Higher Levels Of Religiosity Research Articles

Шахрайство та неетична поведінка як фактор, що впливає на ефективність місцевого самоврядування в Індонезії

Among all sectors, the government sector is in second place by the number of frauds. According to the Global Corruption Barometer (2020), Indonesia ranks third in terms of corruption among Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing fraud with unethical behavior as intervening variable on local government in Indonesia. Palembang City was included in 14 cities that contributed State Civil Apparatus involved fraud case in Indonesia. Therefore the sample in this study was 165 State Civil Apparatus with a minimum position as financial management staff from 33 Palembang City Government Offices. Data for the study were collected by online questionnaire. For data processing and analysis the author used Smart PLS – software with graphical user interface for variance-based structural equation modeling using the partial least squares path modeling method. The study results show that internal control, compensation suitability, moral reasoning and religiosity had an effect on fraud with unethical behavior as an intervening variable. Internal control is very important to provide protection for agencies against human weakness and to minimize the possibility of errors and actions that are not in accordance with the rules. Proportional compensation can lead to satisfaction with the commission received. Thus, it reduces unethical behavior. An individual's moral reasoning is one of the factors leading to ethical and unethical behavior. Individuals who have a better moral understanding will obey all applicable rules and policies so as to avoid unethical behavior. The level of a person's religiosity can determine a person's behavior because individuals who have a high level of religiosity will obey the values or rules that have been established by their religion. Individuals who have better religious values will find it easier to avoid and overcome fraud.

The Effect of Halal Foods Awareness on Purchase Decision with Religiosity as a Moderating Variable

This study aims to examine and explain the effect of halal food awareness on purchase decisions with religiosity as a moderating variable. The sample in this study is Muslim consumers in Indonesia and Thailand. Purposive sampling technique was applied by criteria of samples required is Muslim consumers in Indonesia and Thailand. The number of samples is 200 respondents, included 150 Indonesian respondents and 50 Thai respondents. The analysis is done using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS 23.0 software. The finding of this study shows that respondent has a high-level awareness of halal foods in Indonesia and Thailand. Halal food awareness has a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions for Muslims living in Indonesia. Halal food awareness has a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions for Muslims living in Thailand. Finally, the higher level of religiosity cannot strengthen the effect of awareness on a purchase decision.

РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ ВЫХОДЦЕВ ИЗ ГОСУДАРСТВ ЗАКАВКАЗЬЯ И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ

The article was prepared on the base of the of sociological research materials. The research program included criteria and indicators on the basis of which the author determines a vector of development of diaspora communities and the results of socio-cultural integration of culturally different migrants. The author examines religious practices as an indicator of the socio-psychological criterion. The results of the research indicate a generally high level of religiosity and active use of cult practices by the majority of the respondents. However, religious practices which in some cases mark the cultural boundary are not clearly isolationist in their character.

FACTORS INFLUENCING MUSLIMS CHOICE ON WASIYYAH: A LOGIT MODEL ANALYSIS

When a Muslim die, there are four main things should be settled upon his death: funeral expenses, debt settlement, wasiyyah and faraid. Upon settling funeral and debt of the dead, estate management is one of the obligations required to be carried out by the heir using faraid. Nevertheless, based on the recent statistics issued by Amanah Raya Berhad, there are more than RM60 billions worth of properties of the deads in Malaysia have been frozen from being distributed to the respective heirs. Unfortunately, 95% of the properties belong to Muslims. Among reasons of the undistributed properties are due to awareness of the heirs, cost of property claims and law restriction. If this situation continuously happens, there will be a waste of capital in economy. To avoid this problem, hibah (inter vivos) and wasiyyah were suggested to be used as tools to avoid problems in distributing the wealth and properties to the heirs. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate behaviour of Malaysian Muslims in managing their estate specifically on wasiyyah and further to determine the factors that influence Muslims to choose wasiyyah. This is an empirical study which employed Logit Model analysis of data collected from surveys to Muslims in Malaysia. This study managed to collect 406 questionnaires and based on the result, it shows that age, health, religiosity and advantages are significant in explaining the Muslim behaviour to choose wasiyyah. The results also imply that Muslim would less likely to choose wasiyyah as to their estate planning if they have more age, good health condition and high level of religiosity and may tend to use the other tools available in Islam.

FACTORS INFLUENCING MUSLIMS CHOICE ON WASIYYAH: A LOGIT MODEL ANALYSIS

When a Muslim die, there are four main things should be settled upon his death: funeral expenses, debt settlement, wasiyyah and faraid. Upon settling funeral and debt of the dead, estate management is one of the obligations required to be carried out by the heir using faraid. Nevertheless, based on the recent statistics issued by Amanah Raya Berhad, there are more than RM60 billions worth of properties of the deads in Malaysia have been frozen from being distributed to the respective heirs. Unfortunately, 95% of the properties belong to Muslims. Among reasons of the undistributed properties are due to awareness of the heirs, cost of property claims and law restriction. If this situation continuously happens, there will be a waste of capital in economy. To avoid this problem, hibah (inter vivos) and wasiyyah were suggested to be used as tools to avoid problems in distributing the wealth and properties to the heirs. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate behaviour of Malaysian Muslims in managing their estate specifically on wasiyyah and further to determine the factors that influence Muslims to choose wasiyyah. This is an empirical study which employed Logit Model analysis of data collected from surveys to Muslims in Malaysia. This study managed to collect 406 questionnaires and based on the result, it shows that age, health, religiosity and advantages are significant in explaining the Muslim behaviour to choose wasiyyah. The results also imply that Muslim would less likely to choose wasiyyah as to their estate planning if they have more age, good health condition and high level of religiosity and may tend to use the other tools available in Islam.

Necessary conditions for social enterprise: The case of the microinsurance sector

Purpose<br/> The aim of the paper is to identify the institutional factors in a country that are necessary conditions for social entrepreneurship, as opposed to sufficient factors.<br/> Design/methodology/approach<br/> Employing the relatively new method of Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and a proprietary database on microinsurance providers, we examine the level of microinsurance provision relative to the population size in 54 countries in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East.<br/> Findings<br/> We find that high levels of religiosity and poverty in the country are necessary conditions for a high level of microinsurance enterprises, while conventional institutional development measures such as uneven economic development and state fragility show only low to medium levels of necessity.<br/> Limitations<br/> The study is limited by the paucity of data on microinsurance in different countries worldwide.<br/> Implications<br/> The findings have both theoretical and practical implications about the types of institutional factors that are necessary for a high level of microinsurance social enterprises in a country, highlighting the need to look beyond formal economic and political institutional factors and the need to consider informal institutional factors such as religion.<br/> Contribution<br/> We contribute to the research literature on social enterprises by highlighting the key conditions in a country that are necessary for a high level of microinsurance social enterprises.

Predictors of individual, community and national resiliencies of Israeli Jews and Arabs.

The contribution of individual characteristics to predicting individual, community and national resilience of Israeli Jews and Arabs was investigated. Psychological resilience refers to people's assessment of their ability to withstand negative psychological consequences of major afflictions, and to keep functioning despite these adversities. The following hypotheses were examined: 1. The Jewish sample would score higher than the Arab sample on indices of individual, community and national resilience. 2. Men of both groups would score higher compared with women on these resilience indices. 3. Exposure to terror and fear of upcoming war would negatively predict the resilience of both groups. 4. Higher level of religiosity, right wing political attitudes, higher income, higher education, older age and higher sense of coherence will positively predict the investigated resiliencies. The random sample included 1100 Jews and 350 Arabs who participated in an internet survey. Resilience was defined in this study as the balance of individual, community and national strength (protective factors) to vulnerability (risk factors). The results supported the first three hypotheses whereas the fourth hypothesis was supported only for the Jewish sample. The present study indicated that some predictors had universal effect on resilience, whereas others seemed to be culture specific predictors.

Religiosity and the adoption of formal financial services

Recent studies have suggested that institutional and economic factors are important drivers of financial inclusion. However, the effects of culture on the usage and adoption of formal financial services are not as widely understood. This paper explores the impact of religiosity on financial inclusiveness, utilizing aggregated data from individuals’ religious preferences and financial behaviors. The results suggest that higher levels of religiosity are negatively associated with the usage and adoption of formal financial services, both across U.S. states and across different countries. To explore possible causal implications, we exploit spatial variations in historical pathogen prevalence as the main instrument of our study.

WHAT DETERMINES THE USE OF MEANING FOCUSED COPING IN DEMENTIA CAREGIVING?

Meaning-focused coping has been identified as an important factor contributing to more positive adjustment and health outcomes for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Yet, there is less evidence about what determines the use of this coping strategy. Based on the Meaning Making Model, this quantitative exploratory study identified the relationship between meaning focused coping and intrinsic motivation towards caregiving, quality of relationship between the care dyads and level of religiosity. Two hundreds and five family caregivers of PWD were recruited from a geriatric clinic from March 2018 – Feb 2019. A battery of questionnaires including the Meaning-Focused Coping Scale, Relationship Quality Scale, the Duke University Religion Index and Intrinsic Motivations to Care was administered in face-to-face interview. By using hierarchical regression analysis to control the effects of caregivers’ demographic profile, caregiving history, clinical severity of dementia, and level of neuro-psychiatric symptoms, the results indicated that a higher intrinsic motivation to caregiving (β = 1.457, p = 0.044), better dyadic relationship quality (β = 0.768, p = 0.004) and a higher level of religiosity (β = 0.969, p = 0.001) are independently related to a higher likelihood of using meaning-focused coping. The findings shift the paradigm of caregiver support from a deficit model to helping them to appraise the meaning of caregiving in dyadic relational, spiritual and motivational perspectives. The application of strength-based and person-centered approach to caregiver supportive program will be discussed.

RACE DIFFERENCES IN THE CONSEQUENCES OF ADULT CHILDREN’S PROBLEMS ON MOTHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Adult children’s problems have been found to be strong predictors of older parents’ psychological well-being, regardless of whether the sources of the problems are psychological or physical health, life circumstances outside of the children’s control, or children’s poor life decisions. Further, this pattern remains regardless of the number or proportion of offspring with problems, or whether children with problems were favored or disfavored by their parents. One important question that has not been addressed is whether the impact of children’s problems differs in Black and White families. Race disparities in health and other life circumstances lead Black adult children to be at greater risk of experiencing problems than are their White counterparts. Thus, Black mothers are at greater risk of having adult children with problems; however, increased exposure does not necessarily lead to a stronger impact of children’s problems on well-being. Alternatively, it can be argued that due to stronger kin networks and higher levels of religiosity, children’s problems may have a weaker impact on Black than White mothers’ well-being. In this paper, we use mixed-methods data collected from 101 Black mothers and 295 White mothers as part of the Within-Family Differences Study to explore differences in the impact of adult children’s problems on mothers’ depressive symptoms. Preliminary analyses of quantitative and qualitative data suggest that mothers’ interpretations of the circumstances surrounding their children’s problems, rather than support or type of problem, play a greater role in the impact of those problems on well-being in Black than White families.

The relative centrality of life domains among secular, traditionalist and Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) men in Israel

ABSTRACT The Ultra-Orthodox population is the fastest growing population in Israel and this study is the first to examine the relative centrality of life domains among Ultra-Orthodox men in Israel and compare them with secular and traditionalist men. The participants were 206 secular, 98 traditional, and 199 Ultra-Orthodox employed Israeli men. While previous literature found that higher levels of religiosity were associated with lower work centrality, in this pioneering study no differences were found among secular, traditionalist, and Ultra-Orthodox men with regards the centrality of work in their lives. In addition, no differences were found among the groups with regard to the centrality of community and family. With that, as expected, centrality of religion increased with increasing level of religiosity. Finally, the centrality of leisure was highest among secular and the lowest among Ultra-Orthodox employees. Overall, demographic variables have a low capability of explaining life domains centrality among the three groups. The meaning and importance of these findings are discussed in the paper.

Earthquakes, attributions, and psychopathology: a study in a rural community

ABSTRACT Background: Attributions of both cause and blame form part of the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM-5. Most work on attributions and psychopathology has focused on survivors of interpersonal violence and the two types of attribution have not been investigated together in natural disaster contexts. Previous work has identified that attributions to God’s role may be associated with survivors’ mental health following disasters. We studied the relation between attributions to God and other actors/entities in a rural community with high levels of religiosity that had suffered extensive damage and loss of life due to a series of earthquakes. Methods: A sample of survivors (N = 127) was assessed for degree of earthquake exposure, resource loss, attributions of cause and blame for the earthquake damage, and psychopathology three months after a series of major earthquakes in Italy. Results: Nature and chance were associated with higher cause than blame attributions whereas the State, the municipality, building firms, and the mafia were associated with higher blame than cause attributions. Additionally, both cause and blame attributions towards God and chance were positively correlated with PTSD and psychological distress symptoms. These associations remained significant while controlling for degree of earthquake exposure, resource loss, gender, age, and education. Conclusion: The current study supports the role played by cognitions about the cause of traumatic events, as introduced into the PTSD diagnosis in DSM-5, and extends this to blame of other entities such as God and chance following disasters.

Maternal and Family Correlates of Intrinsic Religiosity Profiles Among Low-Income Urban African American Adolescents.

National trends show that African American adolescents, relative to most other demographic groups, are more religious, and show fewer declines in religiosity, despite drastic decreases in religiosity among youth over the past 25 years. These broad findings are limiting because they fail to acknowledge religious heterogeneity among African American teens. Further, there are few empirical investigations of the transmission of religiosity within African American families. Building on a recent study that identified three distinctive profiles of intrinsic religiosity in a sample of low-income African American adolescents who were followed over four years (N = 326; Youth Mage = 12.1, SD = 1.6 years; 54% female), the present study examined contributions of maternal religiosity and family emotional climate in distinguishing these profiles. Univariate analyses revealed that maternal religious attendance and commitment, adolescents' felt acceptance from mothers and the emotional climate in the home differentiated youth who retained high levels of intrinsic religiosity (41%) from youth who declined in religiosity (37%) or who had low levels of religiosity (22%). Multivariate analyses showed that after accounting for demographic covariates, felt acceptance from mothers differentiated adolescents with high versus low levels of religiosity; both maternal religious attendance and felt acceptance from mothers distinguished adolescents who retained high levels of religiosity from youth who declined in religiosity. Implications for family dynamics in African American adolescent religious development and well-being are discussed.

The Religious Gender Gap within Dutch Relationships: Explaining the Persistent Religious Gender Gap in the Netherlands Using a Multifactorial Approach

Abstract Like other Western countries, in the Netherlands women continue to demonstrate higher levels of religiosity than men. In this article, we set out to explain this Dutch religious gender gap regarding belief in God, prayer and church attendance. Using high quality survey data (LISS 2015), a comprehensive model is built combining social and psychological differences between Dutch men and women. These gender differences are operationalized where they are most strongly experienced, i.e. within personal relationships. We find that the gender gaps within Dutch relationships regarding belief in God and prayer can be explained by gendered religious socialization and gendered mental health dependency—and for belief in God additionally by the gendered level of agreeableness. For the gender gap regarding church attendance, gendered religious socialization explains the religious gender gap.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEWARGANEGARAAN GLOBAL DAN BUDAYA KONSUMEN GLOBAL: PENGARUH MEDIASI KECERDASAN BUDAYA DAN MODERASI RELIGIUSITAS

This study attempt to examine the complex relationship between global consumer culture and global citizenship by involving the mediating effect of cultural intelligence behavior and the moderating effect of religiosity. The structural equation model was developed to propose some hypothesis with support from previous literature. The empirical analysis involved online survey at the individual level, who voluntarily contributed to respond the survey. They represent young people, who represent various places in Indonesia. The results indicate that global consumer culture has a positive impact on global citizenship with mediating support from cultural intelligence behavior. In addition, the moderating effect of religiosity shows that the individual with high level of religiosity demonstrates high level of global citizenship. However, increasing level of global consumer culture for such individual has less impact on global citizenship than individual who has low level of religiosity. This study extends the discussion on global customer culture, which becomes a main concern to international business.

Resilience, faith, and social supports among migrants and refugees from Central America and Mexico

ABSTRACT Migrants flee violence, extortion, assault and kidnapping in Central America and Mexico to make the dangerous journey to the U.S. – Mexico border. They experience trauma and adversity at each stage of the journey – prior to departure, enroute, and upon arrival at the border. This mixed methods research project examines protective factors that mediate trauma and support quality of life among migrants. Despite high levels of post-traumatic stress, migrants score high on measures of resilience and quality of life. Participants expressed high levels of religiosity and utilize faith as a coping strategy to lend meaning to their hardship and suffering.

Religiusitas, lingkungan dan pembelian green product pada konsumen generasi Z

The formation of consumer attitudes will shape a person's intention to do or not, and that intention will influence the formation of consumer behavior. The purpose of this study is to fill the gap with previous research by investigating the role of religiosity, an essential part of a person's belief system, in the relationship between environmental variables and the intention to purchase green products / environmentally friendly products. Questionnaire or pre-test testing was carried out by distributing questionnaires to students of State Universities in Malang in more significant numbers to obtain primary data. The method of analysis in research is the method of Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the study indicate that religiosity is related to spiritual values that influence one's actions in making decisions. Religiosity is very important in one's life. So that generation Z who has a high level of religiosity will think of the environment for the actions they do during the purchase activity. Thus generation Z will choose environmentally friendly products (green products) so that the surrounding environment is safe and avoid environmental damage.

The Effect of Religiosity on Stock Market Speculation

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether religiosity affects stock market speculation. We use data from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries characterized by a high level of religiosity and clearly defined religious rules on investing. We find that during Ramadan, the stock markets of these countries encounter relatively lower levels of market volatility, idiosyncratic volatility, and trading frequency. We do not find significant changes in absolute returns during Ramadan compared with other months. However, a drop in volatility leads to higher risk-adjusted returns. Our results indicate that religiosity is negatively related to stock market speculation.

Relationship of religiosity to mental health literacy, stigma, social distance, and occupational restrictiveness in Ningxia Province, China

ABSTRACTLittle research has assessed the relationship between religiosity and mental health awareness in low- and middle-income countries. This study identified a representative sample of 2,425 community-dwelling adults in Ningxia, China and administered the Duke University Religion Index, the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire, the Mental Health Attitude Questionnaire, the Social Distance – Personal Questionnaire and the Social Restrictiveness – Occupational Questionnaire. Religious affiliation per se was not associated with mental health literacy or attitudes, but higher levels of religiosity were associated with better awareness of mental health issues and less social distance and occupational restrictiveness of those with mental health conditions. However, these relationships were substantially different in Hui ethnicity respondents (85% of whom were practicing Islam) and Han ethnicity respondents (15% of whom practiced Buddhism, Taoism or Confucianism).

Is religiosity an important consideration in Muslim consumer behavior

PurposeThis study aims to explore whether religiosity influences consumer purchase behavior among Muslim consumers in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth, semi-structured interview protocol was developed and administered to a sample of 90 participants, both male and female, across eight metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Professionals, university students and housewives were part of the sample. NVivo Version 11 was used for data analysis to answer the research questions raised in this study. Moreover, the purposive sampling method has been used in this research.FindingsThe behavior of consumers was found to vary with the degree of involvement and the degree of religiosity. Study findings are divided into three themes. Firstly, a high level of religiosity makes Muslim consumers follow the Islamic principles of food consumption, by evaluating the product ingredients, spending moderately and verifying a halal logo at the time of purchase. Secondly, a major theme is the view that religiosity has no influence on food consumption; it is more about individuals’ needs and priorities. Finally, the consumers’ overall perception of quality, product value, purity and health consciousness over-powers the concept of religiosity.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of its qualitative and exploratory nature, the generalizability of this paper is limited. In addition to that, this research is just focused on one Muslim country.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that western food exporters may use religiosity and other factors as probable segmentation variables to effectively position their brands. Religious images and other factors may be highlighted in product packaging and communication campaigns by marketers to gain recognition and usage of western food and consumption among religious, Pakistani Muslim consumers. The output of this research may support prospective entrants into the food business; those interested in exploring the Asian consumer market. Findings from this study may also be helpful for those in the west interested in exploring Pakistan as an emerging consumer market.Social implicationsThe presence of western imported food may improve the quality of life by having more opportunities and healthier options for the nation. Western food products can also bring cultural convergence whereby the underdeveloped nation feels upgraded and modern. Moreover, if the western food products are certified halal, the product has a fair chance of adoption and penetration in the society. Also, the food products coming from the western world induces mindfulness, people are more aware about innovative and useful ingredients that can satisfy their taste buds, improve their health, increase their life expectancy and contented approach toward life.Originality/valueThus far, limited research has analyzed religiosity of an overwhelmingly Muslim population and its impact on consumer behavior. This study is a preliminary effort to provide a basic understanding of the behavior of Pakistani Muslims, who have been insufficiently investigated by marketing and consumer researchers. The intriguing results are to remind marketers that there are several factors that govern religiosity and lead to a purchase decision.