Higher Odds Of Seropositivity Research Articles

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis of goats in herds of Michoacan, Mexico

Our objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of Brucella melitensis, and to identify some risk factors associated with goat seropositivity in Michoacan, Mexico. Blood samples were collected from 5114 animals from 79 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against B. melitensis using the Rose Bengal plate test and the complement-fixation test. Information regarding the herds and each animal sampled were recorded through a personal interview at the farm. We used random-effects multivariable logistic regression to analyze our data. Fifty-six herds of the 79 tested had at least one seropositive animal. The animal-level true seroprevalence was 9.8% (CI = 8.8, 10.7). Animals in large herds (>34 animals), in herds with high stock density (>3.5 animals/m 2) or animals >24 months old had higher odds of seropositivity (2.0, 1.7 and 1.8, respectively) than those in small herds, in herds with low stock density or animals ≤24 months old.

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii and anti- Neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum in dogs of the city of Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil. For this purpose, 286 blood samples were collected from dogs during the rabies vaccination campaign, in September 2003, and on this occasion questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects of the infections were given to each dog owner. The sera were analyzed for anti- T. gondii and anti- N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests. Of the total of 286 dogs, 129 were positive for T. gondii (titer ⩾ 16) with a prevalence value of 45.1% (95% CI = 39.24–51.07%). For N. caninum, 24 dogs were positive (titer ⩾ 50), with a prevalence value of 8.4% (95% CI = 5.45–12.23%). Antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum were found simultaneously in 14 dogs (4.9%; 95% CI = 2.7–8.08%). For T. gondii infection, the risk factors associated with seroprevalence was the age of the animals, with dogs older than one year presenting higher values of odds ratio, and co-habitation of cats in the household. For N. caninum infection, dogs that have street contact had higher odds of seropositivity than dogs that remained exclusively in a domestic environment.

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in beef cattle herds of Yucatan, Mexico

The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in a population of non-vaccinated beef cattle in the livestock region of Yucatan, Mexico and to determine potential risk factors related to the seroprevalence. Also, we estimated the intraherd correlation ( r e) and design effect ( D) of IBR seropositivity. Cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. Blood samples were collected from 564 animals from 35 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against IBR using the serum-neutralisation test. Information regarding the herd and each animal sampled were recorded through a personal interview with the farmer or farm manager. The data were analysed using fixed-effects logistic multiple regression. Thirty-four of the 35 herds had at least one seropositive animal. The animal true seroprevalence was 54.4%. Animals in large herds or in production had higher odds of seropositivity than those in small herds or growing. The r e and D were 0.17 and 3.62, respectively.

Seroprevalences to Toxoplasma gondii in privately-owned dogs in Taiwan

The prevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in pet dogs in Taiwan were measured by using both a kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. A logistic regression model with five factors (sex, age, weight, breed, domain) was analyzed. Pet dogs ( n=658) had seroprevalence of 7.9%, and had IgG and IgM geometric mean titers of 1:50 and 1:31, respectively. Older or heavier pet dogs had higher odds of seropositivity than younger or lighter dogs. Also, mixed-breed dogs had higher odds of seropositivity than pure-bred dogs.