Higher Movement Rates Research Articles

Determinants of Teachers’ Decision to Stay: A Causal Model

A key challenge in any organizations today is staff/employee retention and these organizations made strategies to retain their employees to become the best staff. A common and significant problem in most human capital management systems in education, whether any type of schools or districts, is their incapacity to lessen high teacher turnover as stated by Odden (2011), and prominent in certain urban districts these high rates of teacher movement. Ingersoll (2001) states that the first step to understand why teachers leave is also the first step in getting them to stay. In order for teachers to stay, they need eenvironments that give important professional support from school leadership, to encounter organizational structures that value respect and workforce conditions for induction and mentoring programs for new and experienced teachers. Teacher attrition is teachers who are inside or outside of education, to experience and encounter other professional responsibilities, but give priority time with their families (Macdonald, 1999, Miller & Chait, 2008).

Performance evaluation of Bi/Zn‐impregnated commercial TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic nitrobenzene decomposition

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercial TiO2 nanoparticles were subjected to modification through Bi and Zn metal doping. The resulting catalysts were comprehensively characterized, and their performance was then reviewed for removal of model pollutant nitrobenzene in water.RESULTSAmidst the synthesized catalysts, the co‐doping of Bi/Zn (0.25:0.75 wt%) demonstrated the best photocatalytic degradation activity, achieving 95% degradation within 90 min of reaction time, with 2.99 × 10−2 min−1 rate constant value. The involvement of different radicals during the degradation process was elucidated by employing appropriate radical scavengers. Furthermore, the degradation results were investigated applying the first‐order kinetic model, leading to the determination of reaction rate constants and initial rates of the degradation process.CONCLUSIONAn improved photocatalytic activity was observed with metal doping due to the synergistic effect of doped metals with commercial TiO2 and profound charge transfer among them. It was observed that performance was increased with temperature rise in the practical range of application, that is, 5–20 °C. This behavior was due to high rate of movement of charge carriers. Further, involvement and functioning of various radical species such as h+, OH− and O2− in nitrobenzene degradation were successfully established using appropriate radical scavengers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Range-wide contrast in management outcomes for transboundary Northeast Pacific sablefish

Sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria) of the Northeast Pacific support a highly mobile, valuable fishery resource currently managed as three separate populations. Recent work has shown sablefish to be genetically mixed; have high movement rates; and have synchronous biomass trends, including recent declines. A management strategy evaluation was developed with stakeholders and scientists from three regions to investigate whether spatially structured management paradigms might result in better conservation and economic outcomes. The management strategy evaluation includes a transboundary operating model to represent spatial population dynamics including movement and a delay–difference estimation method with varying spatial complexities and potential stratifications, and harvest control rules. Mismatches in the spatial scale of management and the underlying biological units pose a crucial risk of localized depletion in the southern U.S. West Coast. This study presents one of the first transboundary, spatially-explicit management strategy evaluations conditioned to actual data. These results underscore the importance of spatial management strategy evaluation tools and implications when regional management is conducted in isolation. Future work should incorporate additional spatial hypotheses and investigate the drivers of recruitment patterns range-wide.

Satellite tagging confirms long distance movement and fast dispersal of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the Southwest Atlantic

IntroductionTo better understand Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) movement and habitat in the Southwest Atlantic, fifty popup satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed off Davis Bank on North Scotia Ridge between 2019 and 2020 on individuals ranging from 97-139 cm total length.MethodsPSATs (18 Lotek Wireless PSATFLEX and 32 Wildlife Computers MiniPAT) were programmed to detach after completing 1 to 16-month missions recording pressure (depth) and water temperature.ResultsSix tags failed to report, and among the remaining 44 reporting tags, 34 reported on schedule, up to 487 days at sea – the longest electronic tag deployment for this species to date. Although the majority of PSATs reported within 50 km from the release sites, confirming high site fidelity, 12% of tags reported more than 200 km away, showing connectivity to Shag Rocks and South Georgia in the Southern Ocean. Toothfish moved across the Antarctic Polar Front through/to areas with no fishing activities, and hence, explained the absence of any previous conventional tag recapture. A 1-month transit to the Falkland/Malvinas Plateau Basin also revealed that toothfish can attain a surprisingly high movement rate of 33 km day-1.DiscussionFishery independent examples of toothfish presence and their movement capabilities are inviting us to broaden our examination on how toothfish move around their Scotia Arc habitats and link up different regional aggregation sites in the South Atlantic.

High historical movement rates of Antarctic blue whales on Southern Ocean feeding grounds estimated from Discovery mark data

High historical movement rates of Antarctic blue whales on Southern Ocean feeding grounds estimated from Discovery mark data

스스로 저성취로 인식하는 학습자의 중․고등학교 시기 정서․행동문제 유형과 전이양상 및 관련 변인의 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level, type, transition pattern, and influencing variables of emotional and behavioral problems during middle and high school in learners who perceived themselves as low achievers. For this purpose, we used the 3rd and 5th years (2020, 2022) of the 3rd and 5th year of middle school panel data of the ‘Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018’. The subjects of the study were 1,990 students who participated in the 3rd and 5th years of the survey (3rd year of middle school and 2nd year of high school). 351 (17.64%) low-achieving students were in middle school and 318 (15.98%) were in high school. According to the results, first, among the emotional and behavioral problems of middle and high school students, withdrawal and attention problems were found to be relatively severe. Second, the types of emotional and behavioral problems were classified into five types: emotional and behavioral stability type, externalizing problem dominant type, attention․withdrawal problem dominant type, emotional and behavioral problem attention type, and emotional and behavioral problem concern type. Third, smartphone dependence was consistently shown to be a negative factor in all types of emotional and behavioral problems. Fourth, there was a high rate of movement between the externalizing problem dominant type and the attention․withdrawal dominant type, and between the emotional and behavioral concern type and the emotional and behavioral problem attention type.

Monitoring solifluction movement in space and time: A semi-automated high-resolution approach

Solifluction is the slow downslope movement of soil mass due to freeze-thaw processes. It is widespread on hillslopes in Polar and Alpine regions and contributes substantially to sediment transport. As solifluction lobe movement is in the order of millimeters to centimeters per year, it is difficult to measure with high spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. In this study we developed a semi-automated approach to monitor movement using unmanned aerial vehicles, image co-alignment, and COSI-Corr (Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation) to track slope movement from orthophotos. The method was applied on yearly images acquired between 2017 and 2021 of three solifluction lobes with different degrees of vegetation cover along an elevational gradient in Turtmann Valley, Swiss Alps. We found movement patterns across all three lobes with highest movement rates at the solifluction lobes center and lowest rates at lobe fronts. Overall, at the highest elevations (2560 m) lobe movement rates were highest with up to 14.0 cm yr−1 and intermediate elevations (2417 m) had the lowest values up to 2.9 cm yr−1. The lobe at the lowest elevation (2170 m) showed intermediate movement rates with up to 4.9 cm yr−1 for single years. Our monitoring approach provides yearly, spatially extensive movement estimates across the complete spatial extent of a lobe for each 1 cm2 of its surface, strongly increasing measurement resolution in comparison to traditional solifluction monitoring approaches using point measurements. In comparison to previous close-range remote sensing approaches, the use of a co-alignment procedure for the acquired drone data enabled a time-saving field setup without Ground Control Points (GCPs). The resulting high co-registration accuracy enabled us to detect solifluction movement if it exceeds 5 mm with sparse vegetation cover. Dense vegetation cover limited feature-tracking but detected movement rates and patterns are in the same order of magnitude and matched previous measurements using classical total station measurements at the lowest, mostly vegetated lobe. This study demonstrates the use of drone-based Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and orthophotos in a semi-automated method which reaches the high spatiotemporal resolution necessary to detect subtle movements of solifluction lobes at yearly intervals at the sub-centimeter scale. This provides new insights into solifluction movement and how much it contributes to sediment transport. Therefore, our semi-automated approach has a great potential to uncover the fundamental processes and better understand solifluction movement.

The Effect of an Intentional Functional Movement Warm-Up on Ninth Graders’ Movement Quality

Dysfunctional movement, a suggested contributing factor for musculoskeletal pain and injury, appears to increase as adolescents experience puberty. This study investigated dysfunctional movement among a group of ninth-grade physical education students to determine if a standardized functional movement warm-up (FMWU) would improve movement quality more than a regular physical education warm-up. The FMWU group (n = 22) completed the assigned warm-up 3 times/week over 9 weeks, whereas the regular warm-up (RWU) group (n = 22) completed a regular dynamic warm-up. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was used in the assessment of movement quality pre and post. The FMS total composite mean score was 12.20 (SD = 1.56). Additionally, 45.5% of participants had at least one asymmetry and 93.2% scored a 1 on at least one FMS task. There was a significant Group × Time interaction, F(1, 42) = 11.27, p = .002. The FMWU group significantly improved for the total composite score, deep squat (DS), rotatory stability, and scores of 1. All other measures of movement trended positively for the FMWU group except the inline lunge (ILL), which remained the same. The RWU group slightly or significantly worsened in the DS, ILL, active straight leg raise, and hurdle step, and the total composite score did not change. The findings of this study suggest there is a high rate of dysfunctional movement among ninth-grade adolescents and an intentionally designed FMWU is an efficient method of addressing movement quality in physical education.

Epidemic spread on patch networks with community structure

Predicting and preparing for the trajectory of disease epidemics relies on a knowledge of environmental and socioeconomic factors that affect transmission rates on local and global spatial scales. This article discusses the simulation of epidemic outbreaks on human metapopulation networks with community structure, such as cities within national boundaries, for which infection rates vary both within and between communities. We demonstrate mathematically, through next-generation matrices, that the structures of these communities, setting aside all other considerations such as disease virulence and human decision-making, have a profound effect on the reproduction rate of the disease throughout the network. In high modularity networks, with high levels of separation between neighboring communities, disease epidemics tend to spread rapidly in high-risk communities and very slowly in others, whereas in low modularity networks, the epidemic spreads throughout the entire network as a steady pace, with little regard for variations in infection rate. The correlation between network modularity and effective reproduction number is stronger in population with high rates of human movement. This implies that the community structure, human diffusion rate, and disease reproduction number are all intertwined, and the relationships between them can be affected by mitigation strategies such as restricting movement between and within high-risk communities. We then test through numerical simulation the effectiveness of movement restriction and vaccination strategies in reducing the peak prevalence and spread area of outbreaks. Our results show that the effectiveness of these strategies depends on the structure of the network and the properties of the disease. For example, vaccination strategies are most effective in networks with high rates of diffusion, whereas movement restriction strategies are most effective in networks with high modularity and high infection rates. Finally, we offer guidance to epidemic modelers as to the ideal spatial resolution to balance accuracy and data collection costs.

Stabilisierung eines Kriechhangs für den Sicherheitsausbau der S31 Burgenland Schnellstraße

AbstractDuring the construction of the S31 Burgenland expressway in the 1980s, a deep‐seated landslide was activated in the Sieggraben area (Central Burgenland, Austria) on the E8 cutting slope over a length of about 200 m. At that time, the high movement rate of the landslide could only be controlled by flattening the slope significantly. At the beginning of the 2000s, additional stabilising piles (dowels) were installed in combination with a deep groundwater drainage system. Although the landslide was stabilised by these measures, discrete zones of weakness, i.e. shear zones, remained in the subsoil due to the original slope movement. For widening the expressway in 2018 to 2021, the toe of the E8 embankment had to be set back by up to about 6 m. Due to this change in the existing stress condition, it was feared that the pre‐existing shear zones would be reactivated. In order to maintain the safety level, structural reinforcement measures as well as a monitoring concept based on the Observational Method were needed during the construction phase.

Behavioural responses of a cold-water benthivore to loss of oxythermal habitat

Climate-driven declines in oxythermal habitat in freshwater lakes can impose prolonged constraints on cold-water fishes sensitive to hypoxia. How fish cope with severe habitat limitations is not well understood, yet has implications for their persistence. Here, we use acoustic-positioning telemetry to assess seasonal habitat occupancy and activity patterns of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), a cold-water benthivore, in a small boreal lake that regularly faces severe oxythermal constraints during summer stratification. During this stratified period, they rarely (< 15% of detections) occupied depths with water temperatures > 10 °C (interquartile range = 5.3–7.9 °C), which resulted in extensive use (> 90% of detections) of water with < 4 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen (DO; interquartile range = 0.3–5.3 mg L−1). Lake whitefish were least active in winter and spring, but much more active in summer, when only a small portion of the lake (1–10%) contained optimal oxythermal habitat (< 10 °C and > 4 mg L−1 DO), showing frequent vertical forays into low DO environments concurrent with extensive lateral movement (7649 m d−1). High rates of lateral movement (8392 m d−1) persisted in the complete absence of optimal oxythermal habitat, but without high rates of vertical forays. We found evidence that lake whitefish are more tolerant of hypoxia (< 2 mg L−1) than previously understood, with some individuals routinely occupying hypoxic habitat in winter (up to 93% of detections) despite the availability of higher DO habitat. The changes in movement patterns across the gradient of habitat availability indicate that the behavioural responses of lake whitefish to unfavourable conditions may lead to changes in foraging efficiency and exposure to physiological stress, with detrimental effects on their persistence.

Optimising response to an introduction of African swine fever in wild pigs.

African swine fever virus (ASFv) is a virulent pathogen that threatens domestic swine industries globally and persists in wild boar populations in some countries. Persistence in wild boar can challenge elimination and prevent disease-free status, making it necessary to address wild swine in proactive response plans. In the United States, invasive wild pigs are abundant and found across a wide range of ecological conditions that could drive different epidemiological dynamics among populations. Information on the size of the control areas required to rapidly eliminate the ASFv in wild pigs and how this area should change with management constraints and local ecology is needed to optimize response planning. We developed a spatially explicit disease transmission model contrasting wild pig movement and contact ecology in two ecosystems in Southeastern United States. We simulated ASFv spread and determined the optimal response area (reported as the radius of a circle) for eliminating ASFv rapidly over a range of detection times (when ASFv was detected relative to the true date of introduction), culling capacities (proportion of wild pigs in the culling zone removed weekly) and wild pig densities. Large radii for response areas (14km) were needed under most conditions but could be shortened with early detection (≤ 8 weeks) and high culling capacities (≥ 15% weekly). Under most conditions, the ASFv was eliminated in less than 22 weeks using optimal control radii, although ecological conditions with high rates of wild pig movement required higher culling capacities (≥ 10% weekly) for elimination within 1 year. The results highlight the importance of adjusting response plans based on local ecology and show that wild pig movement is a better predictor of the optimal response area than the number of ASFv cases early in the outbreak trajectory. Our framework provides a tool for determining optimal control plans in different areas, guiding expectations of response impacts, and planning resources needed for rapid elimination.

Short‐term movement dynamics of the world’s largest sea cucumbers (genus Thelenota)

AbstractMovement studies on marine animals can inform conservation and fishery management planning through data that explain likely dispersals and home‐ranging behaviours. Relatively few studies are documented for exploited marine invertebrates, despite many having a high ecological and commercial value. We assessed the diurnal movement patterns of Thelenota ananas and Thelenota anax, the world's largest sea cucumbers, which are highly exploited throughout the Indo‐Pacific. At two coral reef sites at Lizard Island, northern Australia, we tracked the 2‐hourly displacement of individuals from morning to nightfall. Movement of T. ananas was more reef‐associated and tortuous than T. anax. Displacement rates averaged 80 cm h−1 (±8 SE) for T. ananas and 73 cm h−1 (±20) for T. anax. Body size accounted for half of the variation in displacement for T. ananas. Mobility peaked in the late afternoon or early evening for both species, and animals tended to reverse their direction of travel after midday. The data reflect a pattern of animals meandering out from their reef shelters onto sandy lagoon floors to forage, before returning to the reefs. This empirical evidence offers further support that these holothuroids contribute to the formation of “reef halos”. The exceptionally high movement rates and patterns found in this study should inform the design of spatial management measures.

Home Range and Space Use of Northern Bobwhite Under Two Different Management Models in Southwestern Missouri

Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) management in Missouri, USA has traditionally been focused on providing an interspersion of grass, crop, old field, and woody cover juxtaposed to disked idle areas and food plots to maintain bobwhite populations. This traditional model is implemented with the goal of providing all essential habitat components within 40-acre blocks throughout a larger area used by a population. While this model can produce usable bobwhite space in agriculture-dominated landscapes, it may not be the most effective or efficient approach to producing and maintaining bobwhite in grassland-dominated landscapes. In southwestern Missouri native tallgrass prairie conservation areas are managed primarily with historical ecological processes, such as fire and grazing, to produce the desired patchy habitat mosaic. Additionally, it has been on these native tallgrass prairie conservation areas that managers have seen the most stable and productive bobwhite populations. Over a 5-year period (2014–2018) we quantified movements of northern bobwhite on 3 traditionally managed areas (n = 185) and on 3 managed native tallgrass prairie conservation areas (n = 211) to determine whether home range sizes and space use differed between these two management models. We used the 6-month (Apr–Sep) breeding period to determine core area, home range, mean movement rate, and maximum distance moved. Overall (pooled) home ranges of bobwhite did not differ significantly between traditional and grassland managed areas; however, there were significant yearly differences between management models and study areas. Males generally had larger home range sizes and had higher movement rates than females. For the 5 years of the study few birds made long-distance movements (>1.6 km; 3%), and all remained relatively close to capture locations in winter (Feb–Mar). For both traditional and grassland managed areas, bobwhite selected for areas that had disturbance (fire and grazing) in the last 2 years and for the native grassland vegetation type. These findings suggest that areas managed under the grassland management model provide preferred habitat for bobwhite and could result in significant improvement in habitat quality for tallgrass prairie wildlife.

Grizzly bear response to translocation into a novel environment

Context To mitigate conservation conflicts, some jurisdictions translocate large carnivores into novel environments where they have no previous experience. Behavioural responses of these individuals are not typically monitored to evaluate the impacts of this management approach on the animals or populations. Aims We examined how grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) involved in conservation conflict responded to novel environments after translocation. Methods We used GPS location data to compare grizzly bears translocated to a novel environment (n = 12) with bears resident within the new area (n = 12). Our analyses investigated differences between these groups in relation to exploration behaviour, habitat use and response to human-caused mortality risk. Key results Translocated bears had higher movement rates, greater daily displacement and revisited areas less frequently than did resident bears. They spent more time in poor-quality habitat and the habitat used was of even lower quality in the second year after translocation. Translocated bears selected for agricultural lands and active oil and gas wellsites. They also spent more time in areas with higher potential mortality risk than resident bears. However, translocated bears avoided residential areas, which resident bears selected, and crossed roads at the same rate as did resident bears. Both groups avoided campgrounds and recreation sites. Only 25% of bears engaged in further conflict behaviour after translocation and 67% of translocated bears survived over the 2-year monitoring period. Conclusions This work found differences in exploration behaviour and habitat use between translocated and resident bears, and showed that translocated bears can survive without reoffending during the critical few years following translocation. Implications Managers and the public should recognise potential impacts for translocating grizzly bears. Translocated bears require time to explore and learn within their new environment, a process that can occur without repeating conflict. When conflict behaviour does re-occur, it should be viewed as a part of animal learning and not immediately as failure. On the basis of the amount of time translocated bears spent near humans and anthropogenic features, our findings suggest that translocated bears do not pose a greater threat to humans than do resident bears.

Habitat Specialization by Wildlife Reduces Pathogen Spread in Urbanizing Landscapes.

AbstractUrban areas are expanding globally with far-reaching ecological consequences, including for wildlife-pathogen interactions. Wildlife show tremendous variation in their responses to urbanization; even within a single population, some individuals can specialize on urban or natural habitat types. This specialization could alter pathogen impacts on host populations via changes to wildlife movement and aggregation. Here, we build a mechanistic model to explore how habitat specialization in urban landscapes affects interactions between a mobile host population and a density-dependent specialist pathogen that confers no immunity. We model movement on a network of resource-stable urban sites and resource-fluctuating natural sites, where hosts are urban specialists, natural specialists, or generalists that use both patch types. We find that for generalists, natural and partially urban landscapes produce the highest infection prevalence and mortality, driven by high movement rates at natural sites and high densities at urban sites. However, habitat specialization protects hosts from these negative effects of partially urban landscapes by limiting movement between patch types. These findings suggest that habitat specialization can benefit populations by reducing infectious disease transmission, but by reducing movement between habitat types it could also carry the cost of reducing other movement-related ecosystem functions, such as seed dispersal and pollination.

Development of endurance in cross-country skiers aged 13-14

Relevance. The age period of 13-14 years is characterized by the fact that there are prerequisites for the development of both aerobic and anaerobic energy supply pathways. At the same time, active restructuring of the central nervous system makes it possible to effectively correct the development of coordination abilities. The special endurance of ski racers is determined by the ability to maintain a high rate of movement and the ability to rebuild high-speed movement parameters.Purpose. Increasing the level of special endurance among ski racers aged 13-14.Methodology and organization of the research. The content of the pedagogical experiment is the use in the experimental group of a specially selected set of exercises aimed at developing coordination, strength endurance, psychological stability, improving techniques and tactics of movement on skis. The pedagogical experiment was conducted directly during the training sessions.The results of the research. We have developed a methodology for developing endurance among ski racers at the stage of sports specialization, based on the inclusion of exercises for the development of speed and power endurance in the training program.Conclusions. An increase in the results of the athletes of the experimental group was observed in all tests compared with the control group. Thus, it can be argued that the methodology we have developed for the development of special endurance is effective for use in the training process of ski racers at the stage of sports specialization.

High alpine geotechnical real time monitoring and early warning at a large imminent rock slope failure (Hochvogel, GER/AUT)

Monitoring and early warning systems based on process dynamics gain importance to cope with an increasing number of alpine hazards. The imminent Hochvogel rock slope failure (up to ca. 260,000 m3) is paradigmatic of natural carbonate slope failure dynamics and a benchmark site for developing an effective monitoring and early warning system. The analysis of process dynamics shows constant movement rates (12 mm/a) over the last 3 years but also a response of specific cracks to heavy precipitation events resulting in factor 5 higher movement rates during wet periods. Here, we show valuable lessons learnt during the development of a reliable monitoring system under challenging environmental conditions. The insights into pre-failure slope dynamics acquired at the Hochvogel will help to detect precursors of a final failure and to warn early.

Role of ICT in Crisis and Emergency Management: A Case of Nepalese Education Perspective

The COVID-19, a pandemic caused by acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2, was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It spread across the world leading the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As WHO confirmed human to human transmission of COVID-19 and given the high rate of international movement that happens on a daily basis from and to all countries, Nepal has not remained unaffected by the pandemic. The objectives of this paper is to highlight major impacts of COVID-19 in education sectors in Nepal and use of ICT to cope with this pandemic. Different cases and impacts of COVID-19 were taken in this study and significance of ICT have been highlighted to minimize international pandemic.

Evolutionary process modeling with Bayesian inference of Spodoptera frugiperda ballooning and walking dispersal in Bt and non‐Bt cotton plant mixtures

AbstractTransgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) have been cultivated throughout the world as a great technological tool for developing integrated pest management. We hypothesized that artificial landscapes containing Bt and non‐Bt cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae) at small scales could influence dispersal by ballooning of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We also simulated how ballooning dispersal combined with walking movement could impact resistance evolution in various scenarios of plant mixtures involving non‐Bt and Bt cotton plants with high‐dose and low‐dose events. The ballooning frequency of Cry1F‐resistant larvae in a treatment with non‐Bt cotton as a natal plant and Bt cotton in adjacent sites was two‐fold lower compared to when Bt cotton was the natal plant and non‐Bt cotton was in the adjacent sites. Our model results suggested that the higher rate of walking movement associated with ballooning promoted faster resistance evolution in low‐dose events, and contamination of Bt cotton fields with non‐Bt cotton plants in a high‐dose event showed the longest time to resistance. Therefore, a high rate of walking movement associated with ballooning negatively impacted the time for resistance to evolve in low‐dose events.