the Quest for National Sovereignty

Abstract In 1866, religion played a significant role in unifying the Romanian national spirit. A foreign prince was brought to rule under the Orthodox faith, and this religious aspect was incorporated into Article 82 of the Constitution. The limitation of political rights in Romania was based on ethnic criteria, with Jews and other non-Christians excluded from full participation. The electoral system introduced a high property-based voting qualification, reflecting, to some extent, liberal principles, but effectively limiting actual participation. Thus, the Romanian Constitution of 1866 struck a delicate balance between borrowed liberal ideals and the specific cultural context of Romania. It emphasized the role of religion and property ownership in shaping political rights and identity, while also attempting to align with European constitutional standards. The electoral system of 1866 in Romania fell short of democratic ideals and perpetuated inequalities. It shaped the political landscape and had far-reaching consequences for the country’s governance and representation.

Дослідження сенсомоторних реакцій каратистів 10-13 років

Purpose: to determine the level of sensorimotor reactions of karateka of 10-13 years old. Material and methods. The following research methods were used in the present research: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical supervision; psychophysiological measurements; mathematical and statistical methods of the research. The research was attended by karate juniors of the sports club «Centurion», Kharkiv, in the amount of 26 sportsmen who were divided into 2 groups of 13 people according to the age criterion. The first group of karateka is 10-11 years old, the second one is 12-13 years old. To determine the level of manifestation of sensorimotor reactions a complex of special programs for tablet computers under the control of iOS was used. The results of sensorimotor reactions of the athletes studied by the following tests were obtained: TestSTMemory (short-term visual memory); Visuomotor Choice Reaction (choice reactions); Reaction RMO (reactions to a moving object); TappingPro (number and duration of taps during the 1st minute). Results: the duration of a sensorimotor reaction is one of the neurophysiological indicators. It is the simplest, most accessible and at the same time very accurate neurophysiological indicator. It reflects the speed of neural processes and their switching, motor coordination, overall performance, and the dynamics of the central nervous system. The analysis of the study results showed that karateka aged 10-11 have 13 % less perceptual capacity than karateka aged 12-13. Older karateka were better at memorizing and passing tests faster because this cognitive activity is associated with memorizing the opponent's positions and differentiating hidden signals before motor actions. The choice reaction of older athletes is 26 % higher, which indicates that karateka aged 12-13 years have a more perfect control of the mechanism of movement. The reaction to a moving object in older athletes is 52 % more accurate. In the tapping test, older karateka made 11 % more taps due to their higher qualifications and physiological development. Statistically significant results were obtained in the Wilcoxon test – «Choice Reaction», «Short-term Visual Memory» and «Reaction to a Moving Object». The results of older athletes in the «Tepping Test» are better, but not statistically significant (p>0,05). The better results of older sportsmen in other tests are connected with the growth of the volume of special exercises, namely exercises with elements of martial arts. Conclusions. The above tests can be used in the training process of karateka for the definition of psychophysiological features, because according to the analysis and comparison of the received data in tests «Reaction of a choice», «Short-term visual memory» and «Reaction to a moving object» the senior karateka have statistically reliably better indicators than younger sportsmen (p<0,05). It is connected with the growth of the volume of special exercises in sportsmen of the senior group, namely exercises with elements of martial arts.

The research of effectiveness and stability of performance of the top ball serve in a game by volleyball players of teams of different qualification

The article deals with issues related to the performance of ball serves by teams in the XXXI Ukrainian Championship (men) of the 2021/2022 season in the Higher and 1st league-Dmart. The purpose of the study: to analyse the performance and stability of the top serve in the games of volleyball teams of different qualifications Material and methods of the study. The study was conducted from October 2021 to February 2022. We analysed the statistical data of the XXXI Ukrainian Championship of the First and Higher League-Dmart of the 2021/2022 season in volleyball of men's teams and other teams according to the following indicators: best serve (service aces), best serve (service aces/party). To study the performance and stability of ball serves by players of teams of different qualifications, observations (protocol record) of competitive games were used. A total of 20 games were analysed. Results of the study. Serving is a technical technique by which the ball is put into play. Our observations of competitive games allowed us to study the use of different sports qualifications by players in their playing practice of ways of serving the ball. Thus, we have determined that the most frequently used by players of both high and low qualification are upper direct serves (86.1 %). Of these, 55.6 % are jump serves. It is also established that the higher the indicators of efficiency and stability of ball serves of these teams, the higher the level of qualification of teams in the league and the place in the standings of the championship. Conclusions. 1. It has been found that.

Associations between type 1 diabetes and educational outcomes: an Aotearoa/New Zealand nationwide birth cohort study using the Integrated Data Infrastructure

Aims/hypothesisType 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. It is hypothesised that the metabolic and psychosocial consequences of type 1 diabetes may affect educational outcomes; however, existing literature presents conflicting results. This study aimed to assess whether educational outcomes differ for young people with and without type 1 diabetes in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ).MethodsThis was a nationwide 9 year birth cohort study of all people born in NZ from 1993 to 2001 using linked administrative data held within the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a national research database containing linked health and non-health data. Educational outcomes of high school attainment, high school attendance and university enrolment were measured from age 13 years until 20 years. Generalised linear regression models with log link and Gaussian distributions were used to compare educational outcomes between those with and those without type 1 diabetes, adjusting for sociodemographic and maternal characteristics.ResultsOf the 442,320 children in the birth cohort, type 1 diabetes was identified in 2058 (0.47%) (mean [SD] age of type 1 diabetes diagnosis 7.7 [3.4] years). Educational outcomes were significantly lower for children with type 1 diabetes than for those without type 1 diabetes, including for any high school qualification (RR 0.97 [95% CI 0.95, 0.99]), university entrance-level high school attainment (RR 0.88 [95% CI 0.84, 0.92]), regular high school attendance (RR 0.91 [95% CI 0.85, 0.97]) and university enrolment (RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88, 0.98]), even after adjusting for sociodemographic and maternal factors. In addition, educational outcomes were substantially lower for those with post type 1 diabetes diagnosis hospitalisations for diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia.Conclusions/interpretationIn this whole NZ birth cohort study, type 1 diabetes was associated with lower educational outcomes spanning secondary school and into university enrolment. Ongoing efforts to support students with type 1 diabetes are needed, particularly for those with a greater risk profile.Graphical

Electrocardiographic interpretation by emergency medical services professionals in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study.

Management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiac arrhythmias in prehospital settings is largely determined by providers of emergency medical services (EMS) who can proficiently interpret the electrocardiography (ECG). The aim of this study was to assess the ECG competency of EMS providers in Saudi Arabia. Between Aug and Sep 2022, we invited all EMS providers working for the Saudi Red Crescent Authority in Makkah, Riyadh, and Sharqiyah regions to complete a cross-sectional survey. The survey was used to assess the ability of EMS providers to interpret 12 ECG strips. Characteristics and ECG competency were summarized using descriptive statistics. Differences in ECG competency across paramedics with lower and higher qualifications were assessed. During the study period, 231 participants completed the survey, and all were included. The overall mean age was 33.4, and most participants were male (94.8%). Nearly half of the participants were paramedics with an associate degree and 46.4% were paramedics with higher degrees. The average rate of correct answers to the 12 ECG strips was 43.3% (95% CI: 35.4%, 51.3%). Atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, 3rd degree heart block, and ventricular tachycardia were identified by 52.8%, 60.2%, 42.0%, 40.7%, and 49.4% of the participants, respectively. The strip with an AMI was identified by 41.1%, while a pathological Q wave and ventricular extrasystole were identified by 19.1% and 24.7%, respectively. Paramedics with higher qualifications were as 28.0%-61.0% more likely to correctly interpret the 12 ECG strips compared to those with an associate degree (p-value across all variables was ≤ 0.001). While the majority of participants in our region were unable to correctly answer the 12 ECG questionnaire, paramedics with higher qualifications were. Our study indicates that there is a need for evidenced-based ECG curricula targeting different levels of EMS professionals.

Librarians’ Perceptions toward Virtual Reference Services in Pakistani University Libraries

This study determines librarians’ perceptions of Virtual Reference Services (VRS) in university libraries in Pakistan. Based on the census, data was collected from 29 head librarians of Lahore through a questionnaire. The results show that short messaging, instant messaging, and ask a librarian are prominent VRS. Time-saving, 24/7 service, reduced workload, and easy access are significant merits. Increased users’ expectations, staff training, and special skills to answer users’ queries are the key challenges. Librarians with higher qualifications have a positive opinion and fewer challenges to offering VRS. This service is likely to become necessary in academic libraries in Pakistan.

Sixty years of the Colworth Medal

The Colworth Medal is an esteemed annual award for outstanding research by a young biochemist of any nationality who has carried out the majority of their work in the UK or Republic of Ireland. Donated in 1963 by Unilever Research Colworth Laboratory, the award is made to an early career scientist who is within 10 years of receiving their highest qualification. Interviews with past winners from 1963 to 2013 were previously published throughout 2013. To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Colworth Medal, interviews with our latest winners have been included in The Biochemist throughout 2023. In this final issue, we will hear from Dr Melina Schuh (2019), Dr Tanmay Bharat (2022) and Professor Stephen Wallace (2023).

The Effect of Training and Development Effectiveness on Jordanian Municipalities

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of training and development effectiveness on Jordanian municipality's performance. It aims to understand the relationship between training programs and municipal outcomes, with a focus on employee performance and organizational effectiveness.
 
 Theoretical framework: The study employs a descriptive analysis approach to explore its objectives. It relies on a questionnaire-based data collection method, targeting all workers in Jordanian municipalities and the Greater Amman Municipality. The research uses statistical analysis software SPSS for data analysis and hypothesis testing.
 
 Design, methodology, approach: The study's design involves surveying 7043 employees across various job titles in Jordanian municipalities and the Amman municipality. The questionnaire serves as the primary data collection tool. The research utilizes the SPSS program for statistical analysis and hypothesis validation. Descriptive statistics and analytical methods are employed to assess the effectiveness of training and development programs.
 
 Findings: The study reveals that the majority of employees are male, aged 40 or younger, with less than 15 years of service. Around 78.5% of employees hold a diploma or higher qualification. The research indicates an average level of approval regarding the performance of municipalities and employees. It establishes a significant impact of training and development effectiveness on municipal and employee performance, influenced by factors such as academic qualification and age.
 
 Research, practical & social implications: The findings emphasize the need for tailored training programs, especially for younger employees and newcomers. The study advocates for comprehensive training preparation, evaluation based on predefined criteria, and the allocation of financial resources in municipal budgets for ongoing training and development initiatives. These insights have practical implications for enhancing municipal employee performance and, consequently, the overall functioning of Jordanian municipalities.
 
 Originality: This study contributes original insights by investigating the specific context of Jordanian municipalities. It sheds light on the effectiveness of training and development programs, highlighting their influence on employee and municipal performance. The research provides unique recommendations, emphasizing the importance of targeted training for specific employee groups and the necessity of financial allocation for sustained training efforts.

University Degrees of Higher Worth - vis-à-vis Sunak

The RT Hon Rishi Sunak MP, the first of his kind in the history of the UK, as a minority and from immigrant parents, announced in the same week that his government pushed through the Anti-immigration bill that he will restrict Universities from running courses which are in his vision of ‘low worth’. This created unrest among the academic circles, who either took to Twitter to report how they have personally gained and also gainfully contributed to society with the 'lower worth' higher qualifications. There was also the band of social scientists who described how this elitist view is designed to reduce the access to students from multiple deprivation backgrounds to courses such as arts, humanities, and philosophy which are truly then reserved for those from the top of the socio-economic food chain. This argument or viewpoint is not new and nor will it be the last time that such a debate is had in society. This debate about what knowledge or study is considered useful or gainful in society can be described in economic or utilitarian versus philosophical terms.

Skills-First Approach in the Context of the Twin Transition

Skills, reskilling and higher qualifications have become increasingly important in the labor market as a result of the labor shortage faced by economic agents. This labor shortage is due to the effects of the twin ecological and digital transitions, demographic aging and the speed with which skill requirements in the labor market are changing and will trigger significant changes in the labor market. The aim of the paper is to understand the changes on the labor market in the context of the acceleration of twin transitions and how the skills-first approach could improve this transition in Romania. After reviewing the specialized literature and presenting the theoretical framework, the evolution of the Beveridge Curve in the period 2008-2022 and the social impact of the twin transition will be analyzed. The results underline the maintenance of the low capacity of the economy to create new jobs, as well as the large number of people without a job in the period 2020-2022. The top skill required on the labor market is the use of digital tools and top occupations in this skill are of ICT professionals, researchers, engineers.

The Nexus among board diversity and bank stability: Implications from gender, nationality and education

This study investigates how diversity in the board of directors affects bank stability. We examine diversity in terms of gender, academic education, and nationality. Using a unique (global) sample from 14 countries, we find strong evidence that banks with female directors on the board are positively associated with bank stability. Directors holding high educational qualifications (PhD) are positively associated with bank stability. Conversely, foreign directors on the board are significantly and negatively associated with bank stability. Conditional on the bank type, our results reveal significantly differential effects of gender, nationality, and education on bank stability.

Pacific Islands Families Study: Household Food Security during Pregnancy and Secondary School Educational Achievement.

Nutritional environment in early life is a key factor for brain development and function. It is important to understand the relationship between nutrition in early life and academic achievement in adolescence. The birth cohort of the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) study was born in the year 2000. When their child was six weeks old, mothers were asked questions concerning food security over the past year. Two binary measures of food security were derived as previously used in PIF and also by the Ministry of Health (MOH). In 2020, records of academic achievement from the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) for 649 (317 female, 332 male) cohort members showed progressive achievement at levels 1, 2, and 3 of NCEA and allowed University Entrance (UE) to be assessed. The prevalence of food insecurity was not different for sex but high at 29% and 42% using the PIF and MOH definitions of food insecurity, respectively. More females (27%) than males (18%) achieved UE as their highest qualification, and more males (40%) than females (31%) achieved NCEA levels 1 or 2 as their highest qualification. UE was achieved by 25% of those born into food-secure households and 17% from food-insecure households. Logistic regression demonstrated that the odds of achieving UE were 1.8-fold (95% CI 1.2, 2.6, p = 0.003) higher in females than males and, independently, 1.6-fold (95% CI 1.1, 2.5 p = 0.026) higher if the household was food secure. This work emphasises the importance of maternal and early-life food security for subsequent academic achievement and the well-being of future generations.

Physicians’ Response on Haemophilia Care in South Western Nigeria

Introduction: Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder that affects predominantly male because it is an X chromosome linked disorder. The severity of the disease is determined by the percentage of Factors VIII and IX activity in the individuals with Haemophilia.
 Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of haemophilia care in the southwestern part of Nigeria. This forms part of a nationwide survey in 2016, focusing especially on whether or not physicians in specific hospitals in the states in south west had ever managed a haemophiliac.
 Methods: A self-administered questionnaire titled “Survey on Haemophilia Care in Nigeria” was developed for physicians in order to assess their experience on Haemophilia care in Nigeria. The responses from the Doctors were entered into SPSS (version 23) using the Data Dictionary (on survey of haemophilia) coded table prepared along with the questionnaire.
 Results: The self-administered questionnaires were retrieved from 215 physicians in south west, Nigeria. Most of the respondents are from Oyo state, no respondent from both Osun and Ondo states. Also, about two-thirds of the respondents work in a teaching hospital, with majority having Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) as the highest qualification.
 Conclusion: The care of haemophiliacs in the south western part of Nigeria needs to be standardized as the study showed that most physicians have no contact with Haemophiliacs.

The impact of lookism on employment decisions: evidence from China

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a facial photo of female job applicants on employment decisions.Design/methodology/approachA laboratory or “controlled” experiment was conducted to examine the impacts of job applicants’ facial photos, job applicants' professional qualifications (education level and years of work experience), raters’ gender and college student raters’ academic year on employment-related decisions in a hypothetical situation in the Chinese context. A descriptive analysis and mixed-design factorial ANOVA were conducted.FindingsSignificant main effects were found for the applicant’s photo and professional qualifications in the analysis of employment decisions. Significant interaction effects were also found in the analysis.Originality/valueDiscrimination against applicants who attached unattractive photos was more pronounced for the interview decision when the applicants had low qualifications than when they had high qualifications. Although both male and female raters’ ratings of the interview, hiring and salary decisions decreased as attractiveness decreased, it was more pronounced for male raters than female raters.

Eddy Current Flow Meter Measurements in Liquid Sodium at High Temperatures

Abstract We present measurement results for the flow rate of liquid sodium at temperatures up to 700 °C that were obtained with a high-temperature prototype of an immersed eddy current flow meter. The experimental campaign was conducted at the SOLTEC-2 sodium loop at KIT. The main objective of the experiments is the high-temperature qualification of the Eddy Current Flow Meter as part of the safety instrumentation of generation IV liquid metal-cooled fast reactors. There it is intended to be used for monitoring the flow rate of the coolant and to detect possible blockages of subassemblies. Due to the large liquid metal volume, the sensor has to be located close to the subassemblies, therefore measurements from outside of the vessel are not possible and an immersed sensor is required. We demonstrate the successful application of the immersed eddy current flow meter (ECFM) at such high temperatures and identify the relevant effects with impact on the sensor performance.

Digital literacy among students in medical institutions of higher education in distance learning situations

Digital educational technologies are an innovative way of organizing the educational process, based on the use of electronic and information systems, which ensure visibility of the formation of digital skills among students of higher education institutions. The article analyzes the use of digital technologies by students of medical institutions of higher education when studying natural sciences in the conditions of distance learning, using the example of the educational component «Medical and biological physics; Medical information technologies». The analysis and synthesis of search results in information systems was carried out in order to define research concepts, methods of expert evaluation, observation, modeling, and forecasting. The principles of the «digitalization of Ukraine» policy were concidered, the components of the concept of «digital information literacy» were defined, and the effectiveness of the use of digital programs and devices in the educational process in medical institutions of higher education was investigated. The survey method was used for the research. A structured questionnaire in the form of a Google form was developed to collect information. The role of digital learning technologies in the educational space and their application in the educational process was determined. It was found that the number of e-books in the respondent’s home reduced the probability of weak skills, but had no relationship with strong skills. Frequency of using digital skills at university reduced the likelihood of weak skills, but there was no association with strong skills. This suggests that the use of digital technologies in the university can protect against low productivity, but does not guarantee high qualifications. Students’ general cognitive abilities are positively related to their digital self-efficacy accuracy. Students with more experience in the informational Internet space demonstrate more accurate digital self-efficacy. It is shown that digital technologies in the educational space, due to their visibility, accessibility and orientation to the individual abilities of students, are a necessary condition for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process. The use of digital technologies by students of medical institutions of higher education on the example of studying the educational component «Medical and biological physics; Medical information technologies» increase students’ motivation to study, contribute to the development of digital practical skills in future specialists.

Pengembangan Buku Big Book “Miki Si Gajah Kecil” Sebagai Media Pengenalan Literasi Lingkungan

Environmental literacy is important for early childhood development as a cognitive experience of the natural environment. However, the introduction of environmental literacy in urban schools requires environmental literacy learning media. The purpose of the study was to develop an environmental literacy big book with the theme "Miki the Little Elephant". The research uses the R&D research method and the ADDIE development method, namely analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data source is children and teachers at Taman Kurnia Kindergarten Denpasar. Data collection by observation, interview, and questionnaire instrument. Analysis with qualitative and quantitative descriptive results from the PAUD material expert test results, namely 3 Kindergarten teachers and 2 media expert lecturers. The research was limited to the validation test due to limited time for field testing. The results showed the value of expert validation score 90.00% very high qualification, the results of learning content expert test score 91.67% very high qualification, the results of design expert test score 85.00% high qualification, the results of media expert test score 85.71% high qualification. The conclusion is that the development of big book books as a medium for introducing environmental literacy is very feasible as an early childhood learning media

Specific of the creation and functioning of the financial and economic security system of business entities

The article aims to research the theoretical aspects of the creation and functioning of the financial and economic security system of business entities. The relevance of the researched problem is determined by the need for subjects of economic activity to create an effective system of economic security. An analysis was carried out to interpret the concept of «financial and economic security». Understanding business entities' financial and economic security makes it possible to state that such security is considered the ability to independently develop and implement a financial strategy following the corporate strategy's goals in an uncertain and competitive environment. It was determined that the goal of financial and economic security is to guarantee the financial stability and maximum effective functioning of the enterprise in the current period and a high development potential in the future, the primary condition of which is the ability to resist existing negative external and internal factors, emerging dangers and threats that can cause losses to the enterprise. The purpose and basic principles of ensuring business entities' financial and economic security are considered. Defined the role of financial and economic security in ensuring the stable and practical development of the enterprise and systematized its types to the main criteria. It has been established that a business entity's financial and economic security is a complex system that includes a particular set of internal characteristics to ensure the efficiency of the use of corporate resources in each area of activity. Features of the creation and functioning of the financial and economic security system of business entities are revealed – this is the economic state of business entity of the system, which achieves balance and resistance to negative manifestations of threats, and there is the ability to ensure its own practical and sustainable development, considering its economic interests. Proposed directions for improving the financial and economic security system of business entities, namely: implementing effective risk management strategies, improving the control and audit system, and ensuring high qualification of management personnel. Keywords: financial and economic security, business entities, system of financial and economic security, financial policy, the structure of the financial and economic security system.

The Effect of Group Size on Cognitive and Behavioural Students' Engagement

The size of the group is an important subject to discuss, especially in light of the challenges that appear with the trend toward large institutions with large student bodies in higher education, including the quality of student integration and the quality requirements that higher education must meet in light of the high qualifications demanded by the world of employment. In this study, we examine the effect of learning-group size on students’ cognitive and behavioral engagement. In a quantitative approach, a questionnaire survey is used to collect data from 234 students at the Hassan II University in Casablanca. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the influence of group size on students’ cognitive and behavioral engagement. The participants were separated into 140 students in large groups and 94 small groups. A questionnaire measured the impact of group size on participants’ cognitive and behavioral engagement and had a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.9. According to the study’s findings, group size should be taken into account because it affects most factors related to cognitive and behavioral engagement. To increase student involvement and boost their academic achievement, it is advised that more empirical research should be done in order to develop pedagogical strategies to control this difference much better.