High Monetary Value Research Articles

Nutrient Elements Contained in Tuber aestivum (Summer Truffle) Mushroom

Truffles have been known as valuable food for centuries, especially in France and Italy, and they have high monetary value and grow under the soil. They grow naturally in the Mediterranean climate zone, including our country. The aromas emitted by different Tuber species are highly varied; these strong, intense, persistent aromas are essential for attracting animals and insects that pick up and disperse the spores. These aromas are also the characteristics that determine the high value of fresh truffles. In recent years, truffles have attracted the attention of a wide range of people for their nutritional value and have become a soughtafter food by chefs, especially in European kitchens. Truffles are more decadent in protein and mineral content than other mushrooms. Its nutritional value contains 53-76% water, 9% protein, 7% carbohydrates and 8% minerals.Tuber aestivum samples, were subjected to extraction after being collected in appropriate periods, and their phenolic components, B group vitamins and vitamin C content were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Headspace GC/MSD. According to the analysis results, the three most effective phenolic components p-Hydroxy benzoic acid 12.29 ± 0.37%, Gentisic acid 12.25 ± 0.27%, Protocatechuic acid 10.53 ± 0.74%. 74%, Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) 2.88 ± 0.13%, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 1.13 ± 0.23%, Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) 0.62 ± 0.01%, Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) 0.58 ± 0.03% were determined at high rates. Truffles are marketed as fresh and processed products. In addition to being used as sauces or spices in meals, they have the potential to be processed into truffle oil or truffle butter. Since the aromatic properties of truffles are lost together with the essential oils when cooked at high temperatures, it is preferred to be consumed fresh without cooking. It also has special extraordinary place in the perfumery industry.

Exploring the social value and design preferences for a home-based dementia community program in Australia.

We study the monetary value and the relative importance of several program characteristics for an evidence-based intervention provided at home for people living with dementia and their carers in Australia. Using a discrete choice experiment, advised through an expert and consumer co-design approach, we consider the total number of sessions, the delivery mode, the primary outcome and focus of the program as well as its costs as attributes. Results from a representative sample of the Australian adult population show a high willingness to pay for the program overall, even greater than the actual costs. Choice data from 940 respondents show preferences for in-person sessions over telehealth options and respondents place a high value on improving mood and dementia-related behaviour as well as independence in daily activities. Preference heterogeneity shows that people who have experience with home care services place an even higher monetary value on the program, compared to the rest of the sample. In light of the increased emphasis of governments on expanding home care options over residential care, these results contribute towards the design and implementation of a home-based program for people with dementia and their carers and highlight its social value.

Securing transactions: a hybrid dependable ensemble machine learning model using IHT-LR and grid search

Financial institutions and businesses face an ongoing challenge from fraudulent transactions, prompting the need for effective detection methods. Detecting credit card fraud is crucial for identifying and preventing unauthorized transactions. While credit card fraud incidents are relatively rare, they can result in substantial financial losses, particularly due to the high monetary value associated with fraudulent transactions. Timely detection of fraud enables investigators to take swift actions to mitigate further losses. However, the investigation process is often time-consuming, limiting the number of alerts that can be thoroughly examined each day. Therefore, the primary objective of a fraud detection model is to provide accurate alerts while minimizing false alarms and missed fraud cases. In this paper, we introduce a state-of-the-art hybrid ensemble (ENS) dependable machine learning (ML) model that intelligently combines multiple algorithms with proper weighted optimization using grid search, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and multilayer perceptron (MLP), to enhance fraud identification. To address the data imbalance issue, we employ the instant hardness threshold (IHT) technique in conjunction with logistic regression (LR), surpassing conventional approaches. Our experiments are conducted on a publicly available credit card dataset comprising 284,807 transactions. The proposed model achieves impressive accuracy rates of 99.66%, 99.73%, 98.56%, and 99.79%, and a perfect 100% for the DT, RF, KNN, MLP and ENS models, respectively. The hybrid ensemble model outperforms existing works, establishing a new benchmark for detecting fraudulent transactions in high-frequency scenarios. The results highlight the effectiveness and reliability of our approach, demonstrating superior performance metrics and showcasing its exceptional potential for real-world fraud detection applications.

Método para inspeção de sistemas de proteção de descargas atmosféricas: Plantas de armazenamento de grãos

ABSTRACT Brazil has the highest incidence of atmospheric discharges, on average of 77.8 million hitting the country yearly. Companies providing post-harvest services have a high monetary value concentrated in their predominantly metallic structures. Atmospheric discharge protection systems (ADPS) are used in this context to protect the facilities and people, composed of several elements that require visual inspection with a certain periodicity, an activity framed as working at height. This research aimed to establish a methodology for employing a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) in the visual analysis of the operational condition of external atmospheric discharge protection systems components located in grain storage structures to collect information during the preliminary risk analysis and planning of activities at height. A survey of the current literature related to the subject was carried out, in addition to the norms, inspection agencies, and operational prerequisites of this type of equipment in the national territory. Finally, a method was created and validated based on the inspection checklist with the main points for checking, which generates a score that represents the urgency level of intervention, applied in a unit located in western Paraná, Brazil, on 11/28/2022. This procedure eliminated the risk of workers falling during the planning and inspection stage of the structures, which helped the qualified professional to issue the technical inspection report more quickly. The disadvantage is related to the dependence on favorable weather conditions.

ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF REPRESENTATIVE SMALL SCALE DAIRY PRODUCTION UNITS TO 2027

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small-scale dairy systems are vital in rural communities and strategic for livelihoods an economic development. <strong>Objective:</strong> To estimate the economic and financial viability of small-scale dairy Representative Production Units (RPU) in the high plateau of the State of Mexico using a Monte Carlo simulation. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Net yields were estimated for a 5-year planning horizon via simulated values for the distribution of input and product processes, establishing 2022 as the base scenario. A stochastic modelling approach was used to determine the economic and financial outlook considering the cost of two sources of labor for the simulations: (1) Cost of family labor (FL); and (2) Cost of external hired labor (EL). <strong>Results</strong>: A panorama of economic viability was evidenced. However, a lack of financial wellbeing was also determined. When FL was factored in, net income was estimated in $17.99 thousand USD in 2023 and $26.35 thousand USD in 2027. On the other hand, considering EL resulted in a net income of $9.88 thousand USD in 2023 and $16.31 USD in 2027. The Net Present Value in 2027 was calculated at $-161.84 thousand USD and $-191.27 thousand USD, with FL and EL, respectively. While the RPUs were determined to be competitive, the level of risk was significant due to the high monetary value, limited degree of specialization of the RPUs, and the prevailing volatile scenario at the time. <strong>Implications: </strong>This study can enable decision-makers, on one hand, to analyze and design policies and differentiated strategies for small-scale dairy production systems. On the other hand, it can empower dairy farmers to assess scenarios of technical and productive intervention. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The financial and economic weakening of the studied RPU could have negative implications in terms of public policy, labor, marketing, value chains, and the persistence of producers in such activity.</p>

How healthy participants value additional diagnostic testing with amyloid-PET in patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment — a bidding game experiment

BackgroundTo estimate the perceived value of additional testing with amyloid-PET in Euros in healthy participants acting as analogue patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsOne thousand four hundred thirty-one healthy participants acting as analogue MCI patients (mean age 65 ± 8, 929 (75%) female) were recruited via the Dutch Brain Research Registry. Participants were asked to identify with a presented case (video vignette) of an MCI patient and asked whether they would prefer additional diagnostic testing with amyloid PET in this situation. If yes, respondents were asked how much they would be willing to pay for additional diagnostic testing. Monetary value was elicited via a bidding game in which participants were randomized over three conditions: (A) additional testing results in better patient management, (B) Same as condition A and a delay in institutionalization of 3 months, and (C) same as A and a delay in institutionalization of 6 months. Participants who were not willing to take a test were compared with participants who were willing to take a test using logit models. The highest monetary value per condition was analyzed using random-parameter mixed models.ResultsThe vast majority of participants acting as analogue MCI patients (87% (n = 1238)) preferred additional testing with amyloid PET. Participants who were not interested were more often female (OR = 1.61 95% CI [1.09–2.40]) and expressed fewer worries to get AD (OR = 0.64 [0.47–0.87]). The median “a priori” (i.e., before randomization) monetary value of additional diagnostic testing was €1500 (IQR 500–1500). If an additional amyloid PET resulted in better patient management (not further specified; condition A), participants were willing to pay a median price of €2000 (IQR = 1000–3500). Participants were willing to pay significantly more than condition A (better patient management) if amyloid-PET testing additionally resulted in a delay in institutionalization of 3 months (€530 [255–805] on top of €2000, condition B) or 6 months (€596 [187–1005] on top of €2000, condition C).ConclusionsMembers of the general population acting as MCI patients are willing to pay a substantial amount of money for amyloid-PET and this increases when diagnostic testing leads to better patient management and the prospect to live longer at home.

Heterogeneity in sequential network formation games

In the benchmark model of network formation by Bala and Goyal (2000), the equilibrium network is known as the Center-Sponsored Star (CSS), wherein one player establishes a link with every other player. However, laboratory experiments have shown that CSS do not emerge due to coordination failure and fairness concerns. The difficulty arises from the fact that participants are homogeneous and make simultaneous decisions, making it highly challenging for them to converge on an asymmetric network. In this study, we addressed this coordination issue by introducing a sequential linking decision process. Furthermore, we introduced heterogeneity among the participants and examined whether the presence of a special individual (such as one with a higher monetary value or a different status) affected the network structure. The results revealed that the sequential decision-making process enables the coordination on fair and efficient networks, but not CSS. The impact of heterogeneity varies depending on the type of heterogeneity: the participants with higher values attract more links, leading to increased network asymmetry, whereas non-monetary heterogeneity does not influence linking decisions.

Investing in Social Capital

Social capital is akin to actual capital in that people with more money are typically better off and have easier access to investment opportunities. The purpose of the study is to determine how and why communities in Ifugao continue to invest in social capital in their cultural practices. Ethnography as a qualitative design, is the inquiry used in this study. Participant’s observation, along with interviews and coupled with focus group discussion are the tools used in collecting data. The data gathered were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that majority of the performers and participants are above 55 years old, male, married, college graduates, government employees, and have a monthly salary of over 40,000 Php. Most of the attendees to Ifugao birthdays, engagements, weddings, and death wakes perceived that non-monetary benefits were achieved such as strengthening bonds between families and close friends, bridging links with faraway friends, and connecting relationships with other participants. In terms of investment, the wedding has a high cost, high return, and high return monetary value, while death has a low cost and high return monetary value. Ifugao (Tuwali) cultural community invest in social capital strengthen their families, friends, and communities’ bonds, connections, trust, and reciprocity.

Epistemic justice in flood-adaptive green infrastructure planning: The recognition of local experiential knowledge in Thorncliffe Park, Toronto

Evidence shows that green infrastructure planning relies on technocratic and economic valuation approaches to protect lands of high monetary value against flooding without considering climate justice. Contrasting epistemic justice against recognition and socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services, this study explores how flood-adaptive green infrastructure planning may recognize and include the local experiential knowledge of under-represented groups. We focus on Thorncliffe Park, a dense tower neighborhood with a low-income immigrant population in Toronto, Canada, to explore: (1) the local experiential knowledge of residents about floods, climate-adaptive green infrastructure, and structural vulnerabilities; (2) the root causes of epistemic injustice in previous adaptive green infrastructure interventions; (3) siting options for future adaptive green infrastructure. The methodology includes 199 online surveys -among Thorncliffe Park's residents and 20 in-depth interviews with local community leaders and Toronto-based planning experts, policy reviews. Additionally, a spatial component consists of 120 online participatory mapping activities and spatial analysis of surface run-offs. Our findings -reveal that Thorncliffe Park residents are excluded from adaptive green infrastructure planning because flood management -remains a technocratic process -grounded in economic valuation approaches and technical justifications. Our findings -indicate that decision-makers have not credited residents’ needs and testimonies over decades due to -historical racial and socio-economic prejudice toward Thorncliffe Park's residents. We also -identify four hermeneutical barriers that prevent residents from impacting decisions, namely a lack of: social networks, citizenship rights, climate awareness opportunities, and communicational tools.

Comparative evaluation of cassava composite flours and bread

Abstract. Abu MS. 2023. Comparative evaluation of cassava composite flours and bread. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 21: 13-17. Wheat imports into Nigeria have a high monetary value of NGN 635 billion annually. The recent data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) trade report shows that Nigeria has spent NGN 258.3 billion on wheat imports in the first three months of 2021, despite the government continuing to encourage local production, such as composite flour. Composite flour combines several flours from roots, tubers, cereals, and legumes with or without adding wheat flour. This study evaluated the functional properties of composite flour produced from potato, cassava, and soybean and the effect of fortification on microbial growth on the produced bread. The flour variations were prepared at 50: 50 (%w/w), then the proximate composition, mineral contents, and functional properties were analyzed. The composite flour comprises WCF = 400 g wheat flour + 400 g cassava flour. CPF = 400 g of cassava + 400 g of sweet potatoes. CSF = 400 g of cassava + 400 g of soybean. The dry ingredients for making dough were 800 g of flours/composite flours, 100 g of butter, 100 g of sugar, and 5 g of yeast thoroughly mixed with warm water to obtain the dough. Exactly 110 g of the dough was placed in the baking pan and kept at room temperature for 20 minutes to ripe. The ripe dough was baked in the oven for 15 minutes. The bread was allowed to cool for further analysis, including the sensory evaluation and the microbial load of the finished products. Bread production uses CP, CS, WC flours, whole wheat, and cassava flours. The Swelling Capacity (SWC) showed that the Wheat Flour (WF) (11.00 ± 1%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Cassava Flour (CF) (6.33 ± 0.58%) and Cassava-Soybean Flour (CSF) (6.67 ± 0.58%). On the other hand, Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) revealed that the Wheat Flour (WF) (1.74 ± 0.24 g H2O/g flour) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than CF (2.10 ± 0.08 g H2O/g flour) and Cassava-Potato Flour (CPF) (2.16 ± 0.07 g H2O/g flour). The Oil Absorption Capacity (OAC) showed that wheat flour (WF) (1.80 ± 0.15 g oil/g flour) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than CF (2.41 ± 0.07 g H2O/g oil), CPF (2.21 ± 0.81 g oil/g flour) and CSF (2.15 ± 0.10 g oil/g flour). The microbial density was higher on the Wheat-Flour Bread, WFB, followed by cassava flour bread, CFB. There was a lower microbial growth in cassava-potato flour bread, CPFB. The functional properties and the sensory evaluation of the composite flour bread indicated substantial feasibility of using legume/tuber composite flours in bread production.

The role of effort type and intensity in children's decisions about effort‐based outcomes

AbstractDespite the importance of persistence in early learning, we know little about how children reason about outcomes that result from their efforts. Here we examined the role of effort type (i.e., physical vs. cognitive) and intensity (i.e., high vs. low effort) in shaping children's decision making about effort‐based rewards. Five‐ to 7‐year‐olds (N = 133) were assigned to one of four conditions (High Physical Effort, Low Physical Effort, High Cognitive Effort, Low Cognitive Effort) and completed a series of tasks to construct a toy. Tasks varied in the type (physical/cognitive) and intensity (high/low) of effort required to complete them. After constructing their toy, children completed a series of tasks to probe how much they valued that toy. Across conditions, children preferred their toy and gave it a higher monetary value, relative to a stranger's. However, when choosing their toy came at a cost, children no longer preferred it. Only children who built their toy through either cognitive or low effort were willing to incur a cost for their toy. Older children, across conditions, were also more likely to incur a cost for their toy. These findings demonstrate that by age five, children are sensitive to variations in effort type and intensity, and these factors shape how they evaluate effort‐based rewards.

Learned value modulates the access to visual awareness during continuous flash suppression

Monetary value enhances visual perception and attention and boosts activity in the primary visual cortex, however, it is still unclear whether monetary value can modulate the conscious access to rewarding stimuli. Here we investigate this issue by employing a breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm. We measured suppression durations of sinusoidal gratings having orthogonal orientations under CFS in adult volunteers before and after a short session of Pavlovian associative learning in which each orientation was arbitrarily associated either with high or low monetary reward. We found that monetary value accelerated the access to visual awareness during CFS. Specifically, after the associative learning, suppression durations of the visual stimulus associated with high monetary value were shorter compared to the visual stimulus associated with low monetary value. Critically, the effect was replicated in a second experiment using a detection task for b-CFS that was orthogonal to the reward associative learning. These results indicate that monetary reward facilitates the access to awareness of visual stimuli associated with monetary value probably by boosting their representation at the early stages of visual processing in the brain.

Assessment of Food and Nutrition Insecurity using Food Consumption Data in Central Sudan

This study aims to assess the food and nutrition insecurity among different income quintiles in Central Sudan. Particularly, it seeks to determine the level of dietary energy consumption (DEC) and other macronutrients intake. In addition, it estimates the Engel ratios and income elasticity of food demand. A sample of about 668 households was selected from Khartoum State to collect the primary data during the year 2017. Primary data was collected through two types of questionnaires, the structured household questionnaire, and the 24-hour food recall questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA Table. The outcomes prove that income contributes extensively to DEC as well as intakes of protein, carbohydrates, and fat. The households in the lowest income quintile spend a high monetary value to purchase foods when compared with households in other income quintiles. The Engel ratios exhibit that the share of food consumption from the total income for the lowest income quintile is about 62%, which is higher relative to the highest income quintile (43.6%). In addition, Engel ratios varies significantly among the income quintiles at level 1%. The income elasticity of food demand in dietary energy consumption is higher for the lowest income quintile (0.49) than the highest income quintile (0.23). This indicates that a little increase in income will contribute significantly to better nutritional status for the lowest income quintile. Eventually, the paper recommends improving income earnings through income-based policies to reduce the level of food deprivation. The government should adopt specific market policies that focus on the low-income level to enhance access to nutritious foods.

The value of banknotes: relevance of size, colour and design

In the current study, we evaluate the relevance of three physical features when people retrieve the monetary value of banknotes. To this end, three monetary comparison tasks were designed in which in each trial a pair of banknotes were presented and participants selected the one with higher monetary value. In each task, a different banknote feature (size, colour and design) was examined and a congruent and an incongruent condition (the value of the physical feature corresponded or not to its actual value, respectively) were compared to a neutral condition (no information about the physical feature was provided). We found a pattern of facilitation and interference effects which suggests that size is the most relevant physical feature for accessing the monetary value of banknotes followed by colour. However, the availability of a variety of designs across banknotes seemed not to facilitate the performance of the task, but rather the opposite, hindering the monetary comparison task.

Monetary evaluation of supporting ecosystem services as a habitat provider for birds in Thailand urban park

Abstract. Yarnvudhi A, Leksungnoen N, Siri S, Ponpithuk Y, Sukmasuang R, Duengkae P, Pongcharoen C, Sutummawong N, Marod D, Wachrinrat C, Premashthira A, Tor-ngern P, Poungcharean S, Hermuk S, Kachina P. 2022. Monetary evaluation of supporting ecosystem services as a habitat provider for birds in Thailand urban park. Biodiversitas 23: 4747-4758. Supporting services are important services to maintain ecosystems by providing habitats for organisms and genetic diversity. In this study, the monetary value of supporting services for bird habitats in urban parks was evaluated based on the price for nursing each bird species and market value. Bird diversity was conducted using point count observation. We found total of 53 bird species, 27 families and 8 orders in the park. Total monetary benefit for bird habitats in this park was estimated to be around USD60,354.12 per individual bird with an average value of USD1,138.76 per bird per species. The top three species with the highest monetary value were the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans), and Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus). The species diversity index of the bird community (H') was 2.73 and the most abundant bird species were Eastern Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis), Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), Eastern jungle crow (Corvus levaillantii), Oriental magpie robin (Copsychus saularis), and Coppersmith Barbet (Psilopogon haemacephalus). Among 4 microhabitats, birds were found the most in the trees, followed by lawn, grassland, and wetland areas. The small urban parks should be designed with diverse microhabitats to provide various ecological functions to attract and ensure adequate resources for organisms.

Place-based disadvantage, social exclusion and the value of mobility

Connections between mobility and social exclusion have been of research and policy interest for some years, a high monetary value being estimated for additional trips by those at risk of mobility-related exclusion. Those monetary values have been based on individual-level characteristics. To date, the influence of place, or neighbourhood, on risk of social exclusion and on the associated value of trip making by at-risk people has not been considered. This paper adds a measure of neighbourhood to individual factors to explore risk of social exclusion and then shows how the monetary value of additional trips varies by level of social exclusion risk.

Food purchases in households with and without diabetes based on consumer purchase data

ObjectivesDietary recommendations for individuals with diabetes are easy to provide, but adherence is difficult to monitor. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in grocery purchases between households with and without diabetes. Study designCohort study. MethodsConsumer purchase data in 2019 was collected from 6662 households donating their supermarket receipts via a receipt collecting service. Of these households, 718 included at least one individual with diabetes. The monetary percentages spent on specific food groups were used to characterize households using all purchases in 2019. A probability index model was used to compare households with diabetes to households without diabetes. ResultsWe included 405,264 shopping trips in 2019 attributed to 6662 households. Both households with and without diabetes spent the highest monetary percentage on sweets (with diabetes: 9.3%, without diabetes: 8.8%), with no statistically significant difference detected. However, compared to households without diabetes, households with diabetes had a significantly higher probability of spending a higher monetary percentage on butter, oil and dressings; non-sugary drinks; processed red meat and ready meals as well as a significantly lower probability of spending a higher monetary percentage on accessory compounds; alcoholic beverages; eggs; grains; rice and pasta, and raw vegetables. ConclusionsHouseholds with diabetes spent a relatively higher monetary value on several unhealthy foods and less on several healthy groceries compared to households without diabetes. There is a need for more diabetes self-management education focused on including more healthy dietary choices in their household grocery purchases.

Performance-oriented model learning for control via multi-objective Bayesian optimization

The closed-loop performance of model-based controllers, such as model predictive control, largely depends on the quality of their underlying model of system dynamics. Inspired by the notion of identification for control, this paper presents a strategy for performance-oriented, data-driven model adaptation for control. The fundamental idea is to mitigate plant-model mismatch via improving the model’s control-oriented predictive quality for optimizing closed-loop performance measures of interest, as opposed to enhancing its general predictive accuracy. To this end, we leverage a composite model structure that consists of a prior system model (physics-based or data-driven) and a data-driven model that can be efficiently adapted in a performance-oriented manner towards maximization of the closed-loop control performance. To solve the performance-oriented model adaptation problem, we use multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) that can directly handle black-box and expensive-to-evaluate functions that are computed from noisy observations of closed-loop performance measures. The MOBO approach is demonstrated on a benchmark bioreactor case study. Simulation results indicate that, given a fixed budget of process runs, performance-oriented model adaptation can yield control-oriented models that result in a significant improvement in closed-loop performance, compared to model identification using closed-loop data, while systematically accounting for multiple performance measures. The proposed approach can be particularly useful for multi-objective model learning and auto-tuning of model-based controllers for processes with finite-time control objectives, where each process run is associated with a high monetary value.

Analisis Perkembangan Produksi Tanaman di Indonesia

Horticultural crops or green plants have a great possibility of increasing because they have a high monetary value and a truly open market potential, both locally and abroad. Capacity as a supplier of different nutrients, minerals, fiber and blends for healthful satisfaction. As a financial capacity, green harvest is a type of income for farmers, traders and industry. With the many elements of green plants as will be described, there are also inhibiting elements that cause agricultural crops to not develop ideally, this is due to one element of disease. The strategy used in this paper is a subjective technique, with library research procedures. The information used is from the Statistical Measurement Agency (BPS). In collecting information involves references related to the creation of plants in Indonesia. The agrarian business sector will contribute, among others, to job retention and the production of higher added value in the various items submitted. The sub-area of ​​agriculture that has a high possibility to be developed is the sub-area of ​​food crops.
 Keywords: natural resources, horticultural crops, crop yields, market potential

Analisis Perkembangan Produksi Tanaman di Indonesia

Horticultural crops or green plants have a great possibility of increasing because they have a high monetary value and a truly open market potential, both locally and abroad. Capacity as a supplier of different nutrients, minerals, fiber and blends for healthful satisfaction. As a financial capacity, green harvest is a type of income for farmers, traders and industry. With the many elements of green plants as will be described, there are also inhibiting elements that cause agricultural crops to not develop ideally, this is due to one element of disease. The strategy used in this paper is a subjective technique, with library research procedures. The information used is from the Statistical Measurement Agency (BPS). In collecting information involves references related to the creation of plants in Indonesia. The agrarian business sector will contribute, among others, to job retention and the production of higher added value in the various items submitted. The sub-area of ​​agriculture that has a high possibility to be developed is the sub-area of ​​food crops.
 Keywords: natural resources, horticultural crops, crop yields, market potential