High Occupancy Research Articles

Reuse of mixed masonry wastes in plastering mortars

According to Eurostat statistics, the volume of waste collected is constantly increasing, the amount of waste produced in Europe in 2020 reaching 2151 million tons. In the European Union, the most waste-producing activity is construction and demolition, accounting for 37.1% of the total waste produced in 2020. This type of waste has a high occupancy rate. This article proposes the reuse of mixed masonry waste in the production of plaster mortars. The maximum amount of mixed masonry waste used in the experiment was 35%, partially replacing the aggregate component. The physical and mechanical characteristics that have been measured in the experimental program may be divided into two categories: characteristics of mortars in fresh state (apparent density, consistency) and in hardened state (bending strength, compressive strength and adhesion to the support layer). In order to highlight the influence of the addition of waste on the composition and on the evolution of the mechanical properties of the studied mortars, the experimental program was distributed over 3, 7 and 28 days. The results showed an increase in the mechanical strength of mortars containing mixed masonry waste compared to standard mortar. Mixed masonry waste can be a substitute for raw materials in the production of new types of plaster mortars and contributes to the reduction of the resulting waste by recycling and reuse. The experimental program will be continued with microscopic investigations using modern investigation methods, to highlight the behaviour of mortars with masonry waste, and to identify the correct proportion of waste that can be used in mortar networks so as not to affect the characteristics required by the acting norms.

0294 Sleep Quality Ratings Predict Disagreement Between Daily Objective and Subjective Evaluations of Total Sleep Time in Firefighters

Abstract Introduction Accurate sleep assessment in firefighters is necessary to predict risk for error and also to identify sleep disorders like shift work disorder. Unfortunately, the primary tools for sleep assessment, actigraphy and sleep diaries, are sometimes discordant leaving interpretation of sleep unclear. This analysis sought to examine determinants of daily discrepancies between actigraphy and sleep diaries in firefighters to further understand the validity of these measures in an on-call, high risk occupation. Methods Daily sleep observations (n = 329) were collected from 60 firefighters over the course of a 6-day recovery period after working 5 non-consecutive 24-hour shifts (5/6 tour). Firefighter subjective sleep was measured using the consensus sleep diary, and objective sleep was measured via wrist-worn actigraphy (Actiwatch-2). Mixed linear modeling (MLM) was employed with purposeful selection of covariates to test which day-level variables (day of recovery, emotional state, sleep quality rating) and person-level variables (burnout, age, gender, minority status) best predicted disagreement in total sleep time (TST) between the sleep diary and actigraphy. Results The best-fitting model indicated that TST incongruency (subjective > objective) occurred on days when individuals reported better sleep quality than their own average (Estimate = 19.87, SE = 5.02, p < .001), more feelings of restfulness than their own average (Estimate = 22.70, SE = 4.77, p < .001), less objective TST than their average (Estimate = -.37, SE = .04, p < .001) and for persons with higher duration subjective TST (Estimate = 1.02, SE = .07) and lower duration objective TST (Estimate = -1.00, SE = .08, p < .001). Neither burnout nor daily emotions predicted discrepancies in the two methods of assessment. Conclusion Employees most at-risk for potential overestimation of sleep duration were those that habitually received less objective TST or who habitually reported more TST. A discrepancy in measurement occurred on days when employees reported better-than-usual sleep quality and restfulness after sleep. These robust findings demonstrated that positive perception of sleep quality is a potential indicator of sleep overestimation in firefighters. Further research is necessary to examine the short- and long-term consequences of sleep overestimation in this occupation. Support (if any) #1R01HL117995-01A1

The Association of Bedside Nurse Staffing on Patient Outcomes and Throughput in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

AbstractHealth care throughput is the progression of patients from admission to discharge, limited by bed occupancy and hospital capacity. This study examines heart center throughput, cascading effects of limited beds, transfer delays, and nursing staffing on outcomes utilizing elective surgery cancellation during the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic wave. This study was a retrospective single-center study of staffing, adverse events, and transfers. The study period was January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 with the SARS-CoV-2 period March to May 2020. There were 2,589 patients, median age 5 months (6 days–4 years), 1,543 (60%) surgical and 1,046 (40%) medical. Mortality was 3.9% (n = 101), median stay 5 days (3–11 days), median 1:1 nurse staffing 40% (33–48%), median occupancy 54% (43–65%) for step-down unit, and 81% (74–85%) for cardiac intensive care unit. Every 10% increase in step-down unit occupancy had a 0.5-day increase in cardiac intensive care unit stay (p = 0.044), 2.1% increase in 2-day readmission (p = 0.023), and 2.6% mortality increase (p < 0.001). Every 10% increase in cardiac intensive care unit occupancy had 3.4% increase in surgical delay (p = 0.016), 6.5% increase in transfer delay (p = 0.020), and a 15% increase in total reported adverse events (p < 0.01). Elective surgery cancellation is associated with reduced high occupancy days (23–10%, p < 0.001), increased 1:1 nursing (34–55%, p < 0.001), decreased transfer delays (19–4%, p = 0.008), and decreased mortality (3.7–1.5%, p = 0.044). In conclusion, Elective surgery cancellation was associated with increased 1:1 nursing and decreased mortality. Increased cardiac step-down unit occupancy was associated with longer cardiac intensive care unit stay, increased transfer, and surgical delays.

CoN1 O2 Single-Atom Catalyst for Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation and Selective Cobalt(IV)=O Generation.

High-valent metal-oxo (HVMO) species are powerful non-radical reactive species that enhance advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) due to their long half-lives and high selectivity towards recalcitrant water pollutants with electron-donating groups. However, high-valent cobalt-oxo (CoIV =O) generation is challenging in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based AOPs because the high 3d-orbital occupancy of cobalt would disfavor its binding with a terminal oxygen ligand. Herein, we propose a strategy to construct isolated Co sites with unique N1 O2 coordination on the Mn3 O4 surface. The asymmetric N1 O2 configuration is able to accept electrons from the Co 3d-orbital, resulting in significant electronic delocalization at Co sites for promoted PMS adsorption, dissociation and subsequent generation of CoIV =O species. CoN1 O2 /Mn3 O4 exhibits high intrinsic activity in PMS activation and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation, highly outperforming its counterpart with a CoO3 configuration, carbon-based single-atom catalysts with CoN4 configuration, and commercial cobalt oxides. CoIV =O species effectively oxidize the target contaminants via oxygen atom transfer to produce low-toxicity intermediates. These findings could advance the mechanistic understanding of PMS activation at the molecular level and guide the rational design of efficient environmental catalysts.

A Monte Carlo Assessment of the Effect of Different Ventilation Strategies to Mitigate the COVID-19 Contagion Risk in Educational Buildings

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has increased the general awareness of the importance of proper ventilation in the indoor environment to reduce the contagion risk. In particular, attention has been paid to specific categories of buildings, such as schools, due to two factors: (1) high occupancy density and (2) the presence of young and sometimes more susceptible people. Despite the high level of alertness towards the ventilation of classrooms, robust analyses of the effectiveness of the different strategies to mitigate the contagion risk have been difficult to perform. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and many factors, such as the presence of multiple viral strains, use of facial masks, progression in vaccination, and installation of air purifiers and other sanitization devices, make it difficult to fully quantify the impact of room ventilation by simply analysing available monitoring data. Moreover, mitigation strategies related to ventilation are often dynamic, increasing the complexity of the problem to assess. In this framework, this work proposes a new Monte Carlo method integrated with building performance simulation to evaluate the number of infected occupants under different scenarios, considering also the dynamic boundary conditions. The described approach has been applied to a case study classroom at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, analysing almost 100 different scenarios and discussing the effectiveness of different ventilation strategies traditionally adopted to ensure suitable IAQ according to CO2 concentration limits. Results highlight the importance of combining different solutions (e.g., mixed-mode ventilation and facial masks) to limit the risk for both students and lecturers.

Inducer-free recombinant protein production in Trichoderma reesei: secretory production of endogenous enzymes and heterologous nanobodies using glucose as the sole carbon source

BackgroundThe filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has been used as a host organism for the production of lignocellulosic biomass-degrading enzymes. Although this microorganism has high potential for protein production, it has not yet been widely used for heterologous recombinant protein production. Transcriptional induction of the cellulase genes is essential for high-level protein production in T. reesei; however, glucose represses this transcriptional induction. Therefore, cellulose is commonly used as a carbon source for providing its degraded sugars such as cellobiose, which act as inducers to activate the strong promoters of the major cellulase (cellobiohydrolase 1 and 2 (cbh1 and cbh2) genes. However, replacement of cbh1 and/or cbh2 with a gene encoding the protein of interest (POI) for high productivity and occupancy of recombinant proteins remarkably impairs the ability to release soluble inducers from cellulose, consequently reducing the production of POI. To overcome this challenge, we first used an inducer-free biomass-degrading enzyme expression system, previously developed to produce cellulases and hemicellulases using glucose as the sole carbon source, for recombinant protein production using T. reesei.ResultsWe chose endogenous secretory enzymes and heterologous camelid small antibodies (nanobody) as model proteins. By using the inducer-free strain as a parent, replacement of cbh1 with genes encoding two intrinsic enzymes (aspartic protease and glucoamylase) and three different nanobodies (1ZVH, caplacizumab, and ozoralizumab) resulted in their high secretory productions using glucose medium without inducers such as cellulose. Based on signal sequences (carrier polypeptides) and protease inhibitors, additional replacement of cbh2 with the nanobody gene increased the percentage of POI to about 20% of total secreted proteins in T. reesei. This allowed the production of caplacizumab, a bivalent nanobody, to be increased to 9.49-fold (508 mg/L) compared to the initial inducer-free strain.ConclusionsIn general, whereas the replacement of major cellulase genes leads to extreme decrease in the degradation capacity of cellulose, our inducer-free system enabled it and achieved high secretory production of POI with increased occupancy in glucose medium. This system would be a novel platform for heterologous recombinant protein production in T. reesei.

Enhanced methane production from the co-digestion of food waste and thermally hydrolyzed sludge filtrate

Although many technologies can be applied to sewage sludge (SS) and food waste (FW) treatment, high investment and operational costs, high land occupation, and the “not-in-my-backyard” effect pose many challenges in practice. Thus, it is important to develop and utilize low-carbon or negative-carbon technologies to tackle the carbon problem. This paper proposes a method of anaerobic co-digestion of FW and SS, thermally hydrolyzed sludge (THS), or THS filtrate (THF) to enhance their methane potential. Compared to the co-digestion of SS with FW, the methane yield of the co-digestion of THS and FW was 9.7–69.7% higher, and that of the co-digestion of THF and FW was 11.1–101.1% higher. The synergistic effect was weakened with the addition of THS but enhanced with the addition of THF, potentially owing to the change in humic substances. Filtration removed most humic acids (HAs) from THS but retained fulvic acids (FAs) in THF. Moreover, THF produced 71.4% of the methane yield of THS, although only 25% of the organic matter permeated from THS to THF. This indicated that hardly biodegradable substances remained in the dewatering cake and were removed from anaerobic digestion systems. The results indicate that the co-digestion of THF and FW is an effective way to enhance methane production.

Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in the German Population.

Early during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, national population-based seroprevalence surveys were conducted in some countries; however, this was not done in Germany. In particular, no seroprevalence surveys were planned for the summer of 2022. In the context of the IMMUNEBRIDGE project, the GUIDE study was carried out to estimate seroprevalence on the national and regional levels. To obtain an overview of the population-wide immunity against SARS-CoV-2 among adults in Germany that would be as statistically robust as possible, serological tests were carried out using self-sampling dried blood spot cards in conjunction with surveys, one by telephone and one online. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to the S and N antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Among the 15 932 participants, antibodies to the S antigen were detected in 95.7%, and to the N antigen in 44.4%. In the higher-risk age groups of persons aged 65 and above and persons aged 80 and above, anti-S antibodies were found in 97,4% and 98.8%, respectively. Distinct regional differences in the distribution of anti-S and anti-N antibodies emerged. Immunity gaps were found both regionally and in particular subgroups of the population. High anti-N antibody levels were especially common in eastern German states, and high anti-S antibody levels in western German states. These findings indicate that a large percentage of the adult German population has formed antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This will markedly lower the probability of an overburdening of the health care system by hospitalization and high occupancy of intensive care units due to future SARS-CoV-2 waves, depending on the viral characteristics of then prevailing variants.

Highly host-linked viromes in the built environment possess habitat-dependent diversity and functions for potential virus-host coevolution

Viruses in built environments (BEs) raise public health concerns, yet they are generally less studied than bacteria. To better understand viral dynamics in BEs, this study assesses viromes from 11 habitats across four types of BEs with low to high occupancy. The diversity, composition, metabolic functions, and lifestyles of the viromes are found to be habitat dependent. Caudoviricetes species are ubiquitous on surface habitats in the BEs, and some of them are distinct from those present in other environments. Antimicrobial resistance genes are identified in viruses inhabiting surfaces frequently touched by occupants and in viruses inhabiting occupants’ skin. Diverse CRISPR/Cas immunity systems and anti-CRISPR proteins are found in bacterial hosts and viruses, respectively, consistent with the strongly coupled virus–host links. Evidence of viruses potentially aiding host adaptation in a specific-habitat manner is identified through a unique gene insertion. This work illustrates that virus–host interactions occur frequently in BEs and that viruses are integral members of BE microbiomes.

Anionic Phospholipids Shift the Conformational Equilibrium of the Selectivity Filter in the KcsA Channel to the Conductive Conformation: Predicted Consequences on Inactivation.

Here, we report an allosteric effect of an anionic phospholipid on a model K+ channel, KcsA. The anionic lipid in mixed detergent-lipid micelles specifically induces a change in the conformational equilibrium of the channel selectivity filter (SF) only when the channel inner gate is in the open state. Such change consists of increasing the affinity of the channel for K+, stabilizing a conductive-like form by maintaining a high ion occupancy in the SF. The process is highly specific in several aspects: First, lipid modifies the binding of K+, but not that of Na+, which remains unperturbed, ruling out a merely electrostatic phenomenon of cation attraction. Second, no lipid effects are observed when a zwitterionic lipid, instead of an anionic one, is present in the micelles. Lastly, the effects of the anionic lipid are only observed at pH 4.0, when the inner gate of KcsA is open. Moreover, the effect of the anionic lipid on K+ binding to the open channel closely emulates the K+ binding behaviour of the non-inactivating E71A and R64A mutant proteins. This suggests that the observed increase in K+ affinity caused by the bound anionic lipid should result in protecting the channel against inactivation.

Dispersal ability and niche breadth influence interspecific variation in spider abundance and occupancy.

The relationship between species local abundance and their regional distribution (occupancy) is one of the most extensively recognized and investigated patterns in ecology. While exceptions exist, the generally held model is that locally abundant species also tend to be more widespread geographically. However, there is only a limited understanding of both the mechanisms driving this relationship, and their scale dependency. Here we use occupancy and abundance data for 123 species of spider from across the Canary Islands to understand how both dispersal ability and niche breadth might mediate variation among species for local abundance and occupancy. We test the predictions that (i) dispersal ability explains variation among species for both abundance and occupancy, and (ii) species with a higher degree of habitat specialization, reflecting more limited niche breadth, will have both higher occupancy and abundance. We find no evidence within habitat patches for an effect of dispersal ability on either local abundance or site occupancy, while across all patches species with higher dispersal ability tend to occupy more sites. Species largely restricted to laurel forests have higher abundance than species with broader niche breadth, but similar occupancy. The study revealed that dispersal ability and niche breadth were significant predictors of the abundance-occupancy relationship, highlighting the importance of both factors for understanding patterns of abundance and occupancy among spider species.

Co-transcriptional genome surveillance by HUSH is coupled to termination machinery

The HUSH complex recognizes and silences foreign DNA such as viruses, transposons, and transgenes without prior exposure to its targets. Here, we show that endogenous targets of the HUSH complex fall into two distinct classes based on the presence or absence of H3K9me3. These classes are further distinguished by their transposon content and differential response to the loss of HUSH. A de novo genomic rearrangement at the Sox2 locus induces a switch from H3K9me3-independent to H3K9me3-associated HUSH targeting, resulting in silencing. We further demonstrate that HUSH interacts with the termination factor WDR82 and-via its component MPP8-with nascent RNA. HUSH accumulates at sites of high RNAPII occupancy including long exons and transcription termination sites in a manner dependent on WDR82 and CPSF. Together, our results uncover the functional diversity of HUSH targets and show that this vertebrate-specific complex exploits evolutionarily ancient transcription termination machinery for co-transcriptional chromatin targeting and genome surveillance.

Research on Insulator Defect Detection System Based on Edge Intelligence

The paper aims at the problems of the high occupancy rate of communication resources and heavy server load caused by the image data taken during the inspection of the substation and sent to the remote server for processing. An edge intelligent inspection data processing architecture is constructed, and an insulator defect detection model based on transfer learning and YOLO v5 is proposed. The model can meet the training of a small sample network model in the case of scarcity of power equipment defect data. The proposed algorithm is compared with typical target detection algorithms, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has an excellent performance in model recognition accuracy and recall rate. The trained insulator defect detection model is further deployed on the developed edge intelligent terminal for testing, and its image processing speed can meet the image processing requirements for intelligent inspection of substations. The system has good application value.

Codistribution as an indicator of whole metacommunity response to environmental change

The landscape scale response of ecological communities to environmental drivers can be challenging to efficiently summarise and differentiate from expected background turnover through time. Metacommunity structure can be encapsulated by fitting joint species distribution models (JSDMs) and partitioning the variance explained into environmental, spatial and species‐codistribution components. Here we identify how these components respond through time with directed environmental change and propose these changes in metacommunity structure as an indicator of sustained directional pressure. Through simulations, we identify how declines in the variation explained by species codistribution could diagnose ecological disintegration, while increases in the explanatory power of environmental and spatial predictors may indicate losses in peripheral areas and dispersal limitations. We then test these results in two well‐studied systems. Butterflies are known to be strongly responding to climate change, and we show that over 21 years the codistribution component declines for butterfly communities in southern England. By contrast, birds in the same region are thought to be responding less strongly to climatic pressure and, despite high occupancy turnover, do not show clear changes in metacommunity structure as measured by this approach. Our results suggest that these approaches could have a high potential to summarise and compare the impacts of external drivers on whole communities.

Abundance and occupancy of the western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) in Sonora, Mexico

Unveiling factors that determine abundance and distribution of endangered wildlife species has important implications for their conservation across international boundaries. For instance, the Western Distinct Population (as defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) of the yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) has disappeared in most of the species’ range across western United States and southwestern Canada but little is known about the conservation status at the southern edge of its breeding distribution in Mexico. To fill this information gap, we estimated abundance and occupancy rates of yellow-billed cuckoos using a standard broadcast call survey protocol. We used Bayesian spatial count models to estimate cuckoo population density at survey sites. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate the effects of geography, climate, and vegetation on occupancy rates while accounting for imperfect detection. Mean cuckoo count per transect for all sites was [Formula: see text] = 9.00 ± 0.45 cuckoos. Overall cuckoo density was [Formula: see text] = 13.18 cuckoos/km2( SD([Formula: see text]) = 5.61 cuckoos/km2). Overall cuckoo occupancy in Sonora was [Formula: see text] = 0.538 (95% credible interval ( ψ) = 0.488–0.600), but showed strong geographic variation. Relatively high occupancy levels suggest yellow-billed cuckoo populations in Sonora may be robust, but they are largely reliant on declining high-tree cover.

Approaching transform-limited photons from nanowire quantum dots using excitation above the band gap

We demonstrate that, even when employing above band gap excitation, photons emitted from semiconductor quantum dots can have linewidths that approach their transform-limited values. This is accomplished by using quantum dots embedded within bottom-up photonic nanowires, an approach which mitigates several potential mechanisms that can result in linewidth broadening: (i) Only a single quantum dot is present in each device, (ii) dot nucleation proceeds without the formation of a wetting layer, and (iii) the sidewalls of the photonic nanowire are comprised not of etched facets, but of epitaxially grown crystal planes. Using these structures we achieve linewidths of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ the transform limit for above band gap excitation. We also demonstrate a highly nonlinear dependence of the linewidth on both excitation power and temperature which can be described by an independent boson model that considers both deformation and piezoelectric exciton-phonon coupling. We find that for sufficiently low excitation powers and temperatures, the observed excess broadening is not dominated by phonon dephasing, a surprising result considering the high phonon occupation that occurs with above band gap excitation.

A Dynamic Occupancy Model for Interacting Species with Two Spatial Scales

AbstractOccupancy models have been extended to account for either multiple spatial scales or species interactions in a dynamic setting. However, as interacting species (e.g., predators and prey) often operate at different spatial scales, including nested spatial structure might be especially relevant to models of interacting species. Here we bridge these two model frameworks by developing a multi-scale, two-species occupancy model. The model is dynamic, i.e. it estimates initial occupancy, colonization and extinction probabilities—including probabilities conditional to the other species’ presence. With a simulation study, we demonstrate that the model is able to estimate most parameters without marked bias under low, medium and high average occupancy probabilities, as well as low, medium and high detection probabilities, with only a small bias for some parameters in low-detection scenarios. We further evaluate the model’s ability to deal with sparse field data by applying it to a multi-scale camera trapping dataset on a mustelid-rodent predator–prey system. Most parameters are estimated with low uncertainty (i.e. narrow posterior distributions). More broadly, our model framework creates opportunities to explicitly account for the spatial structure found in many spatially nested study designs, and to study interacting species that have contrasting movement ranges with camera traps.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.

Identification of potentially high drug-like VEGFR2/c-Met dual-target type II kinase inhibitors with symmetric skeletons based on structural screening

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and c-Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) are tyrosine kinase receptors associated with the occurrence of malignant tumors. Studies have shown that inhibition of VEGFR2 promotes a feedback increase in c-Met, a mechanism linked to the emergence of resistance to VEGFR2 inhibitors. Therefore, treatment targeting both VEGFR2 and c-Met will have better application prospects. In this study, hierarchical virtual screening was performed on ZINC15, Molport and Mcule-ULTIMATE databases to identify potential VEGFR2/c-Met dual inhibitors. Firstly, the best pharmacophore model for each target was used to cross-screen the three databases, and the compounds that could match the two pharmacophore models were then retained based on the Fit Value of the respective crystal ligands. Compounds ZINC, MOL, and MLB named after their database sources were retained by binding pattern analysis and docking assessment. ADMET predictions indicated that ZINC had significantly higher oral bioavailability compared to the approved drug cabozantinib. This is likely due to ZINC's unique symmetrical backbone with less structure complexity, which may reduce the occurrence of adverse effects. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis showed that all three hit compounds were able to stably bind at the active site, but only ZINC could form high occupancy of hydrogen bonds with both VEGFR2 and c-Met, and also only ZINC had a higher binding free energy than crystal ligands, suggesting that ZINC was the most likely potential VEGFR2/c-Met dual-target inhibitor. This finding provides a promising starting point for the development of VEGFR2/c-Met dual-target inhibitors. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

COVID-19 and employee job performance trajectories: The moderating effect of different sources of status.

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee job performance trajectories, and further examines the moderating effects of different sources of status. Drawing from event system theory (EST), we propose that employee job performance decreases upon COVID-19 onset, but gradually increases during the postonset period. Furthermore, we argue that status from society, occupation, and workplace functions to moderate such performance trajectories. We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset of 708 employees that combines survey responses and job performance archival data over 21 consecutive months (10,808 observations) spanning the preonset, onset, and postonset periods of the initial encounter with COVID-19 in China. Utilizing discontinuous growth modeling (DGM), our findings indicate that the onset of COVID-19 created an immediate decrease in job performance, but such decrease was weakened by higher occupation and/or workplace status. However, the postonset period resulted in a positive employee job performance trajectory, which was strengthened for employees with lower occupational status. These findings enrich our understanding of COVID-19's impact on employee job performance trajectories, highlight the role of status in moderating such changes over time, and also provide practical implications to understand employee performance when facing such a crisis.

Simultaneously enhanced photon blockades in two microwave cavities via driving a giant atom

We propose a scheme to enhance photon blockades simultaneously in two microwave cavities connected by a giant atom. In the case that only one cavity is weakly driven, we observe that the enhanced photon blockades occur in both cavities at the same time, which is attributed to the anharmonic eigenenergy spectrum constructed by the resonantly coupled giant atom. When the cavity and the atom are simultaneously driven, the stronger photon blockades in two cavities can be successfully achieved by the destructive quantum interference of two-photon excitation. Interestingly, we find that high single-photon occupations can be obtained in both cases. Moreover, we give the optimal conditions for conventional and unconventional photon blockades through analytical calculations, which are in good agreement with numerical results. Our scheme opens a prospective path to achieve simultaneous photon blockades in two indirectly coupled cavities, and provides a promising method to generate the high-quality and brightness single photon source.