High Prevalence Of Periodontal Disease Research Articles

Oral health care and periodontal disease among schoolchildren in the Syrian Arab Republic

It has been observed that a strong inverse correlation exists between prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and the level of oral hygiene, where appropriate oral health behaviour and good knowledge in oral health have an important role in preventing such disease. A study was conducted among 360 children of 15 years of age in the Syrian Arab Republic. to assess the relation between oral health behaviour and periodontal disease. The results of the study revealed law cleanliness levels, poor knowledge and inappropriate behaviour in oral health and high prevalence of periodontal disease. Oral health education programmes and oral hygiene procedures should be oriented towards schoolchildren as early as possible

Interruption of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to concerns regarding dental visits was associated with periodontitis in Japanese office workers

ObjectiveTo investigate the interrelationships among concerns regarding dental visits, the status of regular dental visits, and periodontal health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.BackgroundContinuous oral health care and regular dental visits are important for maintaining periodontal health. Due to the possibility of contracting COVID‐19, individuals have been reluctant to visit medical institutions. It is unclear how the periodontal health of the Japanese population has been affected by the interruption of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and how concerns regarding dental visits have affected attendance at regular dental visits.MethodsThis study included 199 Japanese office workers in one municipal office at Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan (average age = 42.6 years; age range = 19–77 years; 123 men and 76 women). Periodontitis was defined based on a full‐mouth periodontal examination. The status of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and concerns regarding dental visits were obtained via questionnaire. We tested the hypothesis that concerns regarding dental visits would indirectly affect periodontal health through the interruption of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We used mediation analysis, in which concerns regarding dental visits (present or absent) were set as the exposure, periodontitis (present or absent) was set as the outcome, and the status of regular dental visits (continued during the COVID‐19 pandemic or not) was set as the mediator.ResultsOf the 199 study participants, 108 had a habit of attending regular dental visits. Of these, 31 (28.7%) discontinued regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Compared to the individuals who continued regular dental visits, those who discontinued regular dental visits had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (49.4% vs 77.4%, p < 0.05) and concerns regarding dental visits (22.1% vs 64.5%, p < 0.05). Discontinuing regular dental visits significantly mediated the association between concerns regarding dental visits and periodontitis (natural indirect effect: odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–2.79, proportion mediated = 64.3%).ConclusionThe study results showed that individuals who discontinued regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to concerns regarding dental visits had relatively poor periodontal health.

Increased risk of periodontitis occurrence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid.

Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infection of the periodontal supporting tissues. Clinical studies have reported that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a higher prevalence of PD. This study aimed to explore the correlation between RA and PD. A total of 307 RA patients (RA group) and 324 healthy individuals (control group) who received physical examinations during the same period were recruited to this study. The incidence of PD in the two groups was analyzed, and the periodontal disease index (PDI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Then, 42 RA patients with PD and 56 control group patients with PD were selected for further analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the two groups. For patients with both RA and PD, the level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the duration of morning stiffness were also recorded. The prevalence of PD in the RA group (51.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (31.2%), and the prevalence of PD also increased notably with the increase of age and the duration of the disease in RA patients. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the PDI and the GCF in the concurrent RA and PD group were significantly higher than those in the PD group (P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that TNF-α in the GCF positively correlated with the BOP of patients with RA and PD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of TNF-α in the GCF and serum CRP were independent influencing factors of the level of IL-1β in the GCF (the r values were 1.074 and 3.851, respectively; P<0.01). The presence of RA can increase risk of PD occurrence and is positively correlated with the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the GCF.

Periodontal status, quality of life and newborns' health of pregnant women with arterial hypertension: A cohort study

This study aimed to evaluate, both during pregnancy and after delivery, the periodontal status and quality of life of women with gestational hypertension (GH). Secondarily, understanding the relationship between these outcomes and newborns’ health. The sample was divided into GH (G1 = 26) and without GH (G2 = 26) and evaluated regarding: a) contextual variables, b) systemic and periodontal status; and c) newborns’ health. ANOVA, Friedman, Cochran’s Q test, chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression were conducted (P &lt; 0.05). A higher prevalence of women in G1 was diagnosed with pre-pregnancy obesity (P &lt; 0.001). A higher prevalence of periodontitis was found in women in G1 in both periods (P &lt; 0.001). The logistic model revealed that high maternal BMI (adjusted OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.10–1.47; P = 0.001) was associated with the presence of periodontitis. In both periods, G1 showed worse parameters related to physical pain and disability (P &lt; 0.001), psychological discomfort and disability (P &lt; 0.001). The logistic model revealed that periodontitis (adjusted OR = 11.64; 95% CI = 1.18–114.85; P = 0.036) was associated with a low quality of life. The groups did not show significant differences in the infants’ birth data. GH is associated with obesity and, together, seem to be associated with worsened periodontal parameters and, consequently, negative women’s quality of life. Children born to women with GH did not show any health impairment at birth.

Evaluation of periodontal condition in individuals with down syndrome: a case-control study

Ogival palate, macroglossia, anodontia, cleft tongue, delayed tooth eruption, low prevalence of caries and high prevalence of periodontal disease are the main oral manifestations of Down syndrome. The aim of the present observational study was to evaluate the periodontal condition in individuals with Down syndrome. The study included 30 individuals who were selected according to the age group to be studied, between 17 and 25 years old, in a local institution for the care of Down syndrome (DG) patients and 30 individuals who made up the control group and who did not have Down syndrome (CG), periodontal parameters were observed in both groups that were adjusted for habits. The results showed for the Plaque Index 41.2% of the individuals in the DS group while in the CG group in 45.5% without statistical difference. For the Gingival Index, it was observed that 39.7% in the DS group and in the CG group 44.2% without statistical difference between the groups (p &lt;0.05). Family and institutional participation collaborates in the daily control of dental biofilm. In the present study, individuals in the DG group presented periodontal clinical parameters compatible with periodontal health and when compared to healthy individuals, they did not present clinical differences.

Gingival recession and attachment loss: Cross-sectional and retrospective data of 10 years.

Background Gingival recession is a manifestation of the presence of periodontitis and the expression of its characteristics for a long time in the patient’s oral cavity. Loss of attachment and its association with gingival recession affect the prosthetic value of the tooth as they significantly change the center of axial rotation of the tooth. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between gingival recession and attachment loss. Methods Data on gingival recession and loss of attachment were collected in two groups of patients. In the first group (n=34), cross-sectional data were collected; in the second group (n=64), previously collected data over 10 years were evaluated. Results Gingival recession was the most prevalent in the age group of 20-30 age group in 56% of the patients. The same values held for the retrograde data. An attachment loss of 4-6 mm was reported in 26% of the patients in the 31-50 age group in the cross-sectional data group, and 7 mm of gingival recession was reported in 3% of the patients in the 31-50 age group. Conclusion The high prevalence of periodontitis at a young age indicates a poor prognosis of this disease at older ages. Gingival recession associated with attachment loss for patients with chronic periodontitis has higher values at the 31-50 age group, where systemic conditions are gradually developing in the human body.

Alcohol use disorders are associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis in a rural area of Brazil.

The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine whether alcohol use disorders (AUD) are independently associated with severe and extent cases of periodontitis in individuals living in a rural area of Brazil. A representative probability sample (N=585) was evaluated using six-site full-mouth periodontal examination. AUD was assessed using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and considered in its unidimensional and bidimensional factor structures. The first address hazardous alcohol consumption [HAC (overall scores≥8)], and the second deals with two distinct constructs, harmful use [HU (items 1-3scores≥4 for men or ≥3 for women)], and alcohol-related consequences [ARC (items 4-10scores ≥1)]. Periodontal outcomes were defined based on the criteria proposed by the CDC-AAP (2012) and an adaptation of the EFP-AAP (2018) definition of generalized stages III or IV periodontitis (GP). Adjusted multilevel multinomial and binary logistic regression analysis were used with a conceptual hierarchical approach to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of periodontal outcomes. In the adjusted model, HU (OR=2.69; 95% CI: 1.29-5.58) and ARC (OR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.51-9.51) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (SP). Higher occurrence of GP was detected in individuals presenting HAC (OR=1.88; 95% CI: 1.05-3.37) and ARC (OR=2.90; 95% CI: 1.61-5.24). AUD was independently associated with higher prevalence of SP and GP in individuals living in a rural area.

Long-term periodontal changes associated with oral appliance treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

To characterize the mandibular anterior teeth crown height as a marker of periodontal changes and bone loss as a side effect of an oral appliance worn for a minimum of 4.5 years. This retrospective study conducted in patients with healthy baseline periodontium recruited participants among consecutive sleep apnea patients treated with an oral appliance between 2004 to 2014. Eligible participants were recalled for a follow-up visit at which a periodontal examination was performed and a lateral cephalogram and dental impressions were obtained. Clinical crown height for mandibular anterior teeth and cephalometric variables were measured and compared before and after treatment. A full periodontal evaluation was performed at the follow-up visit. Twenty-one patients enrolled with a mean treatment length of 7.9 ± 3.3 years. For the mandibular anterior teeth, clinical crown height did not change over the evaluated period. At follow-up, all the periodontal assessed variables were within normal limits, with the mean probing depth of 1.4 ± 0.5 mm, recession 0.6 ± 1.1 mm, and clinical attachment loss 0.8 ± 1.0 mm. Compared with baseline, there was a significant proclination of mandibular incisors (mean increase of 5.1 degrees) with the continued use of an oral appliance. Gingival levels were maintained with clinically insignificant changes during the observation period. Inclination of the mandibular incisors increases significantly with the use of an oral appliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Positional changes in these teeth were not associated with any measured evidence of increase in clinical crown height or gingival recession. Heda P, Alalola B, Almeida FR, Kim H, Peres BU, Pliska BT. Long-term periodontal changes associated with oral appliance treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(10):2067-2074.

Захворюваність населення України запальними захворюваннями пародонта, прогнозування та профілактика патологій в сучасних умовах

The purpose of the study. The article reflects the issues of the incidence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in the population of Ukraine, methods for predicting exacerbations of diseases for the timely conduct of secondary prevention. It has been established that the high prevalence of periodontal diseases among different groups of the population makes this problem one of the most important problems of modern dentistry. According to WHO experts, 80% of schoolchildren in different countries have periodontal pathology, and among adults it occurs in almost 100% of cases. Modern periodontal prophylaxis should be carried out on the basis of clinical examination of patients. Periodontal prophylaxis should be based on taking into account the identified etiological factors of the disease. Predicting the incidence of periodontitis and predicting the course of the disease is one of the most important problems of periodontology today. Solving forecasting problems in clinical, experimental and preventive medicine is one of the most difficult areas of the activity of doctors of various profiles. Materials and methods. In order to form a risk group, the occurrence of an exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal diseases for the timely implementation of secondary prevention of pathology, an algorithm for the probability of diseases and a mathematical model for predicting the course of the disease were developed. The use of this method made it possible to select 9 signs out of 42 that most significantly affect the prognosis of exacerbation in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Results and discussion. Based on the curves of the dependence of the frequency of the occurrence of exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal diseases on the magnitude of the risk of exacerbation of this pathology, 3 degrees of prognosis probability were determined: low, medium, high. The use of the method of stepwise discriminant analysis made it possible to develop a system for predicting the possibility of an exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal disease and to scientifically substantiate the principles of identifying risk groups for the possibility of exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal diseases in this group of examination. For patients with a risk of exacerbation, dynamic observation was established for one year, before the beginning of which they were divided into 2 groups – the study and control. Patients in the study group underwent preventive treatment, which included the appointment of an appropriate diet, work and rest regimen, correction of the state of the immune system using immunomodulatory drugs, treatment of concomitant diseases and local treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Patients in the control group underwent conventional prophylaxis, which included adherence to general rules: a rational regimen, a balanced diet, rational oral hygiene, and basic sanitary and educational work. Conclusion. As shown by the results of dynamic observation, among patients of the study group, exacerbation of the disease was observed in 14.3% of cases, in patients of the control group – in 42.5%, which corresponded to the likelihood of an exacerbation of the disease by 94.5%

Periodontal status in children with primary immunodeficiencies.

This study aimed to assess associations between neutrophil-related primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and the presence of periodontal disease and other oral diseases and response to periodontal treatment. Presence of neutrophil-related PIDs is thought to be a major risk factor for development of periodontitis. This study had both a cross-sectional and cohort design. Twenty-four children (age 4-16) with PIDs and 24 age-matched systemically healthy subjects received a dental clinical examination, including measures of probing pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Those found to be affected by periodontal disease were offered periodontal treatment and reassessed 6months later. Diagnosis of PIDs was associated with increased odds of presence of periodontal disease (p=.008 adjusted for age, gender, plaque, OR=10.0, 95% CI=1.83-54.38) and with continuous measures of periodontal disease such as number of PPDs >4mm, mean PPD and mean CAL (all p<.001) and BOP (p=.001). However, only 7 out of 24 children were diagnosed with periodontitis. PIDs were also associated with a history of oral ulcers (p=.001, OR 12.47, 95% CI 2.71-57.29). An improvement in periodontal parameters (PPD and CAL) was detected following oral hygiene instructions and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Although children affected by neutrophil-associated PIDs exhibited a higher prevalence of periodontal disease compared with systemically healthy children, severe periodontitis was rarely seen. This suggests that good systemic control of the PIDs may reduce their impact on the periodontium.

Is YoutubeTM an accurate source of patient-information for awareness about periodontal diseases?

Objectives: Oral hygiene education and patient awareness are crucial for prevention and the sustainability of its treatment because of high prevalence of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate YouTube videos related to periodontal diseases and assess them comprehensively, reliability, and quality for non-professional internet users.Methods: YouTube search was performed using the three keywords: ‘periodontal disease’, ‘gingival disease,’ and ‘gum disease’. Video lengths, duration, numbers of total views, likes, dislikes, comments values were recorded. The interaction index, viewing rates and video power index (VPI) were calculated. Comprehensiveness tailor-made index was assessed for content, Global Quality Scale (GQS), and DISCERN scales were used for reliability and quality of videos.Results: A total of 210 videos were evaluated, and 79 videos were included in the study. While 69 of the videos are useful videos, 9 of them have misleading video content. VPI values were found 2.88±0.67 for useful videos and 1.78±0.66 for misleading videos. The mean GQS value of the videos has seen as 2.76±0.7. According to the DISCERN score, 41.8% of the videos show poor quality. The number of videos with comprehensiveness value (2) score is 44 and the number of videos (1) score is 35.Conclusions: YouTube videos may be used as an education source about periodontal disease for non-professional users; however, videos need to be improved in terms of content and quality. These and similar publications may be supported for the optimization of videos to be shared on YouTube with periodontal disease and oral hygiene education.

The prevalence of patients with rheumatic diseases and its periodontal condition: data from a population-based study in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

Introduction Periodontitis is a major condition associated with rheumatic diseases (RDs) [1] and some studies have clarified the effect of the oral microbiome in RDs [2,3]. However, due to the lack of information this observational study aimed to describe the periodontal status of RDs in a sample of patients from a population-based epidemiologic survey carried out in the southern Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Materials and Methods From December 2018 to April 2019, a total of 1064 patients, from public health centres of Almada-Seixal Group of Centres, were randomly enrolled in the study. RDs were assessed through a medical history and medication questionnaire. Periodontitis and Gingivitis were circumferentially evaluated according to the 2018 World Case Definitions [4,5] by two calibrated examiners (J.B. and V.M). This study was approved by the ARSLVT Ethics Committee (3525 & 8696/CES/2018). Results Overall, the prevalence of rheumatic conditions was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.8–3.8%) (n = 30). Individual RD prevalence distribution in the study group were as follows: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 23.3% (n = 7), fibromyalgia (FM) 36.7% (n = 11), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 10.0% (n = 3), arthritis (ART) 13.3% (n = 4), gout 3.3% (n = 1), systemic scleroderma 3.3% (n = 1), FM + osteoarthritis (OA) 3.3% (n = 1), FM + SLE 3.3% (n = 1), FME + OA + ART 3.3% (n = 1). The prevalence of periodontitis among RD patients was 60% (n = 18), with 13.3% (n = 4), 16.7% (n = 5) and 26.7% (n = 8) of mild, moderate and severe stages, respectively. Gingivitis cases were residual, 3.3% (n = 1). The average missing teeth were 10.7 (±6.8) and the mean percentage of probing depth ≥4 mm was 5.7% (±10.9%). Discussion and conclusions Despite the low incidence of RDs, these results reveal a considerable high prevalence of periodontitis and gingivitis among those patients. Also, the average number of missing teeth is worrisome. These findings unveil a very disturbing high burden of periodontitis in this sample of Portuguese rheumatic patients and roots basis for future public health measures implementation.

Combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, combined product use, and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional JASTIS study.

Combustible cigarettes have detrimental effects on periodontal disease. However, little evidence is available regarding new heated tobacco product (HTP) use and combined product use (both combustible cigarettes and HTPs). This study aimed to examine the association of combustible cigarettes, HTPs, and combined product use with periodontal disease simultaneously. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 arm of the longitudinal Japan "Society and New Tobacco" Internet Survey. Combustible cigarette users, HTP users, combined product users, never-users, and former users' data were separately obtained. In the present study, the primary outcome was self-reported periodontal disease. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis after adjusting for 12 confounders. Of the 10,439 JASTIS respondents, the numbers of users of combustible cigarettes only, HTPs only, and both products were 1,304, 437, and 1,049, respectively. Compared with never-users, HTP use was significantly associated with the prevalence of self-reported periodontal diseases (PR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03-1.62). Moreover, former users, combustible cigarette users, and combined product users also showed significant associations (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35-1.80; PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.62; and PR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20-1.99, respectively). Users of HTPs, combustible cigarettes, and combined products as well as former users were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases compared to never-users.

Teleodontología para prevenir la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes geriátricos durante la pandemia de COVID-19

When patients reach an advanced age, they usually present a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases, so the dental treatment they receive will be a fundamental factor in maintaining their oral health (1,2).

The effects of oral health education regarding periodontal health on non-dental undergraduates in southwestern China\u2014exploring the feasibility of an e-learning course for oral health promotion

BackgroundThe high prevalence of periodontal diseases is an important oral health problem worldwide. It is necessary to increase public knowledge on and influence attitudes towards periodontal diseases in order to prevent them. However, the effect of oral health education (OHE) as a primary preventive method in China is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of extending an e-learning course regarding periodontal health by comparing the effects of oral health education regarding periodontal health (OHE-PH) on dental and non-dental students and the effects between a traditional course and an e-learning course among non-dental students at Sichuan University.MethodsA quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and a post-test was performed. A total of 217 dental students and 134 non-dental students attended a traditional course; 69 non-dental students attended an e-learning course. Before- and after-course questionnaires about periodontal health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours were administered.ResultsAfter the traditional/e-learning course, the knowledge of both dental and non-dental students about periodontal diseases and self-reported behaviours for gingival bleeding and oral care improved. The non-dental students reached or surpassed the level of dental students before the course. The non-dental students taking the e-learning course performed better in some areas than those taking the traditional course.ConclusionsOHE-PH was effective for dental and non-dental students. The e-learning course on OHE-PH was sufficient for improving knowledge and self-reported behaviours among non-dental undergraduates and was even better than the traditional course in some areas. The e-learning course may be an effective method for periodontal health education and oral health promotion among undergraduates.

Characteristics of Periodontal Tissues in Prosthetic Treatment with Fixed Dental Prostheses.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various types of fixed prostheses on periodontal tissues and explore the association of gingival biotype and gum recession in relation to prosthesis types. The study participants (N = 95) were divided into three groups based on the type of dental prosthesis: Group-I: cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) ceramic prosthesis fabricated by the conventional method (n = 35); Group-II: consisted of patients with Co-Cr ceramic prostheses fabricated by a computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique (n = 30); and Group-III: zirconia-based prostheses fabricated by the CAD/CAM technique (n = 30). Following the use of prostheses, periodontal examinations were performed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Modified Approximal Plaque Index (MAPI). In addition, the gingival biotype was examined using a probe transparency method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20 (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA), was used to analyze the results, and the significance level was set at p = 0.05. It showed the MAPI results after the use of prosthetic rehabilitation for 12 months of periodontitis in 87.9% ± 15.4 of patients in Group-I, in 80.6% ± 17.97 in those in Group-II, and in 62.5% ± 21.4 in those in Group-III (p < 0.01). The CPI index results indicated a high prevalence of periodontal disease in all groups. The number of people with healthy periodontium constituted 17.1% of patients in Group-I, 24.2% in Group-II, and 37.1% in Group-III. Our study concluded that prosthetic treatment with periodontal diseases showed better outcomes while using dental prostheses fabricated by the CAD/CAM technique compared to the conventionally fabricated dental prostheses. The thin gingival biotype is more often associated with gingival recession than the thick biotype.

INFLUENCE OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON PRETERM BIRTH: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS

Background: Preterm birth is considered as the main cause neonatal mortality and morbidity[1]. The rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born in different countries[2].However, prevent, predict and delay this health condition is almost unsuccessful[2]. Millions of babies are born preterm and this number is rising[2]. Infectious diseases and local and systematic inflammation is most contributing factor to multifactorial etiology of this health condition[3]. The pregnant women are more susceptible to periodontal disease as it is the most prevalent chronic infectious disease in adult population[4]. There are 57 health condition related to periodontitis[5].The physical and hormonal alternation make the pregnant women more vulnerable to the periodontal disease. Relatively high prevalence of periodontitis during pregnancy found in different population, especially socio-economically disadvantaged women[4]. Periodontitis found to be a risk indicator for preterm birth outcome[6].Clinical trails were conducted to assess the effect of periodontal treatment during pregnancy on reducing these outcomes[7-25]. Objective: To assess the effect of different periodontal interventions during pregnancy on preterm birth outcome. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines[26], searching Cochrane Library, Pubmed and Embase databases up to 10 December, 2020. PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes, study design) framework was used as a search strategy tool. Intervention include scaling and root planning (SRP), Control oral hygiene instructions (OHI), Inclusion criteria were studied in pregnant women, including randomized controlled trials with the aim of assessing the effect of any periodontal treatments on preterm birth outcomes. Main outcome was perform birth(&lt;37 gestational week). The data were extracted from two authors and statistical analyses carried out using Review Manager (RevMan).

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Police Personnel in Karachi

Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Loss of teeth reduces the quality of life. Periodontal diseases constitute the major cause of tooth extraction in adults. A high prevalence of periodontal diseases among adults with considerable disparities between populations has been reported. Many studies have been reported in the literature depicting the periodontal status and treatment needs of different populations. This study aimed to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of police personnel in Sindh Police, Pakistan. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 174 police personnel from the Special Security Unit (SSU) of Sindh Police in Karachi were examined clinically and evaluated using the WHO 2013 Oral Health Assessment Form. Consent was obtained from the concerned authorities. Results: -The study showed that 43.1% (n=75) periodontal status as healthy, 35% (n=61) reported gingivitis and periodontitis and 21.8% (n=38) reported moderate to severe periodontitis. The significant difference found in the periodontal health among males (X2=71.18, P&lt;0.001) and females (X2=9.90, P&lt;0.009). More than 83.3% were suffering from Dental caries. The majority of the examined participants needed prompt treatment which included scaling and tooth restorations. Conclusion: Periodontal and oral health status among the police personnel was noted to be most compromised and there is an immense need to conduct oral health awareness sessions as a mandatory part not only in their training period but should be employed in their daily routine.

Oral Health Status Among Adults With and Without Prior Active Duty Service in the U.S. Armed Forces, NHANES 2011-2014.

Many veterans qualify for health benefits but generally not dental care. This study examines differences in oral health status between veterans and nonveterans in the U.S. to determine how various factors, including socioeconomic, general health, and tobacco use, impact former service members' oral health. Data from 11,539 dentate adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014) were used. Outcome variables included decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), caries experience (DMFT), and periodontitis (PD). Covariates included demographic and socioeconomic factors, deployment, smoking, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess associations between these factors and oral health outcomes. Veterans represent about 9% of the U.S. population. There was a higher prevalence of PD, MT, FT, and DMFT among veterans than nonveterans. Veterans were more likely to have PD (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.5) and higher DMFT (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.4); however, after controlling for other covariates, military service was only associated with FT (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6) and higher DMFT (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9). Because veterans are more likely to originate from groups at a higher risk for poor oral health (older adults, smokers, males, diabetics), the prevalence of adverse oral health conditions are higher among veterans compared to nonveterans. Overall, military service is not associated with PD or untreated dental caries but is associated with indicators suggesting veterans have had more dental treatment (FT and DMFT). There is substantial unmet oral health care need primarily related to periodontitis among veterans.

Systemic Condition, Periodontal Status, and Quality of Life in Obese Women During Pregnancy and After Delivery

ObjectiveTo evaluate the systemic condition, periodontal status, and quality of life of obese women during pregnancy and after delivery. MethodsThis prospective cohort consisted of 60 women examined in the third trimester of pregnancy (32nd-36th gestational week [T1]) and after delivery (T2) and were divided into elevated body mass index (BMI; GO = 30) and normal BMI (GN = 30) according to the World Health Organization. The variables assessed were: (1) gestational weight gain, arterial hypertension (AH), and diabetes mellitus; (2) oral hygiene behaviour (frequency of dental floss using and toothbrushing); (3) probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and dental biofilm; and (4) quality of life (Oral Health Impact Project [OHIP]-14). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Friedman, Cochran's Q and χ2 tests, and logistic regression model were adopted (P < .05). ResultsGO showed a higher frequency of AH in T1 (P < .001). Both groups decreased the frequency of dental floss use (P = .013) and toothbrushing (P < .001) and increased the percentage of dental biofilm in T2 (P < .001). GO presented a greater PPD and CAL in T1 and T2 and higher BOP in T1 (P < .001), demonstrating a negative impact in the following dimensions of Oral Health Impact Project-14 during T1 functional limitation (P = .020), physical disability (P = .020), and handicap (P = .021). ConclusionObese women presented higher prevalence of AH during pregnancy and higher prevalence of periodontitis in both periods. They showed a poor quality of life in T1 regarding functional limitation, physical disability, and handicap.