High Level Of Trust Research Articles

A Vibrant and Empowering Context for Teacher Leaders

This report describes the results of a series of interviews with educators in an independent school for students with unique learning needs that is characterized by a pervasive positive school culture, clear mission, and high levels of teacher participation in decision making. Researchers noted the collective understanding among teachers and administrators of the work of teacher leaders. There was a strong sense of community interdependence and collaboration that fostered teacher leadership. Strong structural support enabled teacher leaders to exercise influence beyond their classrooms. Teachers reported a strong sense of freedom and high levels of administrator trust. Teachers felt that they needed to establish a base of school-based experience in order to emerge as leaders. Other observations included high levels of teacher professionalism, collective expectations that teachers would maintain ongoing readiness to learn on the job, contagious enthusiasm, and deep commitment to the school community. Challenges to teacher leadership included a sustainable workload, altered collegial relationships, alignment of grassroots initiatives with school priorities, and pressure to meet parent expectations. Teachers recognized the fragility of their positive school culture and celebrated their professional autonomy. Teachers and administrators understood that their school must operate in a way that led parents to want to enroll their children. Finally, the researchers considered succession planning, along with the skills and knowledge that could lead to similarly high levels of innovation and success in other schools.

Outdoor Recreationists’ Perceptions of Risk, Agency Trust, and Visitor Capacities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

For nearly a century in the United States, visitor capacities have served as a means of preserving resources and the visitor experience on public lands. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased interest in implementing visitor capacities that could potentially limit use on public lands, suggesting a need to understand public support for their use in a timely manner. Risk and trust have been used in previous research concerning support for natural resource and outdoor recreation decision-making. Research in this realm includes investigation at the intersection of outdoor recreation and public health, specific to chronic wasting disease. Following this previous research, this study utilizes the constructs of risk and trust to examine support for visitor capacities that could potentially limit use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this theory-driven research relies on the cultural theory of risk and social trust theory. Using structural equation modeling and a sample of avid outdoor enthusiasts, we examine how well 1) perceived individual risk, 2) perceived community risk, 3) trust in public health agencies, and 4) trust in public land agencies predict support for visitor capacities that could potentially limit use. An email-distributed online survey was available for 48 hours beginning on April 30, 2020—during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Measurement of perceived risk and trust followed previous research relating to outdoor recreation and public health. Results indicate that outdoor enthusiasts are concerned about their individual and community health and reported higher levels of trust in data coming directly from public health agencies as opposed to state or federal land management agencies. Additionally, perceived individual risk and perceived community risk were significant predictors of support for visitor capacities. These findings can be used to improve the effectiveness of messaging intended to connect perceived risk to the management of parks and protected areas, thus providing credibility to management actions implemented during the pandemic. Additional implications from this research include the need for additional research examining support for management actions that could potentially limit use on public lands, the multidimensionality of trust in outdoor recreation, and individual risk in frontcountry outdoor recreation settings.

ADAS at work: assessing professional bus drivers’ experience and acceptance of a narrow navigation system

Due to the argued benefits of passenger comfort, cost savings, and road safety, the bus sector is showing increasing interest in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Despite this growth of interest in ADAS and the fact that work tasks are sometimes complicated (especially docking at bus-stops which may occur several hundred times per shift), there has been little research into ADAS in buses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop further knowledge of how professional bus drivers experience and accept an ADAS which can help them dock at bus-stops. The study was conducted on a public route in an industrial area with five different bus-stops. Ten professional bus drivers got to use a narrow navigation system (NNS) that could dock automatically at bus-stops. The participants’ experience and acceptance were investigated using objective as well as subjective data (during and after the test-drive) and data were collected using interviews, questionnaires, and video recordings. The participants indicated high levels of trust in and acceptance of the NNS and felt that it had multiple benefits in terms of cognitive and physical ergonomics, safety, and comfort. However, the relatively slow docking process (which was deemed comfortable) was also expected to negatively affect, e.g., timetabling, possibly resulting in high stress levels. Therefore, when investigating users’ acceptance of ADAS in a work context, it is important to consider acceptance in terms of the operation, use, and work system levels and how those levels interact and affect each other.

The impact of a firm's corporate social responsibility on firm–supplier relationships: The effect of secondary stakeholder CSR on inventory days

AbstractWell‐known benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are goodwill and trust. Typically, research states that if a firm engages in CSR activities that benefit stakeholder X, then stakeholder X will reciprocate with higher levels of trust. We advance this line of research by examining whether CSR activities directed to stakeholder X increase the levels of trust between the firm and a different stakeholder, Y. Specifically, we examine the consequences of CSR actions that a firm directs toward non‐supplier stakeholders on the firm‐supplier relationship. We argue that a firm's secondary stakeholder CSR (e.g., community and environment) creates trust and goodwill with third parties (i.e., suppliers) that manifests in reduced inventory days. We use a data set comprising 27,551 firm‐year observations and find that secondary CSR is associated with decreased inventory days in more complex (more heterogenous and competitive), munificent (growing), dynamic (unpredictable), and socially irresponsible (e.g., gambling and tobacco) business environments.

U.S. Consumer Attitudes toward Antibiotic Use in Livestock Production

Antimicrobial resistance, which decreases the efficacy of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, has led to concerns about the use of antibiotics in livestock production. Consumers play an important role in influencing producers’ decisions about the use of antimicrobials through their choices in the marketplace, which are driven by attitudes toward these practices. This study examines consumers’ levels of concern about (and acceptance of) the use of antibiotics in livestock production for four objectives: to treat, control, and prevent infections, and to promote growth. Results reveal that the majority of respondents were highly concerned about antibiotic use to promote growth in livestock production and considered this use to be unacceptable. Participants with higher objective knowledge of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use in livestock production were more likely to accept antibiotic use to treat and control disease, but less likely to accept its use to prevent disease or to promote growth. Participants with high levels of trust in the livestock industry were more likely to accept antibiotic use to control and prevent infections and to be neutral about antibiotic use to promote growth in food animals. Respondents who believed that antibiotic use decreases animal welfare were more likely to be very concerned about antibiotic use to treat, prevent, and control disease, and less likely to accept antibiotic use to treat diseases in food animals. The study findings should be of interest to producers considering the adoption of sustainable technologies and production practices, food retailers making procurement decisions, and policymakers identifying policies that can alleviate antimicrobial resistance in the agri-food sector.

The interplay between servant leadership, psychological safety, trust in a leader and burnout: assessing causal relationships through a three-wave longitudinal study

COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented psychological challenges for frontline healthcare workers, especially nurses, causing anxiety and depression leading to burnout. The responsibility of healthcare leaders has increased manyfold to deal with such challenges. This study attempts to employ the conservation of resources theory to examine the relationship between servant leadership and nurses’ burnout, with the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating effect of trust in leader. A three-wave longitudinal design was employed for data collection from 1204 nurses from 27 hospitals in China. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used for data analyses with SmartPLS version 3.2.8. The findings endorse that servant leadership at time 1 significantly reduces nurses’ burnout measured at time 3 through the mediating role of psychological safety measured at time 2, and that a higher level of trust in the leader enhances the impact of servant leadership in reducing nurses’ burnout.

The impact of COVID-19 on autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: A single-centre, qualitative evaluation study

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is standard of care in biologically fit, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients, offering better therapeutic outcomes and improved quality of life (QoL). However, with the UK’s 1st national lockdown on 23/03/2020, several guidelines recommended deferring ASCT due to risks of infection, with resource limitations forcing some units to suspend ASCT entirely. Such changes to patients’ treatment plans inevitably altered their lived experience during these uncertain times with expected impact on QoL. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to gain insight into MM patients’ understanding of their disease, initial therapy and ASCT, and their response to therapy changes. A clinical snapshot of how COVID-19 affected the MM ASCT service in a single UK institution is also provided, including changes to chemotherapy treatment plans, timing, and prioritisation of ASCT. Framework analysis identified 6 overarching themes: (1) beliefs about ASCT, (2) perceptions of information provided about MM and ASCT, (3) high levels of fear and anxiety due to COVID-19, (4) feelings about ASCT disruption or delay due to COVID-19, (5) perceptions of care, and (6) importance of social support. Example subthemes were beliefs that ASCT would provide a long-remission/best chance of normality including freedom from chemotherapy and associated side-effects, disappointment, and devastation at COVID-related treatment delays (despite high anxiety about infection) and exceptionally high levels of trust in the transplant team. Such insights will help us adjust our service and counselling approaches to be more in tune with patients’ priorities and expectations.

Cross-sectional survey of changes in knowledge, attitudes and practice of mask use in Sydney and Melbourne during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectivesSince mask uptake and the timing of mask use has the potential to influence the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to assess the changes in knowledge toward...

Formation of the environment of confidence in sharing economy: problems of civil regulation in Russia

In digitalization, trust is a necessary factor in economic and social development in general that determines the content of public relations and ensures their positive effect. In sharing economy, due to the specifics of the emerging relations, the issue of creating a digital environment of trust is especially relevant. The objective of the research is to determine the directions for improving the mechanism of civil law regulation of certain aspects of the collective use of goods and services, including studying the possibilities of the influence of the main provisions of civil law on the provision of the necessary trust between the turnover participants; research on the transformation of legal institutions, including the protection of reputation, in the context of digitalization processes; establishment of the specifics of regulating relations on the use of blockchain and other latest technologies aimed at creating and increasing the level of digital trust in collaborative consumption of various assets. The main research methods are deduction (the study of general legal provisions and their application to some regions of collaborative consumption), induction (the study of the rules for organizing the work of specific Internet platforms in the sharing economy and the subsequent allocation of general principles). Based on the results, the effective development of the sharing economy in digitalization presupposes a high level of trust, which has several interrelated manifestations that require differentiated approaches to their legal support. In addition to trust in digital technologies and services, the security of remotely performed transactions, and the preservation of the confidentiality of personal data, trust in society is essential for the sharing economy since only those who trust are trusted.

Analysis of the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment between Perceived Leader Trust and Employee Work Performance.

High levels of trust between employees and leaders moderate the relationship between organizational management practices. A collaborative environment encourages employees to have more Psychological Empowerment, which in turn leads to better performance. Based on Intrinsic Work Motivation and Self-Evaluation, this paper uses Perceived Leader Trust as an independent variable, Employee Work Performance as a dependent variable, and introduces Psychological Empowerment to explore the internal mechanism of perceived trust. This paper proposes a total of 28 hypotheses, and 25 hypotheses have been verified. The specific research conclusions are as follows: (1) Perceived Leader Trust has a positive impact on Employee Work Performance. (2) Perceived Leader Trust positively affects employees’ Psychological Empowerment. Perceived Leader Dependence has a significant impact on all dimensions of Psychological Empowerment, but the relationship between Perceived Information Disclosure and Work Meaning is not significant. (3) Psychological Empowerment is positively correlated with Employee Work Performance, in which the four dimensions of Psychological Empowerment are significantly related to Employee Task Performance, while Work Meaning and Autonomy are not significantly related to Employee Relationship Performance. (4) Psychological Empowerment, as the overall perception of employees, plays a partial mediating role between Perceived Leader Trust and Employee Work Performance. This paper verifies the role of Psychological Empowerment between Perceived Leader Trust and Employee Work Performance, and explores the internal mechanism of Perceived Leader Trust from the perspective of employees’ Intrinsic Work Motivation, which promotes the development of organizational management practices.

Key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: An integrated framework.

BackgroundAs the vaccination drive against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Malaysia progresses rapidly, the main challenge will gradually shift from procuring and distributing vaccines to ensuring the broadest possible acceptance among all population segments. Therefore, this study used the integrated framework of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to investigate the predictors of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia.MethodologyA market research company in Malaysia was engaged to collect data during June 11–20, 2021 using self-administered questionnaires via its online panel, ensuring a nationwide random sample of 804 respondents. A logistic regression was subsequently estimated to determine the significant predictors of vaccination intention.ResultsThe predictors that significantly affect COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia are age, susceptibility, religious beliefs, attitude, subjective norms, and trust in the vaccine. In particular, those who are more inclined to get vaccinated are older individuals, have a higher perceived risk of infection and social pressure to get vaccinated, have a positive attitude, and have high levels of trust in the vaccine. Individuals’ who perceive that their religious beliefs are against vaccination are more likely to exhibit uncertainty toward it.ConclusionThis study showed that although a large proportion of respondents indicated that they were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19, there are concerns about religious barriers and trust in the vaccine that the relevant stakeholders should address. Campaigns should also focus on shaping the nation’s attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines, in parallel with encouraging people to use their social influence in helping those in their close circle who are unsure of vaccination to cross the line. These measures will prove to be pertinent as the nation begins to administer booster vaccines to tackle the waning effects of COVID-19 vaccines.

Is the Aotearoa New Zealand Policy Process: fit for purpose?

New Zealand is generally thought to be well governed by international standards, with low levels of corruption, innovative policies in some sectors, and high levels of trust in the system of government. But all is not well in the public policymaking system. Rather, the system resembles an endless conveyor belt of unsolved, or partially solved, policy problems that have a tendency over time to become bigger ‘crises’. Effective public policymaking is hard and policy ‘stuff-ups’ happen worldwide. But New Zealanders should not accept policy failures as a fact of life. Our central thesis is that, via a series of reforms, the policymaking process could become much more effective in achieving successful policy outcomes.

Performance of agricultural extension services at enhancing market-oriented cocoa production in Ife-East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria

The extent at which agricultural extension is rendering support towards ensuring market-oriented cocoa production formed the basis for this study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to sample 76 cocoa farmers in Ife-East Local Government Area of Osun State. Radio was the mostly used (92.1%) extension communication channel by the extension agents. The most established linkage was found between farmers and agro-dealers (85.5%). The prominent activities performed by the extension agents toward market-oriented cocoa production were: training on production techniques (x̄ =3.62), establishing linkage with input supplies (x̄ = 3.56) and tailored marketing production (x̄ = 3.53). Meanwhile, provision of sales outlets to sell produce (x̄ = 2.91) was ranked low by the cocoa farmers. There was high level of trust for cooperative leadership (x̄ = 1.86) and extension services (x̄ = 1.81) . There was no significant relationship (r = -0.037) between activities performed by the extension agents and level of trust with other actors. Agricultural extension services should work with relevant governments and non-governmental organizations to create alternative marketing channels to sustain the current efforts at achieving market-oriented cocoa production.

Clinicians’ attitudes towards a co-leadership structure for maternity emergency teams: An interview study

ABSTRACT Shared leadership improves team performance in many domains and is present in some interprofessional healthcare teams. Despite the dominant paradigm of a singular obstetrician leader in maternity emergencies, co-leadership, a specific form of shared leadership, has been identified as a potentially beneficial to clinical care. This qualitative interview study addresses the gaps in knowledge regarding clinician attitudes toward co-leadership and how a co-leadership structure might be implemented within a maternity care setting. Twenty-five clinicians (midwives, obstetricians and anaesthetists) working in the birthing units of two tertiary maternity units were interviewed and a conventional content analysis conducted. Clinicians viewed co-leadership as potentially beneficial to patient care through improved leadership performance and co-leader back up behavior. Implementation of co-leadership was thought to require a supportive organizational culture, agreed patient management protocols and the participation in simulation training. Enacting co-leadership required adaptable leadership sharing practices, effective communication, and high levels of trust between the co-leaders. These findings inform the future implementation strategies for co-leadership in interprofessional healthcare teams.

Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: a multicenter national survey among medical care workers in China

ABSTRACT Vaccine uptake rate is crucial for herd immunity. Medical care workers (MCWs) can serve as ambassadors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to assess MCWs’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and to explore the factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. A multicenter study among medical care workers was conducted in seven selected hospitals from seven geographical territories of China, and data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine hesitancy, and health beliefs on COVID-19 vaccination among participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the correlations between individual factors and the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Among the 2681 subjects, 82.5% of the participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that individuals with more cues to action about the vaccination, higher level of confidence about the vaccine, and higher level of trust in the recommendations of COVID-19 vaccine from the government and the healthcare system were more likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine. In contrast, subjects with higher level of perceived barriers and complacency were less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, MCWs in China showed a high willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The governmental recommendation is an important driver and lead of vaccination. Relevant institutions could increase MCWs’ willingness to COVID-19 vaccines by increasing MCWs’ perception of confidence about COVID-19 vaccines and cues to action through various strategies and channels. Meanwhile, it can also provide evidence in similar circumstances in the future to develop vaccine promotion strategies.

Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines among Patients with Complex Non-Communicable Disease and Their Caregivers in Rural Malawi.

Current low COVID-19 vaccination rates in low- and middle-income countries reflect an inequitable global vaccine distribution; however, local attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine are an important factor to meet vaccination benchmarks. We describe attitudes toward the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and perceptions among patients with NCDs and their caregivers using cross-sectional data collected through telephone interviews in Neno, Malawi. Out of 126 survey respondents, 71% were patients, and 29% were caregivers. Twenty-two percent of respondents had received at least one dose at the interview (95% CI: 15–30%), with 19% being fully vaccinated. Only 24% (95% CI: 12–40%) of unvaccinated respondents reported that they would accept an approved vaccine if it were offered today. Vaccines were perceived as unsafe or designed to harm and commonly associated with death, severe disability, infertility, and evil. However, over two-thirds reported high levels of trust in health care workers (73%) and community health workers (72%) as sources of information for the COVID-19 vaccine. Although the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in this vulnerable population was three times than the national average, a low intention to be vaccinated persists among the unvaccinated. Strong trust in health care workers suggests that community engagement could help increase vaccine acceptance.

REVIEW FAKTOR PENENTU KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI PADA GENERASI Z & MILLENIAL

Investment is one of the trends favored by various generations today, this is evidenced by the percentage growth of assets in 2021. Generation Z & Millennials are the generation that dominates the capital market in Indonesia in 2021. Knowing the behavior and factors that can affect Generation Z & Millennials in making investment decisions is the purpose of this review, so that it can be used by Generation Z & Millennials when making investments in the future. This study uses a literature review method by reviewing the behavior and investment decision factors of Generation Z & Millennials. In developed countries Generation Z & Millennials have understood the impact of investment, while in developing countries Generation Z & Millennials have a high level of trust and choose safer investment instruments. Factors that can influence investment decisions in Generation Z & Millennials include financial literacy, financial attitudes, and financial perceptions.

Belief in the importance of socially responsible behaviors - the significance of trust and personal experiences with Covid-19.

A vast number of studies have shown that trust is related to socially desirable traits and behaviors. In the present research we have investigated the relationship between generalized trust and beliefs about the importance of socially responsible behaviors (SRB) during the pandemic – namely, following the sanitary regime and getting vaccinated. Basing on the previous findings we assumed that trustful people would be more convinced of the benefits of complying with the pandemic restrictions and getting vaccinated. The hypothesis stated that people with high levels of trust who had COVID-19 or whose close persons had been infected would be the most likely to believe in socially responsible behaviors. We recruited 405 people from the general population (age range 18–65) to participate in an online study conducted via a research platform. The analysis using linear regression has shown that people, whose close persons had suffered from COVID-19 were more inclined to believe in the importance of SRB. The level of trust also predicted the beliefs about the importance of socially responsible behaviors in mitigating the pandemic. Trust was positively related to SRB, except for people whose close persons had been infected with COVID-19. Regardless of the level of trust, people with such experience tended to assess SRB as important to combat the pandemic. These results have shed light on the importance of trust in developing the strategy of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring relationships between perceived suppression capabilities and resident performance of wildfire mitigations

Increased wildfire activity has led to renewed interest in enhancing local capacity to reduce wildfire risk in residential areas. Local fire departments (LFDs) are often the first responders to rural wildfires. However, LFDs may also struggle to address service demands in the growing wildland urban interface, including increasing numbers of wildfire incidents and changes in area socio-demographics (e.g., aging populations) or culture (e.g., decreasing volunteerism, new residents). We used a mixed-mode survey (n = 770) to explore rural perceptions of various fire service organizations (FSOs), including LFDs, in wildfire-prone areas of northeastern Washington State, USA. We also explore relationships between perceptions of LFD capabilities or capacity (e.g., personnel, LFD ability to respond to private property during a wildfire event) and resident performance of eleven wildfire risk mitigation activities that contribute to home defense (e.g., development of a water supply, installing sprinklers). We found that study participants have relatively high levels of trust in LFD's to respond to a wildfire event on their properties. This trust is also slightly higher than the amount of trust placed in other FSOs (e.g., state, federal, private contractors). Respondents also largely understand that LFDs do not have sufficient capacity or capability to respond when wildfire events impact multiple private properties in their area. Trust in LFDs was significantly and negatively correlated with resident installation of fire-resistant siding, installation of sprinklers on their home, and placing firewood or lumber more than 30 feet (∼9 m) from their dwelling. Similarly, respondents' perceptions of LFD capacity and capabilities was significantly and negatively correlated with purchasing a generator and stacking firewood more than 30 feet (∼9 m) from their home. Our results suggest that perceptions of FSOs have the potential associations with resident performance of select wildfire mitigation actions (e.g., firewood placement, installation of non-flammable siding). However, they also were not significantly related to many other mitigations suggested for residents to complete as part of broader wildfire management strategies (e.g., driveway clearance, water supply establishment, safe zone creation).

Indonesian nursing students' intention to accept COVID-19 vaccines: an online, multicentre survey.

The determinants of intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among nursing students during this pandemic need to be identified. The study assessed nursing students' attitudes to vaccination, health engagement and trust in government, as well as their intention to have a COVID-19 vaccination. A cross-sectional study was carried out among nursing students in three provinces of Java, Indonesia, from December 2020 to February 2021. Convenience sampling was used to gather primary data from 640 participants through a structured online survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the results. All items of vaccine attitude and health engagement as well as trust in government were positive predictors of vaccine acceptance after adjusting for confounding factors. Nursing students were more likely to accept vaccination if they had a positive attitude to vaccination, high levels of health engagement and trust in the government regarding tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.