Highest Percentage Rate Research Articles

Prevalence of prediabetes and risk of CVD mortality in individuals with prediabetes alone or plus hypertension in Northeast China: insight from a population based cohort study

BackgroundTo evaluate the current prevalence of prediabetes in northeast China, and further determine the association between prediabetes alone or coexistent with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.MethodsIn the prospective study, 15,557 participants without diabetes among aged ≥40 years in northeast China, were followed for a median of 5.5 years. Following the American Diabetes Association, prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) range of 5.7-6.4% in people without diabetes.ResultsThe prevalence of prediabetes was 44.3% among population aged ≥40 years in northeast China. Prediabetes alone did not promote risk of CVD mortality. However, when the subgroups were stratified by hypertension, the CVD mortality risk in prediabetes plus hypertension subjects increased significantly compared with population without prediabetes and hypertension. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for CVD mortality in prediabetes subgroups plus hypertension were 2.28 (95% CI: 1.50, 3.47) for those diagnosed by FPG < 5.6 mmol/L & HbA1c 5.7-6.4%, 2.18 (95% CI: 1.53, 3.10) for those diagnosed by FPG 5.6-6.0 mmol/L & HbA1c < 6.5% and 2.35 (95% CI: 1.65, 3.35) for those diagnosed by FPG 6.1-6.9 & HbA1c < 6.5% compared with the reference group. Moreover, the percentage of hypertension in prediabetes subjects was high (60.4%), but the awareness, treatment and control rates were far from satisfactory (45.3, 35.1 and 4.8%, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of prediabetes remains high in northeast China, and the CVD mortality was elevated significantly in prediabetes coexistent with hypertension. Considering the high percentage and low control rate of hypertension in prediabetes, strategies focused on HbA1c screening, FPG lowering and blood pressure management should be emphasized in northeast China.

Potential Evaluation of Environmental Impact Assessment on Land Reclamation Resilience in Bakoteh Dumpsite and Bafuloto Quarry in West Coast Region in the Gambia

This study is carried to assess and evaluate the Potential Environmental Impact Assessment of Land Reclamation and Resilience Mitigation in Bakoteh Dumpsite and Bafuloto Quarry in West Coast Region (WCR) in Gambia. The term reclamation and recovery are used interchangeably for land left for a longer period of time that could be for agricultural practices and development advancement purposes. Though, the left over land may have been affected by different activities of anthropogenic and natural phenomena which may results to climate change and global warming effects. Land reclamation sustainability strategic approaches in improving the land efficiency through physical master land plan and policies (PMLPP), adopted and practiced by the government in the country for buildings and roads construction. This is achieved through sustainable development goal (SDG), 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. This study adopts the use of qualitative research methods, a total of two hundred and seventy (270) persons were administered questionnaire for assessment, bothsex is above the ages of twenty (20),was selected during data collection. The analysis of data was done using simple percentage expression. Data analyses alsoshowed that the highest percentage rates was found in not accepted (NA) which recorded 62.96% from responses of on hundred and seventy persons in Bakoteh from the questionnaire number 9 which says” Are Bakoteh people compensated on their land reclaimed dividend benefits?, followed by the average percentage rate of 57.77% recorded against not accepted (NA) from the responses of one hundred and fifty-six people in Bakoteh as well, from the questionnaire number 10 which says” Do you think land reclaimed in Bakoteh dumpsite, possess sustainable development goal (SDGs 9)?. The lowest percentage rate was found in strongly accepted (SA) in questionnaire number 9 also, with4.07% from the responses of eleven people only. Chi-square was use statistically, to test for their level of significance, for the respondent responses in stations specification, and data characterization, At P&gt;0.05, it showed level of insignificant. Subject Area: Environmental Sciences

Fuzzy Mamdani for the primary balloon shooter game

Counting is a material that is considered not easy for most elementary school students. Not only from the considerations that are considered challenging but also the influence of the teacher's teaching style which makes bored, and boring is also a problem. In this study, an educational game balloon shooter prime numbers were made. In game design, the Mamdani fuzzy algorithm is applied to calculate the jumrance of balloons with the input variables of remaining_balloon and remaining_time. The application of the Mamdani fuzzy algorithm is considered successful, as evidenced by the high percentage rate of appearance of all balloons, reaching 76.4%.

Tingkat Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah

The purpose of writing this article is to determine the level of regional financial dependence in the North Bolaang Mongondow Regency using the method of financial ratio analysis. The results showed that over 5 years the government of North Bolaang Mongondow Regency relied heavily on transfer funds from external parties to finance regional expenditures with an average percentage of financial dependence of 93.29 percent. This high percentage rate shows that the contribution of local original income to the total regional income of the North Bolaang Mongondow Regency is still minimal.

Detection of Visual Similarity Snooping Attacks in Emails using an Extended Client Based Technique

This paper provides an Extended Client Based Technique (ECBT) that performs classification on emails using the Bayessian classifier that attain in-depth defense by performing textual analysis on email messages and attachment extensions to detect and flag snooping emails. The technique was implemented using python 3.6 in a jupyter notebook. An experimental research method on a personal computer was used to validate the developed technique using different metrics. The validation results produced a high acceptable percentage rate based on the four calculated validation metrics indicating that the technique was valid. The cosine of similarity showed a high percentage rate of similarity between the validation labels indicating that there is a high rate of similarity between the known and output message labels. The direction for further study on this paper is to conduct a replica experiments, which enhances the classification and flagging of the snooped emails using an advanced classification method.

Analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of sedatives in the modern Ukrainian pharmaceutical market

Modern research has shown that cognitive impairments are directly related to behavioral disorders and psychopathological syndromes. Nootropic drugs used for pharmacotherapy of cognitive impairments demonstrate low clinical efficiency for the treatment of psychoemotional disorders. In this case, it is advisable to correct such states by prescribing sedatives that have an integrated effect on etiological factors, pathogenetic links and symptomatic manifestations of the disease.&#x0D; The aim of the research was to carry out a comprehensive assortment analysis of sedative drugs within the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Studies were carried out through generally accepted statistical and marketing studies (State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, September, 2020). Our research focused on the information on the structure of the market of sedatives registered in Ukraine. Graphical and logical methods were used in the course of the study.&#x0D; Results. The results of the study have shown that the products manufactured in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical enterprises take 71.50 % of this segment; whereas sedatives produced in Germany – 7.50 %; in Poland – 3.56 %; in Italy, Slovenia, France – 1.50 % for each respectively; in Austria, Malta, Great Britain – 1.02 % for each respectively. The preparations of this group are represented in solid (tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, herbs in packs and filter bags) and liquid (tinctures, drops, liquid extracts, elixirs, syrups, oral solutions) dosage forms. Among the studied medicines, solid dosage forms predominate; their share makes 62.7 % of the assortment, and the highest percentage rate is held by tablets (45.5 %). The largest market share of liquid medicinal forms is made by tinctures, in particular 18.9 %. The lowest percentage rates are observed in such medicinal forms as liquid extracts, drops, elixirs, syrups and oral solutions (15.5 % in general). Analysis of the state of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of sedatives shows that synthetic drugs account for 24.55 % of the market (tablets – 92.7 %), natural (plant) medicines – 75.45 % (solid dosage forms – 89.6 %).&#x0D; Conclusions. Marketing studies were carried out on the modern market of sedative medicines in Ukraine. It has been established that the quantitative and qualitative diversity of the current assortment is presented by the imported drugs and domestic producers. Analysis of the state of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of sedatives was performed. Sedative preparations of natural (plant) origin have been found to be predominant and occupy 2/3 of the total range of sedatives registered in Ukraine as of September, 2020. Synthetic sedative drugs are mainly combined. Monodrugs of plant origin make up the majority of assorted items. Development of drugs aimed at providing complex pharmacotherapeutical correction of cognitive and psychoemotional disorders and based on such peptides as vasopressin, is one of the most significant and relevant problems in modern neurology and is of great scientific and practical value.

Methodology for germination test accomplishment in chia seeds

As sementes de chia são conhecidas por seus elevados teores nutricionais e por ser uma excelente fonte de energia. A chia ganhou notoriedade a partir da década de 90 com a crescente demanda por alimentos funcionais e saudáveis. Com o aumento expressivo da demanda por este produto, a produção de sementes de alta qualidade é imprescindível para alcançar elevados índices de produtividade. Além disso, existem poucos estudos sobre metodologias para análise de sementes dessa espécie, tornando este estudo relevante. Dessa forma, objetivou-se determinar a metodologia quanto à temperatura, substrato e fotoperíodo para o teste de germinação em sementes de chia. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial triplo 7 x 3 x 2 (temperaturas x substratos x fotoperíodo), com quatro repetições. Foram realizados os testes de massa de 1000 sementes, teor de água e teste de germinação com variações de temperaturas de 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 ºC, nos substratos sobre papel, entre papel e entre areia, com presença ou ausência de luz. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade, tempo médio e velocidade média de germinação. Também foi obtida a curva de absorção de água em três temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 ºC). Nas condições testadas, concluiu-se que sementes de chia podem ser germinadas em substratos de papel e areia, com presença ou ausência de luz, nas temperaturas de 15 a 35 ºC, conseguindo assim, obter elevadas taxas de porcentagem de germinação.

Health-Related Behaviors of Pregnant Women Residing in Urban and Rural Areas in Poland.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge regarding a healthy lifestyle and prophylaxis during pregnancy among women from rural and urban areas and how this changed within a 5-year period. Analyses of the population of pregnant women in Poland were made using a questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted in the years 2010–2012 and 2017. Questionnaires from 6128 pregnant women were collected. The statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS. The examined population was comprised of 41% women from rural areas and 59% women from urban areas. Alcohol consumption was lower among women from rural areas than among urban inhabitants in 2010–2012; in 2017 a trend of even lower consumption was observed. Folic acid supplementation was more broadly developed in the urban population; however, in 2017, higher percentage rates of both populations admitted taking folates before pregnancy. More women in urban than in rural areas performed physical activity during pregnancy, but the differences decreased in 2017. Knowledge of a healthy lifestyle and prophylaxis during pregnancy increased regardless of place of residence; however, the most evident change could be observed among women from rural areas.

The Effect of Digital Unsecured Loans and DTI Ratio on Risk-Taking Behavior

The objective of this study was to examined the effect of digital unsecured loans and DTI ratio on changes in risk-taking behavior of the household sectros. Increasing of P2P lending is clearly unstoppable in Indonesia. Digital unsecured loans success to simplify credit process, because online-based credit aplication. However, these simply process are followed by high-interest rate. Many people apply for credit without considering risk. The convenience of digital unsecured loans making people forget about high annual percentage rate. Finally, occur increase potential bad loans in the household sectros. Collection of data was carried out through experiments 2 x 2 factorial design. The results shows that digital unsecured loans increases risk-taking behavior of household sectors. DTI ratio also can be used as an internal control of household sectors to prevent increased risk-taking behavior

Determinants of successful arteriovenous fistulae creation including intraoperative transit time flow measurement.

The prevalence of hemodialysis patients is increasing, and it is important to create the arteriovenous fistula as early as possible to avoid hemodialysis by central venous catheter. International guidelines recommend arteriovenous fistula as the vascular access of first choice. Arteriovenous fistulae are associated with a failure rate of 23%. The success of an arteriovenous fistula can be evaluated intraoperatively by physical examination and by measuring the blood flow. The aim of the study is to describe the predictive value of various factors for fistula maturation in the context to the current literature. We report on a prospective cohort study of 41 patients, undergoing a primary arteriovenous fistula at the upper extremity. The primary endpoint of the study was the successful fistula maturation after 6 weeks. The intraoperative measurement of the blood flow in the outflow vein has been identified as the unique significant parameter for the fistula maturation. The predictive value of intraoperative flow measurement is superior to intraoperative physical examination and could help reduce the fistula dysmaturation rate. Intraoperative transit time flow measurement is an easy method and can be used to predict successful fistula maturation in a high percentage rate.

Robot-assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy: the learning curve for a pure microsurgeon

Vasovasostomy success rates improved with the application of the operative microscope in 1975. The robotic platform offers potential advantages including: a stable, ergonomic, scalable control system with three-dimensional visualization and magnification, the elimination of physiological tremor, and simultaneous control of three instruments and a camera. A previous publication revealed a fellowship-trained microsurgeon (PKK) could transition to robot-assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy (RAVV) with comparable outcomes. The objective of this current study was to evaluate the learning curve for the purely trained microsurgeon transitioning to RAVV. A retrospective chart review was performed of a microsurgeon’s first 100 RAVVs evaluating the learning curve for patency rates, anastomosis times, operative times, and sperm concentrations at the initial postoperative semen analyses. Cases were stratified into four groups by 25 case intervals. There were no statistically significant differences in patency rates or postoperative sperm concentrations between the groups over time. There were differences in anastomosis times between groups 1 and 2, as well as between groups 2 and 3, and there were differences in operative times between groups 2 and 3. High-percentage patency rates are achievable very early in the transition from pure microsurgical vasovasostomy to RAVV across wide ranges of obstructive intervals. Postoperative mean sperm concentrations in the initial semen analyses after RAVV are consistent over time. For a single microsurgeon not formally trained in robotic microsurgery, 75 RAVV cases were required to optimize and plateau in anastomosis times and 75 cases were required to optimize operative times.

Childcare and maternal part-time employment: a natural experiment using Swiss cantons

Fuelled by federal stimuli of 440 million Swiss francs, the staggered expansion of childcare in many cantons allows the evaluation of this family policy on female labour supply. With new cantonal data, this study analyses both the decision to participate in the labour market and the intensity of participation. Empirical results of difference-in-differences regressions show that mothers work at higher percentage rates if they live in cantons that have expanded their childcare services more than the national average. The reform stimulated part-time employment of between 20 and 36 h per week by 2 percentage points. The expansion of childcare particularly affected women with two children and upper-secondary education, who are married or cohabit with their partner.

COMPARISON OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF SECOND- AND THIRD-GENERATION ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Objective: Oral contraceptives are the second-most widely used contraceptives in Indonesia; however, a high percentage rate of withdrawal is seen owing to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Only a small proportion of users have been provided information about other oral contraceptives such as newer generation progestin as an alternative option to minimize ADR. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of ADR between combined oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel (LNG) (second generation) and desogestrel (DSG) (third generation), which was expected to have less side effects.Methods: The study has a cross-sectional comparative design with random sampling from users in six villages in Depok City, Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews. The sample includes 60 users of LNG and 40 users of DSG.Results: ADR complaints include intermenstrual bleeding (16.7% vs. 5%), headache (16.7% vs. 5%), nausea/vomiting (25% vs. 0%), breast tenderness (13.3% vs. 0%), impaired sexual intercourse (23.3% vs. 7.5%), weight gain (35% vs. 22.5%), acne (3.3% vs. 7.5%), and face spots/chloasma (28.3% vs. 5%). The LNG group showed significantly higher impaired sexual intercourse (odds ratio (OR): 3.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-14.050, p=0.039) and chloasma (OR 7.51, 95% CI: 1.629-34.647, p=0.004).Conclusion: Users’ low knowledge of ADR and how to treat it could be a reason for drug withdrawal. Pharmacies must make efforts to provide counseling in this regard.

Hepatitis A and E seropositivity and nucleic acid detection among chemical bombardment survivors in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

The current study was carried out to determine the percentage rates of anti-hepatitis A and E (HAV and HEV) IgG and IgM seropositivity and RNA among chemical bombarded survivors in different regions in Iraqi Kurdistan. Blood samples were collected randomly from 92 chemical bombed exposures and 45 non-exposures -controls- from July to November 2013. ELISA and conventional, nested PCR techniques were followed todetect anti-hepatitis A and E IgG, IgM and RNA respectively. Lymphocyte counting also was done for all tested exposures and controls. It was observed that the percentage rates of hepatitis A seropositivity were higher than hepatitis E. All tested exposures (100%) were seropositive for anti- HAV IgG, whereas 61.79% were positive for anti-HEV IgG. Similarly, anti-HAV IgM seropositivity was higher (8.9%) than that of anti- HEV (1.089%). Current results revealed that there were significant differences between exposures and controls regarding anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG (p= 0.0001 and 0.0002),whereas no significant differences were observed between the two tested groups concerning anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgM seropositivity (p= 0.621 and 0.56). Moreover, significant differences were found among anti-HAV IgG and IgM as well as anti-HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity among exposures themselves (p= 0.000 and 0.0055) respectively. The percentage rate of hepatitis A RNA positivity was 15.68%, whereas no positive results were seen for HEV. Geographical distribution of exposures was appeared to be significantly effective on all obtained results (seropositivity and RNA detection) (p ‹ 0.05). It was noticed that lymphocytes were significantly different between HAV- seropositive and seronegative exposures (p ‹ 0.05). A high percentage rate of exposures with positive results for anti-HAV, anti-HEV, and PCR positive results, were suffering from lymphopenia. The highest lymphocyte abnormalities were among exposures with anti-HAV IgM followed by anti-HAV IgG then anti-HEV IgG seropositive exposures.

Canonical correlations between agronomic traits and seed physiological quality in segregating soybean populations.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between agronomic traits and physiological traits of seeds in segregating soybean populations by canonical correlation analysis. Seven populations and two commercial cultivars in three generations were used: F3 plants and F4 seeds; F4 plants and F5 seeds, and F4 seeds and plants. The following agronomic traits (group I) were evaluated: number of days to maturity, plant height at maturity, insertion height of first pod, number of pods, grain yield, and oil content. The physiological quality of seeds (group II) was evaluated using germination, accelerated aging, emergence, and emergence rate index tests. The results showed that agronomic traits and physiological traits of seeds are not independent. Intergroup associations were established by the first canonical pair for the generation of F3 plants and F4 seeds, especially between more productive plants with a larger pod number and high oil content and seeds with a high germination percentage and emergence rate. For the generation of F4 plants and F5 seeds, the first canonical pair indicated an association between reduced maturity cycle, seeds with a high emergence percentage and a high percentage of normal seedlings after accelerated aging. According to the second canonical pair, more productive and taller plants were associated with seed vigor. For the generation of F4 seeds and plants, the associations established by the first canonical pair occurred between seed vigor and more productive plants with high oil content and reduced maturity cycle, and those established by the second canonical pair between seeds of high physiological quality and tall plants.

Analysis of Undergraduate Biology Laboratory Manuals

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the undergraduate biology laboratory manuals of Ethiopian Universities. It focuses on assessing how they promote the basic and integrated science process skills that are involved in scientific inquiry with seven levels of Laboratory Task Analysis Instrument (LAI). A total of 22 undergraduate biology laboratory manuals were collected from three sample universities with different age. Manipulating materials, measuring and using numbers and pre - lab activities were common activities, and were found in every manual and in every university. However, students rarely asked to plan and design and to communicate and interpret the results. The results also show high percentage rate of basic science process skills (75.4%) as compared to the integrated science process skills (24.6%). Implications for universities and the Ministry of Education should develop standard harmonized biology laboratory manuals with all the necessary scientific skills that would promote the students’ use of much integrated scientific skills. Key words : Scientific skills; undergraduate biology laboratory manuals; laboratory task analysis instrument

Run-Life Improvement by Implementation of Artificial-Lift-Systems Failure Classification

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 173913, “Run-Life Improvement by Implementation of Artificial-Lift- Systems Failure Classification and Root-Cause Failure Classification,” by Edward Rubiano, José Luis Martin, Jesus Prada, Manuel Monroy, Laura Labrador, Jonathan Celis, and Jahir Gutierrez, Oxy, and Michel Bohorquez, Ecopetrol, prepared for the 2015 SPE Artificial Lift Conference—Latin America and Caribbean, Salvador, Brazil, 27–28 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. This paper describes a methodology for classification of artificial-lift-system (ALS) failures and addition of a commonly used root-cause failure classification. This methodology was applied to different ALSs such as beam pumps (BPs), progressing cavity pumps (PCPs), electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), and electrical submersible progressing cavity pumps (ESPCPs). The starting point was the definition of the boundaries of each system. Then, each job in the well was defined as (1) a failure, (2) a failure, non-ALS, or (3) no failure, in order to look for ways to improve run life. Introduction La Cira-Infantas oil field is in the Middle Magdalena Valley in Colombia (Fig. 1). The vast majority of the wells are completed with 7-in. production casing and perforated with 5 shots/ft with no sand-control completion in place, and then the ALS is installed. ALS in La Cira-Infantas From the beginning of the activity in La Cira-Infantas, almost 100 years ago, several ALSs have been used to produce fluids from the wells. Since 2005, the field has offered different conditions, depending on the mature state of the waterflooding— high water percentage, high and low flow rates, free gas, and corrosive fluids. Currently, ALSs such as BPs, PCPs, ESPs, and ESPCPs are used for producing the total fluid of the field. Failure Analysis The root-cause failure-analysis (RCFA) process used in La Cira-Infantas has the objective of finding the real cause of a given failure and identifying effective solutions to prevent a recurrence of the failure. The steps for the RCFA are as follows. Initial Diagnosis and Failure Confirmation. When an ALS ceases to lift the expected production, specific procedures are performed to try to restart the system. If production is not re-established, a downhole failure is confirmed. Pulling Equipment From the Well. Mechanical and electrical tests are performed to determine ALS condition. Tubing is tested for leaks. As equipment is pulled, each part of the ALS is inspected carefully and qualitative measurements are taken.

The autonomic dysfunction in patients with lupus disease: An electrophysiological study.

Background:The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system (ANS) function by using electrophysiological tests in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Materials and Methods:This descriptive analytical study was done on 28 individuals with a history of lupus and ten age- and sex-matched healthy objects were being selected randomly. The autonomy questionnaire has been used to determine clinical symptom of ANS involvement. The electrophysiological assessments of ANS function were performed by sympathetic skin response (SSR). The mean values of sympathetic (SSR latency and amplitude) parameters were compared to determine any correlations between SSR parameters and clinical characteristics of ANS.Results:28 SLE patients (3 males, 25 females) with a mean age of 34.6 ± 9.74 years and 10 control subjects (4 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 36.8 ± 6.43 years were included in the study. Among patients 17 (60.7%) exhibited autonomic symptoms. Headache was the most common issue with the highest percentage rate (41.17%). The mean latency and amplitude of SSR were increased (1.52 ± 0.16 vs. 1.39 ± 0.16 and 107 ± 15.6 vs. 110 ± 15.6, respectively), compared to control. A significant difference was observed between the SSR test results of patients with lupus compared to normal healthy objects (P < 0.05). R = 0.43 correlation was found between autonomy questionnaire scores and SSR (P < 0.05).Conclusion:It could be concluded that latency measures in SSR test can be used as a valuable and accurate evaluation guideline for autonomic system assessment.

국내 산악지역의 유출곡선지수 산정 문제점 평가

본 연구는 산악지역을 대상으로 SCS 유출곡선지수 방법의 적용과정에서 발생되는 문제점과 그 영향을 살펴보았다. 먼저, 우리나라와 같이 암석노출지의 비율이 높은 산악지역의 경우 암석노출지를 독립적인 토지이용상태로 구분하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 암석노출지를 고려할 경우, 유출곡선지수가 최대 5.75%까지 높게 산정되었으며 이러한 결과는 유효우량 산정에 다소 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 대부분의 연구에서는 미국자연자원보호청에서 제공하는 피복상태별 유출곡선지수 항목이 매우 다양하여 본질적으로 다른 지형인 우리나라와 미국의 피복상태를 구분하기가 매우 어렵다. 또한 이 문제는 선행연구에서 적용한 피복상태의 근거를 제시하고 있지 않아 더욱 어려운 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구의 결과가 향후 SCS 유출곡선지수 방법을 사용하여 홍수량을 산정하는 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. This study examined problems in application process of SCS curve number method and its effect on estimating effective rainfall in mountain area. First, it was found that the mountainous area in South Korea, which has a high percentage rate of rocky surface, needs to be categorized as an area for independent land-use. When the rocky area was considered for independent land-use, SCS curve number was higher than 5.75%. Thus, there is a possibility that it affects the estimate effective rainfall. Second, it is crucial to make accurate match for the same cover type between South Korea's and USA's employing cover type table from National Resources Conservation Service. Moreover, it is a challenge to ascertain which cover type from NRCS is suitable with Korea because most of the previous studies conducted have not provided reasons why the studies use such kind of cover type. The results on this study are useful when SCS curve number method is applied to estimate the amount of flood discharged.

Does mortgage deregulation increase foreclosures? Evidence from Cleveland

This paper examines how relaxing a local anti-predatory lending law for mortgages affects foreclosures. The empirical evidence is drawn from a quasi experiment in Cleveland, Ohio, where the State Supreme Court repealed an ordinance that imposed lending restrictions on home mortgages of high annual percentage rates (APRs). Empirical evidence shows that observable loan and borrower characteristics were not affected by the repeal, nor did the overall originations appear to increase; yet the APRs were 20% more likely to exceed the regulatory thresholds that were nullified. Moreover, the foreclosure rate increased by six percentage points to 20%.