Highest Number Of Fruits Research Articles

Responses of tomato hybrid cultivars to soil application of humic acid under greenhouse conditions

Abstract Responses of three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrids viz. 'Luanova', 'Savarona' and 'Tessera' to various doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L-1) of soil application of humic acid (HA) were evaluated in terms of plant growth, productivity and quality of fruits, under greenhouse conditions, during 2011-12 and 2012-13. In addition to improved quality characteristics, higher values for yield and yield components were recorded for tomato fruits harvested from plants of 'Tessera' cultivar compared to those harvested from other hybrids tested, regardless of growing seasons. Plants from 'Luanova' cultivar were, however, earlier in fruiting with higher number of fruits per plant. Soil application of HA presented positive effects on yield and physicochemical quality of tomato fruits irrespective of the dose of HA and the cultivar investigated, in both seasons. Soil application of HA at higher dose 1.5 g L-1 exhibited better results in all the three tomato cultivars tested, in terms of their vegetative and reproductive growth, and significantly improved the physicochemical quality of their fruits. Conclusively, the tomato hybrid 'Tessera' was found suitable for cultivation under greenhouse conditions while soil application of aqueous solution of HA @ 1.5 g L-1 substantially resulted in higher production of quality tomato fruits.

Checklist of pests and diseases of fruits and vegetables in Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon

Fruits and vegetables are an integral part of human diet attributed to their appealing flavour, taste, nutrients and health-promoting properties. However, in Cameroon, the agricultural system is constantly dealing with a decrease in fruit and vegetable yield due to diseases and pests’ infestation. The aim of this study was to identify diseases and pests of fruits and vegetables in farms and markets in Mezam Division. North West Region of Cameroon. A field survey was conducted in randomly selected farms in Mezam, Bamenda while a market survey was carried at Mile 3 Nkwen and the Bamenda food markets in December 2022 and January 2023 with the participation of secondary school Biology teachers as trainees. They were taught on the signs and symptoms of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses on fruits and vegetables by plant pathologists while insect pests’ identification was taught by agriculture entomologists from the University of Bamenda. Pictures of infected vegetable and fruit parts were taken; host plant was identified and the pathogens causing disease was identified based on signs and symptoms and results presented on tables. Also, Infected vegetables and fruits samples were cultured in PDA and pure cultures were identified by use of cultural characters. Insect identification was done with the aid of photographs and by the use of a dichotomous key which was used to determine the orders of the different insect pests. High number of vegetables and fruits were found to be infected by fungi, bacterial and viral pathogens. The symptoms observed in farms and markets ranged from fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum on Passifora edulis, bacteria canker of Persea americana to leaf spot disease caused by Pleospora spp. on Talinum fruticosum. The insect pests identified were Dacus punctatifrons, Helicoverpa armigera, Podagrica spp., Bemisia tabaci and aphids. Some of these insect pests serve as vectors of plant diseases.

Evaluation of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality in Mid-hills of Bagmati Province, Nepal

The study was carried out to evaluate and select high yielding, insect pest and disease resistant hot pepper genotypes with preferred characters at open field conditions for central mid-hills of Nepal in 2018 and 2019. Seedlings of six hot pepper genotypes AVPP9905, AVPP9813, AVPP0506, Suryamukhi, Pusa Jwala and Kantipure were transplanted on April first week at Khumaltar, Lalitpur. Crop geometry was maintained with the 60 x 60 cm in randomized complete block design with three replications and fertilized with 150:120:100 NPK kg + 20 ton FYM per hectare. Observations were recorded on vegetative growth, insect pest and disease, yield attributing parameter and response of consumers and farmers. Among the tested genotypes, AVPP9905 showed superior performance that was vigoros, earliest days to flowering (41) and fruit set (47 days), least insect damage (2.0), least disease; alternaria leaf spot (1.8 ), higher number of fruits per node (1.25), superior yield (26.19 t/ha) and 960 g per plant. Consumers and farmers preference were 4.4 and 4.5.and the maximum fruit size was 18.7 g. The second superior cultivar was AVPP0506 which showed vigor (4.0), medium days to flowering (44.3) and fruit set (49 days), less insect damage (2.2), less disease; alternaria leaf spot (2.1), higher number of fruits per node (1.3), superior yield (14.28 t/ha) and 548 g per plant, consumers (3.8) and farmers preferred (4.8). Hence it could be generalized that introduced genotypes from the world Vegetable Centre, Taiwan were more promising than local check cultivars (Pusa Jwala and Kantipure) in terms of growth, fruit yield and insect pest and disease resistance, and farmers and consumers preference. These two genotypes are recommended for cultivation in central mid-hills of Bagmati Province in open field conditions.

Agronomic Performance of Banana Cultivars: A Case Study in Brazilian Savannah

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of four banana cultivars (Grand-Naine, Prata-Anã, BRS-Tropical, and BRS-Conquista) in the Brazilian Savannah, Brasília, Federal District. Theoretical framework: Banana tree is responsible for providing one of the most consumed and appreciated fruits in all regions of the world, and is largely cultivated in tropical countries. Banana production is a growing activity in Brazil, mainly in family farming, due to its economic and social importance. Methods: The study was implemented at the experimental field of the Água Limpa Farm, which belongs to the University of Brasília, FD, Brazil. The essay was conducted in a randomized block design, consisting of four treatments and four replications. The evaluated variables were: total bunch weight, number of fruits per bunch, number of hands per bunch, fruit length, and fruit diameter. Results and discussion: Significant differences were found for all variables evaluated. The coefficient of variation was lower than 30% for all analyzed characteristics, indicating a good experimental accuracy. Bunch weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter of the cultivar Grand-Naine were significantly higher (Skott Knott 5%) than those of the other cultivars evaluated. BRS-Conquista had the highest number of fruits per bunch and number of hands per bunch. The results showed a positive significant correlation between number of fruits per bunch and number of hands per bunch. The estimates of the genetic parameters for the evaluated characteristics showed favorable conditions for selection, with CVg to CVe ratio higher than 1, and heritability ranging from 85 to 99%. Implications of the research: The Grand-Naine cultivar came out on top in terms of the performance evaluated under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian Savannah, Brasília, Federal District, and it was also established the performance of BRS-Conquista, Prata-Anã and BRS-Tropical in this region. Originality/value: Pointing out the most important genetic parameters guides genetic improvement actions for these cultivars in the region, as well as assisting new breeding programs.

Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Downstream Genes of CLAVATA3 in Tomato

Fruit locule number is an important agronomic trait that affects fruit appearance, quality, and yield. CLAVATA3 (SlCLV3) is a candidate gene of the fasciated (fas) locus that plays a role in controlling the number of flower organs and fruit locules in tomato. The SlCLV3 encoding signal peptide mainly acts by inhibiting the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) but there is little research about how the receptor transmits the CLV3 signal to WUS and inhibits its expression. The CRISPR/Cas9 method was employed to edit the first exon of tomato SlCLV3 in this study, leading to the functional deletion of SlCLV3. As a result, flowers with a high number of organs and fruits with a high number of locules were produced. We screened six candidate genes using the transcriptome of clv3 mutants, analyzed expression variations in these genes between the cultivated allele and wild-type allele of fas, and showed that only SlLET6 and SlGIF1 (GRF1-interacting factor 1) were influenced by the fas locus. SlLET6 overexpression resulted in an increase in flower carpels and fruit locules. These results suggest that SlLET6 may be the downstream gene of SlCLV3 regulating the number of carpels and fruit locules in tomato.

Interaction with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana influences tomato phenome and promotes resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection.

Plants are central to complex networks of multitrophic interactions. Increasing evidence suggests that beneficial microorganisms (BMs) may be used as plant biostimulants and pest biocontrol agents. We investigated whether tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants are thoroughly colonized by the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and how such colonization affects physiological parameters and the phenotype of plants grown under unstressed conditions or exposed to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. As a positive control, a strain of the well-known biocontrol agent and growth inducer Trichoderma afroharzianum was used. As multitrophic interactions are often driven by (or have consequences on) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants constitutively or after induction by abiotic or biotic stresses, VOC emissions were also studied. Both B. bassiana and T. afroharzianum induced a significant but transient (one to two-day-long) reduction of stomatal conductance, which may indicate rapid activation of defensive (rejection) responses, but also limited photosynthesis. At later stages, our results demonstrated a successful and complete plant colonization by B. bassiana, which induced higher photosynthesis and lower respiration rates, improved growth of roots, stems, leaves, earlier flowering, higher number of fruits and yield in tomato plants. Beauveria bassiana also helped tomato plants fight B. cinerea, whose symptoms in leaves were almost entirely relieved with respect to control plants. Less VOCs were emitted when plants were colonized by B. bassiana or infected by B. cinerea, alone or in combination, suggesting no activation of VOC-dependent defensive mechanisms in response to both fungi.

Influence of reasoned organic and inorganic fertilization on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) growth, productivity, and profitability on degraded sandy soil in South Togo

Reasoned fertilization practices promote fertilizers formula adjusted to the crop’s needs and increase production and income. In this study, two agronomic tests were carried out on two sites named Tabligbo (site 1) and Djikame (site 2) on degraded sandy loam soils situated in the south of Togo using inorganic and organic fertilizer quantities obtained from reasoned fertilization. An indigenous variety of Abelmoschus esculentus was used and five treatments were applied: T2: mineral fertilizer (667 kg/ha), T3: waste compost (6126 kg/ha at Tabligbo and 7260 kg/ha at Dzikame), T4: mineral (333.50 kg/ha) + compost fertilizers (3063 kg/ha for site 1 and 3630 kg/ha for site 2), control (T0) and smallholder farmers’ old fertilization practices (T1). At Tabligbo, treatments T2 and T4 stimulated quick growth (74,5 ± 03.50 cm) and the highest number of fruit was obtained on T4 treatment (102 ± 09). At Djikame, treatments T2 and T3 presented the highest growth (65.82 ± 2.51 cm) and the T4 treatment gave the best number of fruits (72 ± 4.00). Economic Efficiency and Cost-Value Ratio were high on the T4 formula on Tabligbo soil (53.48% and 1.85). At Djikame, treatment T2 presents the highest value of economic parameters (24.52% and 01.35). Among treatments tested, T4 (compost + mineral fertilizer) is the effective treatment on Tabligbo sandy loam soil for okra production while the T2 (mineral fertilizer) option is the best for okra production on site 2 due to the low content in nitrogen increasing C/N ratio. The effective fertilizer formulas discovered in this study will be shared with farmers in the study areas in order to improve market garden crop production in South Togo.

Comparison of capillary wick and trickle irrigation systems by assessing the effects of fertigation in various soil textures on growth traits of greenhouse cucumber plant

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the capillary wick irrigation (CWI) influence on the cucumber's growth characteristics when compared to trickle irrigation (TI) over the two growing seasons. The study incorporated three different soil textures, namely clay loam (CL) – S1, sandy clay loam (SCL) – S2, and sandy loam (SL) – S3, along with four fertilizer levels (F1, F2, F3, and F4) applied at 0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.15 times the plant's nutrient requirements. According to the study findings, the combination of F4 fertilizer with TI yielded the best results in terms of reproductive traits, resulting in an average of 18.66 fruits and a total fruit weight of 1,229.5 g. In the case of CWI, the highest number of fruits and their combined weight were observed at the F3 fertilizer level, with 13.42 fruits and 846.3 g, respectively. The study also revealed that TI with soil texture S1 produced the highest average yield for all growth traits, while CWI with the lighter soil texture S3 exhibited superior results in vegetative and reproductive growth traits. The maximum fruit weight (1,460.26 g) was achieved using TI and S1F4, and the highest fruit weight (995.57 g) was obtained from S3F3 when using CWI.

Effectiveness of two mechanical shrub removal treatments for restoring sub-alpine grasslands colonized by re-sprouting woody vegetation

The extent of European sub-alpine grasslands and their associated ecosystem services are decreasing due to woody plant encroachment. Commonly used methods of woody vegetation suppression like prescribed burning or clearcutting usually cause little damage to belowground bud-banks, offering poor results against re-sprouting shrubs. In this study, we assessed the effects on vegetation and soil properties of two mechanical shrub removal methods for restoring sub-alpine grasslands colonized by the re-sprouting shrub Rosa sp. in the Central Spanish Pyrenees: a commonly used method based on clearcutting (Clearcutting); and a non-previously assessed method based on pulling shrubs off the soil to remove both the aerial and belowground bud-banks (Uprooting). We set a parallel experiment to test whether or not clustering Rosa sp. debris generated in Uprooting (which held many mature fruits) at certain grassland locations may promote colonization of new grassland spots by Rosa sp. seedlings. By the end of the study period, vegetation composition and structure was more similar to the reference grassland in Uprooting than in Clearcutting. Indeed, woody vegetation cover was 71 % smaller in Uprooting than in Clearcutting three years after shrub removal. Nevertheless, by the end of the study period, chemical and microbiological soil properties were slightly more similar to the reference grassland in Clearcutting than in Uprooting. Additionally, the results of our study showed that clustering unusually high number of mature fruits of Rosa sp. at certain grassland locations increased shrub seedling colonization in comparison with other areas of the reference grassland, indicating that operational planning needs to take into account shrub phenology. In conclusion, our work showed that Uprooting may be a useful tool for land managers aiming to restore sub-alpine grasslands colonized by re-sprouting shrubs, though it is advisable using it for scatter shrub patches to prevent significant medium to long-term soil disturbance at landscape scale.

Participatory tomato variety selection in the lowland areas of North Shewa

The production and productivity of tomatoes in Ethiopia as well as in Amhara Region are very low because of lack of improved and adapted varieties, inadequate knowledge of production and management, and a poor marketing system. The field experiment was carried out during the 2018 irrigation seasons at Ataye and Shewarobit to identify adaptive, high yielding and disease tolerant varieties of tomato. Eight improved tomato varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The collected biological data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4, and farmers’ preferences for those varieties were also assessed based on selection attributes set by them. The combined analysis of variance revealed that there was significant difference between the varieties on the number of fruits per cluster, plant height, marketable number, unmarketable number and average weight of a tomato. The highest number of fruits per cluster was recorded from variety Mersa (3.83), followed by Melkasalsa (3.73) and Melkashola (3.7). The variety Mersa was the tallest followed by Weyno with plant heights of 110.5 cm and 110.96 cm, respectively. The highest average fruit weight was recorded for the variety D2 (61.25 g) followed by Cochoro (46.46 g). Even though it was not statistically significant, the variety Melkashola has given the highest marketable yield (32.98 t ha-1) and showed a better reaction to late blight disease as low as 27.5 %. In addition to this, variety Melkashola was highly preferred by the farmers. Based on the biological data and farmer’s preference variety Melkashola has been recommended for Ataye and Shewarobit as well as for other similar agro-ecologies.

EFEKTIFITAS BIOAMELIORAN SEBAGAI PEMBENAH TANAH PADA TANAMAN CABAI KERITING (Capsicum annuum L.)

So far, the function of EPS-producing bacteria has not been optimal. In this research, tests were carried out to find out and see the role of EPS-producing bacteria on plant growth as a biological fertilizer that can increase soil fertility, because EPS-producing bacteria can dissolve phosphate and fix nitrogen, EPS bacteria also produce IAA auxin. and also used as an active soil enhancer (Bioamelioran). This research aims to see and determine the effect of various concentrations of Bioameliorant (soil enhancer) and organic materials on the growth of curly red chili plants. This research used a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with treatment of various doses of soil enhancer (Bioameliorant), namely: control (B0), without bioameliorant (B1), 10 ml/l water (B2), 15 ml/l water and (B3) 20 ml/l water. Each treatment consisted of 2 units which were repeated 3 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The dose of organic material given was 30 tons/ha or equivalent to 53 grams/polybag. The experimental results showed that giving Bioameliorant to curly chili plants with a concentration (B3) of 20 ml/l of water, the highest plant height (109.66 cm), the highest number of leaves (31.33 sheet), the highest number of branches (15.33 branches), the highest number of fruit (22,66 pieces), the highest fruit weight (61.96 gram) and the highest root weight (18.02 gram). Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the application of Bioameliorants (soil enhancer) and organic materials gave the best results in treatment with a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water on the growth of curly chili plants

Response on growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) due to application of bio-slurry and biochar

This study aims to determine the best concentration of bioslurry and type of biochar for cayenne pepper growth and production. The research was conducted from March to June 2022 located in Sompe Village, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. The research was carried out in the form of 2-factor factorial experiment using a randomized block design. Four concentration of bio-slurry, used as the first factor, were 0, 125, 250, and 250 cc per plot. The second factor was types of biochar consisted of control, rice husk biochar, corn cob biochar, and coconut shell biochar with a dosage of 4.4 kg per plot. Research results show no significant interaction occurred between the bioslurry and biochar treatments that affect the growth and production of cayenne pepper. Use of coconut shell biochar treatment resulted in the highest plant (36.31 cm) while application of rice husk biochar resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (30.27), weight per fruit (4 g), fruit weight per plant (34.88 g), and fruit weight per plot (139.54 g). Treatment of rice husk biochar is the most optimal treatment in upgrading the production of cayenne pepper plant.

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation (50 Hz, 200 µT & 300 µT) to Increase Edamame Productivity and Safety Risks to Health

More and more research results report that exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields at low intensity can increase cell proliferation. The ELF magnetic field interacts directly with cell membranes, capable of increasing intracellular calcium and under certain conditions affecting cell proliferation. This study wanted to prove the potential of ELF magnetic field radiation with intensity of 200 µT and 300 µT on edamame productivity. The research design used a completely randomized design. The research sample was 250 edamame soybeans of the Ryokkoh-75 variety which were divided into 5 groups. Samples were soaked in warm water for 3 hours and then cured for about 12 hours and exposed to ELF magnetic fields of intensity of 200 µT and 300 µT with variations in exposure time of 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Then it is seeded and planted in the field. Observation of the number of edamame pods and the number of pods was carried out when they were already fruiting, namely day 29 to day 43. The results of the study proved that the number of pods and the number of edamame pods in the group exposed to the 200 µT and 300 µT ELF magnetic fields was higher than the control. It appears that the highest number of fruits and pods occurred in the sample group exposed to the ELF magnetic field intensity of 300 µT. The conclusion is that exposure to the ELF magnetic field intensity of 300 µT has the potential to increase edamame productivity

Eficiența răririi chimice în diferită doză de tratare la soiul Gala Must cu produse pe bază de NAD, ANA și BA

The researches were carried out in the period 2014-2017 in the intensive apple orchard of the enterprise „Codru ST” Ltd. founded in 2006. The efficiency of chemical fruit thinning was studied in Gala Must variety grafted on M9 rootstock. The following active substances were applied: 1. naphthalene-acetamide NAD (Geramid-New), 2. naphthylacetic acid ANA (Dirager) and 3. benzyladenine BA (Gerba 4LG), using different doses and thinning periods. During the research the following indicators were studied: the number and average weight of fruits, the yield per tree and per unit area, and the average fruit diameter. On average, over the years 2014-2017, the highest number of fruits in the crown of apple trees was obtained using the growth regulators Dirager (131.2 pcs/tree) and Geramid-New (128 pcs/tree), while the variants treated with Gerba 4LG recorded the highest yield per tree 18.01 kg/tree and the highest average fruit diameter 74.1 mm. The average fruit weight as a quality indicator varied greatly over the studied years. This indicator largely correlated with the number of fruits in the tree crown and weather conditions in the year of reference. It was established that the treatments with Geramid-New in a dose of 1.2 l/ha when 80% of the petals have fallen + 2-3 days, with Dirager in a dose of 0.3 l/ha when the diameter of the central fruit is 8-9 mm and with Gerba 4LG in a dose of 2.5 l/ha when the fruit diameter is 10-15 mm have a significant effect on the studied indicators.

Unveiling the Impact of Salinity Levels on Chilli: Growth, Yield and Quality Analysis

This study investigates the effect of salinity on the growth, yield, and quality and disease infestation on Chilli. A factorial randomized block design with three replications was implemented, consisting of combinations of four salinity levels (0 dS/m, 3 dS/m, 6 dS/m, and 9 dS/m) and three genotypes (Surajmukhi, AVT-2 2019 CHIHYB-5, and AVT-2 2019 CHIHYB-6). The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height (at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid content, chlorophyll content, and disease infestation. Among all the genotypes,
 AVT-2 2019 CHIHYB-6 exhibited superior performance when grown under a salinity level of 0 dS/m. It demonstrated desirable plant height at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting (30.06 cm, 32.50 cm, and 78.00 cm, respectively), along with a higher number of fruits per plant (40), average fruit weight (94.86 g), fruit yield per plant (1769.20 g), fruit yield per hectare (65.52 tonn/ha), TSS (6.16 Brix), ascorbic acid content (113 mg/100g), chlorophyll content (34.4 mg/m2), and disease resistant (99%). Significant differences were observed among genotypes and their interactions concerning salinity levels across all attributes investigated.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Amrapali

An experiment on “Effect of Plant growth regulators on fruit yield and fruit quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Amrapali” was conducted at the research plot, College of Horticulture, Chiplima during the year 2020-21 by using Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatments. Three concentrations of NAA i.e. 10, 20 and 30 ppm, three concentrations of GA3 i.e. 10, 20 and 30 ppm and three concentrations of 2,4-D i.e. 10, 20 and 30 ppm were applied at pea and marble stage of fruit. Research work was held on 07 years old plants of mango cv. Amrapali. Highest fruit weight (263.21g), and total yield of 18.34 kg per plant were recorded under T7. The minimum yield (4.41 kg per plant) was recorded under T1 (Control). The highest number of fruits per plant(69.67) and fruit yield (18.34 kg per plant ) was recorded under treatment T7 (30 ppm foliar application of GA3). The maximum TSS: acid ratio (115.81) was obtained with T10 (30 ppm concentration of 2,4-D) which was known to be superior from all other treatments. The minimum TSS: acid ratio (55.00) was estimated under T1. Ascorbic acid content of mango cv. Amrapali ranged from 39.34 mg/100g (T10) to 55.97 mg/100g (T1). The highest total sugar content (14.99 %) was estimated in T10 (2,4-D at 20 ppm) while the lowest total sugar content (10.42 %) was estimated in T1 (Control). T10 (30 ppm foliar applications of 2,4-D) showed maximum ascorbic acid content (55.97 mg/100g), while lowest (39.34 mg/100 g) was recorded under T1 (Control). It is concluded that the foliar application of 30 ppm GA3 (Gibberellic acid) and 30 ppm 2,4-D were found to be optimum concentrations which showed best results by increasing yield and fruit quality of mango cv. Amrapali.

Agronomic growth and yield response of bell pepper (Capsicum annum) fertilized with different levels of lactic acid bacteria serum (LABS) and frequency of irrigation

This study aimed to determine the growth and yield response of Bell pepper applied with different levels of Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS) and find out the interaction effect between the different levels of LABS and frequency of watering. Research study was laid out in 4 x 4 x 3 for Split Plot Design. The main plot has varying frequency of irrigation, namely: F1- Once a day, F2- Twice a day, F3- Every other day, F4- Every two days. The subplot was of different levels of frequency of irrigation: P0- Control, P1- 5ml LABS+995ml, P2-10ml LABS+990, P3- 15 ml LABS+ 985ml. Results of the experiment showed that amount of LABS has highly significant influence on different growth and yield parameters such as plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting, number of functional leaves, number of days from transplanting to flowering and got highest number of fruits, low disease severity in crops and significantly affected the root length.

Effects of Quince Rootstocks and Pear Cultivars on Fruit and Yield Characteristics

The research carried out to evaluate effects of quince rootstocks [Quince Province BA29 (BA29), Quince A(QA), Quince C (MC)], pear cultivars, and research years on fruit quality and yield efficiency in the years 2020-2021. The highest fruit weight was obtained from BA29 (196.02 g), the lowest from MC (158.09 g). In the cultivars the highest fruit weight was obtained from ‘Abate Fetel’ (210.85 g), the lowest from ‘Santa Maria’ (156.73 g). The highest number of fruits (17.06 pieces tree-1), yield per tree (3.13 kg tree-1), yield per hectare (5982.8 kg ha-1) and yield per trunk cross sectional area (0.30 kg cm-2) obtained from BA29 followed by QA. In the cultivars, highest number of fruits (19.60 pieces tree-1), yield per tree (2.98 kg tree-1), yield per hectare (5685.00 kg ha-1) obtained from ‘Santa Maria’. In the research years, pre-harvest fruit drop rate (PHFDR 11.04%) and black spotted fruit rate (BSFR 13.79%) observed to be higher in 2021, while marketable fruit rate (MFR 77.03%) observed to be higher in 2020. In the rootstocks, the highest PHFDR (11.24%) observed on BA29 rootstocks, while highest MFR (73.72%) recorded on QA. In terms of cultivars, the highest PHFDR (10.73%) observed in ‘Williams’, while highest BSFR (16.41%) in ‘Deveci’, and highest MFR (76.31%) in the ‘Santa Maria’. As a conclusion, the highest yield and marketable fruit rate obtained from ‘Santa Maria’ cultivar and yield from BA29 rootstock. It could be suggested semi-dwarf cultivars and rootstocks for suitably performs under high density pear orchards.

PEMBERIAN KONSENTRASI MOL RESALITA DAN PEMANGKASAN PUCUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MENTIMUN

Cucumber (Cucumber SativusL) is one of the types of fruit vegetable plants of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceace) originates from the continent of Asia, and is used as raw material for the beauty industry. The research was carried out from March to June 2023. and Taba Mulan Village, District/Kepahiang. This study used the Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL) method. The first factor was the MOL concentration consisting of 5 levels. The second factor was pruning days which consisted of 5 levels and was repeated 3 times and 5 plant samples so that there were 75 pages. Giving Mol concentration and shoot pruning affected the growth and yield of cucumber plants 100 ml/water and 25 hst. In the M2P2 treatment, the fastest number of flowering ages was 85.1 days. M2P2 (50 ml/liter of water and 14 hst) had the longest fruit length, namely 61.28 cm and the M4P4 treatment (100 ml/liter of water and 25 hst) had the highest number of fruit, namely 5.4 fruit, and a small amount, namely 4.2 fruit.
 
 Keywords :Yield, Cucumber, MOL, Growth

Short Notes: Application of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: Increasing the Yield of Okra

A commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was applied to investigate the response of okra plants, particularly the yield components. Okra plants were separately treated with inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and mycorrhiza. Untreated plants were used as a control (without fertilizers and mycorrhiza). Based on the results, the fruit number per plant, fruit length, and yield were significantly affected by treatments. The high fruit number and yield were observed in plants with mycorrhiza than those plants with fertilizers. The fruit length in plants applied with mycorrhiza was higher than the organic fertilizer, but mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer showed a similarity with inorganic fertilizer and control. The increase yield of okra by application of mycorrhiza was due to the positive association of number of fruits per plant. The fruit length and yield also showed a positive correlation.