High Market Price Research Articles

Legal Impact of Distribution of Dividend Policy on Share Price in Pakistan

This empirical study examines the controversial relationship between dividend policy and stock prices on the Pakistan Stock Exchange while considering legal implications. Sample data for 18 listed commercial banks (2012-2019) were collected from financial sources. Panel data analysis and several regression models (random effects, fixed effects, and Hausman test) were used. The study shows that cash dividends and dividend yields have a large impact on stock prices, while variables such as earnings per share, retention rates, and after-tax earnings do not. This result contributes to our understanding of the Pakistan stock market and is relevant to emerging and developing markets. However, there are limitations such as high market prices, dividend volatility, and occasional non-payments leading to the issuance of bonus shares by commercial banks.

Farmer’s Adoption and Effectiveness of Insect Pests Management Strategies in Organic Tomato Fields

A study was conducted in organic and intensive tomato growing areas located in Manikganj and Narsingdi districts of Dhaka division. A total of 30 organic tomato growers were selected from 5 randomly selected villages of Manikganj and Narsingdi. Data were collected from September 2020 to September 2021. Most frequently used insect pest management strategies by the organic farmers under the study areas were; T0=Untreated control (Used resistant varieties only), T1=Pheromone trap (Plastic pot), T2=Sticky trap+ Neem leaf powder @ 1kg/10L of water at 7 days interval, T3=Bait trap+ Neem leaf powder @ 1kg/10L of water at 7 days interval, T4=Light trap+ Mahogany seed powder @ 20gm/L of water at 7 days interval and T5= Pheromone trap + Trichogramma evanescens (100 points ha-1 at 500 wasps per point). For the untreated control of tomato fruit borer, T1=Pheromone trap (Plastic pot) was the most frequently used (52.67%) in the study area whereas T5= Pheromone trap + Trichogramma evanescens (16.67%) was used by the least number of organic farmers besides untreated control T0 (8.67%). The highest benefit cost ratio was 1.51 recorded from the treatment T5= Pheromone trap + Trichogramma evanescens, lowest benefit cost ratio was 1.30 recorded for tomato production from the untreated control treatment T0. Due to reduced operating costs, the benefit-cost ratio for producing organic tomato was comparable to and close to that of growing high yielding tomato using inorganic methods. The difference between the BCR of organic tomato production procedures and inorganic tomato production practices was eventually eliminated by high market price and rising demand of organic produces.

Vessels technical characteristics versus landings – Great diversity in a small country of European Union

Portugal is a small country, located in the western tip of Europe, where a great diversity of species with commercial interest occurs. Fishing is a traditional, culturally important activity, and the mainland fleet has three fleet components: trawl, purse-seine and multi-gear. The aim of this study was to determine which vessel’ technical characteristics were most important for the landings of the different fleet components using official landings of most import species/species group in terms of quantity landed and/or high market price of the fishing fleet components under analysis. Generalized Linear Models were used to analyse landing per unit effort between 1993 and 2019 and using the engine power, landing port, month, and year as explanatory variables. It was possible to verify that the three different fishing fleets have different importance to mainland landings and that technical characteristics did not have the same influence on these components. The demonstration of seasonal and interannual variability is of great importance to stimulate further studies to better understand these species susceptibility to environmental or other factors that may be responsible for landings variation. The general decrease of landings, already related to a decrease in fishing effort and their consequences at the fishery sector level should be included as a concern in the management process.

A Study on Real Estate Purchase Decisions

This study examines the influence of joint information framing and personality traits on housing purchase decisions, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a between-subjects experimental design, we found that negative framing has a stronger impact on purchase decisions for optimistic participants compared with pessimistic ones. Additionally, high-price anchoring has a greater negative effect on purchase intention for pessimists, while low-price anchoring has a stronger positive effect for optimists. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the low-price real estate market has been less severely impacted by the pandemic than the high-price market. The real estate market seeks to minimize information asymmetry to achieve sustainable and healthy development. These results contribute to creating inclusive, safe, and sustainable cities.

Mahseer: A Bioindicator Teleost

Mahseers, known as the king of rivers, are among the largest carp and a valuable group of freshwater fish in Asia. The word Mahseer has its origins in Bengal; the two root words, Maha, mean greatness and Seer, means mouth or head; literally, it means having a strong and large head. The range of these fish is across the entire Indian subcontinent. There are four genera of Mahseer, viz., Tor, Neolissochilus, Naziritor, and Parator, available across the world. Out of the 47 species of Mahseer that exist in the world, India is home to fifteen. They are game fish as well as commercially important and highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetches a high market price. But all the Mahseer carps belonging to all genera and species are under serious threat due to various anthropogenic activities. Mahseer is a sensitive species that can barely tolerate a modified water environment. It is a bioindicator organism. The population of Mahseer has seriously declined due to the degradation of the ecological conditions of aquatic systems, indiscriminate fishing of broodstock and juveniles, adverse impacts of river valley projects, industrial and human pollution, use of explosives, poisons, and electrofishing by poachers, the introduction of exotic species, and population pressures on resources. Rejuvenating the freshwater bodies and in-situ conservation are needed for replenishing the declining population of Mahseer. The Tata power plant at Lonavla developed standard techniques of Mahseer breeding through decades of study. Till date, it has produced in excess of 10 million fingerlings of Mahseer and distributed them all over India. Its findings on breeding methods have proved valuable and have even been replicated in several Mahseer breeding facilities across the country.

Conservation of thresher shark (Family: Alopiidae) in South‐west Aceh

Conservation of thresher shark (Family: Alopiidae) in South‐west Aceh

Biochemical and antioxidant activity of wild edible fruits of the eastern Himalaya, India.

The eastern Himalayas, one of the important hotspots of global biodiversity, have a rich diversity of wild edible fruit trees. The fruits of these tree species have been consumed by the tribal people since time immemorial. However, there is limited information available on the biochemical and antioxidant properties of the fruits. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of the nine most important wild fruit trees. Among the species, Pyrus pashia had the maximum fruit weight (37.83 g), while the highest juice (43.72%) and pulp content (84.67%) were noted in Haematocarpus validus and Myrica esculenta, respectively. Maximum total soluble solids (18.27%), total sugar (11.27%), moisture content (88.39%), ascorbic acid content (63.82 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (18.47 mg/100 g), and total monomeric anthocyanin (354.04 mg/100 g) were recorded in H. validus. Docynia indica had the highest total phenolic content (19.37 mg GAE/g), while H. validus recorded the highest total flavonoids and flavanol content. The antioxidant activities of the different fruits ranged from 0.17 to 0.67 IC50 for DPPH activity and 3.59-13.82 mg AAE/g for FRAP. These fruits had attractive pigmentation of both pulp and juice and were a good potential source for the extraction of natural edible color in the food industry. The fruits also possess high market prices; Prunus nepalensis fetched $ 34.10-$ 141.5 per tree. Therefore, these fruits are rich sources of antioxidants, pigments and have a high market value for livelihood and nutritional security.

FACTORS AFFECTING RISE IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN DELHI NCR

Within the attractive real Estate industry, affordable housing seems to be a dazzling prospect in India. Affordable accommodation is an important concern in India where most of the population is not able to purchases own houses due to the high market price. Affordable housing projects required differently modified policy as land is the chief limitation in the metro cities. The prospective of affordable houses are high, by the very nature of its business model, which is attached with Indias main part of population, which in middle class citizens. However simultaneously, there are some issues came across by private players in affordable housing projects such as taxes, land, government sanctions, financial scheme, etc. This study examines the key factors affecting rise in affordable houses in Delhi region. The study also tried to identify the major problems encountered by private builders and the buyers of low income people. This research study aimed to assess the impact of the government initiatives on and the purchasers and tries to summarize their perception and attitudes towards government policies to enhance the affordable housing sector. KEYWORDS: Affordable housing, Government initiatives

How prebound effects compromise the market premium for energy efficiency in German house sales

ABSTRACT Recent studies indicate that houses with higher energy efficiency usually have higher market prices, a ‘market premium for energy efficiency’. But in Germany the usefulness of this premium is confounded by the ‘prebound effect’: the gap between officially certificated energy ratings and actual energy consumption. Attempts have been made to close this gap from two complementary directions: downwards, by obtaining more accurate and less pessimistic technical estimates of idealised energy performance; and upwards, by estimating how much energy occupants realistically need for health and comfort. This study investigates prebound effects alongside an analysis of house prices in Germany, using a large database of house sale advertisements from 2007 to 2021, focusing on pre-1980 homes that were re-sold in 2019–2021. It uses ordinary least-squared multivariate regression to estimate market premiums for energy efficiency and sets these alongside estimates of prebound (and rebound) effects. It finds that prebound effects can lead purchasers to overestimate future energy savings and therefore pay more for properties than their actual worth. It also offers simple models to help purchasers interpret energy ratings more critically and estimate likely energy savings more realistically. Finally, it suggests how policymakers could modify energy ratings to reflect likely energy consumption more accurately.

Biotechnological production of reduced and oxidized NAD+ precursors

Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis by increased activity of NAD+ consumers or reduced NAD+ biosynthesis plays an important role in the onset of prevalent, often age-related, diseases, such as diabetes, neuropathies or nephropathies.To counteract such dysregulation, NAD+ replenishment strategies can be used. Among these, administration of vitamin B3 derivatives (NAD+ precursors) has garnered attention in recent years.However, the high market price of these compounds and their limited availability, pose important limitations to their use in nutritional or biomedical applications. To overcome these limitations, we have designed an enzymatic method for the synthesis and purification of (1) the oxidized NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), (2) their reduced forms NMNH and NRH, and (3) their deaminated forms nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) and nicotinic acid riboside (NaR). Starting from NAD+ or NADH as substrates, we use a combination of three highly overexpressed soluble recombinant enzymes; (a) a NAD+ pyrophosphatase, (b) an NMN deamidase, and (c) a 5′-nucleotidase, to produce these six precursors. Finally, we validate the activity of the enzymatically produced molecules as NAD+ enhancers in cell culture.

Presenting a new IGDT-based scheme for risk-based developing of distribution system restoration using online islanding method

Optimal service restoration in emergency cases is considered one of the most essential features of a smart distribution system. In the present study, a new IGDT-based scheme for risk-based system restoration in the form of a two-layer method is proposed. In the first layer, the binary variables related to the status of the closed switches and tie switches are obtained by a new strategy. Also, the optimal islands are obtained online after the fault. In the second step, the continuous variables, including reprogramming the distributed generation resources (DGR), storage, and amount of load shedding in the optimal island or islands that have been created in the first layer, are solved by a nonlinear model. In a fault event, to establish the power equilibrium, reprogramming the generation resources (GRs) and storage must be associated with the load shedding in the system. The load shedding must be done so that the sensitive load undergoes minimum outage. Thus the loads are prioritized by placing the loads into three residential, industrial, and sensitive categories. The risk-based problem is formulated in two operation modes: risk-averse and risk-seeker. In the risk-averse mode, the robustness function is used under high market prices. Moreover, in the risk seeker mode, an opportunity function is used under lower market prices towards lower-cost results. The simulation process is performed on an IEEE 33-bus system to evaluate the proposed model. To validate the proposed method, it is compared with one of the existing methods, and the proposed method is considerably better.

Study of a Pilot Scale Microbial Electrosynthesis Reactor for Organic Waste Biorefinery

Microbial electrochemical technologies now enable microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of organic compounds using microbial electrolysis cells handling waste organic materials. An electrolytic cell with an MES cathode may generate soluble organic molecules at a higher market price than biomethane, thereby satisfying both economic and environmental goals. However, the long-term viability of bioanode activity might become a major concern. In this work, a 15-L MES reactor was designed with specific electrode configurations. An electrochemical model was established to assess the feasibility and possible performance of the design, considering the aging of the bioanode. The reactor was then constructed and tested for performance as well as a bioanode regeneration assay. Biowaste from an industrial deconditioning platform was used as a substrate for bioanode. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate in the anodic chamber reached 0.83 g day−1 L−1 of anolyte. Acetate was produced with a rate of 0.53 g day−1 L−1 of catholyte, reaching a maximum concentration of 8.3 g L−1. A potential difference (from 0.6 to 1.2 V) was applied between the bioanode and biocathode independent of reference electrodes. The active biocathode was dominated by members of the genus Pseudomonas, rarely reported so far for MES activity.

RESTORATION OF "LEMKEN" PLOUGHSHARE KNIVES BY THE METHOD OF HEAT-STRENGTHENED COMPENSATING ELEMENTS

The constructive and technological design of the "Lemken's" ploughshares knives allows providing a resource of up to 35-40 hectares when plowing heavy soils. Complex manufacturing technology, high market price (up to 8 thousand rubles per unit) and a certain shortage of branded knives in the spare parts market necessitates the restoration of these parts. However, the information about wear, their numerical value and geometry available in the public domain is insufficient and does not allow a reasonable approach to the development of technology to eliminate shape defects. There is no information about the use of the repair dimensions method when using technologies based on the method of heat-strengthened compensating elements. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the linear wear of the knives of the "Lemken" composite ploughshares to determine the possibility of their restoration by the method of heat-strengthened compensating elements using repair groups. (Materials and methods) It was noted that the technical condition of the knives after their operation was assessed by the residual dimensions: the width of the part in several sections; the distance from the first mounting hole to the toe; the thickness at several points of the part in accordance with the developed scheme. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that the maximum wear of the toe of the knives does not exclude the possibility of their further use. The maximum wear of knives in thickness also cannot be a reason for their decommissioning. The reason for the extreme condition of the knives is wear in width. (Conclusions) Proposed to divide worn knives into three repair groups. The use of the repair size method allows us to obtain a number of positive solutions that simplify the technology.

Age and growth of gangatic Mystus: Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) by length-frequency analysis from central Brahmaputra Valley, Assam

The Gangatic catfish Mystus cavasius is a native catfish found in Brahmaputra and Barak valley of Assam which is a very popular food fish with has high market price. Our study provides the first data on age and growth of this species in central Brahmaputra valley of Assam. A total number of 285 specimens comprising of 103 males and 182 females have been studied using von Bertalanffy growth model and computer-based FiSAT programme was used for the estimation of growth parameters. In the FiSAT programme, the direct fit of length–frequency data such as Electronic Length Frequency Analysis-I (ELEFAN)-I technique, Shepherd’s method and Powell–Wetherall plot were employed in the present study. The Asymptotic length (L∞) and growth co-efficient (K) (annual) values of Mystus cavasius estimated by ELEFAN I, Shepherd’s method and Powell and Wetherall method. The value of L∞ and K by ELEFAN I, Shepherd’s method and Powell and Wetherall method are 217.0 mm and 0.8 year-1, 215.25 mm and 0.79 year-1 and 220.73 mm and 0.94 year-1 respectively. The two values of Mystus cavasius estimated about -0.41. The total length attained by this fish is about 135 mm at the end of 1st year, 180 mm at the end of 2nd years, 201 mm at the end of 3rd year and 210 mm at the end of 4th year.

Evaluation of gardi bangana dero and sahar tor putitora with rohu labeo rohita and Naini cirrhinus mrigala in poly culture at different stocking combinations

Conventional multispecies poly culture with compatible native species intercrop augments optimum utilization of the ecological niches in the pond ecosystem, diversity conservation, food value, and poverty alleviation potential through the direct involvement of rural people. Given the conservational value and the aquaculture potential of several indigenous species, Gardi Bangana dero and Sahar Tor putitora have been identified as important food fish. Rohu Labeo rohita and Naini Cirrhinus mrigala are two other native fishes that fetch a very high market price and are of high cultural value. A polyculture experiment was carried out on the Rohu, Naini, Gardi, and Sahar with the objectives to evaluate the optimum stocking density in terms of average body weight, specific growth rate, and total fish production of these fishes for nine months. Results showed that the final body weight of Rohu, Naini, Gardi were high in respective major poly culture systems, but Sahar was high in Naini major system. In case of survival, all fish species had high survival rate in Naini major system. Also, net fish yield of Rohu was observed significantly higher in Rohu major pol yculture system than in Naini major and Gardi major poly culture systems but not with control poly culture systems. Whereas, parameters of Naini, Gardi and Sahar observed similar in all poly culture systems. Apparent Feed Conversion Ratio was found higher in Gardi major poly culture system than others. Thus, for getting optimal stocking density, Naini polyculture system with supplementary feed is recommended.

Food Safety Cultures: A Study of Food Vendors in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Nigeria

Food is considered safe when it is free from substances that might compromise individual or populations' health and well-being, and is realizable with appropriate food safety cultures. This study accessed 150 food vendors across four of twelve political wards of the Abuja Municipal Area Council, AMAC who consented to the exercise. Results indicated no significant relationship between location with perception and practices of vendors on food safety, which had mean scores of 0.593, and 0.139 respectively. With p value (< 0.05), there is clearly a significant difference between the options measuring food safety (yes = good, and not sure = fair), and option no (poor) having the highest observed count of 78, the null hypothesis was rejected. As a result, it was concluded that, the food safety culture of food vendors in Abuja will not deliver safe foods to consumers. High market prices of food supplies, complex/cumbersome processes involved with meeting government regulations on food safety with weighted means of 3.3133 and 2.8667 respectively, were identified as the prevalent constraints on food safety cultures among food vendors in Abuja. In assuring safety, while maintaining the benefits of food vending to both sellers and buyers, emphasis should be given in to promoting food safety rather than mere revenue generation among both vendors and local government officials who register these vendors.

Sustainability analyses of CO2 sequestration and CO2 utilization as competing options for mitigating CO2 emissions

CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) and CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) are potential alternatives to mitigate CO2 emissions. There have been concerns regarding long-term geological impact of CCS and CCU requires co-reactant(s) for converting CO2 into value-added products. In this work, sustainability of CCS and CCU are assessed by simulating three processes. Each of these processes used post-combustion amine technique to capture CO2 from flue gas stream coming out of natural gas-based power plant. In the first process (CCS), captured CO2 undergoes sequestration whereas in the other two processes (CCU) CO2 reacts with hydrogen to produce methanol and dimethyl ether. Based on our technoeconomic assessment, total annualized cost of CCS process is 7.57% and 6.55% lower than CCU-methanol and CCU-DME processes, respectively. Thus, CCS is economically favourable over CCU. DME is found to be a favourable CCU-product owing to its higher market price as compared to methanol. Our analysis suggests that hydrogen price significantly impacts the technoeconomics of CCU processes. We have also demonstrated that at current market prices of methanol and DME, CCU process can be economical compared to CCS provided hydrogen price reduces to $778.5/t and $942.6/t for CCU-methanol and CCU-DME processes, respectively.

Effective valorization of precision output of algaquaculture towards eco-sustainability and bioeconomy concomitant with biotechnological advances: An innovative concept

Both input resources and ecosystem stability are critical to the long-term viability and sustainability of the aquaculture business, which is booming while supporting global food security. Over the past few decades, technical advancements have been made to help achieve both economic and environmental goals. Among these, “algaquaculture,” which combines algae culture with aquaculture, is seen as a revolutionary concept with numerous advantages. The only difference between this system and aquaponics is that algae are used instead of leafy plants. In aquaponic systems, this integration is innovative because of algae’s superior ability to utilize waste-derived nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). An additional benefit of algae is that they promote growth, stimulate the immune system, and even enhance the color of fish. Some algae with human health benefits and biodiesel sources have a high market price, which can be used to compensate for an integrated aquaculture-based system’s higher economic value. While aquaculture waste bioremediation can greatly improve environmental sustainability, it is important to note that algae can play a significant part in bioremediation because of their ability to minimize environmental disruptions. This review aims to highlight the new concept of algaquaculture, functional role of algae in aquaculture, and biotechnological advancements for the bioeconomy to establish microalgae-based food production systems, including aquaculture, by citing the role and benefits of such an integrated algal-aquaculture system. For this reason, the review intends to disseminate an idea like this over the globe, focusing on how to preserve the sector in the coming years. • Algaquaculture, which combines algae culture with aquaculture, is seen as a revolutionary concept with numerous advantages. • Algaquaculture has great impact on circular and bioeconomy. • The biotechnological advances makes algaquaculture a sustainable strategy for frontiers industrial applications.

Inclusion of activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it in the ration of cows in the period of increasing the milk yield

Simmental breed of cattle has a unique origin and is characterized by high plasticity and versatility, thanks to which it is widely distributed in many countries around the world. The reasons for the insuffi cient dairy productivity of cows in the farms of the Altai Republic such as the absence of their own breeding base since 2012, unbalanced feeding during the stall period, due to the low quality of bulky feed and a shortage of their own feed grain at high market prices for it. Therefore, it is obvious the relevance of studying the usefulness of feeding cows of the dairy herd of Simmental breed under the conditions of the Altai Republic and the development of targeted feed additives that contribute to a more complete realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the ration, contributing to the production of organic dairy products with increased biological value and optimal technological characteristics. The purpose of the work was to study the productivity traits of Simmental breed cows in the period of increasing the milk yield when feeding activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it. As a result of the use of activated fermented sea buckthorn oil cake and a feed additive based on it in feeding cows for 50 days of lactation, due to an increase in milk productivity and the percentage of fat and protein in milk, additional profit was obtained per 1 cow in the 1st experimental group of 1277,5 rubles and in the 2nd experimental group – 3064,5 rubles. The results obtained prove the eff ectiveness of the use of activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it in the rations of cows Simmental breed.

The Recycling of Waste Per-Fluorinated Sulfonic Acid for Reformulation and Membrane Application in Iron-Chromium Redox Flow Batteries

Iron–chromium redox flow batteries (ICRFB) possess the advantage of low raw material cost, intrinsic safety, long charge–discharge cycle life, good life-cycle economy, and environmental friendliness, which has attracted attention from academia and industry over time. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is an important part of the ICRFB system, impacting the efficiency and lifetime of the battery. Currently, the most widely used PEMs in the market are per-fluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes, which possess high electrolyte stability and achieve the separation of positive and negative electrolytes. In addition, the complex preparation process and extremely high market price limited the usage of PEM in ICRFB. In this paper, we developed a remanufactured membrane (RM) strategy from waste PFSA resins. The RM has higher electrical conductivity and better proton transport ability than the commodity membrane N212. In the cell performance test, the RM exhibits similar coulombic efficiency (CE) as N212 at different current densities, which is stabilized at over 95%. Furthermore, the voltage efficiency (VE) and energy efficiency (EE) of the RM are improved compared to N212. At a current strength of 140 mA cm−2, the degree of energy loss is lower in the RM, and after 60 cycles, the capacity decay rate is lower by only 16.66%, leading to long-term battery life. It is a cost-effective method for membrane recovery and reformulation, which is suitable for large-scale application of ICRFB in the future.