Guardiola, Klopp, and Pochettino: The Purveyors of What? The Use of Passing Network Analysis to Identify and Compare Coaching Styles in Professional Football.

Analysis of the underlying tactics and teamwork in women's football is rare and it is unknown how professional women's teams cooperate to be successful. The aim of this study was to investigate teamwork using network analysis while comparing match-outcome, match-type, ladder halves and tournament phases, to determine whether teamwork is related to success. Ball transfer data in 694 matches from the 2015, 2016 and 2017/18 Football Association Women's Super League (FA WSL) seasons; 2016–2018 National Women's Football League (NWSL) seasons; 2013 and 2017 European Cups; and 2011 and 2013 World Cups were analysed. The network metrics: edge density, transitivity, mean distance, out degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality were calculated. Success was categorised in match outcomes, ladder halves, tournament phases and ladder positions. It was found that successful professional women's football teams are highly connected (p = 0.006), and the distribution of ball possession is centralised (p = 0.001). There is a tendency for key players to send out a high number of passes, but there is no dependency on these key players for the total ball flow within a team, which is a characteristic that may be unique to women's football. Differences in teamwork exist between single matches and full seasons or tournaments, with successful teams having more effective ball movement and successful passes over the course of a season or tournament (p < 0.001). Moreover, successful league teams have more players with connecting roles than tournament teams and match tactics should be adapted to this.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the differences between top and average football playing. To do so we analysed 1,240 matches from the top Israeli and Italian leagues; each match included information on 455 game parameters. A two-phase analysis was performed. In Phase 1 of the analysis we found that the ball movement (e.g., higher number of passes into the box, higher number of key passes), as well as the attack efficiency (higher absolute and relative number of shots from the box, higher number of attacks that entered the box), are significantly superior in the Italian football league. In Phase 2, we identified which game parameters are most important for winning in both leagues. Our results revealed that the success of the matches in both leagues is determined by similar parameters, such as key passes, shots on target, actions up the pitch, and pass precision.

The present study addresses the effect of multiple jet passes and other parameters namely feedrate and pressure in waterjet peening (WJP) of austenitic stainless steel 304. An analysis of surface integrity was used to evaluate the performance of different parameters in the WJP process. An increase in the number of jet passes as well as pressure leads to a higher roughness and more erosion of the surface. However, the feedrate shows a reverse effect on the surface roughness and erosion. The surface microstructures also show the mechanism of material removal process involving initial and evolved damages. The subsurface hardness shows that treating the surface with a higher number of passes and pressure produces a higher increase of hardness and also a deeper hardening layer. But, a reverse effect on the subsurface hardness was found for the feedrate. Furthermore, cross-sectional microstructures show a higher density of slip bands in the deformed grains of the specimen treated with a higher number of jet passes and pressure. However, the amount of slip bands in the deformed grains is lower with increasing feedrate.

BackgroundThe aim of our study was to find predictors of parenchymal hematoma (PH) and clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and baseline large...

IntroductionOptimal needle size in achieving greatest diagnostic yield from EUS- guided FNA remains unclear.AimWe prospectively compared sample adequacy and safety of FNA of solid lesions between 25G and 22G (CookTM)...

In this study, surface hybrid composite was fabricated on Al6061 base sheets using friction stir processing (FSP). Samples were subjected to various numbers of FSP passes from one to four with Al2O3/TiB2 powder. Influence of number of FSP passes was studied on distribution of Al2O3/TiB2 particles in aluminium matrix, microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of specimens. The results showed that increase in the number of passes causes a more uniform dispersion of composite particles and thus, decreases particles clustering. In addition, an increase in the number of FSP passes was found to decrease the matrix grain size of the surface hybrid composite. It was observed that the hardness increased as the number of passes increased due to presence and pinning effect of hard Al2O3/TiB2 particles. Also, at higher number of passes, the surface hybrid composite wear resistance was increased.

IntroductionSymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after MT has a reported incidence rate of up to 16% in previous studies and can amplify the risk of poor clinical outcome.Aim of StudyThe aim of...

Background and purposePost-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhages (PTIH) are dangerous complications of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) following mechanical thrombectomy. We aimed to investigate if S100b levels in AIS clots removed by mechanical thrombectomy correlated to increased risk of PTIH.MethodsWe analyzed 122 thrombi from 80 AIS patients in the RESTORE Registry of AIS clots, selecting an equal number of patients having been pre-treated or not with rtPA (40 each group). Within each subgroup, 20 patients had developed PTIH and 20 patients showed no signs of hemorrhage. Gross photos of each clot were taken and extracted clot area (ECA) was measured using ImageJ. Immunohistochemistry for S100b was performed and Orbit Image Analysis was used for quantification. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate co-localization between S100b and T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. Chi-square or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsPTIH was associated with higher S100b levels in clots (0.33 [0.08–0.85] vs. 0.07 [0.02–0.27] mm2, H1 = 6.021, P = 0.014*), but S100b levels were not significantly affected by acute thrombolytic treatment (P = 0.386). PTIH was also associated with patients having higher NIHSS at admission (20.0 [17.0–23.0] vs. 14.0 [10.5–19.0], H1 = 8.006, P = 0.005) and higher number of passes during thrombectomy (2 [1–4] vs. 1 [1–2.5], H1 = 5.995, P = 0.014*). S100b co-localized with neutrophils, macrophages and with T-lymphocytes in the clots.ConclusionsHigher S100b expression in AIS clots, higher NIHSS at admission and higher number of passes during thrombectomy are all associated with PTIH. Further investigation of S100b expression in AIS clots by neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes could provide insight into the role of S100b in thromboinflammation.

Background Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been shown to improve functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation strokes and emergent large‐vessel occlusion (ELVO). Despite successful recanalization, some of these patients require decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). We aimed to study the predictors of DHC in successfully recanalized anterior circulation ELVO patients. Methods Consecutive patients with anterior circulation ELVO treated with MT during a 6‐year period were evaluated. Only successfully recanalized patients (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grades 2b, 2c, or 3) after MT were included in the analysis. Baseline demographic, clinical, and procedural variables were compared between patients requiring DHC after successful recanalization versus those who did not. Results Of 453 successfully recanalized patients with ELVO, 47 who underwent DHC had higher admission blood glucose levels (170±88 versus 142±66 mg/dL; P =0.008), lower median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (9 [interquartile range, 8–10] versus 10 [interquartile range, 9–10]; P =0.002), higher prevalence of poor collaterals on pretreatment computed tomography angiogram (75% versus 26%; P <0.001), and required more passes during MT (median, 3 [interquartile range, 3–4] versus 2 [interquartile range, 1–2]; P =0.001) compared with those who did not undergo DHC. In a multivariable model after adjusting for multiple confounders, higher admission blood glucose levels ( P =0.031), poor collaterals on computed tomography angiography ( P <0.001), and higher number of passes during MT ( P <0.001) emerged as independent predictors of DHC in successfully recanalized patients with ELVO. Conclusions Higher admission blood glucose levels, poor collateral pattern on computed tomography angiography, and higher number of passes during MT were independently associated with DHC in patients with anterior circulation ELVO achieving successful recanalization following MT.

The effect of vehicle weight on the distribution of compaction with depth and the yield of Lolium/Trifolium grassland

Effect of severe plastic deformation on tensile properties and impact toughness of two-phase Zn–40Al alloy

Data analysis in football has indicated an increased likelihood of goals with fewer passes within a possession which have resulted in recommendations of fewer passes and more direct play to score goals. These recommendations did not consider where possessions originated and appear to be contradicted by on-field playing tactics by recent championship winning clubs and national teams in elite competition. Therefore, this study examined the influence of number of passes and possession duration on the likelihood of a shot, or a goal scored during possessions originating in the defensive zone. 4465 possessions originating in the defensive zones of the French, German and Spanish Men’s National teams at the 2010 to 2018 World Cups were analyzed. The possessions were analyzed for the length in time of possession (TP0.3), the number of passes completed (nPass0.425) and the number of defenders in the offensive zone. Each possession was classified whether or not a shot occurred, a goal occurred or the ball was returned back into the defensive zone. Mixed-effects multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to model the log odds of a shot, goal, or went-back occurrence at the end of each possession. The logs odds of a shot decreased by -0.29 (p = 0.036) with each pass (nPass0.425) and the log odds of a goal decreased with time of possession (TP0.3) by 1.000 (p = 0.014) and increased with number of passes by 0.775 (p = 0.046). The logs odds of the ball being returned to the defensive zone increased with more passes and greater numbers of defensive players while decreasing with a longer possession duration. The results indicate that a greater number of passes had a positive influence on goal scoring while a longer possession duration had a negative effect. The findings suggest that teams with possessions gained in the defensive zone can use a high number of passes in a short period of time can increase their likelihood of scoring goals.

Inhomogeneity in strain, microstructure and mechanical properties of AA1050 alloy during twist extrusion

Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioural ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi‐natural populations of forked fungus beetles Bolitotherus cornutus. We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half‐way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioural differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggest that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.

The Distribution of Soil Compaction with Depth and the Response of a Perennial Forage Crop