Highest Survival Percentage Research Articles

Respons Pertumbuhan Planlets Anggrek Phalaenopsis terhadap Pemberian BA dan NAA Selama Aklimatisasi

Orchid plants are a type of plant that belongs to the Orchidaceae family which has approximately 900 genera and estimated to have 15.000- 25.000 species. Orchid plants can be cultivated vegetative and generative. Tissue culture is one of the vegetative propagation methods of orchids. Acclimatization is a critical period for tissue cultured plantlets. Acclimatization is a critical period for plantlets resulting from tissue culture. Plant growth regulators can help stimulate plantlet growth during the acclimatization period. growth regulators is one of the success factors in acclimatization. This study aims to determine the best BA and NAA concentrations and the best treatment combination for acclimatization of Phalaenopsis orchids. This research was conducted from March to July 2022 at the Research and Experimental station, University of Bangka Belitung. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The factors tested were the concentrations of BA and NAA solutions. The results showed that the acclimatization of Phalaenopsis orchids was successful, indicated by the high percentage of plantlet survival. The highest average growth was shown at concentrations of 10 ppm BA and 10 ppm NAA. The treatment combination showing the highest average growth was BA 20 + NAA 10 ppm.Keywords : Acclimatization, BA, NAA, Phalaenopsis

Comparative performance of subsurface and free-surface planted beds for polishing real recycled paper effluent: Influence of biomass ratio to pollutant

A polishing technology through phytoremediation was performed to reduce COD and colour from real recycled paper effluent using Typha angustifolia. Subsurface (SS) and free surface (FS) systems were operated, with batches of 10 and 26 L of effluent treated, respectively. Various numbers of plants (4 (T4), 6 (T6) and 8 (T8) plants with mass of 54, 82 and 100 g, respectively) were vegetated in each system. All treatments were run with plant control and control contaminants. After 60 days of treatment, there was significant (p < 0.05) removal of contaminants, with the highest removals of colour were 71 % (T8) and 80 % (T4); and the highest COD removals were 97 % (T8) and 89 % (T8) for SS and FS, respectively. Additionally, COD and colour removal for the treatment with eight plants (T8) in the SS system (97 % and 71 %, respectively) was significantly higher than for the treatment with four plants (T4) (COD removal = 91 % and colour removal = 50 %). This is due to the high survival percentages of plants in T8, with 100 % tolerance in the SS system which represents healthy plants undergoing the phytoremediation process with no or less fewer toxicity symptoms. Overall, the SS system performed better since the FS system faced a higher pollutant loading. The mass ratio of plants to COD for the SS system with eight plants is 37 which means for every 1 g of COD, about 37 g of plants is required to facilitate the phytoremediation process with high removal efficiency and 100 % survival of plants.

Standardization of Softwood Grafting in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) var. TKD1

In recent years, Hass avocados (Persea americana Mill.) have become more widely cultivated in Colombia. One of the difficulties facing the nation is boosting orchard output by ensuring graft plants have the best agronomic, genetic, and phytosanitary criteria. In this study, the growth and development of avocado rootstocks derived from seeds of various weight ranges will be monitored for 90 days. Four weights of avocado seeds (S1, S2, S3, S4) (30–40 g, 40–50 g, 50–60 g, and 60-70 g) and four scion maturity of (D1, D2, D3, D4) (60 days old, 70 days old, 80 days old, 90 days old were used as treatments in a factorial completely randomized experimental design. The outcome showed that the best germination rate of 75% for S4 and the highest survival percentage (94.98%) for S4D4. After 90th DAG the maximum number of new shoots per plant (5.75), number of leaves/plants (18.15), leaf area (20.83 cm2), and carbohydrate content (6.57%) were reported. Based on the results of the experiment, it was determined that the optimum method for propagating avocados was softwood grafting using 60–70 g seed size (rootstock) and 90-day-old scion. These plants had better vigor and faster germination rates, all of which could reduce the length of time spent in the nursery while still ensuring the quality of the material, which is influenced by improved seedling growth.

Influence of Artificial Shading and SiO2 on Agastache mexicana subsp. mexicana’s Ability to Survive under Water Stress

Medicinal plants are crucial for developing new medicines; the Agastache mexicana subspecies mexicana (Amm) or “toronjil morado” is considered an at-risk plant because of its inability to grow outside of its natural habitat. This research aims to measure the response of Amm to achieve survival with low nutrient levels and water stress, supported by different dioxide silicon (SiO2) (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%) and artificial shading (AS) levels (38, 87, and 94%). Applying AS and SiO2 supported gradual tolerance to the effects of both waterlogging and drought stresses. The survival values were statistically significant in the interaction and simple analysis of SiO2 and AS, where p = 0.0001. The highest survival percentage (SP) value was SP = 91.3% for treatment number six (τ6), where AS = 94% and SiO2 = 0.2%. Additionally, the index of survival efficiency under water stress (SIef) was calculated, with the highest value being SIef = 0.062 for the hypothetical interaction of AS = 94% and SiO2 = 0.4. Research has shown that applying both SiO2 and a high level of AS can guarantee the survival of Amm under water stress.

Development of Cryopreservation Technique for Meristems of Syringa vulgaris L. Cultivars

Cryopreservation is considered to be one of the most effective methods for long-term storage of plant genetic resources, particularly for ornamental species. However, there is a very little research on cryopreservation of lilacs. In this study, for the first time the cryopreservation protocol (a variation of a pregrowth-dehydration method) was successfully applied to two cultivars of Syringa vulgaris: ‘Aucubaefolia’ and ‘Polina Osipenko’. Explants of both cultivars were able to withstand the different steps of the protocol, and high survival and regrowth percentages were obtained after exposure to liquid nitrogen (67–100% and 63–88%, respectively). The current study is mainly focused on the preculture conditions of the applied method. Based on our results, we propose the use of paclobutrazol (PBZ) with the combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) in the preculture medium for increasing explant tolerance to subsequent dehydration and freezing. During post-LN recovery, the explants appeared morphologically normal, and after 12–16 weeks after thawing, they were propagated and cultured as normal plantlets. Therefore, the reported method is effective for long-term storage of lilac meristems and could be used to create a cryobank of achievements in lilac breeding.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS ON ROOT INDUCTION OF LIGHT WEIGHT DATE PALM SUCKERS

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2017-2019 to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators on root induction of Date palm suckers. There were six treatments i.e., T0 (Control), T1 (Indol butyric Acid (IBA) @2000 ppm), T2 (IBA@4000 ppm), T3 (Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) @2000 ppm), T4 (NAA@3000), T5 (IBA@2000 ppm + NAA@2000 ppm). Growth regulators significantly affected the survival percentage, number of leaves, leaf length and number of roots plant-1. Results showed that IBA@4000 ppm gave maximum success percentage (76.3%), highest survival percentage after 90 days (43.8%), maximum number of leaves (4.5), highest leaf length (20.6cm) and highest number of roots plant-1 (24.8). In view of these results, it is concluded that IBA can be used @ 4000 ppm for better root induction of Date palm suckers.

Galectin-3 Mediates NETosis and Acts as an Autoantigen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with enhanced NETosis and impaired degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding protein and is associated with neutrophil functions as well as involved in mediating autoimmune disorders. In this study, we plan to examine the associations of galectin-3 with the pathogenesis of SLE and NETosis. Galectin-3 expression levels were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients for the association with lupus nephritis (LN) or correlation of SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). NETosis was observed in human normal and SLE and murine galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3 KO) neutrophils. Gal-3 KO and wild-type (WT) mice induced by pristane were used to evaluate disease signs, including diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), LN, proteinuria, anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibody, citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3) levels, and NETosis. Galectin-3 levels are higher in PBMCs of SLE patients compared with normal donors and positively correlated with LN or SLEDAI-2K. Gal-3 KO mice have higher percent survival and lower DAH, LN proteinuria, and anti-RNP antibody levels than WT mice induced by pristane. NETosis and citH3 levels are reduced in Gal-3 KO neutrophils. Furthermore, galectin-3 resides in NETs while human neutrophils undergo NETosis. Galectin-3-associated immune complex deposition can be observed in NETs from spontaneously NETotic cells of SLE patients. In this study, we provide clinical relevance of galectin-3 to the lupus phenotypes and the underlying mechanisms of galectin-3-mediated NETosis for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting galectin-3 for SLE.

Effect of PGR on Growth and Establishment of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Thompson Seedless under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Condition

Grapes (Vitis vinifera) is one of the important commercial subtropical crops, which is a good source of vitamins and minerals. It is grown throughout the world except the places with extreme temperature and high altitude .So, to find out Effect of PGR on growth and establishment of grapes cv. Thompson Seedless under Prayagraj agro climatic condition; a field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj, U.P-211007 during the year 2022. The experiment comprised of 10 different treatment of three different plant growth regulator comprising of GA3, IAA and IBA with different concentration of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm; 100 ppm, 300 ppm and 500 ppm; 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm respectively. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the root and vegetative growth of grapevines with their success and survival in the Prayagraj agro-climatic zone. From the present investigation, treatment T9 (IBA @3000 ppm) was found best with least days to emerge from the bud from the grapes cutting (6.4 days) with maximum amount of sprouting percentage (77.7%). It also showed the best root growth parameters with maximum root length 25.1cm @120DAP and maximum number of roots per cutting 49.3 @120DAP. It also showed best vegetative growth parameters with maximum shoot length 13.4cm @120DAP, maximum stem diameter 28.1mm @120DAP, highest number of leaves with 12.5 @120 DAP, maximum leaf area 73.9cm2, maximum plant height after transplanting 14.9cm and highest survival percentage 88.8% of grapes plant. The T9 showed the best results with all major parameters when cuttings were treated with different concentrations of plant growth regulators.

Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown Nothofagus alessandrii Plants.

Nothofagus alessandrii (ruil) is an endangered relict species, endemic to the Mediterranean area of Chile, and one of the most threatened trees in the country. Its natural distribution area has been greatly reduced by the effect of human activities; the remaining fragments are mostly intervened and highly deteriorated as a habitat and refuge for the associated biodiversity. In order to produce healthy and resistant nursery plants for recovery and restoration of N. alessandrii forests, this study evaluates the early effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (MFI) combined with fertilization on the cultivation of seedlings. The experiment was established under a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of the mycorrhizal factors (M0 = without mycorrhizal, M1 = Thelephora sp. and M2 = Hebeloma sp.) and fertilization (F1 = standard fertilization and F2 = intensive fertilization), with three replicates of each combination, for each type of plant (P1 = plants from one season and P2 = plants from two seasons). Each experimental unit corresponded to a group of 20 plants, with 720 plants in the test. The results indicate that application of fertilizer and MFI significantly affects some growth and photosynthesis parameters of ruil plants in one and two seasons. The morphological parameters obtained in the study show shoot height values ranging between 67 and 91 cm for P1 and between 96 and 111 cm for P2; while, for shoot diameter, values ranged between 7.91 and 8.24 mm for P1 and between 10.91 and 11.49 mm for P2. Although formation of fully developed mycorrhizal roots was not observed during the assay period, we conclude that inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi combined with fertilization could be an efficient strategy to produce a quality plant, in addition to maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity and, therefore, a higher percentage of survival in the field.

Effect of molasses supplementation on growth performance, water quality and microbial dynamics during indoor rearing of pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

A study was conducted with Pacific white-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) juveniles to ascertain the effect ofmolasses supplementation on the growth performance, culture environment and microbial dynamics of rearing water. Theweight gain at the end of the experiment of 55 days duration were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in molasses supplementedgroup (12.08±0.45 g) as compared to control (10.44±0.34 g). Apparent feed conversion ratio (AFCR) was found significantly(p&gt;0.05) lower in case of molasses supplemented group with higher survival percentage. Supplementation of molasses alsoimproved the rearing water quality. The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) level was significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower in the rearingwater of molasses supplemented tank (2.213±0.165 ppm) compared to control (2.915±0.191 ppm). There was no significantdifference in total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and total Vibrio (TV) load between the water of the two groups. However,the proportion of TV to THB was significantly lower in case of molasses supplemented group as compared to control. Thisstudy indicated that supplementation of molasses can significantly improve the growth performance of P. vannamei withbetter feed utilisation and also improves the water quality by reducing the level of toxic gas i.e. ammonia in water. Keywords: Ammonia, C:N ratio, Molasses, Vibrio

Effect of some regulating substances on the vegetative parameters of flame seedless grapes cleft grafted on three nematode resistant rootstocks.

Grapes, the second next to Citrus, are one of Egypt's most popular fruits. Egypt is the world's 14th largest grape producers. The Flame seedless grape is a popular and early-season cultivar and one of the most prevalent grape kinds. Because the grape is nematode-sensitive, grafting on nematode-resistant rootstocks could be an effective way to minimize worm infection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of IBA, Kinetin in graft union, and some grapevine rootstocks, such as Harmony, Freedom, and Salt Creek, on the percentage of Flame seedless grapevine survival and vegetative growth parameters when grafted using the cleft grafting method on the 15th February grafting date. When the Flame seedless grapes were treated at the graft union of the Freedom rootstock with a high level of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 1000 ppm) and a low level of Kinetin (250 ppm), they had a significantly higher survival percentage, shoot length, shoot diameter, L/D ratio, number of leaves per shoot, leaf area, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight root system, dry weight of leaves and shoots, and dry weight root system in both seasons. It can be concluded that grafting on Freedom rootstock and using a low amount of Kinetin (250 ppm) are the most effective treatments for getting the highest percentage of survival and vegetative development parameters in Flame seedless grapevine.

Cardiovascular Side Effects of Anthracyclines and HER2 Inhibitors among Patients with Breast Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Stepwise Approach for Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment.

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD) are a major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality affecting life expectancy amongst cancer survivors. In recent years, because of the possibility of early diagnosis and the increased efficacy of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant systemic treatments (targeting specific molecular pathways), the high percentage of survival from breast cancer led CVD to become the first cause of death among survivors. Therefore, it is mandatory to adopt cardioprotective strategies to minimize CV side effects and CVD in general in breast cancer patients. Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a common group of side effects of chemotherapeutics widely employed in breast cancer (e.g., anthracycline and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 inhibitors). The aim of the present manuscript is to propose a pragmatic multidisciplinary stepwise approach for prevention, early detection, and treatment of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Maize Serine Peptidase S8 Family Genes in Response to Drought at Seedling Stage.

Subtilisin-like proteases (subtilases) are found in almost all plant species and are involved in regulating various biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the literature on subtilases in different plant species is vast, the gene function of the serine peptidase S8 family and its maize subfamily is still unknown. Here, a bioinformatics analysis of this gene family was conducted by describing gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distributions, gene duplications, and promoter cis-elements. In total, we identified 18 ZmSPS8 genes in maize, distributed on 7 chromosomes, and half of them were hydrophilic. Most of these proteins were located at the cell wall and had similar secondary and tertiary structures. Prediction of cis-regulatory elements in promoters illustrated that they were mainly associated with hormones and abiotic stress. Maize inbred lines B73, Zheng58, and Qi319 were used to analyze the spatial-temporal expression patterns of ZmSPS8 genes under drought treatment. Seedling drought results showed that Qi319 had the highest percent survival after 14 d of withholding irrigation, while B73 was the lowest. Leaf relative water content (LRWC) declined more rapidly in B73 and to lower values, and the nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) contents of leaves were higher in Qi319 than in the other inbreds. The qPCR results indicated that 6 serine peptidase S8 family genes were positively or negatively correlated with plant tolerance to drought stress. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the ZmSPS8s in the maize genome and finds a link between drought tolerance and the family gene expression, which was established by using different maize inbred lines.

Mogućnost osnivanja klonskih zasada crnih topola "plitkom sadnjom" sadnicama bez korena (1/0)

In this paper we studied the possibility of using seedlings of type 1/0 in establishing clonal plantations of black poplar by planting at a depth of 1.2 m. The research was conducted in the period between 2020 and 2023 and included monitoring the survival percentage (%) of seedlings after the first vegetation period in seven experimental trials. The trials were established in the area of Public Enterprise Vojvodinašuma - Forest Estate Sremska Mitrovica and Forest Estate Novi Sad. The trials themselves differed from each other in terms of experimental design, namely: (a) three trials were established in the form of a comparative clonal test, using seedlings of type 1/1 and 1/0, which were planted at a depth of 0.8 m and 1.2 m, respectively, (b) one experiment was established in the form of a comparative clonal test with type 1/0 seedlings planted at two depths: 2.0 m (deep planting) and 1.2 m (normal planting), and type 1/1 seedlings planted at depth 0.8 m, (c) three trials were established only from seedlings of type 1/0 (planting depth 1.2 m) on large areas, in the form of agroforestry systems, and the success of reception was observed in relation to the "Pravilnik o bližim uslovima, kao i načinu dodele i korišćenja sredstava iz godišnjeg programa korišćenja sredstava budžetskog fonda za šume Republike Srbije i budžetskog fonda za šume Autonomne pokrajine ("Official Gazette of RS", no. 17/2013 and 20/2016)", which, among other things consider the establishment of plantations and intensive plantings successful "if after one vegetation period, more than 90% of the seedlings survived" (Article 19, Paragraph 2). The results indicate that regardless of climatic conditions during the growing season, as well as the time of year in which plantations are established, planting one-year-old stools at a depth of 1.2 m achieves a high percentage of survival, which averaged around 91.0%, in comparative clone tests, and 95.1%, in agroforestry systems. Also, data from comparative clone tests showed that the influence of the clone did not significantly affect the percentage of stools survival percentage. The establishment of black poplar clonal plantations by planting one-year-old stools at a depth of 1.2 m could significantly improve nursery production and the establishment of plantations, considering both simpler and cheaper production of seedlings in stool beds, as well as the lower costs of plantations establishing.

Influence of rooting media, number of nodes and seedling growing methods on rooting, seedling establishment and early growth of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius McVaugh) stem cuttings at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

Establishment of seedling growing method(s) is priority activity to the distribution of newly introduced vegetable crops. Chaya is proposed as candidate vegetable crop to distribute in eastern Ethiopia. However, recommendation is lacking for rooting media and type of cutting to produce seedlings. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess effect of rooting media and number of nodes on rooting, seedling establishment and early growth of chaya at Dire Dawa from February 2018 to July 2018. Three level of rooting media (top soil only, 3:2:1 top soil: farmyard manure: sand, 3:1 top soil: farmyard manure), three levels of node number (2, 3, 4) and two seedling growing methods (seedbed/bare root and polyethylene bag) in factorial combinations were evaluated in completely randomized and randomized complete block designs with three replications for nursery and field experiments, respectively. Seedling growing methods significantly influenced all traits, rooting media, number of nodes and interaction of the main factors had significant effect on percentage of root initiated cuttings. Fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, dry weight of leaves and root significantly influenced by interaction of the three factors. The seedlings raised on seedbed filled with 3:1 top soil: farmyard manure (91.6%) and stem cuttings with four nodes (92.7%) showed high percentage survival. Generally, either one or more of the three main factors rooting media, number of nodes and seedling growing method or one or more of the possible two and three main factors interactions significantly influenced the seedlings growth and establishment of seedlings at the field. In conclusion, chaya seedlings from cutting responded well to type of rooting media containing top soil: farmyard manure: sand, cutting length with three and four nodes and growing method (seedbed). Therefore, in the study area it could be advised to use combined mixtures of 3:2:1 top soil: farmyard manure: sand and stem cutting with four nodes grown on nursery bed and field establishment.

Evaluación de antibióticos y fungicidas, en la introducción in vitro de banano (Musa acuminata) en la Estación Experimental Sapecho

Decontamination of explants is a requirement for the efficiency of introduction and establishment of in vitro banana (Musa acuminata) explants. The work was carried out at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of the Sapecho Experimental Station, located in the municipality of Palos Blancos in the department of La Paz, with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of three antibiotics and three fungicides in the introduction and establishment of the banana (Musa acuminata) Grand Nain variety. The antibiotics used were Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol, while the fungicides used were Benlate, Ridomil and Cuprocol in different doses. The three antibiotics were added to the introduction culture medium, while the fungicides were applied by submerging the explants before planting in the culture medium. For data analysis, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with nine treatments and three replicates. For the comparison of means, Fisher's test was applied at 5% probability. The variables evaluated were: total contamination and explant survival. After 45 days of in vitro culture, there were highly significant effects on fungal contamination (mean 33.3%) and bacterial contamination (48.1%). In the survival variable (mean 46%), there were significant differences in the fungicide x antibiotic interaction. The use of the antibiotic Erythromycin in combination with the fungicide Cuprocol in the introduction and establishment of banana allows the reduction of losses due to bacterial and fungal contamination. In addition, according to the results observed, treatments T1 and T4 presented the highest percentage of contamination (77.8%), and the treatment with the highest percentage of survival was T6 (100%).

Condição de luz, vedação dos frascos e tempo de cultivo na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial in vitro de Dendrobium nobile lindl.

Abstract One of the obstacles for the production of Orchidaceae plants is the seed propagation. Thus, in in vitro cultivation, luminosity and the type of sealing of the bottles are factors that influence germination and initial development of orchids. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the light condition, the type of sealing of the bottles and the evaluation time in germination and initial in vitro development of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. After sowing, cultures were subjected to two irradiance conditions according to the sealing of the flasks: 7.0 µmol m-2 s-1 (threaded cap) and 19.0 µmol m-2 s-1 (plastic film) and two light conditions: white fluorescent lamp and red fluorescent lamp. At 30, 60 and 90 days, the percentage of germination, survival, of protocorms in stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 and stage were evaluated 4. DIC was used, in a sub-divided plot scheme for 30 and 60 days after sowing and in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme at 90 days. The highest germination percentage was observed when using white fluorescent lamp with a plastic film cover (70.33%) and at 30 days (70.13%). The highest survival percentage (100%) was observed when using plastic film cover and white fluorescent lamp at 90 days. The greatest development of propagules, reaching stage 4 was verified in the red fluorescent lamp with threaded cap (9.55%).

Growth performance of planted mangrove seedlings on an intertidal area of the Bali Sea

Mangrove ecosystems have various services, one of them being a barrier to strong waves and seawater currents. Growing mangroves in the physical environment with sandy soil, high differences between high and low tides, big waves, and strong seawater currents such as in the Bali Sea under a highway interchange is not easy. To cope with this kind of less-understood environmental condition, the experiment planting was done by applying three kinds of planting techniques: mangrove incubator (guludan), strip line planting, and cluster planting using the mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) seedlings having sufficient tolerance to high salinity and sandy soils. Two months after planting, the tree planting techniques showed a high percentage of survival of planted seedlings (PSS=100%) and well healthy growing performance of seedlings (no infected by pest and disease), the average increments of seedling stem diameter ranged from 0.73 to 1.15 mm, height ranged from 8.70 to 10.98 cm, and the number of leaves ranged from 1.08 to 1.45 pieces in a month. Furthermore, the best planting technique was the mangrove incubator (guludan) in terms of stem diameter growth, while the strip line and cluster techniques were the best in terms of seedling height growth.

Effect of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Micropropagation of Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep

Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep is a plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, widely distributed in Asian countries like China, Thailand, India and Vietnam. In traditional oriental medicine, this plant is usually used to treat hemorrhage, heavy menstruation, poor digestion, rheumatism and bone/joint pain (tuberous roots). This research article presents the results of in vitro growth experiments on S.thorelii Gagnep using tubers as explants. The samples are grown in MS media enriched with BAP growth stimulant concentrations of 5.0 mg L−1 and a kinetin concentration of 4.0 mg L−1, yielding 5.55 ± 0.59 and 5.48 ± 0.87 shoots/explants, respectively. Once the plants reached a height of 3.0–4.0 cm, we inoculated 2.0–3.0 leaves with a MS rapid proliferation medium treated with BAP or NAA growth agents alone or in combination. The most shoots (7.54 ± 0.79 shoots/explants) were produced by the medium enhanced with 3.0 mg L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg L−1 NAA after 8 weeks of cultivation. The greatest root/shoot induction of 26.17 ± 1.5 was achieved with the medium that had been treated with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg L−1 IBA, which was prepared using the MS media that was administered alone or in combination with NAA and IBA for in vitro shoot rooting. Highest percentage of survival (100%) was observed when tissue cultured plantlets were acclimatized in soil:sand:compost (1:1:1).

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Probiotics and Prebiotics on Growth, Physiological Condition, and Resistance to Pathogens Challenge in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the probiotic Betaplus® and prebiotic Technomos® as feed additives for Nile tilapia in terms of growth performance, health profiles, and resistance to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. A total of 960 healthy juvenile Nile tilapia (1.5 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into four experimental variants with three replicates for each variant. Fish were fed a commercial diet (control group, V0), supplemented with BetaPlus® probiotics–1% × BW (V1), TechnoMos® prebiotics–1% × BW (V2), and with BetaPlus® probiotics and TechnoMos® prebiotics in a ratio of 1:1% × BW (V3). Results on growth performance showed the best values in the probiotic variant, correlated with the health profile and the relative survival percentage after the challenge test with A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens. Similarly, the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics on physiological conditions also recorded beneficial results in the synbiotic variant, where a high survival percentage was obtained after infection with the two pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation with feed additives consisting of mentioned probiotics, prebiotic, and their combination as synbiotics has the potential to promote growth performance, improving tilapia immunity and increasing survival after the challenge test.