High Prevalence Of Overweight Research Articles

Duration and Content Type of Smartphone Use in Relation to Diet and Adiposity in 53,133 Adolescents

ObjectivesAlthough studies suggested that smartphone addiction increases the risk of obesity, it is unknown whether the duration and content type of smartphone use are independently associated with obesity and obesogenic dietary patterns. MethodsUsing a nationally representative sample of 53,133 Korean adolescents (age 12–18 years) in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis examining the associations of duration and content type of smartphone use with dietary factors and prevalence of overweight. Duration and content type of smartphone use, dietary intakes, weight, and height were self-reported via online-based questionnaire. Overweight was defined as BMI-for-age ≥85th percentile based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts. Multivariable logistic regression was performed on 8 individual dietary factors (≥5 d/wk skipping breakfast, ≥7 times/wk fruits, ≥3 times/d vegetables, ≥3 times/wk fast-food, ramen, chips, soda, sugar-sweetened beverage) and the prevalence of overweight to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls). All analyses accounted for complex survey sampling and adjusted for potential confounders. ResultsWith adjustment for content type of smartphone use, longer duration of smartphone use (≥5 vs. <2 h/d) was significantly associated with higher frequency of skipping breakfast (OR [CI]: 1.83 [1.72, 1.94]), higher intakes of fast-food (2.14 [1.98, 2.30]), ramen (2.12[1.98, 2.27]), chips (1.43 [1.34, 1.52]), soda (2.34 [2.19, 2.50]), sugar-sweetened beverage (1.88 [1.78, 1.99]), lower intakes of fruits (0.61 [0.57, 0.65]) and vegetables (0.69 [0.64, 0.75]), and higher prevalence of overweight (1.23 [1.15, 1.31]) (all p-trend < 0.001). Compared with using smartphone for information search/retrieval, using messenger, game, entertainment, and SNS were significantly associated with higher intakes of soda and sugar-sweetened beverage, adjusting for duration of smartphone use (all P < 0.05). Game, entertainment, and comics/fiction (vs. information search/retrieval) were associated with higher prevalence of overweight (all P < 0.001). ConclusionsOur data suggest the duration and content type of smartphone use are independently associated with obesogenic dietary patterns and the prevalence of overweight in a dose-response manner. Funding SourcesNRF Korea.

Weight status and body composition analysis among Polish boys with autism spectrum disorders

Currently, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are one of the main health care problems in both Poland and in other countries. There are limited studies on the physical growth and body composition among children and adolescents with ASD. Several studies have indicated that the prevalence of unhealthy weight is high among autistic patients. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity of Polish boys with ASD and to analyse body composition. &#x0D; A cross-sectional study was performed on 29 Polish boys aged 3–11 with autism. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to evaluate body composition. The percentile values and z-scores for body height, body weight and BMI were calculated. The CDC cut–points were used to determine weight status. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. &#x0D; 16.1% autistic boys had z-scores for body weight above two standard deviations, 12.9% had z-scores for body height above two standard deviations and z-scores for BMI above two standard deviations were found in 19.4% of the boys. 13.8% of autistic boys were underweight, 48.3% had healthy weight, 20.7% were overweight, and 17.2% were obese. The mean value of body fat percentage was 18.46%, and 16.1% of the boys with ASD had higher than normal fat tissue. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish boys with autism.

English

BACKGROUND Obesity is being designated as a global epidemic by the world health organisation. The problem of obesity is confined not only to adults but also to children and adolescents. Various studies also indicate that the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst children of all ages is increasing in developing countries in the past few decades. The present study was undertaken to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents 13 to 17 years of age in urban wards under Government Medical College Health Unit, Thiruvananthapuram. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 1100 selected through multistage random sampling was conducted. Physical measurements as well as data regarding sociodemographic variables, dietary behaviour, physical activity, perception of body weight, and awareness regarding overweight and obesity were obtained using a pretested semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done, followed by bivariate and multivariate analysis to find out the major determinants of overweight and obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight among adolescents aged 13 - 17 years attending schools under the medical college health unit area was found to be 11.3 % and that of obesity was 3.5 %. Girls had a slightly higher prevalence of overweight (12.3 %) as compared to boys (10.2 %) in the same age group of 13 - 17 years. Prevalence of overweight / obesity is found to be significantly associated with higher socioeconomic status, increased time spent on TV (more than 8 hours a week), increased intake of fatty foods like fish fry and chicken, family history of overweight, and mode of conveyance to school using motor vehicles. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase even after improving our schools with more playtime periods and giving health education on healthy eating practices. Balancing interventions are of utmost necessity. There is an equal proportion of students who are underweight especially in the schools of government sector.

The association between frequency of eating out with overweight and obesity among children aged 6\u201317 in China: a National Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundIn parallel with the increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, the proportion of eating out in China has increased dramatically in recent years. The purpose of the study was to explore the association between frequency of eating out with overweight and obesity among Chinese children.MethodsThe representative sample was recruited from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in 2010–2012, which included Chinese children aged 6–17 years (7685 boys and 7576 girls). Frequency of eating out was collected by interview-administered questionnaire and categorized as: 0, 1–2 and ≥ 3 times per week. Height and weight were measured, consequently body mass index was calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of eating out among Chinese children aged 6–17 years old was 23.2%. Children who ate out 0, 1–2, ≥3 times per week were accounted for 76.8, 10.9 and 12.3% respectively. Findings revealed that eating out three times per week or more was statistically significant associated with higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys (OR = 1.20,95CI:1.04–1.38) compared with those ate out less than three times per week. However, no significantly association was observed among girls (OR = 0.91, 95CI:0.78–1.01). In additional, Younger children, rural children, children from low income family, those with leisure exercises (certain physical activities regularly carried out such as swimming, walking, running, equipment fitness), leisure time sedentary behaviors (LTSB)(> 2 h/d) were relatively more likely to eat out.ConclusionsThe results illustrated that eating out three times or more had a significantly positive effect on overweight and obesity among boys in China.

Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity in School-Aged Children in the Urban Area of the Northwestern Part of Romania.

Introduction: During the last three decades, there has been an excess weight epidemic due to changes in nutrition and lifestyle. Few data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in Romania were published, without a single study representative at the national level. There are reports on the higher level of overweight and obesity in urban areas compared to rural ones. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and severe obesity in children enrolled in schools from the urban area. Material and methods: For this cross-sectional study, children from 177 schools from the urban area of five counties from the northwestern part of Romania were included after the parents signed written informed consent. Anthropometric data were recorded (weight, height) based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and Body-Mass-Index (BMI), and the z-score for BMI were calculated. The nutritional status was estimated using three reference criteria: WHO, International Obesity Task Force (IOTC) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: We analyzed data of 21,650 children (48.19% boys) age between 7 and 18 years. The prevalence of overweight was 13.8%, 16.2% and 20.3%, of obesity was 10.7%, 10.0% and 5.7% and of severe obesity was 5.1%, 1.2% and 1.6% (using WHO, CDC and IOTF cut-offs). Underweight was present in 5.2% (WHO), 6% (CDC) and 2.6% (IOTF). The highest prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was found in children aged 10 years, and the lowest in adolescents at 18 years. Boys have a higher prevalence of excess weight than girls. Using IOTF cut-offs, the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity was lower than using WHO criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in children from the urban area of Western Romania was recorded at alarming levels, higher in boys and at the pre-puberty ages. There are significant differences based on the reference system used. It is important to correctly choose the reference for the definition of overweight and obesity to have the correct estimation of the target for public health measures.

Prevalence of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Primary Care Observations on Birth Cohorts 2002-2011

Objectives: The study evaluates the trend over time of overweight and obesity in children of the province of Trento subjected to the health check of the sixth year of age. Study Design: It is a retrospective observational study of all children subjected to the health check of the sixth year of age in Trento province, North East Italy. Ten birth cohorts have been considered 2009-2018. The data was collected through paper forms filled in by family pediatricians. The collective national agreement for family pediatrics allows carrying out the health check of six years with a tolerance of ± 90 days from the 6th birthday. Weight status was analyzed and categorized using the Body Mass Index (BMI) threshold values established by Cole et al., as recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The percentages of overweight and obesity, with 95% confidence intervals, were computed at 6 years for each birth cohort, considering sex and the time of the assessment: before the 6th birthday, exactly at the 6th birthday and after the 6th birthday. We also compute, based on the data of the birth cohorts 2009-2011, the percentages of overweight and obesity, according the territorial area of residence of the children, the individual pediatrician and the citizenship (child with mother with foreign nationality vs. child with Italian mother). Results: A total of 27,039 (51,6 % males) children were analysed. In males, the average proportions of overweight or obese subjects in all the cohorts under study are respectively 10.4% (CI 95% 10.1- 10.7) and 4.9% (CI 95% 4.7- 5.1). In Females, the corresponding values are 13.5% (CI 95% 13.1-13.9) and 5.7%, (CI 95% 5.2-6.1). The proportions of overweight or obese subjects, calculated in relation to the chronological moment in which the health check of the 6th was carried out show no statistically significant differences, as well as in relation to territorial area of residence of children. There is a wide variability in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in individual family pediatricians. In part, the different proportion of foreign children registered with individual pediatrician can explain this wide variability. Data relating to the birth cohorts 2009-2011 confirm a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in foreign children. Socio-cultural factors can explain this fact, especially in reference to second-generation immigrants. Conclusions: The surveillance system based on family pediatricians can integrate with the national surveillance system “OKkio alla SALUTE” with the second oriented towards the general population and the first oriented towards individual “case” children, providing a possible tool for identifying and taking charge of children with overweight/obesity.

Assessment of Feeding Habits and Nutritional Status of Infants Admitted in Kumba Hospitals (South-West Region, Cameroon)

Aims: Malnutrition remains an issue of public health concern in Cameroon. Optimal infant feeding habits and maternal risk factors influence the prevalence of malnutrition. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of feeding habits and risk factors on the nutritional status of infants in Kumba hospitals.&#x0D; Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 3 months at the Maternal and Child Protection (PMI) and Kumba District hospitals.&#x0D; Methodology: The age of the children were recorded from their immunization cards. The measurements of length and weight of children were recorded. Questionnaires were administered through simple random sampling to care givers of 227 infants at the welfare clinics from which information on feeding habits, anthropometric parameters and socio-demographic status was obtained. The Z-score classifications for malnutrition was used to estimate the deterioration in weight and height of children in reference to the children of same age and sex.&#x0D; Results: There was a low prevalence (14%) of exclusive breast feeding. A high prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding within the first hour of birth at 85% was observed. Early introduction to energy dense complementary food at 67.2% was observed in infants between 0-5 months accounting for the high prevalence of overweight, and possible risk obesity. Furthermore, it was found that 17% of children were stunted, 14.60% were wasted, and 11.70% were underweight. Among them, stunting was highest in children 0-3 months who were on breast milk. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between marital status and stunting (P&lt;0.05), and underweight and unemployment (P&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed that exclusive breast feeding from 0 to 6 months was poorly practiced. Thus leading to a high prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity among admitted children in Kumba hospitals. This was also found to be linked to malnutrition, marital and professional status.

Overweight in Swedish show dogs\u2013prevalence and association with performance in competition

BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in companion dogs, but little is known of these conditions in show dogs. This study assessed body condition score (BCS) of show dogs of six selected popular breeds at a major Swedish dog show event and examined the association between BCS and performance in competition.ResultsAt one of Sweden’s largest dog shows, BCS of 120 dogs of six different breeds was assessed by trained animal healthcare personnel, using a 9-point BCS scale with conditional cut-off for overweight set to BCS ≥ 6. Prevalence of overweight in the cohort was 32% but all overweight dogs except one displayed only slight overweight (BCS 6) and no dog was assessed as obese (BCS 8–9). Prevalence of overweight differed significantly between breeds (P < 0.0001) with Labrador retrievers, Golden retrievers and French bulldogs showing the highest mean BCS (5.6–5.7) and highest prevalence of overweight (50–67%). Lean and overweight dogs received awards and higher show awards (certificates) to the same extent, and no significant association between slight overweight and performance in competition was found.ConclusionsPrevalence of overweight in Swedish show dogs was relatively high and in the same range as in the Swedish dog population as a whole. Dog owners, breeders and judges should be made aware of canine obesity problems and trained in BCS assessment, to better prevent canine overweight and associated health risks. This is particularly important for retriever and brachycephalic breeds, which showed high prevalence of slight overweight and have breed-specific health problems exacerbated by overweight. Owners and breeders of traditionally sturdy dog breeds should be informed that overweight dogs do not outperform lean dogs in competition.

And yet Again: Having Breakfast Is Positively Associated with Lower BMI and Healthier General Eating Behavior in Schoolchildren.

Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio–economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (βadj = −0.51, p = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORadj = 0.30, p = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: βadj = −0.66, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: ORadj = 0.22, p = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: β = 0.49, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, p < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: β = 0.43, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, p = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.

Exposure to the Great Famine in Early Life and the Risk of Obesity in Adulthood: A Report Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Intrauterine malnutrition has a long-term effect on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between exposure to famine in early life and obesity in adulthood in Chinese adults. A total of 5033 participants (22,132 observations) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 1991–2015 were classified into three famine exposure groups according to their birth year: unexposed (1963–1966), fetal-exposed (1959–1962) and childhood-exposed (1955–1958). Compared with the unexposed group, the fetal-exposed group had higher levels of body-mass-index (BMI) and waist-circumference (WC), and higher prevalence of overweight and central obesity, whereas the childhood-exposed group had lower levels of the measurements. However, the positive associations of fetal exposure with BMI, WC and prevalence of overweight and central obesity were attenuated by additionally adjusting for age at survey. Stratified analysis showed that the adverse effect of fetal exposure to famine was only observed in subjects at several specific age-groups, and in men living in rural areas and in women living in more severe famine exposed areas (p for interaction < 0.05). Our results provide evidence for the weak effect of fetal exposure to famine on body measurements in adulthood, and suggest the importance of severity of famine exposure and timing of exposure.

Association between parental and offspring BMI: results from EPACI Portugal 2012.

To assess the longitudinal association between parental BMI and offspring's BMI, in EPACI Portugal 2012. Longitudinal study with retrospective collection of children's anthropometry data since birth. Children's anthropometric data were gathered from individual child health bulletins, and parents' anthropometrics were self-reported. Children's and parents' BMI were classified according to WHO cut-offs. Linear mixed models with random intercept and slope for age were applied to quantify the association between parental BMI and children BMI Z-score (zBMI). EPACI Portugal 2012. Representative sample from the Portuguese population (n 2230) aged from 12 to 36 months. 58·9 % of the fathers and 35·6 % of the mothers were overweight (OW) or obese. Prevalence of infants who were, at least, at risk of OW increased from 17·0 % to 30·3 % since birth to 12 months. About half of the mothers with pre-pregnancy OW and obesity (OB) gained gestational weight above the recommendations. The children from mothers with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the recommendations showed a -0·15 SD lower zBMI (95 % CI -0·23, -0·06) in early life, comparing with mothers within GWG recommendations. Children of obese mothers were more likely to present a higher zBMI (0·24 SD, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·35) throughout the first months of life. A high prevalence of OW and OB was observed in Portuguese young adults and toddlers. Mothers' pre-pregnancy BMI and insufficient GWG had a direct effect on offspring BMI. Early effective interventions are needed in order to prevent the transgenerational transmission of OB.

Weight Loss through Lifestyle Intervention Improves Mobility in Older Adults.

The high prevalence of overweight or obesity in older adults is a public health concern because obesity affects health, including the risk of mobility disability. The Mobility and Vitality Lifestyle Program, delivered by community health workers (CHWs), enrolled 303 community-dwelling adults to assess the impact of a 32-session behavioral weight management intervention. Participants completed the program at 26 sites led by 22 CHWs. Participation was limited to people aged 60-75 who had a body mass index (BMI) of 27-45 kg/m2. The primary outcome was the performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) over 12 months. Participants were aged 67.7 (SD 4.1) and mostly female (87%); 22.7% were racial minorities. The mean (SD) BMI at baseline was 34.7 (4.7). Participants attended a median of 24 of 32 sessions; 240 (80.3%) completed the 9- or 13-month outcome assessment. Median weight loss in the sample was 5% of baseline body weight. SPPB total scores improved by +0.31 units (p < .006), gait speed by +0.04 m/s (p < .0001), and time to complete chair stands by -0.95 s (p < .0001). Weight loss of at least 5% was associated with a gain of +0.73 in SPPB scores. Increases in activity (by self-report or device) were not independently associated with SPPB outcomes but did reduce the effect of weight loss. Promoting weight management in a community group setting may be an effective strategy for reducing the risk of disability in older adults.

Skin Carotenoid Scores Assessed with Reflection Spectroscopy Are Associated with Self-Reported Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Latino Early Adolescents

BackgroundLatino early adolescents have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Interventions to address healthy eating among Latino youth frequently focus on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Reflection spectroscopy assessed skin carotenoid (SC) levels has been proposed as an easy, noninvasive method to evaluate FV intake, but validation studies involving ethnically diverse youth are lacking. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the association between reflection spectroscopy-measured SC scores and self-reported FV intake among low-income, urban, Latino early adolescents, controlling for potential confounding factors. DesignThis study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a community-based intervention program (Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables) involving Latino fathers and adolescents to improve paternal parenting practices and youth energy balance-related behaviors. Participants/settingParticipants were 195 low-income, Latino early adolescents (aged 10 to 14 years). Data were collected in the Minneapolis/St Paul metropolitan area from 2017 to 2020 during fall or winter months. Main outcome measuresSC scores were measured using reflection spectroscopy, usual intakes of FV and carotenoid compounds were estimated based on the assessment using 24-hour dietary recalls. Statistical analysisMultivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations of SC scores and each dietary component and potential confounding factors after assessing variables for inclusion in the analyses. ResultsThe mean SC score was 225 ± 95. The mean FV and total carotenoid intakes were 3.3 ± 0.5 servings/day and 8,360 ± 786 μg/day, respectively. Higher SC scores were observed among youth who had higher FV (β = .37 and P < 0.01) or total carotenoid intakes (β = .31 and P < 0.01). SC scores measured during fall were higher than scores measured during winter. Study participants with higher home FV availability and accessibility had higher SC scores. ConclusionsFindings supported using SC score as a potential easy-to-use indicator of FV intake among Latino youth with consideration of seasonal variation and home FV availability and accessibility.

Region-specific nutritious, environmentally friendly, and affordable diets in India

Region-specific nutritious, environmentally friendly, and affordable diets in India

PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN: AN EMERGING HEALTH CRISIS?

Obesity is a global epidemic with more than one billion overweight adults. Obesity is no longer a disease of adults. The problem of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents are rising gradually. This study was planned to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school going children attending pediatric Out Patient Department of a tertiary health care facility of Eastern India. A total of 601 study subjects participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken using World Health 2 Organization (WHO) guidelines. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using standard equation: BMI=weight (kg) / height (meter). BMI was plotted against gender specic WHO growth chart for 5years-19years. Percentiles expressed in Z scores determined the cutoff points for overweight and obesity at 85th and 98th percentiles, or +1 SD and +2 SD, respectively. Data was analyzed using The Statistical Package for Social Sciences for windows (SPSS, version 20.0). Chi-square test was used to show association between categorical variables. All statistical tests was 2-tailed and a p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered signicant. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 14.0% and 7.3% respectively. Younger age, female gender, urban residence and private school enrollment was found to be signicant risk factors for overweight and obesity among school going children. In conclusion, there is high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity among school going children which calls for an urgent intervention and inter-sectoral coordination between different stakeholders and policy makers.

Cardiovascular Risk Is Increased in Miner's Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure From 0 to 2,500 m?

Over the past 40 years, mining activities in Chile have relocated miners who normally live at sea level to work at high altitudes. This results in a form of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) characterized by alternating periods of work at high altitude and rest periods at sea level. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed that aerobic capacity is reduced at 3,800 m, even when oxygen content is maintained. Our study aimed to determine the corporal composition, food intake, maximum oxygen uptake, and concentration of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in an acclimatized miner population that work from 0 to 2,500 m with CIHH exposure over 4 years. All miners recruited for our study were operators of heavy trucks with CIHH for over 4 years (shiftwork 7*7 days), and our experimental population was composed of 54 miners at sea level, 61 at 1,600 m, and 38 at 2,500 m. All evaluations were performed on the 3rd or 4th day of diurnal shiftwork. To determine corporal composition, we measured weight and height (to calculate body mass index, BMI), skinfolds (to calculate body fatty, BF), and waist circumference (WC); maximal aerobic capacity was evaluated using a ramp-incremental cycling to exhaustion protocol and a venous blood sample before the exercise test to measure (hsCRP) via an ELISA test. We found higher values of BMI, BF, and WC, in the miners’ population but observed no significant difference between populations. We found a decrease in VO2 of 11.6% at 1,600 m and 25.9% at 2,500 m compared to miners at sea level. An increase in (hsCRP) at 1,600 and 2,500 m regards sea level. We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obese subjects, which was related to the ad libitum availability of food and low physical activity (sedentarism). We found that work capacity was maintained despite a decreased VO2 max at moderate altitude. However, overweight and obesity support an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in miner’s which is unrelated to altitude. In contrast, an increased hsCRP level could be associated with increased inflammatory mechanisms at 1,600 and 2,500 m.

Obesity and overweight among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder from the general population: A review of the scientific literature and a meta-analysis.

There is substantial evidence of the high prevalence of obesity (OB) and overweight (OW) and their association with increased medical and psychiatric burden among adults with bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known regarding its prevalence among young people with BD, other than the risk from psychotropic medication, which has been the focus of research in this population. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on prevalence and correlates of OB and OW children and adolescents with BD using a different perspective than impact of medication. Four studies met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of OB in children and adolescents with BD was 15% (95% CI 11-20%). We observed a higher prevalence of OB in comparison to the general population. Different studies found significant associations between OB, OW, and BD in young populations including non-Caucasian race, physical abuse, suicide attempts, self-injurious behaviours, psychotropic medication, and psychiatric hospitalizations.

Eating Habits Associated with Overweight and Obesity: Case - Control Study in 11-14 year old Adolescents in Hanoi in 2020

Eating Habits Associated with Overweight and Obesity: Case - Control Study in 11-14 year old Adolescents in Hanoi in 2020

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in selected health areas in a rural health district in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundOverweight and obesity are major public health problems worldwide, with projections suggesting a proportional increase in the number of affected individuals in developing countries by the year 2030. Evidence-based preventive strategies are needed to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity in developing countries. We assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with overweight and obesity in selected health areas in West Cameroon.MethodsData were collected from a community-based cross-sectional study, involving the consecutive recruitment of participants aged 18 years or older. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO classification. The statistical software R (version 3.5.1, The R Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent factors associated with overweight and obesity, and obesity.ResultsRecords of 485 participants were included for analysis. The age and sex-standardized prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight and obesity were 31.1% (95% CI, 27.0–35.2), 18.9% (95% CI, 14.9–22.9), and 50.1% (95% CI, 45.7–54.6), respectively. In multivariable analysis, being female (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.69–4.63), married (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.23–6.95), and having secondary or tertiary education (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.77–6.17) were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, while current smokers had lower odds of overweight and obesity (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16–0.82) when compared to their respective counterpart. Compared to their respective reference categories, being female being (aOR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.01–7.30), married (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.37–5.05) and having secondary or tertiary education (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.00–4.23) were associated with higher odds of obesity after adjustments for confounding.ConclusionWe observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study. The odds of overweight and obesity was higher in females, married participants, and those with higher levels of education. Community-based interventions to control overweight and obesity should consider targeting these groups.

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Kenya.

Overweight and obesity rates continue to rise globally and are associated with increased chronic disease morbidity and mortality. There is evidence of high overweight and obesity prevalence in Kenya, however; a gap exists in the knowledge of national prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study examined data from the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Kenya STEPwise Survey-the first nationally representative survey to objectively measure body mass index (BMI) among Kenyan men and women. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis of 4,340 adults aged 18-69 years examined the prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors associated with having overweight or obesity (overweight/obesity) defined by WHO The mean BMI was 23.51 with 31.13% having overweight/obese. The likelihood of having overweight/obesity was significantly higher among married individuals [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19, 2.66], women (OR = 4.08, 95% CI 3.02, 5.51), urban dwellers (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.28, 2.25) and middle wealth or higher (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.91, 3.14). The likelihood of having overweight/obesity increased by age, compared to 18-29-year olds; (30-44 years (OR = 2.05 95% CI 1.50, 2.80), 45-59-year olds (OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.97, 3.63), 60-69-year olds (OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.99, 4.51). Adults with completed primary education or more had higher odd of having overweight/obesity (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.72, 2.70). compared to adults with less than primary education. Likelihood of having Overweight/obesity was highest among women, urban residents, and individuals with high education and wealth. Future studies should ascertain drivers of overweight/obesity to inform Targeted and tailored interventions and policies amongst high-risk groups.