High-priced Products Research Articles

Comments: Costs of Technology to Reduce Emissions

Seven years, and we’re on track to exceed the 1.5°C target established by the Paris Agreement in 2015 to limit global warming by 2030. Instead, we may be turning up the heat to 3.0°C, according to a report released last month by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). And in this case, doubling the wager does not hold potential for greater rewards. It’s clear that current climate policies will not accomplish the mitigation of emissions needed to achieve the target. Equally clear is the challenge for policymakers to decide how much to spend on measures to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) and for people to understand the costs and reasons for the outlay from governments (the people’s money) or higher prices for products and services (again, the people’s money). To make informed and as-realistic-as-possible decisions, all stakeholders need to be able to compare and understand the costs of various options. Those costs are not easily calculated. Mitigative measures are nascent when viewed in the context of “how things have always been done.” In this third IPCC report released since August 2021, the focus was on the technologies to mitigate emissions. Science-based measurements of the types and amounts of emissions and their validly measured reductions are critical to making the most beneficial and cost-effective decisions about the technologies to be implemented. The IPCC tackled the task of quantifying various technologies’ effectiveness as estimated in GtCO2-eq yr–1 by 2030, their likelihood of doing so this decade, and the economics of their deployment. The chart shows the current accounting. Note the lines indicating the “uncertainty range” for each option. Blue shading represents cost competitiveness today; light orange to dark red means investment is needed. Mitigation options costing $100 GtCO2-eq–1 or less are estimated to potentially reduce global GHG emissions by at least half the 2019 level by 2030. Options costing less than $20 GtCO2-eq–1 are estimated to make up more than half of this potential. Large contributions that cost less than $20 come from solar and wind energy, energy efficiency improvements, reduced conversion of natural ecosystems, and CH4 emissions reductions (coal mining, oil and gas, waste). Carbon capture and storage, not surprisingly, needs investment today and in the longer term. Its potential by 2030 is small and it is expensive. For example, Oxy updated investors on 23 March on its plans to invest up to $1 billion in its direct-air-capture facility, expected to remove up to 1 mtpa of CO2 annually from its location in the Permian Basin to be sequestered in enhanced-oil-recovery reservoirs. Larry W. Lake presents a pragmatic view of using what has been learned in CO2-EOR to upscale CCS in this month’s Guest Editorial. The report dedicates a chapter to innovation, technology development, and transfer. Slowdowns result from an inadequate supply of trained scientists and engineers and the willingness of consumers to accept new technology. Another barrier referenced in the report is the concept of the “four valleys of death” for climate-tech entrepreneurs. The complete report can be found here and warrants at least a skim of the executive summaries of the chapters of interest to you.

WHY ARE FARMERS WILLING TO JOIN PARTNERSHIPS IN ORGANIC RICE? CASE IN NGAWI ORGANIC CENTER COMMUNITY, EAST JAVA

Organic farming is more profitable because of the increasing demand and high product prices. However, it is not easy for farmers to decide on rice farming organically. Farmers faced obstacles such as limited capital, lack of knowledge about organic technology, and no price guarantee for organic farmers who have not been certified organic. It is necessary to develop some policies such as institutions. A partnership is one of the institution's solutions for farmers to increase their willingness to join organic rice farming. This research was conducted in Ngawi Regency, East Java, from March 2020. Ngawi Organic Center Community (KNOC) is a partner institution with experience in pioneering and fostering organic farmers. The research aims to analyze (1) the factors that influence organic rice farmers for decision-making partnership; (2, the mechanism of organic rice partnership; and (3) the benefits farmers get from the partnership. Logistic Regression used to analyze the factors that influence the farmers' decisions. Descriptive analysis is used to investigate the mechanism of organic rice partnership between organic rice farmers and KNOC. The descriptive analysis also describes the benefits of partnerships received by farmers. The study results show that farming experience, land area and frequency of extension significantly affect farmers' decision making. The organic rice partnership mechanism regulated in a written contract, with the Agribusiness Operational Cooperation partnership pattern. The high price of organic rice is the most profitable partnership benefit for farmers (81,67%).

Comparative techno-economic assessment of bio-methanol and bio-DME production from oil palm residue

The techno-economic assessment was performed to investigate and compare the production of bio-methanol and bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) via the combined gasification and chemical synthesis processes (i.e., gasification-methanol (MeOH) and gasification-DME). The combined processes were simulated using oxygen as a gasifying agent and the oil palm trunk, the agricultural waste generated from the palm oil industry, as feedstock. The gasification-MeOH process offered a higher amount of valuable product (methanol) and released a larger amount of CO2. The energy analysis indicated the two biomass conversion processes were exothermic process. The gasification-DME process presented a higher biomass conversion efficiency of 59.5% compared to 47.6% of the gasification-MeOH. The pinch analysis of gasification-MeOH and the gasification-DME processes indicated threshold pinch that required only cold utility of 0.5542 kW and 0.7258 kW, respectively. Regarding the economic aspect, the two processes were still not economically feasible, and the methanol and DME prices and the project lifetime influenced their economic performance. However, due to the high product price, the gasification-DME process was approximately 7% more economically feasible than the gasification-MeOH process.

Strategi Bank Syariah Dalam Pembiayaan Mikro pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19


 
 
 At the end of 2019 there was a global change due to the corona virus disease which was then called Covid-19 which first appeared in Wuhan, China. WHO officially announced this respiratory virus as a pandemic in March 2020. Covid-19 has caused the death rate to continue to increase both in the world and in Indonesia. Covid-19 affects various sectors, one of the sectors most affected is the economic sector. It is known that during the Covid-19 pandemic, Indonesia's GDP decreased, the unemployment rate increased, and also in the microeconomic sector many MSMEs experienced a decline in business and even bankruptcy. Whereas MSMEs are one of the most influential sectors for GDP in Indonesia. MSME turnover has decreased while MSMEs need capital assistance for their business. To overcome and support MSMEs, the role of financial institutions is very much needed. One of the Financial Institutions that plays a role in providing capital for MSMEs is Islamic Banking, this is because Islamic Banking focuses on the real sector, even though on the Islamic Banking side there needs to be a strategy before providing financing so that Islamic Banking can maintain financial stability during this pandemic. Therefore, this research is entitled: Strategy of Islamic Banks in Microfinance during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study of BSI KCP Sentul). With the formulation of the problem; (1) Problems encountered in microfinance at BSI KCP Sentul during the pandemic; (2) Solutions to problems encountered in microfinance at BSI KCP Sentul during the pandemic; (3) Strategy of BSI KCP Sentul in microfinance during the pandemic. The method used is descriptive qualitative by interviewing 3 people from BSI KCP Sentul. This study uses primary data, namely interviews. The results of this study are: (1) the problems faced are in the form of internal problems which include performance such as weak financing analysis, limited human resources in the field of financing settlement, weaknesses in bank policies that apply high product prices, and also access to Islamic banking which is still difficult to reach. Meanwhile, the external problems faced in the form of problems stemming from the character of customers, covid-19, government regulations, and the legality of MSMEs; (2) The solution from the internal banking side is to carry out managerial supervision of the Bank and conduct regular communication to customers, improve the capacity of human resources in terms of micro-financing, and provide indirect financing through BPRS; (3) The first banking strategy is to provide financing to MSMEs that are not significantly affected by Covid-19, establish a microfinance service center, and provide lower margins.
 Keywords: Covid-19, MSMEs, Islamic Banking.

Build Real Estate Evaluation Model Based on Customer Requirement After COVID-19

In Taiwan, real estate is not only the high price product but also is necessities. Every family needs real estate to live. Maybe, some citizens decide to rent house in the short period. But, major part of citizen will purchase real estate in the future. In past researches, evaluating performance of real estate mainly consider the function and condition of this house such as location, house type, floor, building age etc. However, the demand of specific consumer is importance factors to evaluate the performance of this customer. Especially, the requirement of real estate for consumer has been changed after COVID-19. The goal of this study is to build the evaluation model and relative criteria to evaluate performance of real estate in order to fit with the requirement of specific real estate consumer. A case study is implemented for the reader to realize the proposed method. Sensitive analysis will be executed and proposed method will be compared with traditional multi criteria method to justify the usefulness of this method. Some conclusion and future research will be taken over as ending.

When fashion meets crowdfunding: exploring sustainable and innovative features of online campaigns

PurposeThis paper analyses the factors that make fashion-product crowdfunding campaigns successful. The authors argue that crowdfunding is an innovative and functional way of bringing new fashion items to the market. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question whether product innovation, lifecycle and sustainability have a positive effect on the success of fashion crowdfunding campaigns. The findings highlight that the success of the fashion crowdfunding campaigns depends on creators' adherence to the values of the platform which they use to raise capital.Design/methodology/approachA total of 300 fashion crowdfunding projects running between the 17th of October and the 15th of December 2017 were collected from Kickstarter – the world's largest crowdfunding platform based on reward-based all-or-nothing model. Two-step binomial logistic regression was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe model predicted a significant increase in the odds of success for the fashion items crowdfunded during the first-time production, and innovative and environmentally sustainable products with a higher price range of rewards. In line with previous literature, regression analyses predicted a significant effect of the control variables of goal amount (negative) and the number of rewards (positive). Contrary to previous studies, neither the presence of a video nor the campaign length predicted success.Originality/valueThe novel findings of this study contribute to the literature by providing an analysis of success factors of fashion items on crowdfunding platforms. The results show that innovative, environmentally sustainable and higher-priced products produced by early-stage ventures are better welcomed by the audiences.

Exploring public attention about green consumption on Sina Weibo: Using text mining and deep learning

Achieving the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak as scheduled puts forward new demands for the green transition of low-carbon lifestyle in Chinese society. In-depth practice of green consumption (GC) behavior can effectively promote the supply-side and consumption-side emission reduction work, but the phenomenon of “high awareness, low practice” is widespread in GC. The causes of consumers' low practice of GC need to be analyzed from the perspective of time and space from the actual media data. Furthermore, this process assists policymakers and stakeholders to understand the general attitude of the public towards GC, clarifying the propagation path of public emotions and the source of negative emotions. Based on the data from Sina Weibo, this paper applied text mining, a hybrid model of convolutional neural network and long and short-term memory neural network to analyze the public's attention, sentiment tendency and hot topics on GC. The results show that the vast majority of the Chinese public has a positive attitude toward GC; women and economically developed regions are more concerned about GC; the drivers of positive public sentiment toward GC include environmental awareness education, air pollution prevention and control, and online shopping; high green product prices, excessive time costs, chaotic sharing economy and one-size-fits-all solutions lead to negative public sentiment toward GC. By providing public sentiment analysis of GC, this research would assist decision-makers to understand the dissemination mechanism of public will in social media and clarify targeted solutions, which is of great significance for policy formulation and improvement.

Knowledge, attitude and awareness of Saudi adults regarding organic food

While organic food is gaining popularity worldwide, organic food consumption is still a concern in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to the small percentage of consumers purchasing such products regularly. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge and awareness of and attitudes toward organic food. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Madinah, KSA. Considering the significant role of consumers' awareness of organic food consumption and healthy food choices, 1200 participants (54% were female) were interviewed while shopping in three different hypermarkets using a self-report questionnaire. The study indicated that 80% of the participants had heard about organic food, that 65% of them had consumed organic food and that 69% reported it being difficult to find organic food. Overall, 48% of the participants had purchased organic food, and 57% stated that supermarkets were their preferred venues for purchasing organic food. Fruits/vegetables (39%) and food for children (37%) were most frequently purchased from organic food departments. For 56% of the participants, the high price of organic food products was identified as the main barrier to purchasing such products and also reported that they would consume more if it were easier to find in markets. Regarding the participants’ awareness, responses showed that participants viewed organic food as safe, free of pesticides, free of industrial additives and chemical waste, fresh with high nutritional value, and healthy by 44%, 45%, 46%, 43%, 44%, respectively. Lastly, females were more knowledgeable and aware of organic food information than male participants. Although the findings suggest that it is important to enlighten clients about the importance of consuming organic food, these results are subject to replication in different cities in the KSA. Concomitantly, there is a need for strategies to increase awareness among adults in all segments of society (for example, family, university, and community) about the nutritional aspects of organic food to promote healthy lifestyles and obtain the corresponding substantial health benefits. Key words: Organic Food, Knowledge, Attitudes, Awareness, Consumption, Food Choices, Health, Adults

The Effectiveness of Price Promotions in Purchasing Affordable Luxury Products: An Event-Related Potential Study.

Similar to traditional luxuries, affordable luxuries enjoy a high level of perceived product quality and perceived social status, but the effectiveness of price promotions of purchasing affordable luxury products is different from that of traditional luxuries. In order to further investigate the purchases of affordable luxuries, we used event-related potential (ERP) technology to reveal the formation of the purchase intention toward affordable luxuries at original prices (high or low) and current prices (discounted or non-discounted). Compared with the high-priced affordable luxury without a price promotion and the low-priced affordable luxury with a price promotion, consumers showed a stronger intention toward the high-priced affordable luxury with a price promotion, by weighing up three factors, perceived product quality, perceived social status, and perceived monetary saving at the behavioral level. A shorter reaction time emerged in the price promotion condition than in the absent price promotion condition when the original price was low. At the neural level, a decrease in N2 amplitude was found in the high original price and discounted current price condition than the high original price and non-discounted current price condition and the low original price and discounted current price condition, respectively, suggesting that the price information of the latter two conditions might not be the expectation information of subjects, and thus, the enhanced conflict is produced. The high-priced affordable luxury product without a price discount evoked a more positive LPP amplitude than the high-priced affordable luxury product with price promotions or than the low-priced affordable luxury item without price promotions, demonstrating that participants could regard the former as an evaluative inconsistent condition and the latter as evaluative consistent conditions. These results are helpful to better understand the effects of price promotions on purchasing affordable luxury products at different original prices.

Strategies to Promote Healthy Eating Among University Students: A Qualitative Study Using the Nominal Group Technique.

IntroductionThe years spent at university are critical in terms of altering people's dietary patterns. This study aimed to: (1) understand the main dietary changes that students experience after starting university; (2) determine the personal and objective factors that hinder healthy eating, and (3) define possible strategies to facilitate healthier diets among university students.MethodsThe nominal group technique (NGT) was used to elicit ideas from 39 students from the University of Parma, Italy. The sample comprised 16 freshmen and 23 non-freshmen. Participants prioritized and weighed their top five ideas regarding dietary changes, barriers to healthy eating, and possible strategies to maintain a healthy diet. A thematic analysis was conducted to compare the priorities across groups.ResultsForty-three themes were elected as the most significant changes related to diet, 39 themes related to personal barriers, 43 themes related to objective barriers, and 55 themes related to strategies. A lack of time for cooking, low financial availability, consumption of unvaried food or junk food, and gaining knowledge about food were identified as the main changes. Personal barriers to eating healthy were intrinsic (i.e., lack of willpower, personal gluttony, and little effort in cooking preparation), poor dietary information, and a busy lifestyle. Market and financial factors (i.e., the high price of healthy products and low financial availability), as well as social factors (i.e., the negative influence of social networks, childhood food education, and origin/tradition), emerged as objective barriers. Possible strategies that could encourage students to adopt a healthy diet include varying the food products offered in university canteens, including organizing spaces where students who prepare meals from home can warm up and eat their food. Student discounts at supermarkets and information on nutrition and a healthy diet were also identified as important ways of supporting students.Conclusion and Implication for PracticeIn order to make students part of the solution, the NGT provided them with the opportunity to equally contribute their ideas and opinions about having a healthy diet in a university context. This could potentially lead to tailor-made solutions for policymakers, educators, and foodservice providers in promoting healthy eating habits.

Hemp From Disordered Lines for New Staple Fibre Yarns and High-Performance Composite Applications

The use of natural fibre-reinforced plastics for higher-stressed applications is currently often limited by the high price of high-quality semi-finished products. Therefore, the present study deals with developing yarns from cost-effective hemp from a disordered separation process (total fibre line) for composite reinforcements. Composites were fabricated using a miniature pultrusion process with thermosetting matrices from the yarns. The results show that around 90% of the flexural strength and flexural modulus of identically produced flax composites could be achieved with maximum values of 282 MPa for the flexural strength and 23.4 GPa for the flexural modulus. The yarns were additionally used to manufacture quasi-unidirectional fabrics to produce composite laminates using different manufacturing processes. The highest values were obtained for a laminate with 39 vol% fibre content, produced with a resin injection process in an autoclave, achieving a tensile strength of 155 MPa, Young’s modulus of 19.4 GPa, a flexural strength of 174 MPa and bending modulus of 12.4 GPa. The characteristic values are sufficient to use the materials in applications with higher mechanical requirements.

The Importance of Product Cost Rationalization to achieve a Customer Satisfaction Applied research in the Electric Cables Plant / Ur State Company

The research aims at explaining the reasons for the high cost of production and the application of modern concepts in accounting costs and administrative, which came to remove loss and waste and rationalization of costs and improve operational performance and in response to changing conditions in the business environment. As a result of these variables and circumstances, the research problem was manifested in the high cost of manufacturing the products of Ur Company, which lost competitive precedence with other products in terms of price, quality and other specifications imported from various sources. In order to achieve the objective of the research and solve the problem was developed a basic hypothesis that the use and application of modern concepts lead to rationalize the cost of manufacturing products and improve activities and processes and create a market share in the local environment. divided of research into three topics The first topic reviewed the theoretical aspect of modern concepts and competitive priorities, including rationalization of costs and removal of loss and improve performance and address the negatives in traditional concepts and methods. Either the second topic dealt with how to rationalize the cost of some of the products of the electrification plant, either the third section, he concluded with a number of results, the most important of which was the high proportion of production costs, especially the proportion of direct wage costs to the total cost of manufactured goods (37%)Very high percentage and low competitive precedence prices of local products of the company compared to the prices of imported products, and the obsolete equipment and machines in the factory. This caused a significant increase in the cost of maintenance and backup tools. A significant reduction in actual production levels from the planned annual level of energy. It is also necessary to continuously seek to reduce the production

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Fenotipik Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Indigenous Asal Air Susu Ibu (ASI)

Currently the use of probiotic food is growing rapidly, especially in Indonesia along with the development of fermentation technology. Most of the probiotic isolates come from abroad which has an impact on the high price of probiotic food products. Mother's milk is one source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which serves to maintain the balance of the digestive tract microflora and enhance the immune system. Lactic acid bacteria as probiotics have the chance to live in the digestive tract if they come from the human body. Based on this matter, it is necessary to conduct research as an effort to obtain indigenous BAL isolates from ASI. This study aims to obtain local BAL isolates from ASI through phenotypic identification. Phenotypic identification includes the morphology of colonies and cells, Gram, catalase test, motility and spore formation and biochemical identification including test of the ability to grow at various growth temperatures, low pH, salt content and formation of CO2 from glucose. Based on biochemical identification results, out of 38 BAL isolates that were successfully identified biochemically consisted of several genera of BAL namely Lactobacillus (9 isolates), Pediococcus (3 isolates) and Weisella (20 isolates).

ЗАГОСТРЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ КРИЗИ У СИСТЕМІ СВІТОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ЯК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ВТОРГНЕННЯ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНУ

The paper considers the risks of the growth of the food crisis in the world economy in connection with the invasion of the troops of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Food security in the world economy system is a strategic goal that all countries of the world strive to achieve, as it is related to their national security. Production, distribution and consumption of food are the most important elements of the functioning of the world economic system. Problems in the functioning of the global agri-food system, in particular, high prices for agricultural products, unsatisfactory quality of material and technical means for agricultural production, negative socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, population growth, climate change, loss of biodiversity, etc. disrupt food security and cause existence of such a problem in the system of the world economy as the food crisis. To this day, the specified problem is one of the most serious problems that concern the world civilization and the countries of the world in the conditions of the growth of modern global threats. The invasion of the troops of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine has significantly shaken the state of food security in the world economy and contributes to the growth of the food crisis, since Ukraine and Russian Federation are key agricultural players in the global market, as well as major suppliers of major agricultural commodities including wheat, corn and sunflower oil, while Russia is the world’s largest exporter of fertilizer. Russia’s unjustified war against Ukraine has already caused irreparable losses, but there is a high probability of starvation for a large part of the country’s population due to prolonged military operations on the territory of Ukraine, as a number of regions are highly dependent on imports from Ukraine. The longer the Russian-Ukrainian war will last, the more real the danger of disruption or complete cessation of food supply becomes, not only within the borders of Ukraine and the region, but also throughout the world. If the war is not stopped and adequate measures are not taken, the consequences for the poorest sections of the population will be catastrophic.

Barijere održivog razvoja modne industrije - složenost lanca snabdevanja i raskorak između stavova i ponašanja potrošača

Sustainability has become the world's megatrend. Many companies are under pressure from governments and the public to implement sustainable business practices. Unlike the food industry, where demand for sustainable products is relatively easy to achieve because food directly affects the health of consumers, in the fashion industry this is not the case. The aim of the paper is to analyze barriers in the development of a sustainable fashion industry, including: the complexity of establishing a sustainable supply chain, unclear certification and labeling system, high prices of sustainable fashion products, the high growth rate of the fast fashion industry, low consumer awareness of the importance of sustainability in the fashion industry which leads to a gap between consumer attitudes and buying behavior, and low demand for sustainable fashion products. In addition, sustainable fashion is a contradictory term. The whole point of fashion is a change of styles from season to season, which in turn accelerates purchases. This is contrary to the concept of sustainable fashion, which implies a slowdown in consumption. Meta-analysis was used as the main research method in this paper to integrate the findings of many studies and direct prospective research.

Перспективы развития российского нефтесервиса в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике»

The article discusses the basic concepts and principles of clean (green) energy and the reasons for the transition of the global industrial industry to renewable energy sources. Decarbonization trend in the world economy is said to complicate the prospects of the Russian oilfield services, and the task is to determine the possibilities for its sustainable development. To achieve this goal, the current level and the prospects of green energy were analyzed, the problems associated with the transition to renewable energy sources were examined, various ways of the oil and gas business development have been identified. It is established that the current renewable energy sources contribution to the global energy balance is 5 %. However, the policy of economic stimulation for industry decarbonization, which is observed by the industrially developed countries, ensures doubling of the established renewable capacity every four years. The key problems arising from the transition to the renewable energy are revealed, with the main being storage, non-stop energy supply, and the high price of generation products. The paper focuses on the Russian energy industry features which are characterized with the extensive supply of the traditional cheap natural sources, including gas, oil, coal, hydro resources, nuclear power. The transition time to renewable energy is found to be at least 50 years when hydrocarbons remain to be the main source of energy generation. The prospects of sustainable development of the Russian oilfield services are as follows: integration of high technology and new innovation methods of searching, exploration, development, and exploitation of the hydro carbonated deposits; substitution of imported technologies and equipment with the domestic ones; government support of the industry and diversification towards decarbonization energy.

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The article is aimed to identify threats to national security due to the current state of the petroleum products market and factors that affect the cost of fuel in Ukraine during the war and will shape fuel prices in Ukraine and the whole world in the short and medium term. Such factors now are the almost complete absence of the domestic product on the market, the rupture of old logistics chains and problems with the development of new logistics routes for fuel supply from Europe, high world prices for oil and petroleum products, instability of the national currency and risks, associated with the war. It is estimated that the fair price for imported petrol and diesel fuel at the end of May ? beginning of June 2022 is 45 UAH in the western regions, and up to 50 UAH per liter in the eastern regions of Ukraine. Factors that will affect prices in the near future include the possible unblocking of Ukraine?s seaports, oil and petroleum products supplies from the United States, Central Asia and the Middle East, shale oil from the United States, increased market competition and increased demand as a result of the end of COVID-19 crisis. Ukrainian people should be ready to high prices of petroleum products in the near future and the Ukrainian state should prepare the system of national security and national defense for solving of the logistics problems with delivery of the petroleum products and potential social problems.

Retail Marketing in Rural India – Factors in Favour and Strategies

Retail industry now accounting for 10% of the country's GDP undergoes dynamic changes boosting its growth still further. The sector grows impressively leading to production of wide range of products and services. Rural markets provide great scope for marketers due to increased revenue and purchase power of the rural population in India. The rural income is expected to increase faster due to government policies supporting agriculture and the earning population that has temporarily moved out of rural villages to cities for employment in non-agricultural sectors. Technology in agriculture has helped to produce quality crops and the market is ready to give high prices for such products. Around 60% of the students in the colleges are first generation graduates who have moved out of their villages for tertiary education. Thus the life style, likes and preferences of the rural population keeps changing. However the huge rural segment is much different from that of the urban segment and the marketers need to approach with sustained efforts and special models. The highly fragmented rural segment's needs are majorly filled by unorganized family run Kirana stores and Maligai shops. The share of organised retail in the country has risen by 60% and the same is expected to have impact on the rural market as well. The paper focuses on the growth of retail market in India, the emerging factors in favour of rural retail and suggests strategies for rural retailing.

Comparative Analysis of the Effects of False Low-Price Marketing Strategy on Multiple Platforms

In order to make full use of the characteristics of commodity prices, merchants on e-commerce platforms have adopted the low-price marketing strategy. Regular promotional discounts can bring new vitality to the commodity sales market, but extreme discount marketing methods would lead to serious impacts on the sales of competing products, thus affecting the stable development of the online shopping market. The sales data of four electrical products using the false low-price marketing strategy on three e-commerce platforms (Taobao, JD, and Amazon) were used in this study. The sales data from different e-commerce platforms and different time periods were analyzed, and one-way ANOVA was used on the factors affecting the effect of marketing strategy. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the direct marketing of high-priced products and low-priced products on Taobao; the difference between the marketing effects of high-priced products and mid-priced products on JD and Amazon is significant. This analysis would help businesses formulate reasonable marketing strategies and promote the stable development of the online shopping market.

SUSTAINABLE MARKETING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Purpose- The purpose of the present study is to review the various sustainable activities related to the marketing and to investigate the effect of those sustainable marketing activities on people and environment. The other purpose of the study is to investigate the availability of the sustainable products and to study the consumers and marketer's behavior and perception towards it. Design/methodology/approach- The study is based on the 25 literature reviews from India, USA, France, Taiwan, Greece, New Zealand, Portugal, Malaysia, Europe, Italy, China and Brazil from the time period of 2017 to 2021. All the literature reviews were studied from online journals from different publishers. Findings- The study finds out that there is a lack of availability of sustainable products in the markets and marketers also charge high prices of sustainable products from the consumers.The study also reveals that there is no classification of sustainable products and normal products and it makes difficult for consumers to differentiate between sustainable and normal products.The findings of the study also reveal that sustainable marketing activities positively affect the people and environment of our society. Practical Implications-The findings of the study reveals that sustainable marketing is beneficial for consumers as well as for the marketers. The study also finds that advertising of green and sustainable products and activities with basic benefits positively affect the perception,behavior and intention to purchase or purchasing attitude of the consumers.