The structure and mechanical properties of the 36NKhTYu8M alloy subjected to quenching in nitrogen at a high pressure are studied by electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, mechanical tests, and durometry. The data obtained demonstrate that the highest mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, apparent elastic limit) are achieved upon nitrogen quenching from an optimum heating temperature of 1025°C and subsequent aging at 750°C for 3.5 h. As compared to water quenching and subsequent aging, the strength and elastic properties are higher in this case by 10 and 18%, respectively. This difference is explained by the fact that a hardening phase preliminarily precipitates during slow gaseous quenching. As a result, the decomposition of the solid solution during subsequent aging is facilitated and higher mechanical properties are achieved.