Higher Number Of Passes Research Articles

EFFECT OF ARB PROCESS ON WEAR RESISTANCE, PLAN STRESS FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FORMING LIMIT DIAGRAMS OF LAMINATED Al/SiC COMPOSITES

In this study, liquid casting process is used to fabricate AA1050/SiC composites. To increase the wettability of molten Al and improve the adhesion of particles to metallic matrix, liquid casting was selected as the fabrication process. AA1050 and Nano-SiC particles were selected as metallic matrix and reinforcements, respectively. Then, wear, mechanical properties, fracture toughness and forming limit diagram of (FLD) of aluminum composite samples have been investigated experimentally. To do this, AA1050/SiC composite strips with thickness of 1 mm have been fabricated up to eight ARB passes at 300∘C. The graining was investigated via optical microscopy (OM). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of samples improved to 170 MPa registering 168% improvement than the initial monolithic sample. Also, the bonding quality among the layers improved by decreasing the thickness of layers at higher number of passes (increasing the plastic strain). SEM fracture surface morphology of samples after the tensile test showed that by increasing the ARB passes, shear ductile was the fracture mode. So, deep dimples are shrinking slowly relative to the annealed sample. The FLDs’ area dropped sharply for pass 1 and then improved at higher passes as the criterion of formability. Also, wear resistance of composite samples was better than monolithic sample. Moreover, at the 10th pass, the fracture toughness enhanced to the maximum value of 33.5 MPam[Formula: see text].

Predictors of parenchymal hematoma and clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large ischemic core due to large vessel occlusion: a retrospective multicenter study.

The aim of our study was to find predictors of parenchymal hematoma (PH) and clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and baseline large infarct. The databases of 16 stroke centers were retrospectively screened for patients with anterior circulation LVO and baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) ≤5 that received MT. Procedural parameters, including the number of passes during first and second technique of MT, were recorded. Outcome measures were occurrence of PH type 2 and any type of PH after MT, and the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-3 and 0-2. In total, 408 patients were available for analysis. A higher number of passes in the second technique was predictive of PH type 2 (odds ratio (OR) - 3.204, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.140 to 9.005), whereas procedure conducted under general anesthesia was associated with lower risk (OR 0.127, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.808). The modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade 2c-3 was associated with the mRS score 0-3 (OR 3.373, 95% CI 1.891 to 6.017), whereas occurrence of PH type 2 was predictive of unfavorable outcome (OR 0.221, 95% CI 0.063 to 0.773). Similar results were found for the mRS score 0-2 outcome measure. In patients with large ischemic core, a higher number of passes during MT and procedure not conducted under general anesthesia are associated with increased rate of PH type 2, that negatively impact the clinical outcome. Our data outline a delicate balance between the need of a complete recanalization and the risk of PH following MT.

The effects of acute caffeine ingestion on decision-making and pass accuracy in young soccer players: A preliminary randomized controlled trial

Caffeine has been shown to benefit physical aspects of different sports. In this paper, we aimed to understand the effects of caffeine on decision-making and the accuracy of soccer passes. Twelve young soccer players (16–17 years old and 20.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2 BMI) completed the tasks once after taking 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine (CAF) and once after consuming similar amounts of placebo (PLA). For the decision-making task, participants were asked to determine the best outcome of ten simulated pre-recorded soccer events. For the soccer pass accuracy, participants performed five short- (10 m) and five long passes (30 m), as well as the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. Although not statistically significant, participants were 1.67 % more accurate in short- and 13.48 % more accurate in long passes when they consumed caffeine compared to the placebo (14.67 ± 2.74 vs. 14.50 ± 2.97, p = 0.34, g = 0.27 and 7.50 ± 2.84 vs. 6.83 ± 3.13, p = 0.60, g = 0.14, respectively). However, participants' decision-making was 7.14 % and LSPT scores were 3.49 % lower when they consumed caffeine compared to the placebo (29.50 ± 3.09 vs. 30.67 ± 2.93, p = 0.28, g = −0.30 and 55.38 ± 11.91 vs. 57.48 ± 12.13, p = 0.08, g = −0.51 respectively). In conclusion, while the short pass accuracy remained consistent among almost all participants before and after caffeine consumption, the performance varied in the case of long passes. Moreover, most of the participants scored lower on decision-making and LSPT after consuming caffeine. This may suggest that more complex tasks with a higher number of passes might negatively be affected by low doses of caffeine ingested one hour before playing soccer. Future studies are required to elucidate the effects of caffeine consumption on distinct cognitive and passing tasks.

ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES, FORMING LIMIT DIAGRAMS AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF LAMINATED Al/Fe2O3 COMPOSITES

In this study, electrophysical, electromagnetic and mechanical properties, fracture toughness and forming limit diagram (FLD) of Al base composite samples have been studied experimentally. All samples have been fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. To this purpose, AA1060/ Fe2O3 composite strips with thickness of 1 mm have been fabricated with up to eight ARB passes at 300[Formula: see text]C. In this study, magnetic Al/Fe2O3 composites reinforced with 0, 5% and 10 wt.% of Fe2O3 particles have been manufactured via ARB. The microstructure was studied by optical microscopy (OM). Also, by decreasing the thickness of layers at higher number of passes (increasing the plastic strain), the bonding quality among the layers was improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture surface morphology of samples after the tensile test showed that by increasing the passes, the fracture style (mode) converted to shear ductile at higher ARB passes. So, deep dimples shrink slowly and their number and depth decreased relative to the annealed sample. As the criterion of formability, the area under the FLDs dropped sharply after the first pass and then improved by increasing the passes. Results of fracture test have shown that the value of fracture toughness has been enhanced continually to the maximum value of 34.3 MPam[Formula: see text] at the 8th pass.

An experimental investigation of fracture toughness, mechanical properties and forming limit curves of Al composites

In the present study, accumulative roll bonding is used to fabricate Al base composites with the thickness of 1 mm. then, fracture toughness, mechanical properties and forming limit diagrams (FLD) of them have been investigated versus ARB parameters experimentally. Boron nitride (BN) particles are used as reinforcements and Al/BN composites have been manufactured up to 10 accumulative rolling passes at 300°C. after the 10th pass, the strength of composite samples reached to 168 MPa registering 248% improvement than the initial AA1100 sample. Also, the bonding quality among the composite layers improved by increasing the number of passes. A uniform scattering of Boron nitride particles and bonding strength and quality was improved at higher number of passes. Moreover, the fracture mode at higher passes was observed as shear ductile that had been changed from deep dimples (for low number of passes). The area under the FLDs, dropped sharply after the first pass and then improved at higher passes, as the criterion of formability. Finally, fracture toughness enhanced to the maximum value of 30 MPam1/2 for the composite samples fabricated with 10 passes.

Thrombectomy for M2 Occlusions: Predictors of Successful and Futile Recanalization.

Patient-specific factors associated with successful recanalization in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) have been evaluated for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. However, MT for M2 occlusions is still a matter of debate, and predictors of successful and futile recanalization have not been assessed in detail. We sought to identify predictors of recanalization success in patients with M2 occlusions undergoing MT based on large-scale clinical data. All patients prospectively enrolled in the German Stroke Registry (May, 2015 to December, 2021) were screened (N=13 082). Inclusion criteria for the complete case analysis were isolated M2 occlusions. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [TICI]≥2b), complete recanalization (TICI=3) and futile recanalization (TICI≥2b with 90-day modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score >2). One thousand two hundred ninety-four patients were included, thereof 439 (33.9%) with TICI=2b and 643 (49.7%) with TICI=3. Five hundred sixty-nine (44%) patients had good functional outcome (90-day mRS score ≤2). In multivariable logistic regression, general anesthesia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47 [95% CI, 1.05-2.09]; P<0.05) was associated with higher probability of TICI≥2b while intraprocedural change from local to general anesthesia (aOR, 0.49 [0.26-0.95]; P<0.05) and higher pre-mRS (aOR, 0.75 [0.67-0.85]; P<0.001) lowered probability of successful recanalization. Futile recanalization was associated with higher age (aOR, 1.05 [1.04-1.07]; P<0.001), higher prestroke mRS (aOR, 3.12 [2.49-3.91]; P<0.001), higher NIHSS at admission (aOR, 1.11 [1.08-1.14]; P<0.001), diabetes (aOR, 1.96 [1.38-2.8]; P<0.001), higher number of passes (aOR, 1.29 [1.14-1.46]; P<0.001), and adverse events (aOR, 1.82 [1.2-2.74]; P<0.01). Higher Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (aOR, 0.85 [0.76-0.94]; P<0.01) and IV thrombolysis (aOR, 0.71 [0.52-0.97]; P<0.05) reduced risk of futile recanalization. In patients with M2 occlusions, successful recanalization was significantly associated with general anesthesia and low prestroke mRS, while intraprocedural change from conscious sedation to general anesthesia increased risk of unsuccessful recanalization, presumably caused by difficult anatomy and movement of patients in these cases. Futile recanalization was associated with severe prestroke mRS, comorbidity diabetes, number of passes and adverse events during treatment. IV thrombolysis reduced the risk of futile recanalization.

Impact of vessel tortuosity and radiological thrombus characteristics on the choice of first-line thrombectomy strategy: Results from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial.

Despite improvements in device technology, only one-third of stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) achieve first-pass effect (FPE). We investigated the effect of arterial tortuosity and thrombus characteristics on the relationship between first-line EVT strategy and angiographic outcomes. Patients with thin-slice baseline CT-angiography from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial (Efficacy and safety of nerinetide for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke) were included. Tortuosity was estimated using the tortuosity index extracted from catheter pathway, and radiological thrombus characteristics were length, non-contrast density, perviousness and hyperdense artery sign. We assessed the association of first-line EVT strategy (stent-retriever [SR] versus contact aspiration [CA] versus combined SR+CA) with FPE (eTICI score 2c/3 after one pass), final eTICI 2b/3, number of passes and procedure duration using multivariable regression. Interaction of tortuosity and thrombus characteristics with first-line technique were assessed using interaction terms. Among 520 included patients, SR as a first-line modality was used in 165 (31.7%) patients, CA in 132 (25.4%), and combined SR+CA in 223 (42.9%). FPE was observed in 166 patients (31.9%). First-line strategy was not associated with FPE. Tortuosity had a significant effect on FPE only in the CA group (aOR = 0.90 [95% CI 0.83-0.98]) compared with stent-retrievers and combined first-line approach (p interaction = 0.03). There was an interaction between thrombus length and first-line strategy for number of passes (p interaction = 0.04). Longer thrombi were associated with higher number of passes only in the CA group (acOR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00-1.06]). Our study suggests that vessel tortuosity and longer thrombi may negatively affect the performance of first-line contact aspiration catheters in acute stroke patients undergoing EVT.

Granulocytes-Rich Thrombi in Cerebral Large Vessel Occlusion Are Associated with Increased Stiffness and Poorer Revascularization Outcomes.

We aim to identify a profile of intracranial thrombus resistant to recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute stroke treatment. The first extracted clot of each MT was analyzed by flow cytometry obtaining the composition of the main leukocyte populations: granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Demographics, reperfusion treatment, and grade of recanalization were registered. MT failure (MTF) was defined as final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score IIa or lower and/or need of permanent intracranial stenting as a rescue therapy. To explore the relationship between stiffness of intracranial clots and cellular composition, unconfined compression tests were performed in other cohorts of cases. Thrombi obtained in 225 patients were analyzed. MTF were observed in 30 cases (13%). MTF was associated with atherosclerosis etiology (33.3% vs. 15.9%; p = 0.021) and higher number of passes (3 vs. 2; p < 0.001). Clot analysis of MTF showed higher percentage of granulocytes [82.46 vs. 68.90% p < 0.001] and lower percentage of monocytes [9.18% vs.17.34%, p < 0.001] in comparison to successful MT cases. The proportion of clot granulocytes (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14) remained an independent marker of MTF. Among thirty-eight clots mechanically tested, there was a positive correlation between granulocyte proportion and thrombi stiffness (Pearson's r = 0.35, p = 0.032), with a median clot stiffness of 30.2 (IQR, 18.9-42.7) kPa. Granulocytes-rich thrombi are harder to capture by mechanical thrombectomy due to increased stiffness, so a proportion of intracranial granulocytes might be useful to guide personalized endovascular procedures in acute stroke treatment.

Abstract Number ‐ 164: Clot Density as a Predictor for Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy

Introduction Switching mechanical thrombectomy techniques (ADAPT, SR or combination) mid procedure has the potential to prolong time to recanalization as well as increase associated healthcare costs. The basis of selecting the frontline technique still relies heavily on the operators’ preference. Conflicting results indicating the varying performance of techniques relative to clot composition have been reported. Clot composition can be estimated based on clot density calculated in Hounsfield Units (HU) on pre‐intervention CT. Identifying how various clot composites behave can aid in the decision making for selecting a frontline technique.Our objective is to determine if clot density as measured by Hounsfield units can predict successful recanalization with ADAPT and the need for rescue stentriever when using ADAPT as the first line technique. Methods Retrospective review of all patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with first pass ADAPT at a single urban tertiary care academic stroke center. Clot HU values were calculated on pre‐intervention scans. We evaluated the number of passes, the use of rescue SR, the post intervention TICI grade and mRS on final follow up. Results There were 167 patients that underwent MT with ADAPT as the frontline approach. 122 were excluded for inability to calculate HU on pre‐ intervention scans, most often due to contamination with contrast media. 45 patients were included in the final analysis. 18/45 (40%) required SR rescue due to incomplete recanalization with first pass ADAPT. HU were dichotomized around the mean to “high” and “low”. Higher HU value was associated higher likelihood of SR use and higher final mRS scores, these however did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in the total number of passes or the final TICI grade. AUC and ROC did not show a correlation between HU value and the use of SR or a higher number of passes need to achieve TICI ≥ 2b recanalization. Conclusions In our patient cohort, HU value was not able to predetermine the success rate of MT using ADAPT. There was no correlation between HU value and functional outcomes of patients. Reliability of clot HU value in determining MT success with ADAPT could not be established. Other factors should be considered when selecting frontline technique in mechanical thrombectomy.

S100b in acute ischemic stroke clots is a biomarker for post-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhages.

Post-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhages (PTIH) are dangerous complications of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) following mechanical thrombectomy. We aimed to investigate if S100b levels in AIS clots removed by mechanical thrombectomy correlated to increased risk of PTIH. We analyzed 122 thrombi from 80 AIS patients in the RESTORE Registry of AIS clots, selecting an equal number of patients having been pre-treated or not with rtPA (40 each group). Within each subgroup, 20 patients had developed PTIH and 20 patients showed no signs of hemorrhage. Gross photos of each clot were taken and extracted clot area (ECA) was measured using ImageJ. Immunohistochemistry for S100b was performed and Orbit Image Analysis was used for quantification. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate co-localization between S100b and T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. Chi-square or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. PTIH was associated with higher S100b levels in clots (0.33 [0.08-0.85] vs. 0.07 [0.02-0.27] mm2, H1 = 6.021, P = 0.014*), but S100b levels were not significantly affected by acute thrombolytic treatment (P = 0.386). PTIH was also associated with patients having higher NIHSS at admission (20.0 [17.0-23.0] vs. 14.0 [10.5-19.0], H1 = 8.006, P = 0.005) and higher number of passes during thrombectomy (2 [1-4] vs. 1 [1-2.5], H1 = 5.995, P = 0.014*). S100b co-localized with neutrophils, macrophages and with T-lymphocytes in the clots. Higher S100b expression in AIS clots, higher NIHSS at admission and higher number of passes during thrombectomy are all associated with PTIH. Further investigation of S100b expression in AIS clots by neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes could provide insight into the role of S100b in thromboinflammation.

Greater numbers of passes and shorter possession durations result in increased likelihood of goals in 2010 to 2018 World Cup Champions.

Data analysis in football has indicated an increased likelihood of goals with fewer passes within a possession which have resulted in recommendations of fewer passes and more direct play to score goals. These recommendations did not consider where possessions originated and appear to be contradicted by on-field playing tactics by recent championship winning clubs and national teams in elite competition. Therefore, this study examined the influence of number of passes and possession duration on the likelihood of a shot, or a goal scored during possessions originating in the defensive zone. 4465 possessions originating in the defensive zones of the French, German and Spanish Men's National teams at the 2010 to 2018 World Cups were analyzed. The possessions were analyzed for the length in time of possession (TP0.3), the number of passes completed (nPass0.425) and the number of defenders in the offensive zone. Each possession was classified whether or not a shot occurred, a goal occurred or the ball was returned back into the defensive zone. Mixed-effects multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to model the log odds of a shot, goal, or went-back occurrence at the end of each possession. The logs odds of a shot decreased by -0.29 (p = 0.036) with each pass (nPass0.425) and the log odds of a goal decreased with time of possession (TP0.3) by 1.000 (p = 0.014) and increased with number of passes by 0.775 (p = 0.046). The logs odds of the ball being returned to the defensive zone increased with more passes and greater numbers of defensive players while decreasing with a longer possession duration. The results indicate that a greater number of passes had a positive influence on goal scoring while a longer possession duration had a negative effect. The findings suggest that teams with possessions gained in the defensive zone can use a high number of passes in a short period of time can increase their likelihood of scoring goals.

Landm arks-guided Compared to Ultrasound-guided for Spinal Anesthesia In Elderly: Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is a challenging procedure, especially in the elderly population. The ultrasound-guiding is reported to provide additional information to facilitate the procedure. To date, there has been no meta-analysis in this field. The study aimed to systematically review and compile a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of ultrasound-guiding compared to the palpation of anatomical landmarks in spinal anesthesia procedures performed for elderly patients. Methods: A systematic literature search from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrial.gov was conducted to find randomized controlled trials study which comparing ultrasound-guiding and anatomical landmarks of spinal anesthesia in geriatric population. Meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The continuous and dichotomous data, respectively, are using the calculation of mean differences with inverse variance, and Odds Ratio using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results: Four studies with a total of 436 patients met the criteria. Based on the analysis, landmark-guided have more number of attempts [IV -0.66, 95%CI=(-1.20, –0.13), p=0.01], and higher number of passes [IV -1.43, 95%CI=(-2.68, –0.18), p=0.03], compared to ultrasound-guided. Ultrasound-guided has success rate of first attempt [OR 3.37, 95%CI=(1.17, 9.73), p=0.02], and success rate of first passes [OR 3.60, 95%CI=(1.39, 9.29), p=0.008], which is significantly higher when compared to landmark-guided. Ultrasound-guided had a longer duration of procedure than landmark-guided which was statistically significant [IV 59.14, 95%CI=(4.58, 113.70), p=0.03]. Conclusion: The ultrasound-guiding for spinal anesthesia in elderly is recommended. This approach need be considered as the standard of care, given its potential to improve technical efficacy in conducting spinal anesthesia in particular populations.

Predictors of Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Successfully Recanalized Patients With Anterior Circulation Emergency Large‐Vessel Occlusion

Background Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been shown to improve functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation strokes and emergent large‐vessel occlusion (ELVO). Despite successful recanalization, some of these patients require decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). We aimed to study the predictors of DHC in successfully recanalized anterior circulation ELVO patients. Methods Consecutive patients with anterior circulation ELVO treated with MT during a 6‐year period were evaluated. Only successfully recanalized patients (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grades 2b, 2c, or 3) after MT were included in the analysis. Baseline demographic, clinical, and procedural variables were compared between patients requiring DHC after successful recanalization versus those who did not. Results Of 453 successfully recanalized patients with ELVO, 47 who underwent DHC had higher admission blood glucose levels (170±88 versus 142±66 mg/dL; P =0.008), lower median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (9 [interquartile range, 8–10] versus 10 [interquartile range, 9–10]; P =0.002), higher prevalence of poor collaterals on pretreatment computed tomography angiogram (75% versus 26%; P &lt;0.001), and required more passes during MT (median, 3 [interquartile range, 3–4] versus 2 [interquartile range, 1–2]; P =0.001) compared with those who did not undergo DHC. In a multivariable model after adjusting for multiple confounders, higher admission blood glucose levels ( P =0.031), poor collaterals on computed tomography angiography ( P &lt;0.001), and higher number of passes during MT ( P &lt;0.001) emerged as independent predictors of DHC in successfully recanalized patients with ELVO. Conclusions Higher admission blood glucose levels, poor collateral pattern on computed tomography angiography, and higher number of passes during MT were independently associated with DHC in patients with anterior circulation ELVO achieving successful recanalization following MT.

Teamwork and performance in professional women's football: A network-based analysis

Analysis of the underlying tactics and teamwork in women's football is rare and it is unknown how professional women's teams cooperate to be successful. The aim of this study was to investigate teamwork using network analysis while comparing match-outcome, match-type, ladder halves and tournament phases, to determine whether teamwork is related to success. Ball transfer data in 694 matches from the 2015, 2016 and 2017/18 Football Association Women's Super League (FA WSL) seasons; 2016–2018 National Women's Football League (NWSL) seasons; 2013 and 2017 European Cups; and 2011 and 2013 World Cups were analysed. The network metrics: edge density, transitivity, mean distance, out degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality were calculated. Success was categorised in match outcomes, ladder halves, tournament phases and ladder positions. It was found that successful professional women's football teams are highly connected (p = 0.006), and the distribution of ball possession is centralised (p = 0.001). There is a tendency for key players to send out a high number of passes, but there is no dependency on these key players for the total ball flow within a team, which is a characteristic that may be unique to women's football. Differences in teamwork exist between single matches and full seasons or tournaments, with successful teams having more effective ball movement and successful passes over the course of a season or tournament (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, successful league teams have more players with connecting roles than tournament teams and match tactics should be adapted to this.

Cavitation assisted novel method for synthesis of starch nanoparticles

Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) have drawn significant attention by researchers in the last decade because of their unique mechanical properties, renewable nature, low cost and numerous industrial applications. In this paper we present the first detailed study of the use of cavitation under alkaline conditions followed by precipitation for synthesis of rice SNPs. For acoustic cavitation, the effect of sonication time and sonication power and for hydrodynamic cavitation the effect of inlet pressure, number of passes and number of holes of orifice plate on particle size distribution and average particle size of SNPs was investigated. Surface morphology of the native and SNPs was elucidated using scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical changes in formed SNPs were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and XRD technique. Acoustic cavitation (30 kHz, 175 W) produced SNPs having size as low as 70 nm in 20 min of sonication time. For hydrodynamic cavitation, higher inlet pressure, higher number of passes and orifice plates with more holes, produced particles with narrow distribution. Combination of alkali and cavitation treatment resulted in formation of SNPs with reduced crystallinity compared to native starch particles. Hydrodynamic cavitation assisted synthesis of SNPs was found to be much more energy efficient compared to acoustic cavitation.

Flat diamond sliding burnishing surface roughness investigation

The sliding diamond burnishing process is one among many burnishing post-machining processes applied for surface integrity enhancement purposes. This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of burnishing parameters on the surface roughness of the product. Taguchi design was used, and the machining parameters considered were burnishing force, feed rate, and the number of passes with three levels each. C45 steel alloy workpieces were face milled with the same machining variables and their surface roughness was measured before and after the diamond sliding burnishing process. Enhanced surface roughness was achieved with increasing burnishing force and minimum feed rate and higher number of passes.

Predictors of 30-day mortality after endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion in the elderly.

Elderly acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients (≥80 years) would have dismal clinical outcomes even after successful endovascular revascularization for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the anterior circulation. We aimed to identify predictors of 30-day mortality after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the elderly. We included older patients who underwent EVT for AIS due to LVO within 6 h after stroke onset in the anterior circulation between 2017 and 2019. Patients due to posterior circulation stroke, with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 4 and 5 were excluded. The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of EVT. The association between clinical, imaging, procedural, follow-up imaging and mortality were analyzed. Successful reperfusion was defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score of 2b or 3. Possible predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Total 238 AIS patients eligible for EVT were identified with 58 patients aged 80 years or more. 48 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 86 years (age range, 82-102 years). Successful reperfusion was achieved in 38 (79.2%) patients. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rate were 25% and 33.3%, respectively. The independent predictors of 30-day mortality were collateral scores <3 on mCTA (adjusted OR, 16.571; 95% CI, 1.041-263.868; p = 0.047) and number of passes (adjusted OR, 2.475; 95% CI, 1.047-5.847; p = 0.039). Lower collateral scores on mCTA and higher number of passes in thrombectomy were independently predictive of 30-day mortality in the elderly.

Predictors of unfavorable outcomes despite substantial reperfusion: Insights from Analysis of Revascularization in Ischemic Stroke With EmboTrap II Study.

A considerable proportion of stroke patients have unfavorable outcomes despite substantial reperfusion during mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion. This study aimed to determine predictors of unfavorable outcomes despite substantial reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of ≥2b). We conducted a post hoc analysis of Analysis of Revascularization in Ischemic Stroke With EmboTrap, a prospective, multicenter study on the efficacy of the EmboTrap revascularization device. We included patients with anterior large vessel occlusion, substantial reperfusion within three passes, and 3-month follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of dependency or death (modified Rankin Score 3-6) at 90 days. Of the 176 patients included in the study, 124 (70.45%) achieved modified Rankin Score of 0-2 at 90 days and 52 (29.6%) had modified Rankin Score of 3-6. On univariate analysis, patient age and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were significantly higher in the modified Rankin Score of 3-6 groups (71.4 ± 11.3 years vs. 66.0 ± 13.1 years, 0.01; 18.9 ± 4.13 vs. 14.6 ± 4.36, p < 0.01, respectively). Mean number of passes and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were also higher in patients with modified Rankin Score of 3-6 (2.46 ± 1.42 vs. 1.65 ± 0.9, p < 0.01; 13.5% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and mean number of passes and were independent predictors of modified Rankin Score of 3-6 at 90 days. More severe initial neurologic deficit and higher number of passes in patients with substantial reperfusion were independent predictors of dependency or death. These findings highlight a reduction in the number of passes required to achieve reperfusion as a therapeutic target to improve the outcome after thrombectomy.

Guardiola, Klopp, and Pochettino: The Purveyors of What? The Use of Passing Network Analysis to Identify and Compare Coaching Styles in Professional Football.

We applied social networks analysis to objectively discriminate and describe interpersonal interaction dynamics of players across different top-coaching styles. The aim was to compare metrics in the passing networks of Jürgen Klopp, Pep Guardiola, and Mauricio Pochettino across the UEFA Champions League seasons from 2017 to 2020. Data on completed passes from 92 games were gathered and average passing networks metrics were computed. We were not only able to find the foundations on which these elite coaches build the passing dynamics in their respective teams, but also to determine important differences that represent their particular coaching signatures. The local cluster coefficient was the only metric not significantly different between coaches. Still, we found higher average shortest-path length for Guardiola's network (mean ± std = 3.00 ± 0.45 a.u.) compared to Klopp's (2.80 ± 0.52 a.u., p = 0.04) and Pochettino's (2.70 ± 0.39 a.u., p = 0.01). Density was higher for Guardiola's (64.16 ± 20.27 a.u.) than for Pochettino's team (51.42 ± 17.28 a.u., p = 0.008). The largest eigenvalue for Guardiola's team (65.95 ± 16.79 a.u.) was higher than for Klopp's (47.06 ± 17.25 a.u., p < 0.001) and Pochettino's (42,62 ± 12.01 a.u., p < 0.001). Centrality dispersion was also higher for Guardiola (0.14 ± 0.02 a.u.) when compared to Klopp (0.12 ± 0.03 a.u., p = 0.008). The local cluster coefficient seems to build the foundation for passing work, however, cohesion characteristics among players in the three teams of the top coaches seems to characterize their own footprint regarding passing dynamics. Guardiola stands out by the high number of passes and the enhanced connection of the most important players in the network. Klopp and Pochettino showed important similarities, which are associated to preferences toward more flexibility of interpersonal linkages synergies.

Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composite Foam Developed by Friction Stir Processing

The underwater friction stir processing is used for development of aluminum metal matrix composite (AA2219-Y2O3) foam. For development of foam, holes with different diameter in the mid thickness of plate were filled with a mixture of TiH2 and aluminum powder and underwater friction stir processing was used to mix this mixture in aluminum metal matrix composite. Then precursors extracted from the processed zone and heated upto 650°C in a furnace for development of foam. The effect of diameter of hole, number of passes and the tool rotation direction has been studied on the foam cell size and static and dynamic compressive behavior of the foam. It is found that as the diameter of hole increases, the size of pores increases. The distribution of pores is better with higher number of passes and increasing the hole diameter. The quality of foam further improves by reversing the tool rotation direction. The developed foam has different pore size varies from 0.7 to 2.7 mm depends on the FSP parameters. Based on the size of pores and their distribution the relative density ranges from 0.1 to 0.78. The foam produced with 4 mm hole diameter has best static and dynamic compression properties.